Tizilomboti ndi imodzi mwa tizilombo tosadziwika bwino. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kapangidwe koyambirira ka thupi, ndiko kupezeka kwa nyanga pamutu, ndi kukula kwakukulu. Komabe, sikuwoneka kwachilendo kokha kumene kumapangitsa kachilomboka kukhala chinthu chosangalatsa kuchokera kwaokonda tizilombo. Nyama yamtundu wamtundu wamtunduwu yapadera kwambiri ndipo ndiyofunika kuisamalira mwapadera, chifukwa sizachidziwikire kuti yalembedwa mu Red Book m'maiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo Russia.
Dzinalo la asayansi la kachilomboka komanso malo ake mwadongosolo
Tizilombo amatchedwa - kachilomboka. Ali ndi mayina ena - mbawala, lucan, m'Chilatini - Lucanus cervus. Ndiye kachilomboka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ku Europe, ndipo chachiwiri chazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kukula kwake, ndi kwachiwiri pokhapokha pazodutsa mitengo.
Dongosolo la lucan:
- domain - eukaryotes,
- ufumu ndi nyama
- mtundu - arthropods,
- kalasi - tizilombo,
- gulu - mapiko,
- banja la mbawala
- Mitundu - kafadala,
- mawonedwe - kachilomboka.
Kapangidwe kazilombo
Amuna amakula m'litali kuchokera pa 45 mpaka 85 mm, zazikazi ndizofupira 20-27 mm. Tizilombo tamadwala osiyanasiyana timasiyana kwambiri kutalika kwa thupi. Tizilomboti totalika kwambiri ku Europe ndi 95 mm payekha. Amphongo, omwe amapezeka ku Turkey ndi Syria, kutalika nthawi zambiri amafikira 100-103 mm. Mosasamala kanthu za malo omwe lucans amakhala, ndizovuta kutcha zazing'ono.
Amakhala ndi thupi lalikulu lokhazikika, mutu wake kumtunda ndi lathyathyathya. Lukan amadziwika ndi gawo logonana: amuna, ma mandibles (nsagwada zapamwamba za zida zam'kamwa, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti mandibles) zimapangidwa bwino ndikukulitsidwa. Akuluakulu kuposa akazi.
Ngakhale adagwirizana ndi dzina la kachiromboka, maulamuliro ake sakuthudzidwa ndi mafupa am'mutu mwa nyamayi. Amakumbukiranso za nsanza ngati zomwe zimapezeka mu nsomba zazinkhanira ndi nkhanu. Mano awiri amatuluka kuchokera pachimtengo chachikulu chilichonse. Chimodzi chachikulu pamphepete mwa nsonga zam'manja za zida zam'kamwa chimakhala patsogolo pawo. Amuna, mtundu wa mbola umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku ubweya wonyezimira wamafuta kukhala woderapo. Pambuyo pa kachilomboka atamwalira, mandibles amada.
Mimba (kumbuyo kwa thupi) imakutidwa ndi pubescent elytra. Amuna, amakhala a bulauni ndi tint yofiirira, yachikazi - yofiirira. Nthawi zina pali tizilombo tokhala ndi maulalo akuda.
Mutu, tergite wa gawo loyamba la chifuwa, mbali yakumbuyo kwa dorsal dera la mesothorax, miyendo ndi thupi lakumbuyo ndi lakuda. Mlomo wapamwamba mwa amuna umawerama pansi, mutu umakula kwambiri. Antenna anali wokhazikika ndi phesi yayitali. Gawo loyamba ndilokulitsa, lachiwiri limasunthidwa kutsogolo. Makina ooneka ngati opyapyala samatsekeka. Itha kukhala ndi magawo 4, 5 kapena 6.
Makona am'mbuyomu a semicircle yapamwamba ya gawo loyambirira la chifuwa cha anyezi amadziwika. Ma coxae oyang'ana kutsogolo ali patali kwambiri kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Pa miyendo yakumbuyo kwamiyendo pali mano angapo ali pamphepete kunja. Palibe nthiti ndi zopondera pamiyendo yamiyendo yakutsogolo. Pamaso pa ntchafu za malembawo muli timathunzi tofiirira tofiirira tofiirira tating'ono tomwe timapezeka pafupi ndi mawayilesiwo. Amakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi.
Pamutu pali ziwalo zogwira, kupuma ndi masomphenya. Tinyanga timeneti timayambitsa fungo. Ndi chithandizo chawo, cholakwika chimasaka chakudya. Amapuma mpweya wolowa mkati mwa chifuwa ndi pamimba. Kuchokera ziwalozi, amalowa m'machubu ochepa kwambiri okuta ziwalo, ndipo amalowa mwaulere.
Kuti mutha kuwona zinthu zoyandikana ndi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi maso ambiri ophweka, maso omwe ali kumbali za mutu. Mosiyana ndi ziwalo zonse zowoneka zazimuna mwa amuna, zimagawika patali ndi ma buccal protrusions.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mwachitsanzo, kachilomboka, raulu, mapiko, Grant mbawala, ndi zina zambiri pokhapokha pofotokozera ndiye kuti ndizovuta kudziwa momwe anyezi amawonekera. Momwe kachilombo kamagwirira ntchito, mutha kudziwa mwatsatanetsatane muzojambula pansipa komanso pachithunzichi.
Kubala komanso magawo okula bwino: kuyambira dzira kufikira imago
Munthu wokwatirana naye kwa maola angapo. Izi zimachitika pamitengo. Pokonzekera kukhwima, kachilomboka kaimuna kamagwira mkazi ndi nyanga. Pakapita nthawi, omalizira amayikira mazira.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wambiri, munthu m'modzi amatha kuyikira mazira pafupifupi awiri, ndipo iliyonse, imakata chipinda chapadera chovundikira nkhuni - zitsa zakale, m'maenje ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo. Kukula kwa mazira ndi 2.23 mm. Amakhala onyansa ndipo amakhala ndimtoto wachikasu. Palibe chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane chatsiku ili. Malinga ndi mabuku ena, nthawi imeneyi ikuchokera masiku 35 mpaka 42, malinga ndi ena - kuyambira masiku 14 mpaka 28.
Pakutha kwa gawo, kutalika, m'mimba mwake, ndi kulemera kwa mphutsi za reindeer zimafika 1013,5 mm, 2 mm, ndi 20-30 g motsatana. Pakadali pano mayendedwe amoyo, tizilombo timakhala ndi mchenga woyera kapena kirimu wowiritsa ndi mawonekedwe a C. Mothandizidwa ndi ziwalo zapadera, amatulutsa mbola 1-sekondi ndipo nthawi zambiri amabwereza mawu ndi pafupipafupi 11 kHz. Mwambiri, mwanjira imeneyi amalumikizana.
Kwa tsiku amatha kudya pafupifupi 23 cubic metres. cm. Kudyetsa mkati mwa mitengo yomwe ili mkati mwa tchire, kachilomboka ka m'tsogolo kumagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wake, ndikuthandizira kuwonongeka kwa zotsalira zamatabwa ndikupanga nawo mbali popanga dothi. Mphutsi zimakhazikika m'mitengo, mitengo, nsapato, birch, msondodzi, hazel, phulusa, popula, linden, chestnut, kawirikawiri m'mitengo yazipatso. Milandu yakukhazikika kwa mitengo yodziyendera ndiyapadera.
Kukula kwa tiziromboti kumatengera nyengo ndipo kumatenga zaka 4 mpaka 6. Mphutsi za Lucan zimazindikira kuchepa kwa chinyezi. Mpweya wouma umasokoneza kukula kwawo. Komanso, amatha kupirira kutentha pang'ono - mpaka madigiri 20 pansi pa ziro. Chifukwa chake, kafadala kamene kali pachilumba cha Crimea, chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha, kamakhala kakang'ono kwambiri kuposa kamene kamapezeka kumtunda.
Gawo la zisudzo limapezeka mu Okutobala. Izi zimachitika pakuya kwa 15-40 masentimita mu chikhodzodzo - chipinda chokhala ndi makhoma opangidwa ndi matabwa, nthaka ndi mphutsi zofunika. Pupa m'litali amakula mpaka 50 mm. Imago amabisala m'chipindacho momwe zidole zinachitikira. Imafika kumtunda kuyambira Meyi mpaka June.
Kodi kachilomboka kangakulume, ndi kopindulitsa ndi choyipa chani?
Ma Lucan samakhala olusa, koma nthawi zina amaluma. Kodi akuvutiranji anthu? Amatha kuluma aliyense amene amaopseza moyo wawo. Komabe, iwowo sangathe kuukira munthu. Ngati kachilombo kaalumidwa ndi nyanga, mwachitsanzo, nsagwada zapamwamba, ndiye wamphongo, ngati wotsika - wamkazi. Ma mandibles ali ndi mano, kotero kuluma kwa mbawala kumakhala kowawa kwambiri. Amatha kuluma chala chake.
Chamoyo chilichonse chimafuna chilengedwe. Itha kuvulaza mtundu umodzi ndipo nthawi yomweyo kupindulitsa ena. Ma Lucans ndi osiyananso ndi lamuloli, chifukwa ndi zolengedwa zothandiza kwambiri. Zipinda zokutchera mphutsi, sizimapweteketsa mitengo yathanzi, zimangolakalaka zowola. Amalandira chakudya kuchokera kumitundu yosinthika. Kuyeretsa nkhalangoyi kuti isawonongeke, tizilombo timagwira ntchito zina zamtchire. Kutha kwa kafadala kuzunza anthu kapena nyama zazikulu ndi nthano chabe.
Habitat ndi moyo
Chiwerengero cha kachilombo ka deer chikucheperachepera, chifukwa chake amalembedwa mu Red Book m'maiko ambiri. Tizilombo timeneti timakhala ku Europe, Turkey, West Asia, Iran, ndi kumpoto kwa Africa. Ku Russia, amatha kupezeka mgawoli, lomwe limatanthauzira kum'mawa kwa Europe. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timapezeka m'malo a Kaluga, Lipetsk, Kursk, Voronezh ndi Penza.
Tizilomboti timagawidwa chakum'mawa kwa gawo loyandikana ndi Volga, komanso dongosolo lakumwera kwa mapiri a Ural. Malo ake amakhalanso Western Western Caucasus. Nthawi zina, mbawala imatha kuwoneka ku Udmurtia, Krasnodar Territory, m'chigawo cha Greater Caucasus Mountain Range. Lucan akhoza kupezeka ku Ukraine, peninsula ya Crimea, ku Belarus ndi Kazakhstan.
Omwe ali ndi nyanga zochititsa chidwi amakhala moyo wakhama ndi nthawi yobwera kucha. Masana pafupifupi ali osagwira. Mu nyengo yamkuntho ndi yonyowa, komanso ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kumatsika madigiri 16, sikuwuluka. Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: chifukwa cha kulemera kwakukulu kwa nyanga zomwe zimakweza thupi, lucan amakakamizidwa kuuluka mowongoka. Tizilombo ta mbedza timadya kwambiri msuzi wa oak.
Kodi ndizotheka kusunga chikumbu cha mbawala kunyumba kuposa kuchidyetsa?
Anthu ambiri okonda tizilombo amatha kubereka anyani kunyumba. Kuti chiweto choterocho chimve bwino ndikuthamangitsidwa komanso kuti chikule bwino, ayenera kumanga nyumba ya mitengo ya thundu ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo m'nkhalango. Pakutukuka, mphutsi ziyenera kutetezedwa ku majeremusi komanso matenda a fungus. Ngati zonse zachitika molondola, pazaka zingapo kachilomboka kamabadwa.
Ngati simukufuna kubereketsa kafadala, mutha kuyika anyezi mu bokosi la makatoni, pomwe pansi pake ndi dothi ndi udzu. Mutha kudyetsa ziweto zachilendo monga izi ndi shuga. Uchi, zipatso kapena madzi a mabulosi nawonso amawonjezeredwa ndi shuga.