Masiku ano, pali mitundu yoposa miliyoni miliyoni ya tizilombo touluka komanso zokwawa pansi. Kuposa 90% ya mitundu yonse ya moyo ndi momwe ilili. Tizilombo timakhala ndi kubereka mosiyanasiyana, ndipo zambiri zimaluma.
Tizilombo touluka tikuluma titha kufalitsa matenda ambiri ndikuthandizira kukula kwa mitundu yonse ya tizilombo, ma virus ndi mabakiteriya.
Nkhaniyi imatchulanso tizilombo tambiri tambiri tambiri, tomwe timaluma ndipo timayamwa poizoni, ndipo potero timathandizira kufalitsa matenda ambiri.
1. Nthaka
Tizilombo timeneti tating'onoting'ono timene timadya timagazi ta magazi tating'onoting'ono. Mitambo ya makoswe imatha kufalitsa anthu.
Ngati matendawa afalikira kwa anthu, amatha kupha. Kulumwa kwakhanda kumayambitsa matupi awo kusokonekera, kutupa ndi zotupa.
2. nsikidzi zakugona
Izi majeremusi oluma ndi yaying'ono, yolimba, tizilombo. Nsikidzi zimadya magazi a anthu ndi magazi a nyama yamagazi ofunda. Kwenikweni, nsikidzi za pabedi zimayendetsedwa usiku, osawoneka.
Pafupifupi tizinthu tating'onoting'ono 26 timadziwika timene timakhala mkati mwa kachilomboka komanso mkamwa mwake. Kuchokera pakulumwa ndi cholakwika, mabampu ofiira amakhalabe pakhungu, omwe amayambitsa kuyabwa kwambiri.
3. udzudzu wa Malungo
Udzudzu wachikazi ulume khungu la wozunzidwayo ndi khungu loonda, pamapeto pake pali magulu awiri odula. Ndi masamba omwe amathandizira kubaya khungu lakuda la munthu. Udzudzu wambiri wa malungo umanyamula matenda oopsa a dzina lomweli - malungo.
Matendawa ndi oopsa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amapha. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa ndi zizindikiro zofala: nseru, kutentha thupi komanso kuzizira.
4. nyerere zofiira
Poizoni wa nyerere yofiira siimakupha anthu, koma imatha kukhala yowopsa kwa anthu achisoni. Popeza anthu ena pambuyo kuluma amatha kumva kwambiri anaphylaxis - thupi lawo siligwirizana ndi poyizoni.
Kulumidwa ndi nyerere ndi zopatsirana chifukwa chake kumasintha kukhala zipsera.
5. Ma Hornets
Achi Japan ndi aku Asia omwe ali ndi poizoni wakupha, amapha anthu pafupifupi 80 chaka chilichonse. Poizoniyo amakhala ndi acetylcholine wambiri, amene amatha kupukusa minofu ya thupi ndikupangitsa kupweteka kwambiri.
Tizilomboti timaluma kamodzi kokha m'miyoyo yawo, koma izi ndizokwanira kuchititsa mantha ndi mantha mwa anthu.
7. Mites
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tili tating'onoting'ono tambiri, chifukwa chake sawoneka ndi maso aanthu. Tchiki yakunyumba imakhala ndi utoto woyera, imakhala fumbi ndipo imadyera zinyalala za anthu ndi nyama.
Nthata za fumbi siziluma, koma zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto ambiri. Monga lamulo, mavuto opumira amapezeka. Mawonekedwe a ziwengo amatha kukhala oopsa, kutsokomola, kusisima komanso mphuno.
Maso amathanso madzi, zotupa zimatha kuwoneka, ndipo zovuta zakudya zam'mimba zimatha.
8. Kutchera mitengo
Chingwe cha nkhuni chimadziwika kufalitsa matenda monga encephalitis, matenda a laimu, typhoid, malungo, ndi matenda ena owopsa opatsirana.
Mitundu yonse ya nkhupakupa imakhala ndi kuswana mu udzu wautali komanso zitsamba. M'malo omwewo amayembekeza omwe amawazunza ndikuwawukira.
9. nyerere zaku Africa
Nyerere za ku Africa zimadyanso akangaude, mbewa, ndi tizilombo tina touluka komanso zokwawa. Zamoyo zakufa izi zimatha kukwera pansi pa zovala za munthu ndikuluma ngati sizikuyembekezera.
Kuluma kwa nyerere yaku Africa kumangochitika nthawi yomweyo. Nyerere Zoluma ndizowopsa makamaka kwa ana ang'ono ndi okalamba. Kuluma kumayambitsa kukhumudwa kwadzidzidzi. Chaka chilichonse, anthu opitilira 50 amwalira chifukwa chakumwa ndi nyerere zaku Africa.
10. Tsetse ntchentche
Nthawi zambiri, Tsetse ntchentche amatchedwa ntchentche, koma kwenikweni, tizilombo izi zimakhala ngati midges akulu. Tsetse amadya magazi a ma vertebrates, panthawi yakulumidwa ndi ntchentche yokhala ndi malovu inj inj trypanosomiasis mwa wolasidwa.
Matendawa omwe amapezeka pambuyo pake amatchedwa carotid fever. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi: kutentha thupi, kupweteka mutu, komanso kupweteka. Chaka chilichonse, anthu opitilira 300 amwalira chifukwa cholumidwa ndi Tsetse.
Kulumwa ndi tizirombo
Tizilombo tina tonse tomwe tili m'ndimeyi ndiopsa kwa anthu. Koma mutha kudziteteza kuopha tating'onoting'ono ngati muvala zovala zazitali manja ndi thalauza lalitali. Gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zina monga othamangitsa, kuwapopera pa nsapato ndi zovala. Gwiritsani ntchito maukonde a udzudzu m'malo awo.
Mutha kutetezanso nyumba yanu ndi maukosi a udzudzu, ma spirala ndi maukonde a udzudzu, zomwe zingakhale cholepheretsa kuluma kwa tizilombo. Koma kumbukirani nthawi yomweyo kuti obwezeretsa sayenera kugwera mabala otseguka ndikuti angayambitse mkwiyo.
Zobwezeretsa sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi amayi oyembekezera komanso othamangitsa, amayeneranso kusungidwa kuti ana asawapeze. Pewani kuyenda pafupi ndi madambo, minda yomwe ili ndi udzu wandiweyani komanso nkhalango zowirira, ndi pomwe tizilombo tokulira timadikira.
Buluzi woyendayenda waku Brazil
Amadziwikanso kuti Teleutria, akangaude oyendayenda aku Brazil ndi zolengedwa zapoizoni zomwe zimakhala ku South America ndi Central America. Mu Guinness Book of World Records mu 2010, kangaude wamtunduwu amatchedwa kangaude wakupha kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Spider sumu yamtunduwu imakhala ndi neurotoxin yamphamvu yotchedwa PhTx3. Pazovuta zakumaso, neurotoxin iyi imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu ndikuwongolera, kupangitsa kuti ziwume ndipo pamapeto pake. Kuluma kwapweteka pang'ono, poizoni kumayambitsa matenda amitsempha yamagazi, kulowa mu ziwalo zamagazi mu 85% kumayambitsa kulephera kwa mtima. Odwala amadziona ngati ovuta kwambiri pamoyo, mwa amuna nthawi zina amayambitsa kukonzekera. Pali mankhwala ochepetsa mavutowa ndi maantibayotiki, koma chifukwa cha kuvulaza kwambiri thupi ndi poyizoni, njira yochotsetsedwayo imakhala yofanana ndi mwayi wovutitsidwa.
Chinsinsi
Ma chala sakhala pachiwopsezo chachindunji kwa anthu, amatenga mbali yofunika kwambiri pazachilengedwe, kuposa apo, pazikhalidwe zina amathanso kudyedwa. Koma nthawi imodzimodzi, ana achichepere amatha kuwononga kwambiri malo, nthawi zina kumapangitsa nyumba kukhala zosayenera nyumba.
Mphutsi ndi majeremusi opanda mapiko omwe amadya tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta khungu, magazi ndi zina zotupa za thupi. Nthawi zambiri, anthu amanyamula tizilombo, ndipo mwachilengedwe pali mitundu pafupifupi khumi ndi isanu. Ngakhale kuti nsabwe, nsabwe sizimabweretsa chiwopsezo ku thanzi la anthu, zimatha kukhala zonyamula matenda.
Chowoneka Chofiyira
Chaka chilichonse, nkhata yamiyendo yakuda imapatsira anthu masauzande ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Lyme, omwe amayamba ndi kuzungulira mozungulira kuluma komwe kumawoneka ngati diso la ng'ombe. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zimaphatikizapo kupweteka kwa mutu komanso kutentha thupi. Ndi chitukuko chowonjezera cha matendawa, wozunzidwayo amayambanso kuvutika ndi mavuto amthupi. Ndi ochepa omwe amafa ndi kuluma kumeneku, koma zotsatirapo zake zimatha kupitilira kwa zaka zambiri pambuyo pokumana ndi zisudzo.
Nthani nyerere
Cholengedwa choyamba pamndandanda wathu chomwe chili chowopsa pam tanthauzo lenileni la mawuwa ndi nyerere zokamba, zomwe zimadziwika chifukwa cha nkhanza zawo. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya nyerere, zosokera sizimapanga zolemba zawozomwe zimakhala nazo. M'malo mwake, amapanga magulu omwe amasuntha kuchokera kumalo ena kupita kwina. Zidyerazizi zimangoyendayenda tsiku lonse, kusaka tizilombo komanso tiana tating'ono. M'malo mwake, gulu lonse lathunthu limatha kupha tizirombo toposa theka miliyoni miliyoni tsiku limodzi.
Ngakhale kuti mavu ambiri sakhala pachiwopsezo chilichonse, mitundu ina ya iwo, monga ma Germany aku North America, ndi akulu ndipo amatha kukhala ankhanza kwambiri. Ngati akuwoneka kuti ali pachiwopsezo kapena akawona gawo lawukira m'gawo lawo, akhoza kuluma mobwerezabwereza ndi kuwawa kwambiri. Amawalembera adani awo ndipo nthawi zina amawatsatira.
Mkazi Wamasiye
Ngakhale kuti mbola ya mkazi wamasiye wakuda imakhala yowopsa kwa anthu chifukwa cha neurotoxins yomwe imatulutsidwa panthawi yoluma, ngati chithandizo chamankhwala chofunikira chikaperekedwa munthawi yake, zotsatira zakuluma zidzangokhala ndi zowawa zina zokha. Tsoka ilo, kumwalira kwadzidzidzi kuchokera kuluma kwa Mkazi Wamasiye kunachitika.
1. Anopheles kapena udzudzu wa malungo
Tizilombo timeneti, tokhala ndi mtundu wa Diptera, titha kunyamula matenda a malariya, omwe ndi parasitic mthupi la munthu, nkumayambitsa malungo mwa iye. Udzudzuwu umagwira kwambiri dzuwa litalowa komanso kutentha kwambiri kuposa madigiri 10. Amayi okha ndi omwe ali ndi magazi, omwe, akulumpha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, amadzitenga okha ndikufalitsa kachilombo kwa otsatirawa. Kwa masiku 4 mpaka 40 okhala m'thupi la udzudzu, malasal plasmodium imatha kukhwima ndikuchulukana, ndipo udzudzu womwewo umasandulika gwero la matenda kwa masiku 16-45. Anthu opitilira 500 miliyoni amadwala malungo chaka chilichonse, ndipo kwa 3 miliyoni a iwo, kukumana ndi udzudzu umapha. Imfa yayikulu kwambiri ku malungo imawonedwa ku Africa, komwe kwachulukitsidwa ndi mkhalidwe womvetsa chisoni wamankhwala am'deralo.
2. Nyerere zofiira
Asayansi amati nyerere za moto wofiira ndi mtundu woopsa kwambiri komanso wankhanza wa tizilombo touluka. Mtundu wawo ndi wofiirira, ndipo kuluma kwa womenyedwayo kumafanana ndi moto woyaka, chifukwa chake mawu akuti "moto" m'dzina. Kukula kwa nyerere izi ndizochepa - 2-6 mm. Zambiri mwa mitundu ya tizilombo izi zidapezeka mkati mwa South America, koma anthu adazinyamula mwangozi kupita kumalo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, komwe zidakakhazikitsidwa. Kwa munthu amene akudwala chifuwa cham'mimba, poizoni wamphamvu komanso mbola yamphamvu ya nyerere yofiira ndi ngozi yayikulu. Pamalo olumidwa, munthu amakhala ndi mwayi wounikira moto wotseguka, womwe umangowonjezeka ndi nthawi. Zikuwatsutsanso ngati chiswe chija chikuopseza phiri lawolo. Kenako gulu lonse la nyerere limayambitsa kuukiralo ndi kuyamba kulira mopanda chisoni ndi wozunzidwayo. Pafupifupi anthu 30 amafa ndi kulumwa kwawo chaka chilichonse.
3. Lonomia
Pakati pa mayendedwe odekha komanso owoneka kuti alibe chidwi, palinso zolengedwa zowopsa. Gulugufe wa gulugufe wachidule wa Lonomia amakhala m'nkhalango zachilengedwe za ku South America, ndipo anthu am'derali amadzitcha "ulesi waulesi". Izi mbozi zaubweya zimaphimbidwa modabwitsa pakati pa mitengo yobiriwira, kotero mutha kuvutika mwangozi mukakumana nayo. Mbozi imakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola - owala, okongola, yokutidwa mbali zonse ndi villi yayitali. Koma ilinso ndi poizoni wamphamvu kwambiri, yemwe ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti magazi amayamba kuthyoka mwachangu mwa munthu wovulala, impso zimalephera, kukha magazi muubongo ndipo ziwalo zina zimatha kuchitika. Maselo ofiira a m'magazi amayamba kusokonekera, zotupa zingapo zam'mimba zimachitika. Kunja, izi zikuwonetsedwa ngati mawonekedwe a zilonda zazikulu pakhungu.
Ngati munthu akwanitsa "kubaya" zingapo mwazomwezi nthawi imodzi, ndiye kuti adzafa - kutaya magazi kwambiri kumayambira mwachangu, zomwe zidzatsogolera kutha ndi kufa kwa womenyedwayo. Tsoka ilo, mbozi zachuma nthawi zambiri zimawoneka m'minda ya zipatso, pomwe alimi aku Brazil amabwera mwangozi. Zotsatira zake, anthu 10-30 amafa chaka chilichonse, ndipo enanso ambiri amakhalabe olumala.
4. Malipenga akuluakulu
A gigantic hornets amakhala m'malo ambiri ku Asia: ku China, India, Nepal, Korea, Japan, ngakhale ku Primorsky Territory, anthu otere adadziwika. Kutalika kwa zimphona izi kumatha kupitirira masentimita 5, ali ndi nsagwada zamphamvu kwambiri komanso kutalika kosangalatsa (6 mm), komwe amaboola khungu la munthu mosavuta. Olusa mwaukaliyo amadzidzidzimutsa popanda chifukwa chapadera, ndipo kulimbana naye popanda thandizo lakunja ndizovuta kwambiri. Kuukira, woliza lipenga mobwerezabwereza amatulutsa mbola, ndi jakisoni aliyense, akumabaya gawo latsopano la poizoni. Amachita zopweteka kwambiri, kwinaku akuwononga minofu ya minofu. Katswiri wina wamaphunziro ku Japan yemwe anagwidwa ndi nyanga ngati imeneyi adanenanso kuti kuluma kwake kunali ngati msomali wotentha. Anthu 30-70 amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa chakulumidwa ndi lipenga lalikulu.
5. nyerere zankhondo
Padziko lapansi pali mitundu yambiri ya nyerere, ndipo zambiri mwa izo ndizowopsa. Izi zikuphatikiza nyerere za ankhondo, omwe ndi gulu la nyerere ogwira ntchito ndi chiswe. Kusowa m'maso kumawapangitsa kukhala owopsa okha, chifukwa amukira chilichonse chomwe chili ndi mnofu ndi magazi - ntchentche, njovu kapena munthu. Omenyera awa amasamukira m'malire, koma samamanga anthill, kotero kukodwa munjira yawo sikuwoneka kokwanira. Nyerere yamtunduwu imakhala ndi thupi lalikulu, mpaka masentimita atatu. Ali ndi zida zolimba zazitali, zomwe zimawulula mnofu mosavuta. Atapanga dzenje, nyererezi zimakwera chilonda ndikupitiliza kuwononga minofu, zomwe zimapatsa wovulalayo ululu wosaneneka. Amadziwikanso mophiphiritsa kuti "imfa yamoyo." Zambiri mwa nyerere zotere mu sabata zimatha kudzata njovu, ndipo pamakhala tsiku lochuluka kwa munthu.
6. Njuchi yakupha yakuda
Choopsa chachikulu cha njuchi izi ndichipongwe chawo ndikufunitsitsa kulanda magawo atsopano. Ngati njuchi wamba sizigunda mng'oma popanda chowopsetsa, ndiye kuti mtanda pakati pa njuchi zaku Africa ndi njuchi zina utha kugunda chilichonse chomwe chimayandikira. Amachita izi modzitchinjiriza, ndipo poizoni wa munthu aliyense samakhala wofooka kuposa njoka. Njuchi imodzi yakuphayo siyingavulaze kwambiri, koma ngati ili yochuluka, ndiye kuti wogwiridwayo ayambanso kuvuta, ndikusintha mwadzidzidzi, ndipo nthawi zambiri imatha. Njuchi yoswedwa ndi anthu ndizosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi njuchi wamba. Ngozi yawo ili pachiwonetsero chachikulu cha kutengera chikhalidwe chatsopano, chifukwa, atawonekera ku Brazil, adafalikira pang'onopang'ono ku America, kenako kulowera kummawa, ndikuwononga mitundu ina ya njuchi.
7. Tsetse ntchentche
Ntchentche iyi ya ku Africa ndiyonso imodzi mwazilombo zoopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi, chifukwa imatha kufalikira kwa munthu amene akuluma chifukwa cha matenda ogona. Matendawa akhala akudziwika kwanthawi yayitali, koma madokotala sanapeze njira yodalirika yolimbana ndi matendawa. Matendawa akamakula mwa munthu, kusokonezeka kwakukulu pakugwira ntchito kwamanjenje kumachitika, kugona kumawonedwa, chikumbumtima chimasokonekera. M'mavuto ovuta kwambiri, chikomokere ndi zotsatira zakupha zimatha kuchitika. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi theka la miliyoni la anthu ali ndi matendawa kum'mwera kwa Sahara, ndipo imfa yayitali imayembekezera ambiri aiwo.
8. Ant Bullet
Woyimira wina wowopsa wa nyerere kuchokera ku South ndi Central America, yemwe amakonza zisa zawo pamitengo, m'makorona omwe nyerere izi zimagwira ntchito yopanga, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, imasambira kwa omwe akuvutikira. Nyerere za bullet zimakhala ndi poizoni wamphamvu (wamphamvu kuposa njuchi iliyonse kapena mavu). Amawabaya ndi kukoka kwamphamvu mpaka 3,5 mm kutalika. Munthu amakumana ndi ululu woopsa kuchokera kuluma, kukumbukira ululu wam'mbuyo chifukwa cha bala la mfuti masana, chifukwa chake tizilomboti amatchedwa "nyerere-maola 24." Panthawi imeneyi, munthu amazunzidwa kwambiri komanso anakhumudwa kwambiri. Mafuko angapo aku India omwe amakhala m'mapiri a mvula adasunga mwambo wa kuyambitsanso anyamatawa, pomwe adayika chida chapadera pam mkono wawo kwa mphindi 10, pomwe nyerere za chipolopolo zimakhalapo. Zomverera zimakhala ngati munthu akaika dzanja lake mulu wa makala amoto. Pambuyo pake, kwakanthawi, woyambitsayo amaphimba ziwalo, ndipo kuluma kumadetsa khungu.
9. Ming'alu ya Triatom
Alinso ndi dzina lina, lopanda tanthauzo - nsikidzi zakupsompsona, chifukwa zolengedwa izi, zomwe muli mitundu 130, zimakonda kuluma munthu pafupi ndi milomo yawo. Zili zofalikira kumadera otentha a South ndi Central America, Africa, Asia ndi Australia. Zambiri zamtunduwu zimadya zakudya zam'mera, koma pali majeremusi omwe amamwa magazi kuchokera kwa anthu ndi nyama zazikulu. Amayenera kugunda munthu usiku, akagona, ndikukumba milomo. Umu ndi momwe angamupatsire kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa matenda a Chagas. Kuchokera pakupsompsonana kwamphamvu kwausiku, mpaka anthu pafupifupi 12,000 amafa chaka chilichonse. Kuluma kocheperako, komwe munthu samamvanso, kumayambitsa mavuto ena mthupi omwe sangathetsedwe popanda thandizo lamankhwala.
10. Gadfly
Timalidziwa bwino gulugufe wachizolowezi, yemwe amaluma mopweteka, koma osatinso zina. Koma pali mtundu wina wapadera wa khungu la munthu, chiopsezo chomwe chimakhala mu mphutsi zake zamasamba. Zovala zoterezi zimakhala ku South ndi Central America. Yaikazi ya mbewa yotere imayikira mazira pakhungu la anthu kapena nyama zina. Mphutsi zosemedwazo zimatha kudutsa pakhungu ndikukhazikika pansi miyezi iwiri. Munthu amatha kumva kuyenderera kwa mphutsi pansi pa khungu. Mphutsizo zikakhwima kwathunthu, zimachoka m'thupi la alendo ochereza, zomwe panthawi yopatula sizimva zosangalatsa kwambiri. Maonekedwe osawoneka bwino komanso opweteka kwambiri a mphutsi izi adaziyika pakati pa tizilombo tosangalatsa kwambiri.
Mtumiki wina woyimira gulugufe ndi agulugufe am'mimba, omwe ndi amodzi mwa ntchentche zazikulu kwambiri. Koma ndiowopsa kwa nkhosa. Akazi amtunduwu amaba juzi mpaka 40 mphuno ya nkhosa yosauka nthawi. Kenako amadyetsa tinthu timene takulandirani kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asterosis ya nkhosa ikhale mwa iye.
Manja Mapazi. Lembetsani ku gulu lathu la VKontakte ndikuwerengera nkhani zathu zonse!
Chisoti chofiyira
Izi "ziweto" ndizachilendo, amasankha zipinda zofunda kuti azikhala pafupi ndi chakudya ndi madzi. Amadyera zopangidwa ndi anthu, ndipo popanda iwo, amatha kudya mapepala ndi zikopa. Phukusi lofiira ndi owopsa chifukwa, kuyenda malo osiyanasiyana okhalamo, kuphatikiza zimbudzi, zotayira, etc., kumanyamula mazira ambiri owopsa ndi mazira a helminth pawokha. Malo oyandikana ndi amenewa amawopseza munthu chifukwa cha matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kamwazi, meningitis, salmonella ndi ena.
Chithandizo cha pabedi
Zimatanthauzira kuti tizirombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi la anthu ndi nyama. Yokhazikika m'malo okhala kuti ikhale pafupi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Nsikidzi zimasautsa anthu usiku, ndipo masana amabisala m'malo obisika. Kuluma kwa kachilombo kakang'ono kameneka, komwe nkovuta kuwona, kumayambitsa kuyipa kosasangalatsa ndipo kumatha kuyambitsa ziwengo.
Utoto wokwera
Utoto wamtunduwu umabweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu kwa anthu. Kuphatikiza makamaka makoswe, amafalitsa matenda a bacillus, tularemia, encephalitis ndi matenda ena kuchokera ku nyama kupita ku chinyama. Ndipo makoswewo, amafalitsa matendawa mosavuta, akupatsira munthu kachilomboka. Nthawi zina, utitiri umaluma ziweto ndi anthu. Kuphatikiza pa zowawa komanso kuyuma pamalowo pakuluma, munthu amatha kupweteka mutu, kutentha thupi komanso zizindikiro zina zosasangalatsa.
Chingwe cha anthu
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono iti timene timadyedwa ndimagazi a anthu, kutengera malo omwe tadalitsidwira thupi, ndi amitundu iwiri: mutu ndi thupi. Nsabwe za m'mutu sizivulaza, ngakhale kuyanjana nawo kumapangitsa anthu kusasangalala. Kuluma kwawo kumayambitsa khungu, matenda osiyanasiyana amatha kudzera m'mabala. Mkwatibwi wobadwira ndiye woyamba kunyamula matenda oopsa - mliri wa typhus.
Nyerere yofiyira
Kuluma kwa tizilombo izi ndi zofanana ndikumalingalira kuti wapsa pamoto, pomwe adapatsidwa dzina. Mtundu wa nyererezi, womwe umangokhala ku Brazil kokha, unangobweretsedwa mosiyanasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, momwe unasinthiratu ndikusintha moyo ndi moyo watsopano. Poizoni wa nyerere yofiyira yomwe ikuluma imatha kusokoneza, ngakhale kufa.
Ntundu wa ant
Nyererezi zimakhala ndi moyo wosadukiza. Amasuntha malo ndi banja lonse lalikulu laubwenzi, nthawi yoyenda imatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Nyererezi zimayima kuti zimayikira mazira okha ndipo anthu atsopano ammalo mwake amapezeka ndi omwe amapanga kale. Pomwe nyerere zosankhika zimakhala ku Africa, mayiko a Asia ndi South America. Kuluma kwamtundu wamtunduwu kumapha anthu okhawo omwe sakonda. Vuto linanso lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha tizilomboti ndi loti amasesa chilichonse chomwe chikuyenda, kuphatikizapo zoweta.
Ntchentche
Tizilombo timeneti ndiofala kumwera kwa Europe ndi Russia, kumpoto kwa Africa komanso ku China. Amtundu wa ntchentche zaimvi, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kubereka mitembo ya nyama. Ndi gawo ili lomwe likuwopseza ziweto ndi anthu, chifukwa ntchentche imatha kuyika mphutsi yake pachilonda, kudula kapena mucous nembanemba. Kukula, mphutsi zimayamba kudya tinthu tamoyo ndi minofu yaumunthu. Kusunthira mkati mwa thupi, kumapangitsa kupweteka, m'malo omwe kuli anthu ambiri, pamakhala kutupa ndi kutulutsa.
Cordylobia anthropophaga
Ntchentche ina yomwe imaphukira m'thupi la munthu. Ntchentche zamtunduwu zili ponseponse kuzungulira Africa ndi ku Saudi Arabia. Tizilombo timayikira mazira pamchenga kapena zovala zofowoka mkodzo kapena thukuta, ndipo mphutsizo zimadikirira wodikirira. Akakhudzana ndi khungu laumunthu, amayamba kulimbira mwachangu mkati mwake, chifukwa cha zomwe myiasis yotentha imayamba kupezeka m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, nyongolotsi zimakhala m'thupi la munthu mpaka masiku 15, kenako zimatuluka ndikupita kukasenda pansi.
Megalopyge opercularis
Chingwe cha shaggy ichi cha mtundu wa njenjete chaposachedwa chimatchedwa kuti mbozi ya a Donald Trump, chifukwa chofanana ndi tsitsi lake. Koma mawonekedwe okongola ndi opusa a tizilombo awa ndiwosocheretsa. Ubweya womwe umabisala thupi la mbozi umakhala ndi ubweya wokhala ndi ma spikes oyipa. Munthu akaganiza zokuta mbozi, amakhala pachiwopsezo chotenga jekeseni wamphamvu kwambiri. Ikakumana ndi khungu laumunthu, minga imakumbamo ndikuphwanya, ndipo poizoniyo imayambitsa chidwi champhamvu. Makamaka anthu omwe atha kuzunzika amatha kumva chizungulire komanso kusanza. Tizilombo timeneti ndiofala ku United States, Mexico, ndi kumpoto kwa Central America.
Tizilombo touluka ndi ntchentche zazikulu. Padziko lonse lapansi, pali mitundu yoposa 170 ya ma gadget, omwe m'modzi yekha adzaukire anthu - Dermatobia hominis, yemwe amakhala ku Central America. Ndimaganizidwe olakwika omwe ambiri amakhala kuti amalumpha amaluma kwambiri. M'malo mwake, alibe pakamwa kapena mano, motero izi sizingatheke. Kuopsa kwa tizilomboti kumakhala m'miphutsi yawo, yomwe poyambira imayamba kukhala ndi thupi la munthu kapena la mayi. Kamodzi m'thupi, mphutsi zimayamba kudya thupi ndi minofu, ndikupangitsa myiasis.
Mwana wamkazi wamkaka
Ngakhale kuti amiseche amtunduwu a Megalopyge opercularis amawoneka okongola komanso osalala, musapusitsidwe ndi mawonekedwe awo opeka, chifukwa ndi owopsa kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri anthu amakhulupirira kuti tsitsilo likuyaka, koma zenizeni zimapangitsa kuti poizoniyo amasulidwe kudzera pazovala zobisala mu "malaya" awa. Zovala zake zimakhala zopanda pake ndipo zimakhalabe pakhungu pakukhudza. Poizoniyo amachititsa kuti pakhale chidwi chozungulira m'deralo, mutu, chizungulire, kusanza, kupweteka m'mimba, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ndipo, nthawi zina, kumangidwa kwamapumidwe.
Lonomia obliqua
Gulugufe wa gulugufe wochokera ku banja la peacock-eye amatha kupezeka m'malo amvula, m'minda ya zipatso komanso m'minda yam'midzi kumayiko ena aku Latin America. Thupi la mboziyo lakutidwa ndi ma spikes oopsa omwe amabaya khungu la munthu mosavuta. Pambuyo polumikizana ndi lonomia, poizoni amalowa m'magazi, omwe amachepetsa kugunda kwake. Pakapita kanthawi kochepa, munthu amatulutsa magazi mkati, zotupa m'matumbo, kuphatikizanso muubongo, zomwe zingayambitse imfa.
Maphokoso
Chimodzi mwa nsikidzi zotchuka kwambiri, tambala amadziwika kuti amanyamula matenda ambiri owopsa kwa anthu. Choopsa chachikulu chokhalira limodzi ndi maphemwe ndikuti amalowa m'mbale zimbudzi, ndowa ndi malo ena komwe mabakiteriya amadzisonkhanitsa, ndipo chifukwa chake, amakhala onyamula. Mapopa atha kukhala oyambitsa matenda ambiri: kuyambira mphutsi ndi kamwazi mpaka chifuwa chachikulu ndi typhoid. Manjala amatha kunyamula bowa, zinthu zachilengedwe, mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi. Ndipo ichi ndi chosangalatsa - amatha kukhala miyezi yambiri popanda chakudya ndi madzi.
Tizilombo ta majeremusi
Mphutsi za parasitic ndi mtundu wa majeremusi a eukaryotic. Nyongolotsi zambiri zamtunduwu zimadziwika kuti zimangokhala m'mimba mwa anthu ndipo zimayambitsa kugona, kusanza, nseru, komanso mavuto ena ambiri azaumoyo.
Nsikidzi
Munthu samadzimva kuti wadumwa chifukwa chiyani, chifukwa chodzikongoletsa chimaphatikizidwa ndi malovu a kachilomboka. Ngati cholakwika sichitha kufika kwa magazi nthawi yoyamba, ikhoza kuluma munthu kangapo. Pamalo olumikizana ndi mboziyo, kuyabwa kwambiri kumayambira, ndipo chithunthu chitha kupezekanso. Nthawi zina, anthu amakumana ndi zovuta zomwe zimalumidwa ndikaluma. Mwamwayi, 70% ya anthu amawona kuti palibe zotsatirapo za iwo.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndipo sitili m'gulu lonyamula matenda opatsirana, koma mthupi lawo limatha kusunga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kudzera m'magazi kwa nthawi yayitali, monga: ma hepatitis B, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tularemia, Q-fever amathanso kupitilira. Zimabweretsa kuvulaza kwambiri anthu ndikuluma, kumuchotsera tulo tulo tabwinobwino, komwe pambuyo pake kumawononga thanzi ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Gulugufe wamunthu
Mbawala za anthu zimakhala ndi mphutsi zomwe zimatha kupatsira tizirombo toopsa moyo kwa anthu. Amadziwikanso kuti torsalo, zida zobetchera anthu nthawi zambiri zimatumizidwa ndi udzudzu. Udzudzu wonyamula mphutsi za gulugufe wa munthu utagwera pakhungu, mphutsiyo imalowa m'thupi lanyumbayo. Pakatha masiku angapo, imakula pansi pa khungu ndipo imatha kuyambitsa matenda akulu ngati udzudzu suulandidwa mwachangu.
Centipede
Centipede (Scutigera coleoptrata). Tizilombo timeneti, kamenenso timadziwika kuti touluka, kanapezeka ku Mediterranean. Ngakhale magwero ena amalankhula za Mexico. Centipede afala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale maonekedwe a tizilombo ngati amenewa sangasinthe, nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito zofunikira, chifukwa amadya tizirombo tina komanso akangaude. Zowona, ndi entomophobia (kuwopa tizilombo), mkangano woterewu sungathandize. Anthu nthawi zambiri amawapha chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo osasangalatsa, ngakhale centipedes amatetezedwa ngakhale kumayiko ena akumwera. Wouluka ndi nyama yolusa, amapangira jakisoni wa poizoni kenako ndikupha. Nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimakhala mnyumba popanda kuvulaza chakudya kapena mipando. Amakonda chinyezi, nthawi zambiri centipedes imatha kupezeka zipinda zapansi, pansi pa malo osambira, zimbudzi. Ma Flycatcher amakhala ndi moyo kuyambira zaka zitatu mpaka 7, ana ongobadwa kumene amakhala ndi miyendo inayi yokha, ndikuwonjezera ndi umodzi. Nthawi zambiri, kuluma kwa kachilombo kotereku sikusokoneza anthu, ngakhale kuti kungafanane ndi kuluma kwa njuchi yaying'ono. Kwa ena, izi zimatha kukhala zopweteka, koma nthawi zambiri zimangokhala misozi. Inde, ma centiedes si tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa masauzande amafa, koma ambiri aife titha kudabwitsidwa kudziwa kuti chaka chilichonse munthu amwalira ndi izi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale poizoniyu azidwala ziphuphu zizitha, koma izi zimachitika kawirikawiri kwambiri.
Chonona chakuda
Ngakhale kuti zinkhanira sizokhala tizilombo, popeza ndi gawo la dongosolo la arthropods kuchokera ku gulu la arachnids, tidali kuwaphatikiza mndandandandawu, makamaka chifukwa choti zinkhanira zakuda ndi zina mwa mitundu yoopsa ya zinkhanira. Ambiri a iwo amakhala ku South Africa, makamaka nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'chipululu. Zonena zakuda zimasiyana ndi mitundu ina m'michira yawo yanthete komanso ma tepe totsika. Chosakola chakuda chikuluma, kuphatikiza poizoni kwa omwe akumva kuwawa, zomwe zimatha kupweteka, ziwalo komanso kufa.
Predator
Wopanda magazi wina ndi Predator, aka Assassin bug, aka Reduviidae. Zakudya zawo zazikulu zimakhala ndi tizilombo komanso mphutsi zake, koma mitundu ina ya malo otentha siosamwa kumwa magazi a nyama zazing'ono komanso ngakhale anthu. Nyama yolusa yomwe imayambitsa matenda a Chagas, kachilomboka ka nthawi zambiri imapatsira anthu okhala kumidzi osauka.
Chipolopolo
Paraponera clavata ndi mtundu wa nyerere zazikulu zotentha zochokera ku mtundu wa Paraponera Smith, ndi Paraponerinae (Formicidae), wokhala ndi mbola yolimba. Adayitanira nyerere ndi chipolopolo chifukwa choti omwe akulumidwa ndi kuluma amawayerekezera ndi kuwombera mfuti.
Munthu amene walumidwa ndi nyerere yotereyi amatha kumva kuwawa ndikusautsika tsiku likatha. M'mafuko ena amtundu wathu wa Native American (Satere-Mawe, Maue, Brazil), nyererezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamiyambo yopweteka kwambiri yoyambira anyamata mpaka atakula (zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwalo zikhale kwakanthawi komanso kuzimiririka kwa zala zonyansa). Pophunzira mankhwala a poizoniyu, neurotoxin (peptide) wopuwala wotchedwa poneratoxin anapatulidwa.
Udzudzu wa Malungo
Udzudzu wa Malarial kapena anopheleses ndi mtundu wa tizilombo ta diptera, zambiri zomwe zimanyamula majeremusi aumunthu - malarial plasmodia. Udzudzu umayamba kudwala malungo a plasmodium kuchokera kwa odwala kapena onyamula. Plasmodium falciparum imadutsa mozungulira pakubadwa kwa udzudzu. Udzudzu womwe uli ndi kachilombo umayamba kudwala munthu pakatha masiku 4 mpaka 10 kuchokera pakudwala ndipo umakhala kwa masiku 16-45. Udzudzu umakhala zonyamula za mitundu ina ya plasmodia yomwe imayambitsa malungo mu nyama.
Makoswe utoto
Utoto wamtundu ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yowopsa kwambiri ya kambuku (Pulicidae), chonyamula mliri. Ndi majeremusi a makoswe (Rattus, Nesokia) ndi ma gerbils (Gerbillinae). Ndiwonyamula a Pisode bacillus (Yersinia pestis) ndi Rickettsia typhi, komanso maulendo apakatikati a nyongolotsi za Hymenolepis kuchepera kwa tapeworm ndi mbewa za Hymenolepis nana tapeworm. Matenda amatha kufalikira kuchokera ku mbadwo wina kupita wina kudzera pa mazira.
Njuchi yachi Africa
Njuchi zaku Africa (zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti njuchi zakupha) ndi mbadwa za njuchi zomwe zidachokera ku Africa kupita ku Brazil m'ma 1950 pofuna kukonza uchi m'dziko muno. Azimayi ena aku Africa anayamba kuphatikizana ndi njuchi zakum Europe. Zophatikiza zomwe zatsogola zapita kumpoto ndipo zimapezekabe kumwera kwa California.
Njuchi zaku Africa zimawoneka chimodzimodzi, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati njuchi zaku Europe, zomwe pano zimakhala ku United States. Amatha kupezeka ndi kusanthula kwa DNA. Mbola zawo sizisiyana ndi njuchi wamba. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi ndi njira yoteteza njuchi za ku Africa, zomwe zimadziwonetsera zachitetezo cha zisa zawo. Pankhondo zina ku South America, njuchi zaku Africa zidapha ziweto ndi anthu. AMP idatcha "Killer Bees" mwa khalidweli.
Kuphatikiza apo, njuchi yamtunduwu imadziwika kuti imachita ngati yowukira. Gulu lawo lankhondo likuukira ming'oma ya njuchi wamba, kuwalowerera ndikuyika mfumukazi. Amagwiritsa ntchito zigawo zikuluzikulu ndipo ali okonzeka kuwononga aliyense yemwe angalowe pachiberekero.
Nthambo
Ngakhale kuti ntchentche sizimadziwika kuti ndi yowopsa, utitiri umafalitsa matenda ambiri pakati pa zinyama ndi anthu. M'mbiri yonse, adathandizira kufalitsa matenda ambiri, monga bubonic mliri.
Nyerere zamoto
Nyerere zamotoNyerere yamoto) - nyerere zingapo zogwirizana kuchokera ku gulu la mitundu ya Solenopsis saevissima-gulu la mtundu Solenopsis, omwe ali ndi mbola yamphamvu komanso poyizoni, yemwe zochita zawo zikufanana ndi kuwotcha kwa lawi la moto (chifukwa chake dzina lawo). Nthawi zambiri, Moto wofiira wa Ant, womwe umafalikira padziko lonse lapansi, umapezeka pansi pa dzinali. Pali milandu yodziwika yoluma munthu ndi nyerere imodzi yokhala ndi zotsatirapo zowopsa, kugwedezeka kwa anaphylactic, mpaka kufa.
Otsuka a brown hermit
Kangaude wachiwiri pamndandanda wathu, Brown Hermit, samatulutsa ma neurotoxins ngati Wamasiye Wamasiye. Kuluma kwake kumawononga minofu ndipo kumatha kuyambitsa zowonongeka zomwe zimatenga miyezi yambiri kuti zithe.
Kuluma nthawi zambiri kumachitika osadziwika, koma nthawi zambiri, zomverera zimakhala zofanana ndi zomwe zimasowa ndi singano. Kenako, mkati mwa maola 2-8, ululu umadziwonekera. Kupitilira apo, zinthu zimayamba kutengera kuchuluka kwa poizoni amene walowa m'magazi. Ululu wa kangaude wa bulauni umakhala ndi ma hemolytic, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimayambitsa necrosis komanso kuwonongeka kwa minofu. Kuluma kwa ana aang'ono okalamba ndi odwala kumatha kupha.
Siafu nyerere
Siafu (Dorylus). Nyerere zosakhazikika izi zimakhala makamaka ku East ndi Central Africa, komanso zimapezeka ku Asia. Tizilombo timakhala m'magulu, omwe amatha mpaka 20 miliyoni, onse ndi akhungu. Amayenda maulendo awo mothandizidwa ndi ma pheromones. Mudziwo ulibe malo okhalamo, woyendayenda kuchokera m'malo osiyanasiyana. Panthawi yodyetsa mphutsi, tizilombo timakumana ndi nyama zonse zopanda nyama. Pakati mwa nyerere zoterezi pali gulu lapadera - asitikali. Ndi omwe amatha kuluma, pomwe amagwiritsa ntchito zibwano zawo zooneka ngati mbedza, ndipo kukula kwa anthu oterewa kumafika 13 mm. Nsagwada za asirikali ndi zamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti m'malo ena mu Africa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukonza seams. Chilondacho chimatha kutsekedwa kwa masiku anayi. Nthawi zambiri mukaluma pa Siafu, zotsatira zake zimakhala zochepa, simafunikiranso kukaonana ndi dokotala. Zowona, akukhulupirira kuti achinyamata ndi achikulire omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kulumidwa kwa nyerere zotere, amafa chifukwa cha zovuta atakumana nawo. Zotsatira zake, chaka chilichonse, malinga ndi ziwerengero, anthu 20 mpaka 50 amafa ndi tizilombo. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi kukwiya kwawo, makamaka poteteza gulu lawo, lomwe munthu angagwire mwangozi.
Giant asian bumblebee
Ambiri a ife tawonapo ma bumblebe, amawoneka ngati ocheperako, ndipo palibe chifukwa chochitira kuwawopa. Tsopano tangolingalirani bumblebee yemwe wakula, ngati mankhwala onenepa, kapena ingoyang'anani chimphona cha ku Asia. Ma horne awa ndi akulu kwambiri padziko lapansi - kutalika kwake kumatha kufika 5 cm, ndipo mapiko ndi masentimita 7.5. Kutalika kwa kuluma kwa tizilomboti kungakhale mpaka 6 mm, koma njuchi kapena phala sizingafanane ndi kuluma kotere, ndipo ma bumblebe amathanso kuluma mobwerezabwereza. Simungathe kupeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ku Europe kapena USA, koma poyenda mozungulira East Asia ndi mapiri a Japan, mutha kukumana nawo. Kuti mumvetsetse kuluma, ndikokwanira kumvetsera kwa anthu omwe akuwona. Amayerekezera kumverera kwa kubuma kwa bumblebee ndi msomali wofiyira wofiyidwa mwendo. Ululu woluma uli ndi mitundu 8 yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imayambitsa kusasangalala, kuwononga minofu yofewa ndikupanga fungo lomwe lingathe kukopa mabumboni atsopano kwa wolakwiridwayo. Anthu omwe sagwirizana ndi njuchi amatha kufa chifukwa cha zomwe adachitazo, koma pali milandu ya imfa chifukwa cha chiphe cha mandorotoxin, chomwe chitha kukhala chowopsa ngati chikhala chokwanira mthupi. Akuti pafupifupi anthu 70 amafa ndi kuluma kumeneku chaka chilichonse. Chodabwitsa, mbola sindiyo zida zawo zazikulu zosakira - mbedza za adani awo amaphwanyika ndi nsagwada zazikulu.
Tsetse ntchentche
Ziwombankhanga zimakhala ku Africa ndi madera otentha, popeza zasankha chipululu cha Kalahari ndi Sahara. Ntchentche ndizonyamula za trypanosomiasis, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a zinyama ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ogona. Tsetse ali mwanjira zofanana kwambiri ndi achibale awo - amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kagulu kakang'ono kutsogolo kwa mutu komanso njira yapadera yokhotakhota yamapiko. Ndiye kafukufuku amene amakulolani kupeza chakudya chachikulu - magazi a nyama zoyamwitsa ku Africa. Padziko lino, pali mitundu 21 ya ntchentche zotere, zomwe kutalika kwake zimatha kufalikira kuyambira 9 mpaka 14 mm. Osamaona ntchentche ngati zovulaza anthu, chifukwa amapha anthu mwakuchita izi pafupipafupi. Amakhulupirira kuti ku Africa mpaka anthu 500,000 tsopano ali ndi matenda ogona opatsirana ndi tizilombo. Matendawa amasokoneza ntchito ya endocrine ndi mtima dongosolo. Kenako mphamvu yamanjenje imakhudzidwa, ndikuyambitsa chisokonezo chikumbumtima komanso kugona tulo. Zovuta zakutopa zimapereka njira yogwirira ntchito. Mliri waukulu wotsiriza udalembedwa ku Uganda mu 2008, koma ambiri matendawa ndi mndandanda wa omwe akunyalanyazidwa mu WHO. Komabe, ku Uganda kokha anthu opitilira 200,000 amwalira ndi matenda ogona mzaka 6 zapitazi. Amakhulupirira kuti matendawa ndi omwe amachititsa kwambiri kuti chuma chikuchulukirachulukira ku Africa. Ndizodabwitsa kuti ntchentche imagunda chilichonse chotentha, ngakhale galimoto, koma sichimalimbana ndi mbidzi, poganiza kuti imangokhala mikwingwirima. Ntchentche za Tsetse zinapulumutsanso Africa ku nthaka kuti isakokoloke ndi kufalikira kwa ziweto. Munthu adabwera ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zochitira ndi tizilombo. Mu 30s, nkhumba zonse zakutchire zidawonongeka pagombe lakumadzulo, koma izi zidangopatsa zaka 20. Tsopano akumenya nkhondo powombera nyama zakutchire, kudula zitsamba ndi kuchiza ntchentche zamphongo ndi ma radiation kuti zitha kubereka.
Chingwe cha Triatom
Panjira yolumikizana yomwe ili pafupi ndi milomo ya bug iyi imatchedwa kupsompsona. Tizilombo tambiri timeneti timakhala ku Central ndi South America. Tizilombo toyamwa magazi ndiwotengera majeremusi owopsa omwe amayambitsa matenda a Chagas. Pambuyo pa "kupsopsona", munthu amatha kupeza zizindikiro zoyambirira zamatenda: kutentha thupi, kupweteka mutu, zotupa zam'mimba, ndi ena. Pakupita milungu ingapo, matendawa amakhala osachiritsika. Kumayambiriro, imadzichiritsa bwino ku chithandizo, pakakhala chisamaliro chamankhwala chimatha kudwala.
Pansi pa dzina ili, gulu laling'ono la tizilombo kuchokera pagulu lanyumba zam'mimba limaphatikizidwa. Zimagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula Antarctica. Pafupifupi mavu onse amakhala ndi mbola yapoizoni, yomwe, mosiyana ndi njuchi ikuluma, siyipweteke pambuyo poyambira koyamba. Munthu yemwe walumidwa ndi mavu amamva kuwawa kwambiri pamalo pomwe mbola idalowa. Palinso redness ndi kutupa. Mwa anthu omwe akudwala matendawa, zotsatira za kuluma zimatha kukhala zazikulu kwambiri, ngakhale kupha kumene.
Hatchi
Ntchentche zazikulu izi zimakhala pamakontinenti onse kupatula Antarctica. Pokhala akuyamwa magazi, mahatchi amaukira mwachangu nyama zapakhomo ndi anthu. Malovu owononga tinthu timene timakhala ndi zinthu zoopsa komanso ma anticoagulants, kotero kuti malo olumidwa ndi munthu samachira kwa nthawi yayitali, bala limatha kutuluka. Kuluma kwa chiwombankhanga kumabweretsa kupweteka kuyaka ndi kutupa, nthawi zina kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto ambiri. Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti mahatchi amaonyamula matenda owopsa, kuphatikizapo tularemia, encephalitis, nthomba ndi ena.
Udzudzu wa Malungo
Kuchokera ku dzinalo zikuwonekeratu kuti ndi matenda ati omwe amafalitsa. Katemera amene alipo masiku ano ndi osathandiza, anthu pafupifupi 500,000 amafa ndi matendawa chaka chilichonse. Udzudzu umakhala pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula Antarctica. Mitundu yoopsa kwambiri potengera kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana amakhala kumadera otentha. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha matenda omwe amalembedwa m'maiko aku Africa, makamaka ana osakwana zaka 5.
Chipolopolo
M'modzi mwa oopsa kwambiri m'banjamo. M'malo mwake muli poyizoni wazakudya zoopsa, zomwe sizingafanane ndi mavu kapena njuchi. Nyererezi zimakhala m'mabanja akuluakulu m'nkhalango zotentha za Central ndi South America. Kulumidwa ndi nyerere ya bullet imadziwika kuti ndiyo yolimba kwambiri pa Schmidt. Munthu amatha kumva ululu masana. Edema amapezekanso pamalo omwe amalumirako, ndipo dzanzi limalimba kwakanthawi.
Vespa mandarinia
Imakhala ya banja la mavu enieni, pokhala woimira wamkulu kwambiri wa mtundu wa Hornet. Amakhala kumayiko aku Asia komanso kum'mawa kwa Russia. Ma Hornets samadziwika kawirikawiri ndi anthu, amangodziteteza. Kuluma kowawa kwambiri kwa kachilombo kameneka kumayambitsa kutupa, kufiyira, kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto, ndipo, chifukwa chake, kumatha kufa. Kuluma munthawi yomweyo kwa anthu angapo nthawi imodzi kumatha kupha munthu wathanzi yemwe samadwala chifuwa.
Pogonomyrmex maricopa
Nyerere yowetsedwa ndi poizoni yakonzeka kuluma popanda chenjezo. Akaluma mwanjira yake mpaka atamwalira. Tizilombo ta mtunduwu timakhala ku North America. Mphamvu yakuuma kwawo pamlingo wa Schmidt yayandikira kwambiri. Ndizosangalatsa kuti nyerere ikamagwira ntchito ndi nyama yake, kuphatikiza zinthu zapoizoni, poizoniyo imatulutsa pheromone yodetsa nkhawa yomwe imachenjeza mamembala ena a gululo za ngoziyo ndikuwalimbikitsa kuti agwirizane polimbana ndi mdani. Kwa munthu, kuukira kotereku kumatha kukhala koopsa. Kuchokera kuluma kwa munthu m'modzi yekha, munthu amamva kupweteka kwambiri, komwe kumatha mpaka maola 4.
Apis mellifera scutellata
Njuchi yodziwika mozungulira idasanduka imodzi mwa tizilombo toopsa kwambiri. Asayansi adapeza mtundu uwu podutsa mitundu yachilengedwe ya ku Africa ndi ku Europe. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya poizoni, kuzunza anthu pafupipafupi komanso kuzunza anthu ndi ziweto, amatchedwa njuchi zakupha. Chifukwa cha iwo palibe moyo wamunthu m'modzi. Amakhala ku USA, South America, Brazil, chaka chilichonse amakhala ndi magawo atsopano. Kuluma kwa njuchi 1 sikungaphe, koma kuwukira kwa gulu la njuchi zakupha sikungapulumutse.