Mvuu ndi ndani? Kodi Hippo ndi ndani? Kodi pali kusiyana kulikonse? Kodi ndizowona kuti makutu ndi mphuno zawo zimangokhala zokha m'madzi? Mayankho a mafunso awa, komanso kwa ena ambiri okhudzana ndi moyo wa nyamayo, titha kuwapeza m'nkhaniyi.

Hippopotamus, yotchedwanso mvuu, ndi chinyama chachikulu cham'madzi chomwe chimakhala kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa. Mchiuno ndiye chachitatu kwambiri komanso cholemera, kulumpha njovu ndi ndodo.

Zina zosangalatsa za mvuu

1. Ngakhale ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi nkhumba, mvuu ndi abale apamtima a anamgumi.

2. Mawu oti "mvuu" amatanthauza kavalo wamtsinje.

3. Mahipu ndiakulu kwambiri komanso olemetsa kotero kuti amatha kuyenda mosavuta pansi pa mitsinje ndi nyanja.

4. M'malo afupipafupi, mvuu imathamanga mothamanga 48 km / h.

5. Sakusesa thukuta; M'malo mwake, amatulutsa mafuta ofiira, omwe amateteza khungu lawo. Madzi ofiira awa adabereka nthano kuti mvuu ikutuluka ndi magazi.

6. Nyama zimakhala zopanda tsitsi kwathunthu. Khungu lawo limakhala lofewa, lopanda chofewa kwambiri.

7. Makutu ndi mphuno za nyama zimatsekedwa zokha pansi pamadzi.

8. Hippos amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi. Koma sizingatengedwe ngati am'madzi am'madzi, m'malo mwake, amadziwika kuti zolengedwa zapamadzi.

9. Akaona kuti akuwopsezedwa, Nthawi zambiri amatsegula pakamwa pawo. Pakuwotcha, amawonetsa utali wawutali komanso wamphamvu wa nsagwada yapansi.

10. Matupi a nyama ndi ofunika kwambiri kuposa njovu, chifukwa sizikhala zachikasu pakapita nthawi.

11. Ming'alu yayikulu ya m'chiuno imakulabe mu moyo wawo wonse.

12. Nthawi yayitali kwambiri yoyembekezera kukhala kuthengo ndi zaka 40-50. Mvuu yakale kwambiri, yotchedwa Donna (mkazi), yemwe adakhala muukapolo kufikira zaka 60. Adamwalira pa Ogasiti 1, 2012 kumalo osungira nyama ku Indiana, USA.

13. Kulemera kwambiri kwavuu wamwamuna kumayambira 1500 mpaka 1800 kg. Amuna ndi olemera pang'ono kuposa akazi. Akazi amalemera pafupifupi 1300-1500 kg. Amadziwika kuti amuna achikulire amalemera 3200 kg ndipo samakhala wolemera kupitilira 3600 kg.

14. Kutalika kwa nyamazo kumayambira 3.3 mpaka 5.2 mita, mchirawo ndi wokulirapo masentimita 56, ndipo kutalika kwamapewa ndi 1.5 m.

15. Makulidwe a khungu la mvuu ndi pafupifupi 15 cm, kotero kuti amawateteza kwa omwe angadye.

16. Nyama izi zimakonda kukhala ku Europe ndi North Africa.

17. Hippos amatha maola 4-5 odyetsa, tsiku lililonse amamwa udzu wama kilogalamu 68. Amakonda kupatsa mankhwala. Amadyera azitsamba osiyanasiyana, komanso amadya zovalazo.

18. Mkazi amakula msinkhu wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Nthawi ya bere imatha pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Amuna okhwima zaka 7.5. Zimabereka mwana wa ng'ombe mmodzi pa ng'ombe imodzi iliyonse. Mahipu a ana olemera 25 - 45 makilogalamu okhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 127. Ziphuphu nthawi zambiri zimabadwa m'madzi. Nthawi yoleka kuyamwa imatha pafupifupi miyezi 6-8.

19. Amakhala malo amadzi ambiri. Mamuna aliyense amayang'anira mtsinje.

20. Kulimbana pakati pawo nkowopsa, koma sikawirikawiri kumwalira.

21. Mbalame zazing'ono ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuchotsa tizilombo pakhungu lawo.

Okapi

Mvuu wamba kapena mvuu ndi chinyama chochokera ku ma artiodactyls, masanjidwe a nkhumba (osakhala chowala), mabanja a mvuu. Ndiwo mitundu yokha yamtundu wake. Chizindikiro cha nyamayo chimagona m'njira yamoyo m'madzi: kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo makamaka m'madzi, mvuu zimangopita kumtunda usiku lokha chakudya. Hippos nthawi zambiri amakhala m'madzi oyera, omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri munyanja.

Kufotokozera kwa m'chiuno

Mvuu ndi imodzi mwazinyama zazikulu kwambiri. Kulemera kwa amuna ndi pafupifupi 1600 kg, kwa akazi chiwerengerochi ndi 1400 kg. Kutalika kumafikira 1.65 m. Kutalika kwa thupi kuchokera 3 mpaka 5 mita.

Mvuu ndiyosatheka kusokoneza nyama iliyonse chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake. Chingwe chachikulu choteteza ngati nyama chotengera cham'madzi chimaphatikizika ndi miyendo yayifupi, yopyapyala kwambiri kotero kuti m'mimba chimatsala pang'ono kugwira pansi ndikuyenda. Mutuwo ndi waukulu kwambiri, wamakona pachimake, kulemera kwake mpaka 900 kg. Khosi limakhalanso lalifupi, lofowoka. Maso ndi ang'ono, matope amtundu. Mphuno yake ndi yotakata. Makutu ndi ang'ono, akumayenda, nyama imatha kuthamangitsa mbalame ndi tizilombo. Mphuno, maso ndi makutu zakwezedwa ndipo zili mu ndege yomweyo, ndikokwanira kuti mvuu itulutsire mutu pamadzi kuti ipume, kuyang'ana ndikumva.

Phokoso lakutsogolo lakutidwa ndi vibrissae. Nsagwada 60-70 cm mulifupi.Mkamwa umatha kutseguka kwambiri. Pa miyendo, zala zinayi zolumikizidwa ndi nembanemba. Mchirawo ndi waufupi, wofikira kumapeto.

Mtundu wa mvuu ndi yofiirira komanso yotuwa yapinki. Khungu lozungulira maso ndi makutu ndi pinki. Msana nthawi zambiri umakhala wamdima ndipo m'mimba limakhala lofiirira. Khungu limakhala pafupifupi 4 cm.

Zojambula Zamphamvu za Hippo

Mahipu ndi herbivores. Chakudya chawo chimapangidwa ndi zitsamba zam'madzi zoyandikira ndi nthaka. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti samadya zomera zam'madzi. Mvuu zimadyera pamtunda, ndipo "kudula" udzu pansi pazu. Wachikulire amadya kuchokera ku 40 mpaka 70 kg wazakudya patsiku.

Pakudya msipu, mvuu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi anthu ena, ngakhale zimakonda kuweta ng'ombe. Pamodzi, akazi okhaokha omwe ali ndi ana amuna nthawi zonse amadya. Mahipu samapita patali kuposa 3 km kuchokera kumadzi kufunafuna chakudya.

Posachedwa, pakhala kudziwikanso za vuto lodana ndi mvuu, kuukira kwa mbawala, mbawala, ng'ombe.

Chiwopsezo chinafalikira

Tsopano mvuu zimagawidwa makamaka ku sub-Saharan Africa, kupatula Madagascar. Pofika mchaka cha 2008, panali anthu ena okwana 125 mpaka 150,000 pa kontinentiyo, ndipo mwatsoka, chiwerengerochi chikucheperachepera. Ambiri mwa mvuu amakhala kum'mawa ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Malawi, Malawi). Kumpoto kwa Africa, kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi kochepa kwambiri (Senegal, Guinea-Bissau).

Mafupia wamba

Mvuu wamba ndi mtundu umodzi womwe mitundu yofananayi imasiyanitsidwa:

• Mvuu amphibius amphibius - mtundu wamba, wokhala ku Sudan, Ethiopia ndi kumpoto kwa Congo,

• H.a.kiboko - opezeka ku Somalia ndi Kenya,

• H.a.capensis - amakhala kumwera kwa Africa, kuyambira ku Zambia mpaka ku South Africa,

• H.a.tschadensis - yogawidwa kumadzulo kwa kontinenti,

• H.a.constrictus ndi wokhala ku Angola ndi Namibia.

Mchiuno achimuna ndi achikazi: kusiyana kwakukulu

Kujambula kwamanyazi mu mvuu sikuwonekeratu. Akazi ndi ocheperako poyerekeza ndi amuna pafupifupi 10%, mitu yawo ilinso yaying'ono. Wamphongo wamwamuna wamwamuna wamwamuna amapezekanso bwino ndi ma fangs, ndichifukwa chake mumps wamtundu ulipo pankhope.

Khalidwe la m'chiuno

Mvuu zimakhala pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa madzi abwino. Itha kukhala mitsinje yayikulu kapena nyanja, kapena nyanja zazing'ono. Zinthu zofunika kwa iye, kuti athe kulolera gulu lonse, osati kuwuma chaka chonse. Kuphatikiza apo, kupezeka kwa malo omwe kuli udzu pafupi ndi dziwe ndikofunikira kwa nyama. Pankhani yakuipiraipira, mvuu zimatha kusamukira kumadzi ena, komabe sizodziwika ndi maulendo ataliatali.

Mvuu ili ndi mtundu wowonekera bwino wamagulu. Masana, nyama zimakhala m'madzi, momwe zimagona, mitu yawo ikatuluka, ndipo zimadyera usiku.

Amuna achikulire omwe alibe abambo awo amakhala amodzi nthawi imodzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amamangana kunja. Kulimbana koteroko ndikutali komanso kwankhanza, nyama zimatha kuvulaza wina ndi mzake mpaka kufa. Mahippo pagombe amakhala ankhanza kwambiri. Sakonda anthu oyandikana nawo ndipo amathamangitsa alendo onse osawadziwa, kuphatikizapo ma rhinos ndi njovu. Kutalika kwamphongo wamwamuna wamkulu ndi 50-100 mita pamtsinje ndi 250-500 mita pagombe.

Nyama ikatuluka m'madzi ndikupita kukadyetsa, imagwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyo. M'dothi lofewa, njira zoterezi zimakhala zazitali komanso zowzama, mawonekedwe owonekera. Nyama imayendayenda pamiyendo. Kuthamanga kwakukulu mpaka 30 km / h.

Kuphatikiza pa amuna amodzi okha, mvuu zimapanga gulu la anthu 20-30, ndipo achichepere, amuna osakhwima amasungidwa ndi magulu a abambo.

Ma Hippos ali ndi njira yolankhulirana mokweza kwambiri, mothandizidwa ndi ma siginidwe osiyanasiyana amatha kufotokoza zoopsa, kuchita zachiwawa ndi zina. Phokoso nthawi zambiri limabangula. Liwu lalikulu la mvuu, mpaka ma decibel 110, limatengedwa kutali ndi madzi. Mvuu ndiyo nyama yokha yomwe imapanga mawu, pamtunda komanso pamadzi.

Ndipo nyamazo zimatanganidwa kwambiri kupopera utoto wawo ndi mkodzo, womwe umathandizira polemba gawo ndikulankhulana.

Kubzala m'chiuno

Akazi achi Hippo amakhala okhwima pazaka 7-15, amuna amuna azaka 6 mpaka 14. M'gulu lankhosa, amuna okhaokha amuna ndi akazi otchuka. Nyengo yakuswana ndi nyengo. Kukalamba kumachitika kawiri pachaka, mu February ndi August. Ng'ombe zimabadwa nthawi yamvula. Nthawi yokhala ndi pakati ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Asanabadwe, yaikazi imasiya ng'ombe, nthawi zambiri imabereka m'madzi. Pali zinyalala chimodzi mu zinyalala, zolemera 27 mpaka 50 makilogalamu, kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 1 m ndi kutalika mpaka 50. Pambuyo pobala, wamkazi amakhala ndi mwana kwa masiku 10 oyamba mpaka atafika pamadzi. Kuyamwitsa kumatenga miyezi 18.

Adani achilengedwe a Hippo

Mahipu alibe adani achilengedwe ochulukirapo. Mikango ndi ng’ona za Nailo ndizowopsa kwa iwo. Koma kwa zilombozi, abambo akuluakulu ndi ovuta kudya, popeza ndiakulu, olimba komanso okhala ndi mikondo yayitali. Akazi akateteza ana, amakwiya kwambiri komanso amakhala olimba. Ngati ana asiyidwa osasamalidwa, amagwidwa ndi ziphuphu, nyalugwe ndi agalu a fisi. Kuphatikiza apo, achinyamata ang'onoang'ono a ng'ombe atha kufa mwangozi.

Zoyipa zimakhudza mkhalidwe wa m'chiuno, makamaka, munthu. Chiwerengero chake chikucheperachepera chifukwa cha kupha nyama pofuna kupeza nyama ndi mafupa, komanso chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo achilengedwe azinyama. Vutoli limayenderana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu aku Africa, komanso malo omwe akukhalamo zofunikira paulimi, nthawi zambiri malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja momwe timadyere timakhala ndi kudya amatsegulidwa. Kuthirira, kumanga madamu ndi kusintha munjira ya mitsinje kumakhudzanso anthu omwe ali pamtunduwu.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za mvuu

• Monga imodzi mwazinyama zazikulu zamakono zamtunduwu (kulemera kwakukulu kumafikira matani 4), mvuu zimapikisana ndi ma rhinos malo achiwiri mwanjira iyi pambuyo pa njovu. Ndipo achibale apafupi kwambiri kwa iwo ndi anamgumi.
• Kuyambira kale, nyama yodziwika bwino ya mvuu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu okhala ku Africa. Mafangayi a Hippo ndiofunikiranso, omwe ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa njovu. Ku Africa, kusaka mikoko yopatsa njuchi kumaloledwa, koma kupha anthu kukukula.
• Mvuu zimakhala zogona pafupipafupi padziko lapansi, mu ukapolo zimapulumuka mokwanira, zomwe zingathenso kuteteza chilengedwe.