(Asio flammeus) ali ndi kutalika kwa 34-42 masentimita, ndi mapiko a 85-110 masentimita, kutalika kwa mapiko a 28- 34 cm, masekeli 320- 3030 g. Akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna. Makutu ndi achidule. Zipinda zonse ziwiri ndizopakidwa chimodzimodzi. Mu mbalame zachikulire, mbali ya dorsal ndi yofiyira kapena yofiyira yokhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni wamtundu wautali ,wuluka ndi ma helmsmen okhala ndi kaonekedwe ka bulauni. Mbali yamkati ndi yotuwa, yofiyira kapena yoyera ndi mawanga a bulauni. Utawaleza ndi wachikasu, mlomo ndi zigwada zakuda. Kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi komwe kali ponseponse ku Europe kuyambira tundra kupita ku Mediterranean, kumpoto kwa Asia kuchokera kumalire mpaka kummawa kupita ku Kamchatka, Sakhalin, kumwera mpaka Palestine, Iraq, Central Asia ndi Mongolia, ku America kuchokera kumpoto kwa Alaska ndi Mackenzie River kupita kuzilumba za Pacific. Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, zopezeka kuzilumba za Galapagos, Carolina ndi Hawaii. Kumpoto kwa malo ogawikirako, kadzidzi-kadzidzi ndi kosuntha; kupumulako, mbalame yosamukira ndi yenda. Pamakhala malo otseguka, tundra, malo azikhalidwe, mapiri. Chimakhala kumapiri, koma m'malo ena (Altai, Caucasus) chimakwera mpaka 2300 m. Nthawi zoweta zimasiyana kutengera kutunda kwa malowa. Ku Russia, kuyikira mazira kumwera kumachitika cha m'ma Epulo, ku Siberia - koyambirira kwa Meyi komanso ngakhale pambuyo pake. Buluzi, mosiyana ndi kadzidzi ena ambiri, limamanga chisa chake chophweka, chomwe chili pansi. Chiwerengero cha mazira mu clutch chimasiyana kwambiri, zikuwoneka, kutengera nyengo yakudya. Clutch nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mazira 3-5, koma pazaka "mbewa" kuchuluka kwake kumakwera kufika pa 7 komanso 10. Pakukomera kwambiri kwa "zokolola" za mbewa, pamakhala ndewu yachiwiri, ngakhale kumapeto kwa dzinja ndi nthawi yachisanu. Yaikazi imalowa, kuyambira ndi kuyikira dzira loyamba, kotero anapiye omwe ali mu ana a mibadwo yosiyana. Kutalika kwa makulitsidwe ndi masiku 24-30. Zomera zimatuluka pachisa ngati sizikuwuluka, koma zikafika mwezi umodzi zimakhala zamapiko. Kadzidzi wa marsh mumadyetsedwa ndi makoswe, chakudya chotsalazo - mbalame, tizilombo - ndizofunikira kwambiri pakudya kwake. Idakhala ndi kadzidzi osati mbalame yausiku, imagwira ntchito masana.
CAVI OWL (Speotyto cunicularia) ili pafupi kwambiri ndi kadzidzi. Ndizachilendo kumwera kwa North America ndi ku South America konse. Chimakhala ndi zing'onozing'ono zala ndi zala, mapiko otambalala, mchira wamfupi. Kutalika konse kwa thupi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 20. Amakhala ofanana mtundu ndi kadzidzi wamba, koma ali ndi mawonekedwe opindika pamimba ndi mbali. Chimakhala kumapiri ndi kumapiri, ku Andes mpaka pamtunda wa 4000 m. Chimakhala malo otseguka. Imakhala mu mabowo mwachilengedwe kapena pokumbidwa ndi nyama zina, nthawi zina imakumba mabowo. Mu clutch 6-9, nthawi zina mpaka mazira 11. Onse awiri makolo amakhala nawo kwa masiku 28-29. Ziwamba za mphanga zimadyera makamaka tizilombo, komanso zazing'ono zazikazi - makoswe ndi otetezedwa, zomwe siziberekanso zambiri, zotere komanso mbalame zazing'ono. Yogwira masana. Kuchulukana kwa owonjezera chifukwa kumapezeka malo awo okhala zodyeramo anthu ndipo kuchepa kwachidziwikire. Kuphatikizika kwa mongooses ku West Indies kunapangitsa kuti kumapeto kwa zaka zana lomaliza, owol a mapanga anazimiririka: kuzilumba zina (Maria Galante, Antigua, Nevis, Kitte).
OWL NORTH DIPPER
NORTH NEEDLE OWL (Ninox scutulata) ndiye woimira gulu lokhalo lomwe limakhala mkati mwa Russia. Kutalika kwake konse ndi 30 cm masentimita, ndi mapiko a 75-80 masentimita ndi mapiko a 23-25 masentimita. Mtundu wa amuna ndi akazi achikulire kumbali yakumbuyo umakhala woderapo komanso wamizere yoyera modutsa pamapewa. Nthenga za ntchentche ndi zofiirira zakuda ndi mtundu wopepuka wopindika, woderapo wakuda ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Mbali yamkatiyo ndi ya bulauni yokhala ndi nthenga zoyera, zoyera mkati mwake. Utawaleza ndi wachikasu, mulomo ndi woderapo, miyendo yake yachikasu ndi zibwano zakuda. Zala zakaphimbidwa ndizovala zolimba. Kadzidzi wokhala ndi chiwombankhanga chakumpoto amakhala kum'mwera ndi Kum'mawa kwa Asia kuchokera ku India ndi Ceylon kupita ku Japan, Primorye, Indochina, Indonesia, ku Russia kumakhala Primorye, mpaka kumtsinje wa Khungari kumpoto ndi Khabarovsk kumadzulo. Imakhala m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi zowirira ndi mitsinje ya mitsinje, yolowedwa malo otseguka, makamaka ndi mawonekedwe achikhalidwe. Ku Japan, Russia, Manchuria, Korea - mbalame yosamukasamuka, m'malo ena opezeka khola. Ku Russia, moyo wa kadzidziyu sunaphunzirepo. Monga momwe chakudya chake chapakatikati chimadziwika - kachilomboka (kachikumbu kosenda pansi, kafadala, kachikumbu ka ndowe) ndi agulugufe.
WALKING OWL (Sceloglaux albifacies) amakhala kumwera kwa South Island ku New Zealand kumapiri. Mwanjira inayake, imayandikira mtundu wa kadzidzi (Athene). Ili ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 35 mpaka 38. Mtundu wonse ndiwotuwa komanso wamtundu wakuda, wokhala ndi mapiko otambalala ndi mchira. Diski yakutsogolo ndi yoyera ndi mizere yaying'ono ya bulauni. Tarsus wokhala ndi zala, zala zokutidwa ndi bristles. Mbalameyi ndi imodzi mwazinyama zodziwika bwino kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka ku New Zealand. Akoloni aku Europe omwe adabweretsa amphaka ndi makoswe nawo adabweretsa kadzidzi kuti kuthe.
OWL HAWK (Surnia ulula) ndi mtundu wina wamtundu wina wochokera ku kadzidzi wina. Ndi lalifupi kukula, ali ndi mutu wawung'ono wozungulira, wamaso osakwanira nkhope, wamaso ochepa, mapiko akuthwa, mchira walitali wokuluka, tarsus ndi zala zopindika. Utali wonse wa kadzidzi ndi 35-5 masentimita, ndi mapiko a 70-80 masentimita, kutalika kwa mapiko ndi 22-25 masentimita, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 250-70 g. Akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna. Kupaka utoto wa amuna ndi akazi achikulire kumbali yakumaso ya chokoleti yokhala ndi zidutswa zoyera zomwe zimapangidwa makamaka korona wamutu, khosi ndi phewa, kuwuluka ndi mchira wakuda woderapo ndi njira yoyera yopyapyala, mbali yamkati imakhala yoyera ndi mikwingwirima yopindika yakuda. Utawaleza ndi wachikasu, mlomo wake ndi wachikasu, zikhadabo zakuda. Kadzidzi wa kadzidzi amakhala makamaka lamba la taiga la North America, Europe ndi Asia. Kumpoto, madera ake amafikira kumalire a nkhalango, kum'mwera, mpaka pakati pa Scandinavia, madera apakati a Europe ku Russia, kum'mwera kwa taiga ku Siberia - Tyumen ndi Altai. Kadzidzi kamtundu wa hawk amapezekanso ku Tarbagatay, ku Tien Shan, Northern Mongolia, Manchuria, Primorye ndi Sakhalin. Mbalame ya Sedentary yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa ndi mitengo yamitengo, makamaka yodziyimira. Komabe, nthawi zina kadzidzi wa kadzidzi amayenda mosagwirizana, kuwonekerako kumwera kwa malo okhala chisa, kusamukira kosalekeza kumawonedwa ndi kadzidzi waku Siberi. Mbalame wamba, koma zochulukazo zimasiyanasiyana chaka ndi chaka, makamaka kutengera "mbewu" kapena "kulephera kwa mbewu" zamakolo - makoswe onga mbewa. Chiwerengero cha makoswe chimazindikira zonse za fecundity komanso kukula kwa zopezeka za zigawenga. Imakhala zisa makamaka pamitengo yokhala ndi matako osweka, nthawi zina m'maenje (aspen) kapena zisa za mbalame zakale (akhwangwala, oyenda). Dzira limayikidwa nthawi zambiri m'mwezi wa Epulo. Clutch nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mazira oyera a 3-4, koma mu "mbewa" zaka zambiri - - 7, 9, ''10, mwapadera kuchokera mazira 13. Yaikazi imadzimbira, kuyambira pakuyika dzira loyamba, nthawi zina mwamunayo. Kutalika kwa makulidwe sikunakhazikitsidwe bwino, mwina pafupifupi masabata anayi. Anapiye achichewa nthawi zambiri amapezeka theka lachiwiri la Juni, ndipo achichepere ambiri akuuluka - pamasiku osiyana mu Julayi. Chakudya cha kadzidzi wa kadzidzi ndicho makoswe (mandimu ndi ma voles ena). Kadzidzi imathanso kugwera mbalame - pamagawo oyera ndi mitundu ingapo yoyenda. Kadzidzi ndi mbalame ya masana ndipo imasaka masana, makamaka m'mamawa kapena masanawa.
WHITE OWL (Nyctea scandiaca) ndi mbalame yayikulu: kutalika kwa 56-65 masentimita, mapiko a 150-160 masentimita, mapiko kutalika 38.5-46 masentimita, kulemera kwa 1350-25-25 g. Akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna kukula. Mbalame zachikulire zautoto woyera wokhala ndi timizere tofiirira tosiyanasiyana kapena tating'ono tofiirira. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala opepuka kuposa achikazi, nthawi zina amakhala oyera. Utawaleza wachikasu, mulomo pafupifupi utakutidwa ndi nthenga ngati bristle moyang'ana kutsogolo, zakuda zakuda. Povala zoyambirira pachaka, kadzidziwa amakhala oyera ndi mawonekedwe a bulauni ndipo ali ndi madontho a bulauni kumbuyo kwa mutu. Zoyera zoyera ndizazungulira circumpolar ndipo zimadziwika kwambiri ku Arctic ndi Subarctic. Amakhala zilumba zam'nyanja, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi tundra. Izi zimakhazikika panjira, koma mbalame zambiri zosamukasamuka. Maulendo osasinthika samadalira malo akumaloko - chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa, kupezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya, zina. Nthawi zina maulendo osunthika amatenga malo ambiri ndikukhala malo akulu. Zowomba zamtunduwu zimapezeka makamaka m'malo otentha a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi - nkhalango-steppe, steppe, komanso malo achikhalidwe. Ma nomad nthawi zambiri amayamba mu Okutobala. Pa chisanu mbalame zimakhalabe mpaka Epulo. Kadzidzi yoyera kumpoto ndi mbalame wamba, koma zochulukazo zimasiyanasiyana chaka ndi chaka malinga ndi nyengo ya chakudya, makamaka kuchuluka ("kututa") kwa mandimu. Pakakhala mandimu ochepa, kuchuluka kwa owala kumatsika (kawirikawiri chaka chimatha kufa kwa mandimu), ndipo pakalibe mandimu, zikho sizimakhala konse. Zisa za Owl zimapezeka mu tundra yokwera komanso yotsika, makonda ndi malo okwezeka komanso owuma, pomwe kadzidzi amayamba kuyikira mazira pomwe malowo adakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Kwenikweni, kadzidzi zoyera sizimanga zisa; chisa chawo ndi dzenje pomwe mazira amayikira. Dzira limayikidwa kutengera kutalika kwa malo mtunda pakati - kumapeto kwa Meyi. Chiwerengero chazira chachikulu cha mazira m'mphepete mwa 5-8, m'malo abwino kudyetsa sichikhala chocheperako 3-4, ndipo, mosapezekanso, zaka zopitilira 11 mpaka 13. Kutulutsa kumayambira kuyambira dzira loyamba, chifukwa chake anapiye ali azaka zosiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi zambiri achichepere sakhala moyo. Yaikazi imalowetsa chakudya kwa masiku 32- 34, yamphongo imanyamula, kenako ana agululo. Matcheni amawonekera kumapeto kwa June (okulirapo) - koyambirira kwa Julayi (achichepere). Zikho zotsalira zimakhala ndi masiku 51-57 m'mphiko. Chakudya cha kadzidzi yoyera chimakhala makamaka ndi makoswe onga mbewa, ndipo makamaka aku Norweki, Ob komanso osalemera mandimu. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, "mbewu" ndi "zolephera" za ma lemmings ndizomwe zimayambira nthawi yayitali m'moyo wa kadzidzi yoyera - kuswana, kuyendayenda, kugawa nyengo, ndi zina. Owls amadyanso ndi ma voles osiyanasiyana, agologolo pansi, panthawi yodyetsa anapiye ndi mbalame , makamaka achichepere, monga magawo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mafunde, ma gule, ma eider, ngakhale ma passerines (Lapland plantain). Munthawi yopanda kuswana, chakudya cha kadzidzi yoyera chimakhala chosiyanasiyana: mavu, pikas, carnivores (ermine), ndi mbalame zazing'onoting'ono (nkhuku, abakha). Pakusaka, kadzidzi yoyera amakhala pansi, makamaka pamtunda wina, amayang'ana nyama yomwe ikubwera, ndikuyigwira ndikuigwira. Nthawi zina amasaka ntchentche, ikunjenjemera nthawi yomweyo m'malo amodzi mlengalenga, ngati kestrel. Inde, kadzidzi woyera, sikuti amangokhala mbalame usiku, koma nthawi zambiri amasaka m'mamawa kapena madzulo.
BARBAR OWN (Strix nebulosa) ndiye wamkulu kwambiri kuposa zonse zomwe zimapezeka ku kiyuni ku Russia (ndi kadzidzi wamkulu kwambiri). Iyi ndi mbalame yautali komanso yokhala ndi mapiko aatali, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 63-66, mapiko a 130-140 masentimita, mapiko kutalika kwa 41-48 masentimita, kulemera kwa 700-1200 g. Akazi, mwachizolowezi ndi kadzidzi, ndi akulu kuposa amuna. Mbali yamkati mwa akazi ndi amuna achikulire imakhala yofiirira yofiirira komanso yokhala ndi mawonekedwe amtali, yoyera komanso yofiirira, yokhazikika komanso yokhotakhota pamutu wamutu, kumbuyo kwa khosi, mbali yakumbuyo ya khosi. nthenga, zofiirira zakuda ndi mawonekedwe osasinthika, mawonekedwe amaso ake ndi amitambo yakuda ndi malo akuda pamaso, pakhosi pali chingwe chakuda. Mbali yamkati imayera ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa bulauni wautali ndi madontho a bulauni. Utawaleza ndi wachikaso chowoneka bwino, mulomo wake ndi wachikasu, nsapato zake ndi zofiirira. Mbalame yam'mphepete mwa kumpoto kwa nkhalango zakum'mawa ndi kumadzulo. Ku North America, imagawidwa kuchokera kumadera apakati a Alaska, Mackenzie, Quebec, kumwera kumpoto kwa Briteni, zigawo za Alberta ndi Manitoba, Ontario, Mapiri a Sierra Nevada, Idaho, kumadzulo kwa dziko la Montana ndi California, ku Europe - kumpoto kwa Scandinavia. Ku USSR yakale, imagawidwa kuchokera kumpoto kwenikweni kwa taiga, kumwera kupita ku Lithuania, Belarus, dera la Yaroslavl, Middle Urals, ndi Siberia kumwera kupita ku Tyumen, Tara, Altai, Transbaikalia, Amur, Sakhalin. Ku Asia, amapezeka kumapiri a kumpoto kwa Mongolia. Mbalame zokhazikika komanso zosasunthika, kusamuka kumalumikizidwa ndi nyengo zovuta. Kadzidzi kadzidzi amagwiritsa ntchito zisa zakale za mbalame zina, mwina zimadzipangira chisa chake, nthawi zambiri pamitu ya mitengo yosweka, yayitali kuchokera pansi. Kulakwitsa kumawonedwa m'ma April - koyambirira kwa Meyi. Chiwerengero cha mazira mu clutch ndi 3-5, nthawi zambiri 4, nthawi zina imodzi, zomwe zimatengera "zokolola" zazikulu chakudya. Chifukwa chake, pali zaka pomwe bulugi wopanda ndewe samayamba kubereka konse. Zikuwoneka kuti, mkazi yekha ndi amene amayambitsa mazira. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imakhala pafupifupi mwezi. Ma ntchentche amayamba kuuluka ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 35. Brood amakhala ndi makolo onse amagwa. Chakudya cha kadzidzi kadzidzi chimakhala ndi makoswe (ku Scandinavia, makamaka mandimu), nyamayi zazing'ono zodyedwa, ndi mbalame zazing'onoting'ono (mbalame za hazel grouse ndi kuksh zimasonyezedwa ku Eastern Siberia). Imasaka kadzidzi wokhala ndi ndevu nthawi yakudya masana.
BOWL A AXLONES (Aegolius funereus) amadziwika ndi mutu wawutali komanso wamtambo wokhala ndi makutu oyera, makina owoneka bwino komanso ofanana (chifukwa cha mapangidwe a makutu) mawonekedwe amaso, ochepa thupi, mlomo wofowoka, wamapeto ataliatali, mchira wamfupi, miyendo yopindika mpaka kumaloko. (achimwene akummwera kwa kadzidzi wa borali, zala zimakhala pang'ono kapena zopanda tsitsi). Kutalika konse 21-27 masentimita, mapiko kutalika 15-18 masentimita, kulemera kwa 120-190 g. Akazi ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa amuna. Utoto wake ndi wonyezimira wokhala ndi timizere tating'ono tomwe timapanga mawonekedwe opambanapendekera ndi ma nsapato, timiyala tating'ono ta kumbuyo kwa mutu, khosi ndi mapewa, mbali yamkatiyo ndiyoyera ndi mawonekedwe a bulauni. Utawaleza wachikasu, mlomo wachikasu, zikhadabo zakuda. Kadzidzi ya buluzi imafala kwambiri m'mapiri komanso m'nkhalango zachilengedwe za ku Europe, Asia, ndi North America. Ku Russia, kuchokera ku Kola Peninsula ndi Kaliningrad Region kumadzulo kupita ku Anadyr, Kamchatka, zilumba za Kuril, Sakhalin, Primorye kummawa. Imapezeka ku Carpathians, Caucasus, mapiri a Central Asia, Alps, Pyrenees, Balkan, kumpoto kwa Mongolia, Western China, North America - ku Briteni, Canada, ndi zigawo zakumpoto kwa United States. Mbalame zokhazikika, zina zosamukidwa. Kumpoto amakhala ndi moyo wamasana, kum'mwera usiku. Ku Europe ku Russia, mitundu ya kadzidzi yokhala ndi mbewa imapezeka theka lachiwiri la Epulo, ndipo kenako ku Siberia. Mu clutch 4-6, nthawi zina mazira oyera. Yaikazi imagwira masiku 25-31. Nthawi yodzala ndi masiku 30. Zomera m'mayenje. Zikho za ng'ombe za ng'ombe zimadyanso nyama zing'onozing'ono - zokhala ndi mbewa, zosavutikira komanso zodutsa zazing'ono.
Tawny (Strix aluco) Tawny - mbalame zazing'onoting'ono komanso zazikulu (za kadzidzi), zazitali kutalika 30 mpaka 70 masentimita, imvi kapena yofiira ndi mtundu wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitundu ina ndi yosaoneka bwino. Mutu wa kadzidzi ndi wokulirapo komanso wozungulira, wopanda makutu a nthenga, ndipo mkamwa mwamphamvu wothinikizidwa, gawo lakutsogolo limadzaza. Makutu ndi asymmetrical, maso ali ndi iris yofiirira (kupatula kadzidzi wokhala ndi ndevu). Zovala ndizitali, zakuthwa, zopindika. Zowonjezerazo ndizofewa komanso zotayirira, mapiko ndi otakata komanso ozungulira, mchirawo ndi wautali komanso wopindika. Mapazi okhala ndi zikhadabo (kupatula zina). Mbalame zamtchire, makamaka usiku. Amadyera nyama yomwe imagwiridwa pansi, amadya makoswe, komanso mbalame zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono, amphibians ndi repitles, ndi invertebrates (mollusks, nyongolotsi, arthropods). Zimakhala chisa m'maenje kapena zisa zakale, nthawi zina m'miyala kapena m'miyala yamiyala. Masamba am'mitundu yakum'mwera kuchokera ku 1-3, mbalame zam'mlengalenga zotentha kuchokera ku 2-4, osatinso, mazira oyera. Yaikazi imadzinjiriza kwa masiku 28-30, kuyambira ndi kuyikira dzira loyamba.Pazaka zapakati pa masabata asanu ndi amodzi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, anapiye amakhala ndi mapiko, koma nthawi yonse yophukira amakhala limodzi ndi makolo awo. Owls ndi mbalame zokhazikika, koma kumpoto kwa magawikidwe amasunthira kumwera, makamaka ngati nyengo (chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa, chimazizira) zimapangitsa kuti azivutika kupeza chakudya. M'mafakitale akale a Soviet Union, kadzidzi amaimiridwa ndi mitundu itatu. Eluasi wa kirasi (S. aluco) ndi mbalame yolimba pakatikati: kutalika kwa 40-45 masentimita, mapiko 90-105 masentimita, mapiko kutalika kwa 23- 34 cm, kulemera kwa 450-685 g. Mkazi ndi wamkulu kuposa wamwamuna, akazi ndi akazi amakhala ofanana. Mu mbalame zazikulu, mitundu iwiri (mitundu yosiyanasiyana) imakhala imvi komanso yofiyira, magawidwe ake omwe mwanjira ina amakhalanso okhudzana ndi kugawa malo. Mtundu wamba wamtundu wa mbalame yakhungu imachita imvi, utoto wakunja wamapiko ndi zikuluzikulu zazikulu zokhala ndi mawanga oyera oyera, zofiirira-zofiirira zokhala ndi milozo yopepuka komanso njira yosinthira pang'ono, mchira wa imvi wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wakuda wa bulauni. Mbali yamkati ndi yoyera ndi yoyera yakuda yaimaso yakuda ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa. Mu mbalame zofiira, utoto wamba wa dorsal side ndi wofiyira, wokhala ndi yunifolomu yambiri. Pali payokha pakati pa mitundu iwiri yomwe yakongoletsa, ndipo nthawi zina (takhala makamaka ku Caucasus) pali zikho zakuda zakuda zakuda. Utawaleza ndi wakuda, mulomo ndi wachikasu, nsapato zake ndi zakuda. Kadzidzi wamba pakugawidwa kwake kumalumikizidwa ndi mitengo yamitengo. Chimakhala m'nkhalango (kum'mwera kwa taiga, pamtunda wamasamba osakanikirana komanso osakhazikika) ndipo sichichita manyazi ndi chikhalidwe (minda, mapaki). Kumpoto, imakhala mbalame yosalala, kumwera kwa malo ogawirako (Caucasus, Central Asia, etc.) imapezekanso kumapiri. Mbalame yoyendayenda kapena yosayenda. Ku Russia, kadzidzi wamba amapezeka kumadera a Leningrad, madera akumwera kwa Vologda, dera la Kirov kumwera kupita ku Crimea ndi Transcaucasia, kum'mwera kwa Western Siberia kuchokera ku Tyumen ndi Tobolsk kumpoto, kumapiri a Central Asia. Kunja kwa USSR, kuli ponseponse ku Europe, kupatula kumpoto kwenikweni, kumadzulo kwa Ireland ndi Great Britain, kumwera mpaka ku Mediterranean, Front ndi Central Asia, kum'mawa mpaka ku China, kumwera mpaka ku Pakistan ndi Himalayas, kumpoto kwa West Africa kumpoto kwa Sahara . Kadzidzi wamba ku malo otentha ndi mbalame wamba, yomwe imachulukana pambuyo pake (mu "mbewa") yopatsa zaka ndikuchepera patapita zaka mosadyetsa bwino. Ngakhale kadzidzi ndilinso mbalame yokhazikika, koma m'zaka zovuta amakakamizidwa kuti asamuke. Kubzala wamba kadzidzi kumayambiriro, chitsitsimutso cha masika m'makhalidwe a kadzidzi chikuwoneka kale kumapeto kwa February - mu Marichi. Imakhala zisa m'maenje, nthawi zina imakhala zisa za anthu ena (akhwangwala, mbalame za nyama), ndipo nthawi zina zisa m'nyumba. Mazira amaikidwa makamaka kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Nthawi zambiri, mumakhala mazira awiri awiri oyera mu clutch, koma mu zaka zowadyetsa ndi zina zambiri - m'chigawo cha Tula, mwachitsanzo, mazira 7 kapena 8. Kulumikizana kumayamba ndi kuyikira dzira loyamba, anapiye omwe ali mu anawo
Spoiler
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Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa manambala, sizikuwoneka pamitengo masana. Utoto kuchokera ku imvi kupita ku bulauni ndi kufiyira. Kumbuyo kuli ndi mawanga oyera, masamba akumaso ndi amaso otuwa, khosi limakhala ndi kolala yoyera, mchira ndi imvi, ndi mitsempha yakuda ndi yakuda, yokhala ndi mikwendo yoyera 4-5. Pamutu, mitengo iwiri yaimvi yodontha imawoneka m'mbali za korona. Maso ake ndi achikaso, mulomo ndi wakuda bii. Mapapu ndi miyendo ndi zofiirira kuti zofiirira.
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Owl
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Mbalamezo zimakhala ndi thupi lakuda lofiirira, msana wofiirira ngati m'munsi. Mutu ndi khosi lakumaso ndi lakuda, pafupifupi lakuda. Masamba oyera oyera ambiri okhala ndi m'mbali zakuda amaphimba kumbuyo, mpaka kutsogolo kwa korona. Tsitsi lamapewa limayera ndi mikwaso yakuda. Palibe mitolo ya khutu pamutu. Mlomo ndi wakuda bii. Maso ndi odera.
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Chiwombankhanga
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Ali ndi:
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- mtondo wowumba
- maso akulu
- Thumba lofufumukira silikuwukitsidwa.
Thupi lakuda lofiirira mpaka lakuda ndi lamaso, pakhosi loyera. Mawanga amdima kumbuyo. Kumbuyo ndi m'mbali mwa khosi pamakhala mawonekedwe amizeremizere, mawanga owuma pamutu. Mbali yakunja ya khungu loyera imakutidwa ndi mawanga akuda. Mchira wake ndi woderapo. Mlomo ndi zikhadabo zakuda. Mataka ndi zala zimakhala ndi utoto kwathunthu. Utoto wamaso kuchokera kwa wachikaso owoneka bwino wachikasu kupita ku lalanje yakuda (kutengera mtundu wa subspecies).
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Kadzidzi owala
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Mutu wa kadzidzi wamkulu umazunguliridwa bwino komanso wopanda makutu. Thupi limayenda ndi nthenga zowirira pamiyendo yake. Mbalame zoyera zimakhala ndi masamba akuda kapena abuluu pamatupi awo ndi mapiko. Pa akazi, mawanga amatuluka pafupipafupi. Amuna amakhala odzala komanso azungu. Maso ake ndi achikaso.
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Barn owl
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Ali ndi khungu loyera loyang'ana mawonekedwe a mtima ndi chifuwa choyera chokhala ndi mawanga a bulauni. Kumbuyo kwake kuli kowoneka bwino ndi malo akuda ndi oyera. Amuna ndi akazi ndi ofanana mtundu, koma zazikazi ndizokulirapo, zakuda komanso zowonekera.
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Kadzidzi wa kadzidzi
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Thupi lakumwambalo limawoneka ndi mawanga amdima ndi mitsempha. Khosi lili loyera. Pansi pa thupi pofiyira chikasu ndi mikwaso yakuda. Mchiuno ndi zopondera ndi kofiyira. Diski yakumaso siyimvekedwe, thunzi. Mutu ndi nape ndi nthenga zazitali, zimapatsa mawonekedwe. Palibe mitolo ya khutu. Maso ndi amtundu wakuda. Pansi pa miyendoyo mulibe udzu komanso utoto wowoneka bwino, kumapeto kwa masiponji, omwe amathandiza kugwira ndikugwira nsomba.
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Kadzidzi wautali wautali
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Mapiko ataliitali ozungulira amawoloka kumbuyo komwe mbalameyo imakhala pansi. Mtundu wakhungu ndi imvi yotuwa. Malo amtundu wamaso akhungu amaoneka ngati nsidze, malo oyera ali pansi pa mulomo wakuda, maso ndi a lalanje kapena achikasu, matako ndi zala zimakutidwa ndi nthenga. Zovala zazitali, zakuda bii zimawoneka ngati makutu, koma ndi nthenga zokha.
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Hawk owl
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Mbalame yamtchire yamtchire imakhala ngati kambuku, koma imawoneka ngati kadzidzi. Thupi lozizira, maso achikasu ndi disc yakutsogolo yakutsogolo, yokongoletsedwa ndi bwalo lakuda, ndi kadzidzi. Komabe, mchira wautali ndi chizolowezi chokwera mitengo yayekha ndikusaka masana amafanana ndi mbawala.
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Singano owl
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Diski yakutsogolo ndi yofiirira yokhala ndi mikwingwirima yopapatiza yoyera yozungulira. Maso ake ndi achikasu owoneka bwino komanso malo owoneka ngati mdawo owazungulira. Utoto waawisi ndi wobiriwira kapena wonyezimira, ndiye kuti mulomo ndi wamtambo komanso wopanda mano. Pali malo oyera pamphumi. Korona ndi nape chokoleti cha bulauni, chokhala ndi milozo chofunda.
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Kumbuyo, chovala chamkati ndi mapiko ndicholimba chokoleti. Mchira wake ndi wautali, woderapo komanso wamaso oyera, wokhala ndi mikwaso yotuwa yotuwa. Mapazi okhala ndi zala, zala kapena zofiirira.
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Swamp owl
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Diski yakumaso sinafotokozedwe bwino. Mchira wake ndi woderapo wokhala ndi mikwaso yoyera kapena yoyera. Zala zakuda ndi zofiirira, zazifupi, zovala zili ndi nyanga zakuda zokhala ndi malangizo akuda.
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Sparrow owl
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Chosangalatsa cha nkhope yanu ndi yautoto wonyezimira ndipo yokhala ndi mizere ingapo yamdima. Zoyera zoyera, maso achikaso. Phukusi laimvi, mulomo wachikasu.
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Mbali yam'mwamba ya thupi ndi chokoleti chakuda kapena chofiirira, pamutu pake pali malo owala oyera, kumbuyo ndi chovala chokhala ndi madontho oyera oyera pafupi ndi m'munsi mwa nthenga. Kumbuyo kwa mutu kuli maso abodza (nkhope ya occipital), omwe amakhala ndi malo akulu akulu akuda ozunguliridwa ndi mabwalo oyera.
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Khosi ndi thupi lakumunsi ndi loyera, mawanga a bulauni m'mbali mwa chifuwa, timabowo tofiirira kuyambira pakhosi mpaka pamimba. Mawamba ndi tsinde la zala zachikasu ndi zoyera kapena zofiirira. Zovala ndi nsonga zakuda.
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Boreal owl
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Kadzidzi kokhala ndi kansalu koyera kumaso koyingidwa ndi mkombero wakuda wokhala ndi mawanga oyera oyera. Gawo laling'ono lakuda pakati pa maso ndi m'munsi mwa mulomo. Maso otuwa kuti chikaso chowala. Phula ndi mulomo wake ndi wachikasu.
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Nyumba owl
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Diski yakutsogoloyo ndi yosazungulira, yofiirira komanso yokhala ndi mawanga oyera. Maso amtundu wachikasu kutuwa chikasu, chikasu chamtundu wa azitona, mulomo kuchokera ku imvi kubiriwira mpaka imaso. Kutsogolo ndi korona wokhala ndi mitsempha ndi malo oyera. Thupi lakumtunda ndi lofiirira wakuda, lokhala ndi malo oyera oyera. Mchira wake ndi woderapo wokhala ndi mikwaso yoyera kapena yoyera. Throat ndi kolala yopyapyala yofiirira pansipa. Zala zakuda zofiirira, zofiirira, zofiirira zakuda ndi maupangiri akuda.
Owl: malongosoledwe ndi zithunzi. Kodi mbalame imawoneka bwanji?
Kadzidzi ndi mbalame yodya nyama. Kutengera ndi komwe akukhala, ikhoza kukhala ndi mtundu wina wa manambala, kuphimba kadzidzi ku dera lozungulira. Mutu wa kadzidzi umakhala wozungulira ndi maso akulu, misomali ndi yayitali komanso yokhotakhota, ndipo mulomo ndiwachangu komanso waufupi.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kadzidzi ilinso ndi mitundu ingapo. Kadzidzi kakang'ono kwambiri ndi kadzidzi. Masikidwe ake ndi 17 cm cm okha, ndipo kulemera kwa 50-80 g.alizi lalikulu kwambiri la kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga. Kutalika kwake ndi 60-70 cm, ndipo kulemera kuchokera 2 mpaka 4 kg.
Kutalika kwa kadzidzi m'chilengedwe kuli pafupifupi zaka 10; kutchuthi, mbalame izi zimakhala zaka 40. Moyo waufupi kwambiri wa kadzidzi m'chilengedwe umakonda kufotokozedwa ndi kusaka ndi kusaka mbalame zina zodya nyama, monga ankhandwe ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide, kadzidzi.
Ma Owl paws ndi amphamvu komanso osasamala, mwa mitundu yambiri yokhala ndi utoto. Owl zovala wakuthwa ndi wowerama, amamuthandiza mwachangu kumugwira yemwe wamugwira ndi kumugwira. Kuuluka kwa kadzidzi kuli pafupifupi chete, izi zimachitika chifukwa kapangidwe kake ka nthenga. Nthenga zoyambirira zakumaso ndi mphonje. Nthenga zachitatu ndi zinayi za kadzidzi ndizitali kuposa zina zonse. Mchira wake ndi wokulungidwa komanso wokonzedwa, ndipo nthenga zawo zimakhala mchira. Mapiko a kadzidzi ali pafupifupi masentimita 142-200. Mbalamezi zimawuluka mothamanga kwambiri: kuthamanga kwa kadzidzi mu ndege amathawa 80 km / h.
Mbalameyi imatulutsa chikhazikitso ngati chakwiya kapena chikusangalala. Zimakhala ndi mlomo wake. Mlomo wa kadzidzi umakutidwa kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto, umatha ndi mbedza, m'mphepete umakhala wopanda mabala.
Owls amatha kutembenuza mitu yawo ndi madigiri a 180 kapena 270 popanda kudzipweteka kapena kuvulaza. Mbalame ya kadzidzi ndi nyama yolusa, ndipo imafunika kutsatira nyama yake, chifukwa maso sakhala mbali, koma kutsogolo.
Maso a kadzidzi sikuyenda ndipo amayang'ana kutsogolo kokha. Kuti asinthe komwe akuwona, mbalameyo imafunika kutembenuzira mutu. Potere, momwe amawonera kadzidzi ndi madigiri 160, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi a binocular, mosiyana ndi mbalame zina. Owls amawona dziko lapansi lakuda ndi loyera. Mandala a kadzidzi mulibe m'maso, koma mu chubu cha nyanga, kotero mbalame zimatha kuwona bwino usiku.
Kumva kadzidzi ndibwino kanayi kuposa kambuku. Nyama ikangodziguguda mwachisawawa kapena ikamveka, mbalame imathamangira kwa iyo ndi liwiro la mphezi.
Mitundu ya kadzidzi, mayina ndi zithunzi
M'banja la kadzidzi mumakhala mabanja atatu, mitundu 30 ndi mitundu 214, omwe ambiri ndi awa:
- Kadzidzi wautali wa nthawi yayitali (Asio otus)
Mbalameyi imakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 31 mpaka 36. Mapikowa amafika masentimita 86-98. Mtundu wa kadzidzi, mtundu wofiirira wokhala ndi timaso tambiri, umakhala woyera. Malo akuda amapezeka kumtunda kwa thupi; mikwingwirima yopumira imakhala kumbali yakumunsi. Pamutu pa buluzi wa kadzidzi pali mitolo yayikulu ya khutu, yomwe ili ndi nthenga zisanu ndi imodzi.
Imakhala m'nkhalango zowirira, imakonda mayiko aku Europe kapena kumpoto kwa Asia monga malo osambira, imawulukira kumpoto kwa Africa kuti ikazizire nthawi yozizira. Eva kadzidzi amadya makoswe, mbewa, ma voles, tizilombo ndi mbalame.
- Great Grey Owl (Strix nebulosa)
Mbalame yayitali yotalika masentimita 80 ndi mapiko a 1.5 metres. Mbalame yokhala ndi mutu waukulu imakhala ndi mtundu waimvi. Mikwingwirima yakuda imakhala mozungulira maso achikasu a kadzidzi.
Imadyera ndodo za kadzidzi ndi agologolo. Pofuna kukola zisa, amasankha zisa za akoko ndi ma bwanzi, iyemwiniyo samamanga zisa. Mtambo wakuda womwe uli pamlomo wa mbalame umawoneka ngati ndevu, chifukwa chake dzina la mbalameyo. Mbalame ilibe makutu a nthenga, kolala yoyera ili pakhosi. Kunja kwa mapikowo kumabisa mivi yakuda.
Kadzidzi, kadzidzi amakhala ku nkhalango za taiga ndi zamapiri kumayiko a Baltic, ku Europe ku Russia, ku Siberia, Sakhalin, ndi Mongolia.
Ili ndi kutalika kwa 60-75 masentimita, mapiko a 160-190 cm.Ulemu wa kadzidzi wamphongo ukufika pa 2.1-2.7 kg, kulemera kwa akazi ndi 3-3.2 kg. Chiwombankhanga ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri kuposa gulu lililonse la Owls. Ziwombankhanga zamtunduwu zimayang'aniridwa ndi mitundu ofiira komanso owoneka bwino, maso a kadzidzi wokhala ndi chiwombankhanga ndi mtundu wowala wa lalanje, zigamba za nthenga zazitali zimakhala pamwamba pa maso.
Mbidzi za chiwombankhanga zimakhala m'nkhalango ndi mapiri a ku Eurasia, zimagwiritsa ntchito makoswe, mbewa, akhwangwala, hedgehogs, mavu, mbalame ndi zina zodyera.
- Sparrow Owl (Glaucidium passerinum)
Kutalika kwa kadzidzi ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 19, mapiko amafika masentimita 35 mpaka 40. Kulemera kumafikira 55-80 g. Nthawi yomweyo, amuna ndi ochepa kuposa akazi. Mtundu wa kadzidzi ndi wakuda kapena wonyezimira wakuda; maonekedwe oyera, akulu kumbuyoku komanso ang'ono pamutu, amawoneka bwino nthenga. Pansi pa mbalameyo ndi yoyera ndi mikwingwirima yayitali yofiirira. Mchira wake ndi woderapo, mikwingwirima 5 yopapatiza imakhalapo. Mutu umakhala wocheperako komanso wozungulira komanso wowumbika pang'ono; kadzidzi alibe makutu. Pafupifupi maso a kadzidzi wopitapo ndi mphete zoyera komanso zofiirira. Maso a mbalameyi ndi achikaso, ndi nsidze zoyera pamwamba pamaso. Zovala za kadzidzi wa buluu ndi zakuda kapena zachikasu. Mapazi ali ndi tsitsi lopindika bwino,
- Nyumba Owl (Athene noctua)
Mbalame yaying'ono yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 25cm komanso kulemera kwa pafupifupi 150-170 g. Mtundu wazambiri wazimayi ndi zazimuna ndizofanana. Kumbuyo kwa mbalameyo kumakhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira kapena wamchenga. Malo oyera a bulauni oyera amakhala pamimba yoyera ya kadzidzi. Malo oyera oyera ozungulira amapezeka pa nthenga.
Kadzidzi wa nyumbayo amakhala kumwera komanso pakati pa Europe, kumpoto kwa Africa komanso kum'mwera kwa Asia. Ku Russia, kadzidzi amapezeka makamaka pakati komanso kumwera kwa gawo la ku Europe, ku Southern Altai ndi Transbaikalia. Mbalame zimakhala m'malo otetezeka ndi chipululu, zimamanga zisa m'miyala ndi m'makola. Kadzidzi wa nyumbayo amadya tizilombo, abuluzi, makoswe, ndipo nthawi zina mbalame.
- Barn Owl (Tyto alba)
Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya owol yokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ndi nkhope. Kutalika kwa khola la Owl kumafika masentimita 34-39 ndi mapiko a masentimita 80-95. Kulemera kwa mbalame yolusa ndi magalamu 190-700. Utoto wa kadzidzi ndi wofiyira ndi mautoto osiyanasiyana, mikwingwirima ndi zidutswa. Potere, mtunduwo umatengera malo omwe mbalame zimakhala. Mchira wa mbalame ndi wamfupi. Makutu a kadzidzi amakhala ndi kachulukidwe ka asymmetric: ngati kumanzere kumakhala pamphumi, ndiye kumanja kumayandikira dera la mphuno. Chifukwa cha izi, mbalame imamva bwino kwambiri.
Barn Owl amakhala pamakondomu onse kupatula Antarctica wozizira. Ku Russia, amakhala ku Kaliningrad kokha.
- White Owl (Arctic Owl) (Bubo scandiacus, nyctea scandiaca)
Ili ndi kutalika kwa thupi la 55 mpaka 70 cm, kulemera kwa mbalameyo ndi 2-3 kg. Mapikowa amafika masentimita 143-166. Mtundu wa mbalame yomwe imakhala m'malo a tundra umakhala chobisalira, chifukwa chake mitundu yoyera yomwe ili ndi malo amdima imakhalapo. Mlomo wa kadzidzi wakhungu ndi wakuda, maso ake ndi achikasu. Zilonda za nyama yolusa zimapindika kwathunthu.
Kadzidzi ya polar imakhala ku Eurasia, North America, Greenland, kuzilumba za Arctic Ocean. Kadzidzi yoyera imadya makoswe, mandimu, mavu, zimbudzi, magawo, atsekwe, abakha, nsomba. Zoyera zoyera zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira.
- Hawk Owl (Surnia ulula)
Amakhala m'malo a nkhalango ku Europe, North America ndi Asia. Ku Russia, imapezeka ku Kamchatka, m'chigawo cha Magadan, ku Chukotka, mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Okhotsk.Amadyetsa makoswe (mbewa, malembe, maunda maunda), nthawi zina amasaka agologolo, hazel grouse, grouse wakuda, partridge ndi mbalame zina.
Kutalika kwa nyanjayo kumafika masentimita 45. Mchira wa mbalame ndi wautali, utoto ndi wonyezimira ndi kupezeka kwa malo oyera, mikwingwirima yopyapyala imapezeka m'munsi mwa thupi. Maso ndi mdomo wa kadzidzi wanji.
Kodi kadzidzi kumakhala kuti?
Owls amakhala padziko lonse lapansi, osawapeza ku Antarctica okha. Mitundu 17 ya kadzidzi imakhala ku Russia. Ambiri mwa mbalamezi amatha kupezeka m'nkhalango, ndipo ndi ochepa okha omwe amakhala poyera.
Kwenikweni, kadzidzi amakhala m'malo opanda kanthu komanso zisa. Kadzidzi ka chiwombankhanga kamapeza nyumba pafupifupi kulikonse: m'nkhalango, mapiri, mapiri ndi zipululu. Kadzidzi wokhala ndi mbewa yayitali amakhala m'minda yamitundu yonse, chifukwa amasaka m'malo momasuka, koma amapanga zisa zake m'nkhalango. Kadzidzi yoyera imakhala mu tundra, nthawi yachisanu imawulukira kumwera, sakonda malo opanda mitengo. Kadzidzi kadzidzi amakhala ku nkhalango zowirira za taiga zokha. Mitundu ya kadzidzi monga kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi ndi nyumba ya kadzidzi imapeza nyumba yawo pansi padenga ndi nyumba.
Kodi kadzidzi amadya chiyani?
Funso la zomwe mbalame ya kadzidzi imadya m'chilengedwe limapangitsa chidwi anthu ambiri. Mbalameyi, zonse m'malo ake achilengedwe ndi ukapolo, imadya makoswe, mbalame zazing'ono, tizilombo, nyama. Zakudyazo zimatengera komwe amakhala kadzidzi. Zazikazi zazikulu komanso zazing'onoting'ono zimadya mbewa, mbewa, malemu, maunda, abuluzi, zimbudzi, achule, achule, mileme, nyulu, njoka, nkhuku. Kadzidzi zazing'ono zomwe zimadya makamaka tizilombo (kachilomboka, ziwala), ndi mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja zimadya nsomba, nkhanu ndi mamina. Zimbudzi zam'mayiko otentha zimadya zipatso, zomera ndi zipatso. Mbalame ya kadzidzi imatha kukhala popanda madzi kwa miyezi ingapo, kuthetsa ludzu ndi magazi aanthu omwe akuchitiridwayo.
Owl kuswana
Owls amapanga awiriawiri. Awiri a kadzidzi samanga zisa zawo, amakhala ndi ming'alu, m'maenje, kapena zisa zomwe mbalame zina zasiya. Zikhozizi zimakhala ndi zisa pansi pamitengo yambiri. Zikho zimatha kubereka kamodzi kapena kangapo pachaka, zonse zimatengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe amakhala. Mu clutch pamakhala mazira atatu kapena 10. Mazira owel ndi oyera, ozungulira komanso ochepa. Kadzidzi yaikazi imalowetsa mazira. Kadzidzi wamwamuna amakhudzidwa kudyetsa ana. Nthawi zambiri zisa za mibadwo yosiyana zimakhala mchisa. Makolo amadyetsa ana onse, koma ambiri aiwo amaperekedwa kwa abambo akuluakulu. Ana a kadzidzi okalamba amathanso kudya ana awo ang'onoang'ono chifukwa chosowa chakudya.
Pali zovuta zina pakudya kadzidzi, chakudya chamagetsi cha mbalamechi chimapangidwa kuti chizitha kudya nyama yonse ya mbewa kapena mbalame. Ndizomveka kuti kudyetsa nyama kusowa, konzekerani kugula kwa mbewa.
Komanso samalani kwambiri posankha mtundu wa kadzidzi, nyumba yodziwika bwino, buluzi wa kanyumba kamakhala koyenera. Padzakhala malo ocheperako komanso owomba, ngakhale mutakhala ndi nyumba komanso nyumba.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi?
Chiwombankhanga ndi mbalame yolusa yochokera ku kadzidzi, banja la kadzidzi. Zili pamtundu wa kadzidzi. Mbalameyi imasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya kadzidzi pamaonekedwe ake. Choyamba, kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga ali ndi kukula kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi kadzidzi wina. Mutu wa kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga ndi wamkulu kwambiri ndipo umakhala ndi mawonekedwe: nthenga zazifupi zolimba zofanana ndi auricles zimapezeka m'malo omwe amapezeka poyatsira. Khungu la chiwombankhanga limakhala ndi nthenga zamtundu wina, zofiirira. Zingwe zooneka bwino zakuda pamutu ndi kumbuyo.
Kachiwiri, mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri ya kadzidzi yomwe imasaka usiku wokha, chiwombankhanga chimakhala mbalame masana ndipo imawona bwino masana.
Ng'ombe zimadyedwa makamaka pamakung'onoting'ono ndi tizilombo, pomwe chiwombankhanga chimadyera pheasant, hares ndi agwape achinyamata. Nyama zamtunduwu zimakhala makamaka mu steppe zone. M'malo oterowo ndikothekera kwa kadzidzi kuti akafufuze chifukwa cha mapiko akulu.
Kadzidzi kumanzere, chiwombankhanga cha kumanja. Chithunzi Chojambulidwa: chipale chofewa, Lotse
Kadzidzi yoyera
Mtundu wa kadzidzi umakhala mu tundra, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri umatchedwa Arctic Owl. Mbalame yoyendayenda kumpoto chakutali, koma imatha kusaka kum'mwera kwenikweni.
Mtundu wa thupi ndi loyera, koma iris ndi chikaso chowala. Akuluakulu amakula mpaka 65 cm, ndipo ndiye woimira wamkulu kwambiri wa kadzidzi yemwe amakhala mu tundra.
Wamng'ono Wochepera Wokhala Ndi Kadzidzi
Mitunduyi idafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1867, ndipo nkhalango zaku Northwest America ndizomwe zimakhala. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, amatchedwanso Little Eagle Owl.
Zamoyozi zimakhala ngati chobisalira, ndipo mbalame nthawi yangozi imabisala masamba. Zachikazi zamtunduwu sizimakula kuposa 23 cm, ndipo mapiko ndi mainchesi 57. Amasaka tizilombo, komanso makoswe ang'onoang'ono, kudalira makutu awo ndi kupenya kwawo.
Mwa njira, patsamba lathu ambiri-be).ru mutha kudziwa zambiri zosangalatsa za tizilombo, komanso kusilira oyimira awo osadziwika kwambiri.
Eurasian Eagle Owl
Mwa banja lonse la kadzidzi, munthu wokhala ku Europe ndi amene amadyetsa kwambiri. Imasaka mahandwe mosavuta komanso ngakhale agalu ang'onoang'ono. Mapiko amatha kufikira 2 m, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira 60 mpaka 75 cm.
Ndikosavuta kuzindikira wokhala m'nkhalango ndi kulira kwakuti simungasokoneze ndi mawu a mbalame zina. Anthu ambiri ku Asia amawona kuti ndi yopatulika, ndipo nthawi zonse amachilemekeza monga "mfumu ya usiku mbalame zodya nyama."
Mzere wamamba
Mbalame yaying'ono yokongola yomwe imadya imakhala mu Central ndi South America. Ali ndi makutu a nthenga kapena mawonekedwe a nkhope.
Imakonda malo otseguka pomwe ndikosavuta kusaka makoswe. Itha kukhazikika munkhalango zamtunda, chifukwa nthawi zambiri imatha kupezeka mumzinda.
Namwali owl
Kumpoto kwa North America, ndiye woimira wamkulu wa banja la kadzidzi wamba. Chopambana kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi wachibale wake wa ku Europe.
Talandira dzina la mitundu yake ku US, komwe kadzidzi amapezeka koyamba. Makutu a nthenga amakhala pamutu, ndichifukwa chake kadzidzi amatchedwa Great Horned Owl.
Grey Owl
Mbalame yodabwitsa, yomwe mapiko ake amafikira 1.5 m, imakhala m'malo a taiga apadziko lapansi. Mutha kukumana ndi kadzidzi wamkulu m'nkhalango zam'mapiri, komwe amakhala m'mabowo.
Pansi pa mulomo, mbalameyo imakhala ndi malo amdima, chifukwa chomwe mtundu wa mitundu udapezedwa. Imasaka masana, ndipo makoswe ang'ono, nthawi zina agologolo, amalowa pachakudya.
White-Neotropic Owl
Wokakhala ku South America amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 44. Zikhozi zimakhala ndi mutu wosazolowereka wokhala ndi nsidze zachikasu komanso chingwe choyera pakhosi. Amakhala m'malo obisika osagwa mvula pamtunda wa 1,500 m pamwamba pa nyanja.
Mbalame yokhazikika yomwe imatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kulira. Amakhala moyo wamadzulo, ndipo masana amakhala pakati panthambi za mitengo. Amadyetsa mbalame, komanso tizilombo tambiri.
Himalayan Fish Owl
Mtunduwu udapezeka koyamba mu 1836, ndipo ndi dzina lake mutha kumvetsetsa kuti umakhala kumapiri a Himalaya. Zimapezekanso ku Thailand, India ndi China, zikukhazikika m'nkhalango momwe muli maiwe.
Imasaka chimodzimodzi usana ndi usiku. Zakudya, nsomba, makoswe ang'ono, nkhanu. Mtundu wa akazi ndi amuna ndi ofanana, koma zazikazi ndizokulirapo.
Splyushka
Kadzidzi kakang'ono kamakhala ku Europe, Central Asia ndi Middle East, koma nyengo yotentha ku Africa ndi yotentha. Chifukwa cha kufuula kwa mikhalidwe, komwe kumafanana ndi kuyimba kwamphamvu kwamaluu "kulavulira," malingaliro adapeza dzina.
Mbalame yosamukira ija imadyanso tizilombo ndi agulugufe, ndipo chifukwa cha kukula kwake kocheperako nthawi zambiri imagwira zolengedwa zazikazi zapakhomo. Iwulukira ku Russia pakati pa Epulo, ndipo imawulukira nthawi yozizira mu Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala.
Madagas yared owl
Chimakhala ku Madagascar kokha, ndikukhala pamalo okwera mamita 1,600 - 1,800 pamtunda wa chapakati ndi kumadzulo kwa chilumbachi. Ndi thupi lalikulu mpaka 50 cm, ndiye kadzidzi wamkulu kwambiri pachilumbacho.
Amakhala ndi moyo wosaka usiku, kusaka makoswe. Imasaka mosavuta m'nkhalango komanso m'malo momasuka. Zachikazi ndizokulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazimuna, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi ofanana.
California Owl Gnome
Ndi wa banja la passerines, ndipo mbalame yodya nyama imakhala ku North America. Kadzidzi zazing'onozi zimasaka masana okha, zimangodalira mawonekedwe awo abwino. Zomwe zimayamwa kwambiri ndi makoswe ndi tizilombo.
Mutu wake wokha ndi womwe ungadyedwe ndi omwe akuvutika nawo, koma tinthu tofewa ndi tizirombo. Munthawi yachisangalalo, yamphongo imatulutsa zolemba zisanu ndi zitatu pamasekondi. Akazi samakhala chete, koma amuna amafuula kuti ateteze gawo lawo.
Kadzidzi owil
Mtunduwu umakhala ndi mchira wautali, wopakidwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Mbalame yamtunduwu idapezeka koyamba ndikufotokozedwa mu 1771. Malo okhala ndi ochulukirapo, ndipo amayambira ku Scandinavia, kudutsa ku Russia konse mpaka ku zilumba za Kuril.
Imakhala m'mabowo a nkhalango zosakanikirana, pafupi m'mphepete mwa nkhalangoyi. Imasilira ma voles, koma imatha kuukira mbalame zazikulu ngati grouse wakuda kapena hazel grouse.
Cuban scoop
Mbalame yokongola yomwe ili ndi maso akumwetulira imangokhala kuzilumba za Cuba ndi Huventud, koma kulira kwake kumatikumbutsa mawu a chikko. Amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zonyowa komanso ma savannah.
Thupi lakumwamba la scoop ndi lakuda, koma m'munsi mwake ndilopepuka. Pamwambapo pali mikwingwirima iwiri yopepuka yofanana ndi nsidze. Amadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, koma amatha kuwukira mbalame zina.
Cape Eagle Owl
Wokakhala ku South Africa amakula mpaka 60 cm, ndipo akulemera pafupifupi 2 kg. Kadzidzi ya chiwombankhanga iyi imadziwika mosavuta ndi zokongola zake komanso makutu a nthenga.
Amakhala m'mapiri, koma amatha kusaka mu savannah. Itha kuukira nyama yomwe imachulukitsa kanayi kulemera kwake. Malinga ndi malowa, pali mitundu itatu yomwe imasiyana kukula kwake komanso mtundu wake.
Chinyama Cha Marble Owl
Amakhala m'nkhalango zomwe zimamera m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Africa, zomwe sizoyenera kuchita zachuma. M'nyengo yamvula, mitsinje iyi imasefukira, ndipo kadzidzi akhungu amasaka nsomba zomwe zimawoneka pamtunda.
Mtundu wa mutu ndi thupi ndi wamitundu mitundu, ndipo umasiyana kuchokera kutuwa wakuda mpaka bulawuni. Kutengera ndi malo okhalamo, mbalame zaimvi zimapezekanso.
Choyera chokhala ndi nkhope yoyera
Timamaliza kuyang'ana kwathu ndi zithunzi zokongola zoyera, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri - Kumwera ndi nkhope yoyera ya Kumpoto. Amakhala ku Africa kuno kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara.
Mtunduwu waphunzira kudzitchinjiriza mokwanira motsutsana ndi adani akunja. Pakakhala zoopsa, mbalameyi imatambasulira mapiko ake, komanso kutalikirana mochititsa chidwi kukula kwa thupi chifukwa cha nthenga. Makina oteteza oterowo adawonetsedwa pawonetsero wakanema wawayilesi waku Japan, omwe mafelemu ake adakwera mofulumira padziko lonse lapansi.
Pomaliza
Posachedwa, m'phanga lina kum'mwera kwa France, penti ya kadzidzi idapezeka, yomwe idasiyidwa ndi wojambula wa Paleolithic. Zidakwaniritsidwa, kale, anthu olakalaka usikuwa amakhala m'maganizo a anthu. Mwathunthu, kuthengo, kuli mitundu pafupifupi 200 ya kadzidzi yomwe imakhala pafupifupi mayiko onse padziko lapansi. Ambiri aiwo amalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira ndipo kusaka kwawo nkoletsedwa. Mbalame yayikulu yakudya imasaka usiku kapena madzulo, ndipo chakudya chachikulu ndi makoswe, njoka, achule.
Timalandila ndemanga zanu pankhaniyi!