Velociraptor (Lat. Velociraptor, from Lat. Velox - yachangu and raptor - hunter) - mtundu wamadinala odyetsa nyama kuchokera kubanja la Dromaeosaurid. Muli mtundu umodzi wodziwika - Velociraptor mongoliensis. Anakhala kumapeto kwa nthawi ya Cretaceous zaka 83-70 miliyoni zapitazo.
Mitembo yake imapezeka ku Republic of Mongolia ndi China Inner Mongolia. Panali oimira ena ochepa am'banja lake - deinonychus ndi achillobator - ndipo anali ndi zinthu zingapo zopitilira muyeso.
Velociraptor anali dinosaur yaying'ono, kutalika kwa 1.8 m, 60-70 cm kutalika ndi kulemera pafupifupi 20 kg. Anali ndi mutu wautali komanso wopindika kukwera kumtunda mpaka 25cm.Nsonga zam'mwamba komanso zotsika, mano 26-27 atakhala pakatikati ndikugwera kumbuyo kuti agwire ndikugwira nyama.
Mutu | Gulu | Gulu | Kufikira | Chigawo |
Velociraptor | Zotulutsa | Dinosaurs | Lizopharyngeal | Theropods |
Banja | Kutalika / kutalika | Kulemera | Komwe amakhala | Pomwe adakhala |
Dromaeosaurids | 60-70 cm / 1.8 m | mpaka 20 kg | Mongolia, China (China) | Nthawi yovuta (zaka 83-70 miliyoni zapitazo) |
Monga ambiri Theropods, Velociraptor anali ndi zala zinayi kumiyendo yake yakumbuyo, yomwe imodzi inali yopangidwira ndipo sinatenge nawo gawo, ndipo (ngati theropods) idalowa zala zitatu. Dromaeosaurids, kuphatikiza Velociraptor, adagwiritsa ntchito awiri okha: wachitatu ndi wachinayi.
Kachiwiri kunali kansalu wamkulu, wokumbika kolimba yemwe anakula mpaka 67 mm kutalika (m'mphepete lakunja). M'mbuyomu anthu ankawaganizira kuti ndi chida chachikulu chopha komanso kupha anthu amene awazunza. Komabe, zidatsimikiziridwa pambuyo pake poyesa kuti Velociraptor sanagwiritse ntchito izi ngati masamba (popeza kuti m'mphepete mwake yamkati imazunguliridwa, ndipo lingaliro lakuthwa silinapyole pakhungu la nyamayo, koma kungolibaya), mwachidziwikire amakhala ngati mbedza zomwe mdaniyo adagwiritsa ntchito adagwilira mnzake, kenako kumubaya
Kutsogolo kwa Velociraptor kunali zala zitatu. Loyamba linali lalifupi kwambiri, ndipo lachiwiri linatalikitsa.
Kusunthika kwa mchira wa Velociraptor kunachepetsedwa ndi kufalikira kwa mafupa a vertebrae kumtunda kwawo ndikuyika matayala am'munsi. Mafupa akutuluka kuchokera ku 4-10 vertebrae, yomwe idapereka kukhazikika pamiyendo, makamaka poyendetsa kuthamanga kwambiri.
Zotsalira (chigaza ndi zibowo zamiyendo yakumbuyo) kwa Velociraptor zidapezeka koyamba mu 1922 ku Mongolia ku Gobi Desert potulutsidwa ku Museum ya Zachilengedwe ya US. Mu 1924, woyang'anira nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, a Henry Osborne, adatchulapo izi papepala lotchuka la sayansi ndipo adatchulanso nyama yotchedwa Ovoraptor djadochtari, kenako nasintha dzina lake kukhala Velociraptor mongoliensis.
Njira yosaka
Mu 1971, mabwinja a Velociraptor ndi Protoceratops adapezeka, omwe adamwalira mchilala ndipo adayikidwa mumchenga. Anatilola kukonzanso magawo ambiri a njira yosakira Velociraptor. Malamba a miyendo yake yakumbuyo yomwe imapezeka m'khosi mwa protokalat mwina akufotokozera kuti Velociraptor anaukira mitsempha yamkati, mitsempha ndi minyewa ya womenyedwayo ndi thandizo lawo, osati khomo lam'mimba ndi ziwalo zofunika, monga momwe amaganizira kale.
Zomwe zidapezekanso za Velociraptor ndi anthu payekhapayekha, ndipo zomwe adasaka m'mapaketi sizikutsimikiziridwa. Achibale apafupi a Velociraptors - Deinonychus - amene amasaka kwambiri m'matumba, monga momwe amafukula magulu a anthu awo amapezeka nthawi zambiri.
Mapaipi ndi kutentha
Lingaliro la Velociraptor asadatsegule komanso kuchuluka kwa manambala
Ma Dromaeosaurids anali pafupi ndi mbalame, zomwe zimafanana kwambiri ndi oyimira banja lakale kwambiri omwe ali ndi zambiri zodziwika bwino. Ma dromaeosaurids oyambilira, Microraptor ndi Sinornithosaurus, anali ndi zinthu zowoneka ngati mbalame kuposa abale awo a Velociraptor, omwe amakhala zaka mamiliyoni angapo pambuyo pake. Otsalira a Velociraptors analibe zala za minofu yofewa, zomwe sizinatilole kudziwa ngati anali ndi nthenga zambiri.
Mu 2007, akatswiri angapo a paleontologists adafufuza zakupezeka kwa chifaniziro cha Velociraptor (IGM 100/981) pamatumba a ulnar - maphatikizidwe a nthenga zachiwiri, zofanana ndi mbalame zamakono. Malinga ndi akatswiri a paleontologists, izi zatsimikizira kuti ma velociraptors anali ndi kuchuluka.
Ubwenzi komanso kusinthika kwa ma velociraptors kwa mbalame zimakhala ndi mitundu iwiri:
Kawirikawiri mawonekedwe a avian (kuphatikiza maula) omwe amawonetsedwa mu dromaeosaurids akhoza kukhala kuti adalandira kuchokera kwa kholo limodzi - imodzi mwa magulu a coelurosaurs (mtundu wovomerezedwa nthawi zonse).
Ma Dromaeosaurids, kuphatikiza ma velociraptors, ndi mbalame zakale, mwina mwachiwiri zimataya mwayi wake wouluka (ngati nthiwatiwa). Ambiri paleontologists amakana mtundu uwu. Wothandizira wake wotchuka ndi American paleontologist Gregory Paul.
Zowonjezera za Velociraptors zimatanthawuza kukhetsa magazi kwawo. Nyama zokhala ndi magazi ozizira sizitha kuzimitsa kutentha, zimafunikira kutenthetsa chilengedwe, koma kuchuluka kwa mafupa kwamphamvu kwamatsenga kumakhala kochepa kuposa kwa mbalame zamakono ndi zolengedwa zomwe zimayang'anira pang'onopang'ono.
Maganizo olakwika
Velociraptor adatchuka kwambiri pambuyo pa filimu "Jurassic Park" (1993), yojambulidwa kutengera nkhani ya dzina lomweli la Michael Crichton (1990).
M'magawo onse awiriwa, zinthu zambiri za nyamazi ndizokhazikitsanso kukonzanso kwa Dromaeosaurid wina, deinonychus, chifukwa chakuti Michael Crichton adatsata dongosolo la Gregory Paul, pomwe deinonychus adayikidwa mu genelo Velociraptors pansi pa dzina la V. antirrhopus.
Mu bukuli, Crichton apanga pofikira: "... Deinonychus tsopano amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi wa Velociraptors" (palibe zomwe zasungidwa mu filimuyi). Zofukulidwa kumayambiriro kwa filimuyo ndi nkhaniyi zikuchitika ku Montana, komwe deinonychus, osati velociraptor, adagawidwa.
Mitundu yamakompyuta yomwe ili mufilimuyi ndi yayikulu kuposa V. mongoliensis, ndipo ndiofanana ndi deinonychus. M'bukuli, velociraptor amafotokozedwa kuti ndi wadyera kwambiri, wosaka m'magulu ogwirizana kwambiri, ngati munthu wanzeru kwambiri ndipo makamaka wamagazi, mu filimuyo ndiamene amakonda kuzunza anthu.
Ma Velociraptors amawonetsedwanso popanda nthenga mufilimuyi.
Velociraptor
Velociraptor - "Wakuba mwachangu"
Nthawi ya kukhalapo: Nthawi yovuta - pafupifupi zaka 83-70 miliyoni zapitazo
Gulu: Lizard-pelvic
Dongosolo: Theropods
Zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri pa theropod:
- anayenda miyendo yam'mbuyo yamphamvu
- anadya nyama
- Pakamwa pokhala ndi mano ambiri akuthwa, owongoka mkati
Makulidwe:
kutalika 1.8 m
kutalika 0,6 m
kulemera ndi 20 kg.
Chakudya: Mayaso ma dinosaurs
Tazindikira: 1922, Mongolia
Velociraptor ndi wotsogola pang'ono wa nthawi ya Cretaceous. Anapeza mbiri yapadera chifukwa cha filimu "Jurassic Park". Ma Velociraptors pamenepo adatchedwa ma dinosaurs olusa, omwe ali oyenera kufotokozedwa deinonychus. Komabe, izi "zimasangalatsa" velociraptor. Velociraptor ndi yaying'ono kukula kuposa Deinonychus, koma osakhala oopsa, othamanga komanso okhetsa magazi.
Chibowo cha Velociraptor
Mutu:
Chigoba cha Velociraptor ndichopendekera pang'ono komanso chaching'ono, chotalika pafupifupi 25. Panali mano pafupifupi 50 osongoka mkamwa ndikuwongoleredwa mizere ingapo. Mabowo omwe ali muchigoba cha dinosaur adapangitsa kuti chigaza chiwale kwambiri, ndipo Velocentric ndiyowonjezereka. Ubongo wa velocager, wa dinosaur, ndi wokulirapo. Mwina, Velociraptor, mwina ndi m'modzi mwa akatswiri anzeru kwambiri.
Velociraptor kapangidwe ka thupi:
Velociraptor anali ndi miyendo yayitali ya kumbuyo, zomwe zinaloleza kuti dinosaur apange liwiro labwino. Pa mwendo uliwonse wakumbuyo panali khwangwala wooneka ngati chikwakwa, pomwe Velociraptor adavulaza mabala ake. Monga maropropod onse, velociraptor anali ndi zala zinayi kumiyendo yawo yakumbuyo, imodzi yomwe inali yopanikizika ndipo sanachite nawo poyenda. Zatsogola sizinapangidwe bwino. Panali zala zitatu pachilichonse cha Velociraptor. Loyamba linali lalifupi kwambiri, ndipo lachiwiri ndilo lalitali kwambiri. Iwo a dinosaur adagwira nyama yake. Mchira wautali unkayendetsa kutsogolo kwa thupi ndikuthandizira kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri.
Khungu la Velociraptor:
Lero, kutsutsana kwakukulu kuzungulira Velociraptor ndi momwe kumawonekera. Chidacho choterechi chimakhala chikuwonetsedwa ndi khungu lobiriwira, koma zaposachedwa pomwepo chimawonetsedwa ndi nthenga zoyambira, zowoneka bwino, zowala.
Mu paleontology yamakono, malingaliro a ubale wa dromaeosaurids, omwe amaphatikizapo velociraptor, ndi mbalame, amavomerezeka.
Mu 2007, akatswiri angapo a paleontapo adanenanso za kupezeka kwa chifanizo cha Velociraptor wa mafupa akum'mimba, otanthauzira ngati nthenga za nthenga zachiwiri. Mbalame zamakono zili ndi ma tubercles. Malinga ndi akatswiri a paleontologists, izi zidatilola kuzindikira kuti velociraptor anali ndi kuchuluka.
Kupezeka kwa nthenga mu Velociraptor komanso kuyandikira kwa mbalame kumatha kukhala ndi malongosoledwe awiri okhudzana ndi chisinthiko:
1. Kawirikawiri mawonekedwe a avian (kuphatikiza maula) otchulidwa mu dromaeosaurids amachokera ku cholowa kuchokera kwa kholo limodzi. Malinga ndi izi, ma Dromaeosaurids ndi mbalame zimachokera ku gulu limodzi la ma coelurosaurs. Mafotokozedwe awa nthawi zambiri amavomerezedwa.
2. Dromaeosaurids, kuphatikizapo velociraptor, ndi mbalame zakale zomwe zatha kulephera kuuluka. Chifukwa chake, velociraptor satha kuuluka, monga nthiwatiwa. Hypothesis iyi siodziwika bwino pakati paopaletologists ambiri.
OHot Velociraptor:
Asanafufuze zolembera zoyambilira za Velociraptor, ma dinosaurs anali kuonedwa kuti ndi zolengedwa zopanda nzeru komanso zopanda nzeru kwambiri. Komabe, velociraptor anali wothamanga wobadwa. Kuchokera kwa ambulansi, mwachangu adathamangira kwa womenyedwayo. Nyama zowomberedwa ndi Velociraptor zidalibe mwayi wopulumutsidwa. Wogwirizirayo, atagona, adalumphira kumbuyo kwake ndikuyesera kuti alumikizire mano ake pakhosi, kuti awonongeke kapena kuluma mitsempha yamagazi. Pambuyo pake, anavulaza mabala achivundi ndi bulawu, ndikung'amba thupi. Mchira wautali unathandizira kukhalabe ndi malire.
Pali mtundu womwe velociraptors, ngati abale awo a deinonychus, amasakidwa m'magulu. Koma mosiyana ndi iwo, manda okhala ndi ma velociraptors sanapezekebe. Chifukwa chake, kunena kuti Velociraptors osakidwa m'matumba sizotheka.
Wosaka ndi wozunzidwa:
Ma Velociraptor ndi ma protoceratops ndi amodzi mwazinthu zosavuta kwambiri za "mlenje ndi nyama" pakati pa dinosaurs. Mu 1971, akatswiri opanga ma paleont omwe amagwira ntchito ku Chipululu cha Gobi anali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi mwayi. Adapeza mafupa a ma dinosaurs awiri - velociraptor ndi ma protoceratops - nyama yolusa ndi nyama yake, ikuphatana. |