Kuchokera kununkhira wamatsenga kuchokera ku mackerel a Black Sea, machulukidwe amayamba kuyenda ambiri. Nsombayi ili ndi nyama yofewa, yokoma, yamafuta pang'ono, yotsekemera komanso yowutsa mudyo yomwe ilibe mafupa ang'onoang'ono osasangalatsa, ngakhale owopsa.
Izi ndi zamzitini, stewed, kuphika, zouma ndi mchere, ndi bwino mu yokazinga ndipo monga gawo lalikulu la msuzi wa nsomba. Amphaka okonzedwa motere amatha kupatsa zolengedwa zathu kusankha kwamtengo wapatali.
Ndipo kudya kofananako kumalimbikitsidwa ndi madokotala matenda ambiri. Koma, zoona, sitikanawona chilichonse chonga icho ngakhale m'maloto, tikadakhala tokha Mackerel a Black Sea, ndiye kuti si ayisikilimu kapena chatsopano chomwe chagona m'masitolo, koma woyimira amoyo wamadzi am'banja la ma mackerel, wokhala panyanja.
Cholengedwachi chili ndi mamba ang'ono otetezedwa, thupi lokwera, kumathera kutsogolo ndi mutu wowongoka komanso wopendekera kumbuyo kwambiri. Nthenga zachitsulo zomasuka zimachoka kumchira ngati mbendera yokhotakhota.
Zimakhazikika ngati kuti zikuyenda phewa. Kumbuyo kuli ndi ziphuphu ziwiri: kutsogolo kwakanthawi kochepa kumbuyo kwanthawi yayitali ndi nthenga zofewa. Pa chifuwa cha nsomba, zipsepazo ndizochepa. Mutu wake ndi wokulirapo; kumbali zonse ziwiri tili ndi maso ozungulira okhala ndi malo amdima. Pakamwa pa mackerel pakamwa pali akulu okwanira. Msana wake umakhala ndi mtundu wamtambo wamtambo, ndipo m'mimba ndi wopepuka, siliva.
Zachilengedwe zinateteza zolengedwa izi kwa adani, kupereka mbali ya matupi awo ndi mto wamatumbo, ndiko kuti, mzere wa spikes womwe umayikidwa pa platinamu, komanso ma spine awiri pamalopo a caudal. Pafupipafupi, nsomba zimakhala zazitali 25cm, ndipo zolemera zake sizimaposa 500. Komabe, pali miyala ikuluikulu ya kilogalamu, ndipo kulemera kwa 2 kg imadziwika kuti ndi mbiri.
Stavrida Black Nyanja amangoganiza za mtundu wocheperako chabe wa mackerel a ku Mediterranean. Ndipo onsewa ndi a banja la ma mackerel a mahatchi, omwe oimira kwawo amakhalanso ku Baltic, North ndi nyanja zina, kuphatikiza pa zomwe zatchulidwa kale mumtundu wa dzina la Black ndi Mediterranean, inde. Nsomba zotere zimakhala m'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi a Pacific, Pacific, Atlantic, omwe amapezeka pagombe la Africa, America ndi Australia. Pazonse, mtunduwu umagawidwa mitundu yoposa khumi.
Oimira amtunduwu amatha kusiyanasiyana, kuchuluka ndi kapangidwe ka minga, mawonekedwe a thupi, ngakhale onse ali ndi mbali yofinya, komanso utoto womwe umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku imvi-buluu mpaka zoyera-siliva, ukadalipobe ndi gawo, lomwe nthawi zambiri limatchulidwa ndi dzina la mitundu . Mwachitsanzo, pali Atlantic, Japan, Peruvian kapena Chilean, komanso mackerels akumwera. Nyanjayi imakhala m'madzi otentha a ku Australia ndi South America.
Zowona, zotchinga komanso zoletsa zomveka ndizovuta kukhazikitsa pano, chifukwa nsombazi zimasambira kulikonse ndipo sizingatheke kutsatira njira zoyenda zawo. Ndipo, mwachitsanzo, ma mackerels ama Atlantic nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'madzi a Nyanja Yakuda, Kumpoto kapena Baltic, akusambira kumeneko kuchokera ku nyanja.
Ndipo mackerel a Black Sea ndiwokondanso kuyenda. Amakhulupirira kuti kamodzi, zaka zingapo zapitazo, nsomba zoterezi zidawolokeranso kuchokera ku Atlantic. Adalowa Nyanja Yakuda kudutsa ku Mediterranean ndikupitilirabe kufalikira.
Kusiyana pakati pa mamembala a genus stavrid kulinso kwakukulu. Koma apa zonse ndizosavuta, ndipo kudalira koteroko kumawonedwa: kuchuluka kwa malo kumene kumakhala nsomba, kocheperako kukula. Oimira wamkulu kwambiri pamtundu wa mahatchi a mackerel, ambiri okhala m'madzi am'madzi, amatha kulemera makilogalamu 2.8 ndikukula mpaka 70 cm.
Mwapadera kukula kwa ma mackerel a Black Sea Kutha kufika masentimita 60. Ma mackerels amahatchi amasiyana kukoma, chifukwa amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kamadzi momwe oimira awa am'madzi amakhala.
Moyo & Habitat
Zadziwika kale kuti chilengedwe chomwe ma mackerels amatha kukhalapo bwino, kuswana ndikufalikira ndi madzi amchere am'nyanja ndi nyanja, kupatula malo ozizira enieni, chifukwa nsombazi zimakonda kuuluka ndipo zimamva bwino.
Koma nthawi zina, madzi opanda pake ndi oyenera kukhalapo kwa nsomba zotere. Zotsirizirazi zimachitika pamene apaulendo amadzi amalowa m'malo momwe mitsinje imalowa m'madzi. Komabe, ngakhale akukhala m'malo otsetsereka a nyanja, ma mackerel ma bulu amayesa kukhala pamakondera, kuyandikira pafupi ndi kunja kwa madzi awo. Samira mpaka pansi ndipo samasambira kwambiri kuposa 500 m, koma nthawi zambiri samakwera pamwamba pa 5 m.
Anthu okhala mdera lamadzi amchere amadzisunga m'matumba, omwe amathandizira kwambiri pakusodza kwawo, chifukwa amafunika kuwedza. Zikuyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti kuchuluka kwa zolengedwa izi kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kugwidwa kosalamulirika. Kusinthika kotereku kumabweretsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa ma ma mackerel am'madzi am'madzi, kenako njira zowombolera zimachitika pang'onopang'ono ndikutenga zaka.
Stavrida Black Nyanja (pa chithunzi mutha kuwona izi), kutengera nthawi ya chaka, amakakamizidwa kusintha moyo wake. Pali magawo awiri nthawi yomwe nsomba imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Yoyamba ya iwo ndi chilimwe, ngakhale mutha kungoyitcha choncho pafupifupi, chifukwa imatenga pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi itatu, imayamba mu Epulo, ndipo imatha mu Novembala, nthawi zina ngakhale mu Disembala, zonse zimatengera nyengo yomwe ili nyengo. Pa nthawi yomwe akuwonetsedwa, madzi apamwamba akayamba kutentha bwino, ma mackerel amabwera pamwamba.
Zimayenda, zimafalikira m'malo omwe amakhala, zimakula mwachangu, zimadya kwambiri, komanso zimachulukana. M'nyengo yozizira, nsomba zotere zimachepetsa zochita zawo.
Zamoyo zawo zimatha kulekerera kuzizira kwakukulu, koma mpaka + 7 ° C. Chifukwa chake ma mackerels amayesa kusunga malo otentha a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Nthawi yozizira imakhala yozizira komanso yolowera kwambiri, nthawi zambiri yozunguliridwa ndi mabanki.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Nsomba zotere ziyenera kuwerengedwa ngati zidyera zonse, ngakhale sizinena kuti ndi nyama yayikulu. Koma ngakhale mizere yamatupi awo imatha kuuza anthu omwe amamvetsetsa kuti zolengedwa izi sizoyambira malovu, omwe amakhala pansi pa nyanja, natsegula pakamwa pawo, ndikuyembekeza kuti chakudya chidzagwera chokha. Amalandira "mkate wawo" mwachangu.
Pofufuza mosalekeza, masukulu a nsomba zotere amayenera kuyenda tsiku ndi tsiku kuti akapeze malo abwino okhala ndi zakudya zabwino. Amakhala nsomba yosasaka komanso ya mwana yemwe amakhala kumtunda kwamadzi: hering, tyulka, gerbils, sprats, hamsa. Ma shrimps ndi ma mussels, ma invertebrates ang'ono ndi crustaceans, komanso nsomba zazing'ono monga anchovies zitha kugwidwa.
Koma ngakhale ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kavalo komanso wadyera, iyenso nthawi zambiri amawagwiritsa ntchito alenje okulirapo kuposa iye, wochokera mwa oyandikana ndi nyanja. Ndibwino kuti chilengedwe chimasamalira mwa kupereka zokolola zam'mbali. Kuchokera kwa amene akufuna kumudyetsa, wina ayenera kusamala kwambiri, apo ayi mabala sangapewe.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati wodziwa zambiri yemwe safuna kumeza nsomba zonsezo, azikhala ndi vuto. Ndipo anthu omwe amadula kuti adye nkhomaliro asayiwale za zida zobisika za deta zomwe zimawoneka ngati zovulaza kwa anthu, zolengedwa zam'nyanja.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Ma mackerel ambiri amahatchi amakonda malo otentha, chifukwa chake amakhala m'madzi otentha komanso oyandikana nawo. Pali mwayi woyikira mazira chaka chonse. Ndipo munthawi yomwe kutentha kumabwera chifukwa chotentha, ndipo mikhalidwe yabwino ikapangidwa, nsomba zimakonda kusunthira kumeneko.
Oimira mabungwe a Black Sea ali ndi mwayi wopitiliza mabanja awo panthawi yoyenera izi, zomwe zimachitika pafupifupi mu Meyi-June. Pakadali pano, zoweta zomwe zidalipo kale zimasokonekera, ndipo zina zimayamba zomwe zimapangidwa ndi jenda.
Zikatero, zazikazi zimatsikira m'matumba amadzi m'munsi, amuna amakhala m'magulu pamwamba pawo. Ndipo sizichitika mwamwayi komanso zimakhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu. Zowonadi, caviar wokulidwa pansi kuchokera pansi ndi theka la akazi ali ndi malo oti akhoza kuyandama, ndipo pamenepo amakumana bwino ndi mkaka womwe abambo amatulutsa.
Ma mackerel amahatchi pakati pa abale awo am'madzi amaonedwa kuti ndiopambana pachonde. Panthawi, amatha kuyikira mazira 200, omwe amayang'anitsitsa ndikuyamba kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga kwamatsenga m'magulu apamwamba amadzi. Koma poyamba ndimapangidwe ang'onoang'ono, omwe ndi mainchesi osaposa mamilimita.
Chomaliza caviar wa mackerel a ku Nyanja Yakuda, monga mitundu yonse ya nsomba izi, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Poyesera kuteteza mwachangu zomwe zimatulukamo posachedwa kwa adani, chilengedwe chimawapatsa nzeru zodabwitsa. Amathawa zoopsa za padziko lapansi pansi pa utoto wa jellyfish, akumazigwiritsa ntchito, ngati kuti pansi pa nyumba.
Ana amakula msanga, mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 12 ali ndi chaka chimodzi. Kuzungulira nthawi imodzimodzi, nthawi zina pang'ono, amayamba kubereka. Chiwerengero chonse cha nsombazi ndi pafupifupi zaka 9.
Zakudya zochokera ku ma mackerel a mahatchi zinali zotchuka komanso zotchuka kwambiri zaka makumi angapo zapitazo. Koma kutchuka kwa nsomba'kapang'onopang'ono kunayamba kuchepa, ngakhale osayenera. Ndipo tsopano simudzamuwona m'masitolo. Koma ngati mukufuna, komabe, malonda awa akhoza kugulidwa, makamaka kudzera pa intaneti.
Mtengo wa Black Sea mackerel ndi ma ruble 200. 1 makilogalamu. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi mtundu wamtunduwu pazakudya zomwe zimaposa mitundu yam'madzi yamnyanja ya ma mackerel. Nsomba yokazinga ghee ndi masamba mafuta ali ndi chidwi grisp. Watsopano-wama-mackerel amatha kumakutidwa ndi zojambulazo ndikuyika mu uvuni, kuwaza, kuphika ndi mkate, kapena kuphika kwambiri. Mtengo wokwanira ma mackerel okwera pamahatchiwo ndi wotsika kwambiri ndipo umakhala pafupifupi ma ruble 80,000 pa toni iliyonse.
Usodzi
Nsomba zamtunduwu zimasakidwa nthawi zonse ndi asodzi. Ali ndi nyama yofewa yamafuta ochepa, yomwe ndi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito muzakaphika ndi zakudya zokazinga, ikulungirani zakudya zamzitini.
Mu mackerel a kavalo wam'madzi, kukoma kwake nkwakukulu kuposa kopezeka m'nyanja.
Pazakudya, ma mackerel a mahatchi amadyedwa opanda mutu, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti ndi oopsa komanso owopsa kwa anthu. Muli kuchuluka kwa omega-3, komwe kumakhudza bwino mtima ndi kuzungulira kwa magazi.
Mawonekedwe
Pali mitundu ingapo, ndipo iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe a dera lomwe akukhalamo. Koma pali zinthu zina zodziwika bwino:
- Kutalika - kuchokera 30 mpaka 50 cm
- Kulemera sikumaposa 1 kg
- Thupi lokwera limafanana ndi khola
- Makala ang'ono
- Mafupa amafupa pamzere wotsatira kuti atetezedwe
- Mchira wowunda
- Anapanga zipsepse zamkati
Kutalika kwambiri kwa moyo ndi zaka 9. Nthawi zina, anthu ochulukitsa kulemera kilogalamu imodzi amapezeka, ngakhale zochuluka ndi oimira ochepa.
Habitat
Akafunsidwa komwe ma mackerel amapezeka, mindandanda yayitali ingaperekedwe. Nsomba izi ndizosavuta kuziwona ku North, Black and Pacific Ocean.
Malowa amakhalanso ku nyanja zamchere za Pacific, Atlantic ndi Indian, ndizotheka kukumana ndi nyama yolusa imeneyi ngakhale pagombe la Japan.
Koma ku Russia, usodzi umakhazikitsidwa makamaka pamadzi a Baltic ndi North Sea.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Banja la stavrid limaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 140, koma ochepa okha ndi omwe amagwidwa.
Kutengera ndi malo omwe amakhala, izi ndizodziwika:
- Atlantic
- Mediterranean
- Kumwera
- Chijapani
- Peruvia
Kuzama kwa nsomba sikukutuluka konse, imasungidwa m'madzi ofunda ndi osaya, osaya konsekonse. Amadzidyetsa yekha pakudya yosaka. Pogwiritsa ntchito, imatha kuthamanga pafupifupi 80 km / h.
Kodi mackerel akavalo amakhala kuti?
Asodzi a nsomba za ma mackerel amakhala ku North, Black and Pacific Ocean, komanso ku Atlantic, Pacific ndi Indian Oceans. Mitundu ingapo yama mackerel wamba yamahatchi imapezeka pagombe la Argentina, Australia ndi South Africa. Nsomba nthawi zambiri zimasambira pakuya mita 50 mpaka 300. Kukuzizira kumabwera, ma mackerel wamba wamba amasamukira kumadzi ofunda kupita ku gombe la Australia ndi Africa. M'madzi amphepete mwa Russia, mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yochokera ku banja lokhazikika imakhala.
Stavrida - kufotokoza
Ma mackerel a mahatchi amafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 30-50 ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 300-400. Zowona, kulemera kwa anthu ena kumatha kupitilira 1 kg. Mackerel wamkulu kwambiri anali ndi kulemera kwa 2 kg. Koma nthawi zambiri nsomba zazing'ono zimapezeka. Thupi la ma mackerel amahatchi limakhala lopindika komanso lotalika, yokutidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono. Zimatha ndi tsinde loonda la caudal ndi ndalama za caudal, zomwe zimapangidwa kwambiri. Mafupa a mafupa okhala ndi spikes amapezeka pafupi ndi mzere wotsatira, ma spikes ena a nsomba amatha kuwongolera kumbuyo. Amateteza nsomba kwa adani. Komanso, nsomba za ma mackerel za mahatchi zimakhala ndi zipsepse ziwiri za ma dorsal, ndipo zozungulira ziwiri zakuthwa zimakhala pamapeto a caudal. Nthawi yayitali yokhala ngati kavalo mackerel imafika pafupifupi zaka 9.
Mitundu ya ma mackerel akavalo
Mitundu ya mahatchi a mackerel imaphatikizapo mitundu yopitilira 10.
Akuluakulu ndi awa:
- Ma mackerel wamba (Atlantic) (lat. Trachurus trachurus). Amakhala kunyanja ya Atlantic komanso Nyanja ya Mediterranean, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Baltic, kumpoto ndi Nyanja Yakuda, m'madzi am'mbali mwa Argentina ndi South Africa. Ndi nsomba yophunzirira yotalika pafupifupi masentimita 50, yolemera pafupifupi 1.5 kg.
- Ma mackerel a ku Mediterranean (Nyanja Yakuda) (lat. Trachurus mediganaaneus). Amakhala kum'mawa kwa Nyanja ya Atlantic, Nyanja ya Mediterranean, Nyanja Yakuda, Nyanja ya Marmara, kum'mwera komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Azov. Kutalika kwa mtundu wamtunduwu wa mahatchi a mackerel ukufika 20-60 cm. Mtundu wakumbuyo wakuda ndi wonyezimira, m'mimba muli zoyera. Gulu lankhondo la mahatchi a ku Mediterranean amapanga magulu amtundu wina, omwe amaphatikizapo anthu osiyanasiyana. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi ma subspecies awiri: mackerel aku Mediterranean (Trachurus mediganaane med medane) ndi Black Sea mackerel (Trachurus med pesaneus ponticus).
- Ma mackerel aku South (Latin Trachurus declivis), amakhala ku Atlantic m'mphepete mwa Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, komanso kugombe la Australia ndi New Zealand. Thupi la nsombali limafika masentimita 60. Mutu ndi pakamwa pa nsomba ndi zokulirapo, lingaliro loyamba la dorsal lili ndi minyewa 8. Nsombazi zimakhala pakuya mpaka mamita 300.
- Ma mackerel aku Japan (lat. Trachurus japonicus) amakhala kumadzi akumwera kwa Japan ndi Korea, komanso East China Sea. M'dzinja, amapezeka pagombe la Primorye. Thupi la ma mackerel amahatchi achi Japan lifika masentimita 35-50. Nsombayi imakhala pakuya kwa 50-275 metres.
Usodzi
Chifukwa choipitsidwa ndi madzi a Nyanja Yakuda, kwakanthawi, ma mackerel okwera pamahatchi sanali okwanira. Koma tsopano chilengedwechi chikuyeretsa, ndipo masukulu a nsomba izi amabwereranso m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Popeza nyama zam'madzi zambiri sizimatsika, kugwira nsomba za kavalo wakuda ndikosavuta kutulutsa kuchokera kumbali ya bwato, ndi asodzi odziwa - ngakhale gombe. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchita bwino pankhaniyi, maluso akulu sofunikira.
Ndikwabwino kusodza m'miyezi yotentha, kuyamba ndi kuwala koyambirira kwa dzuwa kapena kupita kunyanja dzuwa litalowa. Ngakhale, kwakukulukulu, kugwira nyama yotere pali mwayi nthawi iliyonse. Pochita chidwi ndi kusaka kwawo kwa oyimira ang'ono a nyama zam'madzi komanso kufunafuna chakudya, ma mackerels nthawi zambiri amaiwalika.
Kusambira mu magulu athupi onse, amatopa kwambiri, osazindikira kuyenda kwa mabwato ndi maboti owazungulira, ngakhale kudumphira m'madzi chifukwa chotentha. Makamaka akulumikiza ma mackerel akugwa, akudziponyera nyambo iliyonse, chifukwa zolengedwa zimakhala ndi chidwi chachikulu. Monga nyambo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyongolotsi, zotchuka kwambiri pakati pa asodzi, komanso ziguduli za m'matumbo, zibowo zam'madzi zophika, crustaceans ndi zidutswa za hering'i.
Zida zapausodzi pano ndizosiyana kwambiri: nyumba zoyandama, ndodo zodziwedza ndi ndodo zopota, komabe chingwe chowoneka bwino ndicho chida chabwino kwambiri, monga momwe akatswiri amanenera, ma mackerel ambiri amatha kugwiridwa motere.
Popeza nsomba izi zimayenda m'madzi m'masukulu, zida zosakhudzika zomwe sizikuphatikizika zomwe zili ndi zibalo zambiri ndizothandiza kwambiri. Ndipo zochulukazo, zochulukirapo, ndodo imayenera kusankhidwa. Kryuchkov pa mackerel mahatchi a Nyanja Yakuda mukasodza ndi kuluka ndi chopondera, pafupifupi khumi nthawi zambiri amatengedwa. Zonsezi zizikhala zopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi dzanja lalitali.
Kutchuka kwambiri pogwira nsomba izi kumatchedwa kuti wankhanza. Uku ndikovuta kwambiri, chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito chida m'malo mwa nyambo wamba. Itha kukhala zingwe zopanda zingwe, ulusi, zidutswa za ubweya, nthenga, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa, zomwe zimawonetsedwa ngati madzi, zimakhala ngati nsomba. Zachilendo, sizodabwitsa, nthawi zambiri zimatenga misala yonseyi chifukwa cha nyama yake, ndipo, chifukwa cha chinyengo chonyengachi, zimagwidwa.
Zosangalatsa
Kwa chilichonse chomwe chidalembedwa, pali china chowonjezera. Ndipo zowona zina zosangalatsa za mackerel okoma komanso athanzi zidzaperekedwa pansipa. Zonsezi zimakhudzana ndi mphamvu zake zapamwamba.
- Mackerel owiritsa, chifukwa chamafuta ochulukirapo am'madzi komanso kusowa kwa nyama munyama, amayamikiridwa kwambiri monga chakudya. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga komanso omwe akufuna kuchepetsa thupi,
- Zakudya za nsomba izi zimakhala zothandiza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ziwiya zofowoka komanso mtima, matenda a chithokomiro komanso matenda amanjenje. Zakudya zotere zimalimbikitsa ntchito za ubongo, zimathandizira kukula kwa minofu ndikuthandizira chitetezo cha mthupi,
- Pokonzekera nsombayi, ma mistress amayenera kuchotsa pomwepo mutuwo ndi ma gill omwe ali moyandikana nawo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu gawo ili la thupi lomwe zinthu zoyipa ndi zinyalala zamafuta, zosungunuka m'madzi am'nyanja, zimadziunjikira. Ndipo nzosadabwitsa, chifukwa izi zonse zimalowa m'madzi a nsomba kudzera m'matumba,
- Osankhidwa ndi mchere, nsomba zathu zimawoneka kwambiri ngati mackerel. Koma mosiyana ndi izi, ma mackerel a mahatchi si mafuta kwambiri,
- Za mackerel a mahatchi, chifukwa chosowa mafupa ang'onoang'ono nyama yake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti apange nyama yoboola. Ndipo odulira odabwitsa amapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo,
- M'mbuyomu, njira zambiri zophikira nsomba izi zidalembedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, zimakhala zokoma kwambiri mu mawonekedwe owuma. Koma simungagwiritse ntchito chinthu chobiriwira mulimonse, chifukwa chitha kukhala ndi tiziromboti.
Pomaliza, iyenera kuchenjezedwa kuti ndibwino osazunza aliyense, ngakhale chinthu chamtengo wapatali komanso chothandiza. Ndipo kusadzipereka m'zochitika zonsezo kumavulaza thupi. Chifukwa chake, pakudya ma mackerel, nawonso, ake amakhazikika. Zakudya zotere sizingadye mopitilira 200 magalamu patsiku. Ndipo kuchuluka kwake ndikokwanira kukhutitsa thupi la munthu ndi michere yofunikira, mavitamini ndi mphamvu.
Kufotokozera ndi mitundu
Horse mackerel ndi nsomba yophunzirira ya pelagic yokhala ndi thupi lalitali lopindika lopendekera 30 cm. Zipsepse za Dorsal zimapangidwa bwino, ndipo zipsepse zamakutu zimafupika kuposa pamimba. Thupi la nsomba limakanikizidwa pambuyo pake, limatsirizika mu tsinde la caudal. Kumbuyo kumakutidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono amtundu wonyezimira, ndipo m'mimba ndi siliva. Chingwe chakumapeto chimayimilidwa ndi zishango za mafupa okhala ndi malekezero ofanana omwe amapanga mzere wa meta, owopsa kwa adani. Chimateteza ma mackerel a mahatchi kwa achibale akuluakulu - tuna, hering'i, mackerel. Chiyembekezo pamoyo wake ndi zaka 9. Monga chilombo, imadyera shrimp, cephalopods, nsomba zazing'ono, zooplankton ndi benthic invertebrates.
Ma mackerel a mahatchi amakhala m'madzi ofunda, amasunga pafupi pansi, samapita kwambiri kuzama, amakhala m'derali pafupi ndi mashelufu amphepete mwa nyanja. Imasakidwa mumthumba lalikulu m'madzi, ndikupanga kuthamanga mpaka 80 km / h.
M'malo otentha, subtropics, nsomba zimatulutsa chaka ndi chaka, komanso m'madzi apakatikati - nthawi yofunda. Ma mackerel aakazi achikazi amakhala ndi chonde kwambiri, chilichonse chimataya mazira pafupifupi 200,000 nthawi imodzi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kufikira zaka chimodzi, mwachangu amathawira kwa nyama yomwe imadyera pansi pa utoto wa jellyfish. Achinyamata amadya ku zooplankton.
Nyama ndi nsomba yopanda mafupa ang'onoang'ono, yofewa komanso yokoma ndi kukoma komanso kununkhira kwakanthawi.
Mtengo wamalonda wa mackerel wamahatchi ndizovuta kugula. Imakokedwa, kuwiritsa, kusuta komanso kuyanika. Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba zam'nyanja zimaphikidwa, zimasungunuka ndikukazidwa. Chakudya champhika chimakonzedwa kuchokera mu mafuta a masamba kapena msuzi wa phwetekere, zokhwasula-khwasula / zotentha, sopo, pastes.
Pakadali pano, banja la ma mackerel a mahatchi limaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 150 ya nsomba.
Oimira otchuka:
- Mwachizolowezi (Atlantic). Amakhala kunyanja zam'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean, kumpoto, chakuda ndi Baltic, Nyanja ya Atlantic, madzi am'mphepete mwa South Africa ndi Argentina. Kutalika kwa thupi la mackerel a Atlantic sikudutsa 50 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 1.5 kg.
- Kumwera. Imapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, New Zealand, Australia. Nsombazo zimafikira mumtsinje wamadzi mpaka 300. Mutu ndi mkamwa ndizambiri, thupi limafika kutalika kwa 60 cm, ma spines asanu ndi atatu amakhala okhazikika pamapeto oyambira amoyo.
- Mediterranean (Nyanja Yakuda ya Stavrida). Habitat: Marmara, Black, Mediterranean ndi Azov Seas, Nyanja ya Atlantic. Chingwe cham'mbali cha mackerel chaphimbidwa ndi scute mafupa. Kutalika kwa wachikulire kumatengera chakudya komanso malo omwe akukula komanso amasintha kuchokera 20 mpaka 50 cm. Mtundu wamimba ndi loyera, siliva ndi kumbuyo.
Ma mackerel amahatchi apamtunda ali ndi mitundu iwiri: Nyanja Yakuda ndi Mediterranean.
- Chijapani Kumakhala Nyanja Yaku East China, madzi aku Korea ndi South Japan. Mukugwa amapezeka pagombe la Primorye. Nsomba zimakhala pakuya kwa 50-275 mamita pansi pamadzi. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika 35-50 cm.
- Peruvian (waku Chile). Malo omwe amakhala amakhala monga New Zealand, Peru, Chile, South Pacific ndi Australia. Kutalika kwa nsomba yayikulu kumafika masentimita 20 mpaka 40. Kusambira mwakuya kwa 15-60 m.
M'malo otentha a Pacific, nyanja za Indian ndi Atlantic, ma mackerel agolide kapena khumi. Chizindikiro chake chomwe ndi zipsepse zowonjezera zomwe zimakhala kumbuyo kwa dorsal yachiwiri ndi zipsepse zamkati. Thupi la ma mackerel okwera pamafayilo pafupifupi limakhala lozungulira, lopanda kukakamizidwa pambuyo pake. Kumbuyo kwake, mzere wotsatira wake umakutidwa ndi zishango. Mano amapezeka palilime, mafupa a palatine, nsagwada ndi masanzi.
Ma mackerel amahatchi amakhala m'gulu la nsomba zofunikira kwambiri zamalonda. Chaka chilichonse, nsomba zawo zimasiyanasiyana kuchoka pa matani 300 miliyoni mpaka matani miliyoni miliyoni. Ndikosangalatsa kuti ku Peruvia kavalo wa mackerel amapanga 90% ya zomwe amapanga.
Kodi nsomba zimayamba bwanji?
Chomwe chimasiyanitsa nsomba kuchokera kwa achibale ake ambiri ndikuti nsomba zimasambira m'madzi ofunda a mayiko otentha pafupifupi chaka chonse. M'miyezi yotentha, ma mackerel amakondera kuyikira mazira pakati pamadzi.
Ma mackerel a mahatchi amaonedwa kuti ndi nsomba yabwino kwambiri, imatha kukhala mazira miliyoni mpaka mazana awiri nthawi imodzi.
Utoto utangotulutsa mazira, osakwanitsa zaka chimodzi, umakhala wolumikizana ndi dome la jellyfish, motero umathawa adani. Nsomba zazing'ono zimadyanso zooplankton.
Mtengo wazakudya ndi mankhwala. kapangidwe
Mtundu wa mackerel wamahatchi amadziwika kuti ndiwosangalatsa kuposa "mlongo" wake wam'nyanja. Nyama ya nsomba iyi ndi mafuta apakatikati, achifundo, alibe mafupa ang'onoang'ono. Itha kumazinga, kuwaza mchere, kuwuma, kuphika mu uvuni, kuwiritsa msuzi wa nsomba ndikupanga nsomba. Zakudya zamzitini zamahatchi ndizotchuka kwambiri.
Ma mackerel a mahatchi ndi othandiza pamtima wamunthu, chifukwa uli ndi mafuta okwanira a omega-3 acid. Lilinso ndi zinthu zina zambiri zofunikira - chitsulo, phosphorous, potaziyamu, magnesium, ayodini, zinc, sodium, manganese, molybdenum, fluorine, cobalt ndi chromium. Komanso phosphorous imakhudza bwino dongosolo lamanjenje ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, ndipo ayodini amatulutsa kagayidwe, kamakhazikika hemoglobin m'mwazi ndikulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.
100 magalamu 100 a mankhwala:
Zopatsa mphamvu - 114 kcal
Vitamini A - 0,01 mg
Vitamini PP - 7.3 mg
Vitamini B1 - 0,17 mg
Vitamini B2 - 0,12 mg
Vitamini B6 - 0,5 mg
Vitamini B9 (Folic Acid) - 10 mcg
Vitamini C - 1.5 mg
Vitamini E - 0,9 mg
Vitamini PP - 10,7 mg
Ma mackerel owopsa
Malinga ndi akatswiri ena, kuphatikiza kwa nsomba zokongola kumakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala enaake, komwe kumayambitsa kusokonekera kwa mitsempha. Chifukwa chake, kuvutitsidwa kwa mbale yama mackerel sikulimbikitsidwa kwa ana ndi amayi apakati.
Mukamadula ma mackerel, onetsetsani kuti mwachotsa mutu: ndi gawo ili la nsomba zomwe zinthu zoyipa zam'madzi am'madzi zimadziunjikira.
Mukamadya ma mackerel a mahatchi, ndikofunikira kuti muthe kuchiritsa mtembowo chifukwa nsomba iliyonse yaiwisi ndi yomwe ingayambitse matenda ambiri.
Horsefish mackerel: zosakaniza
Ngati mwagula nsomba yabwino, ndiye kuti muyenera kuphika khutu kuchokera pamenepo. Pazifukwa zotere, mackerel a Black Sea ndiwofunikira. Maphikidwe a nsomba zotere ndizosavuta kwakuti ngakhale mkazi wosazindikira sangathe kuzigwira.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti khutu lakonzedwa kuchokera kuzomwe zimapezeka kwambiri, koma zimakoma kwambiri.
- Lita limodzi ndi theka la madzi.
- Ma mackerel a mahatchi - 0,8 kg.
- Mbatata - 5 zidutswa.
- Kaloti imodzi.
- Allspice.
- Mmodzi anyezi.
- Tsabola wakuda.
- Greens (katsabola, parsley, cilantro).
- Batala - 20 g.
- Tsamba la Bay.
Kuphika nsomba msuzi
Nsombayo iyenera kutsukidwa mkati ndi m'mafupa pochotsa kaphiriko. Dulani mzidutswa. Thirani malita ndi theka lamadzi mu poto, kubweretsa, ndikuwonjezera mchira, mutu ndi wokwera. Kenako, ikani zosefera, zakuda, mutu umodzi wa anyezi ndi tsamba la bay. Timaphika kwa mphindi makumi awiri, kenako ndikuisefa. Dulani mbatata mu cubes ndikuwonjezera msuzi.
Pakalipano, mwachangu mwachangu maroti osankhidwa mu masamba mafuta. Timatumiza magawo a nsomba, kaloti ku msuzi ndikubweretsa. Musaiwale kuchotsa chithovu. Chepetsani kutentha, onjezerani mchere kenako ndikupitiliza kuphika mphindi zina makumi awiri pamoto waung'ono. Sitimaphimba poto ndi chivindikiro. Sikoyenera kusokoneza khutu, chifukwa ndizotheka kuphwanya umphumphu wa zidutswa za nsomba. Mphindi zochepa lisanathe kuphika muyenera kuwonjezera mafuta, izi zimapatsa khutu mafuta. Mukamapereka msuzi wa nsomba, kuwaza ndi zitsamba zatsopano ndikulola kuti zizitulutsa kwa mphindi zingapo.
Wokoka akavalo mackerel
Trout Black Sea ndi wabwino mawonekedwe. Ngati simukudziwa kuphika, ndiye kuti tikugawana nanu Chinsinsi. Mackerel ya Black Sea, monga lamulo, ndi yaying'ono kukula, chifukwa chake amawotchera msanga mokwanira. Lamulo lofunikira ndikutsuka nsomba. Monga mbale yam'mbali, mutha kupaka mbatata, mpunga, komanso saladi.
- Mchere
- Ma mackerel a mahatchi - 1.5 makilogalamu.
- Hafu yagalasi.
- Mafuta ophikira pophika.
Nsombayi idagulidwa iyenera kutsukidwa ndikutsukidwa, kenako ndikutsukidwa. Timazisiya kuti zigonepo pang'ono, kuti mcherewo uzilowa munyama.
Kenako, ikani poto pamoto, kutsanulira mafuta ndikusiya kutentha. Pindani chidutswa chilichonse cha nsomba mu ufa ndikuyika poto. Nsombayo imakokedwa mbali zonse mpaka kutumphuka wagolide. Ikani zidutswa zomaliza papepala kuti mafuta azitha. Ndizo zonse, mackerel a Black Sea ali okonzeka.
Nsomba zophika
Mukamaganiza za momwe mungaphikitsire nyama ya makeke a Black Sea, musaiwale kuti, monga nsomba iliyonse, ingaphikidwe. Njira yophikayi mwina ndiyosavuta. Ngati munagula nsomba zambiri, ndiye kuti simuyenera kukonza chakudyacho, kuphatikiza ma mackerel ngati mbale yodziyimira yokha ndi mandimu kapena saladi wamasamba.
- Ma mackerel a mahatchi - 1.5 makilogalamu.
- Mchere
- Mafuta oyeretsedwa.
- Nyengo za nsomba.
- Ndimu imodzi.
- Rosemary - nthambi imodzi.
Timatsuka nsomba, kutsuka, kudula mutu ndikukutulutsira mkati. Ndiye mchere, kuwaza ndi zonunkhira ndi kuwaza ndi mandimu. Kenako, kuphimba pepala kuphika ndi zikopa, kudzoza ndi mafuta, kuyika zidutswa za nsomba ndi kuwaza ndi rosemary. Kuphika mu uvuni kwa mphindi makumi awiri kutentha kwa madigiri mazana awiri.
Msuzi wa ma mackerel
Mackerel a Black Sea mackerel (maphikidwe omwe timapereka ndi ophweka) ndi nsomba yabwino. Maphunziro okongola oyamba amakonzedweratu. M'mbuyomu tidaganizira momwe khutu limakonzera. Tsopano ndikufuna kupereka chinsinsi chopangira msuzi. Inde inde! Ndi msuzi wokhala ndi ma mackerel. Zimapezeka zokoma komanso zogwira mtima. Zakudya izi zimatengedwa ku zakudya zaku Bulgaria.
Pophika, mufunika zinthu zosavuta.
- Tomato Wophika - 0,7 kg.
- Ma mackerel awiri kapena atatu.
- Uta umodzi.
- Garlic.
- Kaloti imodzi
- Mbatata - 4-5 zidutswa.
- Zonunkhira, mchere, masamba mafuta.
Defrost kwambiri, anga. Timatsuka masamba onse a msuzi. Dulani anyezi, kaloti ndikutsegula mtsuko wa tomato. Kenako, nsomba zimafunikira kuwiritsa m'madzi ochepa amchere. Onjezani nthambi ya parsley ku msuzi ndikuphika kwa pafupifupi mphindi khumi, kenako chotsani nsomba ndikulola kuti chikume. Pakalipano, mu poto, mwachangu anyezi ndi kaloti. Kenako yikani tomato wophika ndi msuzi, kupaka masamba onse kwa mphindi makumi awiri.
Timasiyanitsa nyama ya ma-mackerel kwa njere ndikuyikhadzula tating'onoting'ono. Tsopano mu nsomba zomwe timayika nsomba, ndiwo zamasamba, mbatata. Kuphika msuzi kwa mphindi makumi atatu pa moto wochepa. Mphindi zochepa musanaphike, onjezani zitsamba, adyo ndi zonunkhira. Msuzi wakonzeka!
Kwa chakudya ichi ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ku Bulgaria zokometsera, zimayenda bwino ndi nsomba ndikupatsa fungo labwino.
Saladi ya Horse Mackerel
Mackerel wakuda wakuda (chithunzi chimaperekedwa m'nkhaniyi) ndiabwino kupanga saladi. "Mimosa" wodziwika bwino, monga lamulo, amakonzedwa panthawi ya tchuthi cha Chaka Chatsopano, koma palibe amene amada nkhawa kukonzekera saladiyo nthawi ina iliyonse, makamaka popeza ndizosavuta kupanga.
Komabe, chinsinsi chathu ndi chosiyana pang'ono ndi mtundu wakale. Sitigwiritsa ntchito anyezi ndi mbatata, koma tidzasinthanitsa ndi nthenga za anyezi ndi mpunga.
- Makani osenda kapena otentha osuta - 300 magalamu.
- Hafu ya kapu.
- Mazira asanu.
- Anyezi amadyera.
- Kaloti anayi.
- Mchere
- Tsabola wakuda (pansi).
- Mayonesi - paketi.
Timakonza zosakaniza zonse, kuziwiritsa. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito kuphika kavalo wamatumbo kuphika, ndiye kuti muyenera kuwukanda ndi foloko. Ngati nsombayo yaswedwa, imayenera kutsukidwa ndi kuduladula tizinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Tengani mbale yofunika kwambiri ya saladi, mafuta pansi ndi mayonesi ndikuyala pamwamba pa mpunga, womwe umafunikiranso kuthira mafuta. Kenako, ikani nsomba pamwamba, pamwamba pakepo wobiriwira, musaiwale kuphimba aliyense ndi mayonesi. Kenako timakonkha chilichonse ndi mapuloteni otsekemera pamwamba, ndikuyika karoti wowiritsa. Pamene zigawo zonse zayikidwa, zovekedwa ndi mayonesi, zowazidwa ndi tsabola, mutha kukongoletsa saladiyo ndi mazira a grated pamwamba. Kenako timatumiza mbale ku firiji kuti zigawo zonse zikhutire.
Mtengo wachuma
Malo akuluakulu osambira nsomba za ma mackerel amapezeka ku Atlantic, komanso ku Mediterranean ndi Black Seas. Imagwira pogwiritsira ntchito pelagic ndi pansi pa trawls, zikwama zamatumba ndimiyala. Ku South Coast, ndi chinthu chosakira masewera, pomwe chimagwidwa bwino kwambiri kuchokera ku piqu kupita ku Rulex. Malinga ndi FAO, mu 1999 ntchito za mafakitale zidakwana matani 12,898. Kugwira kwakukulu kwambiri kunapangidwa ndi Turkey (matani 9,220) ndi Greece (matani 3,534). M'madzi a Sevastopol, nsomba za ma mackerel zidagwa kuchoka pa matani 318 mu 2008 kufika matani 62 mu 2011. Zimagulitsidwa mwatsopano ndi zamzitini, komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nsomba zochokera nsomba.
Zodziwika za usodzi wa kavalo wa Black Sea mackerel
Monga momwe amasonyezera, kuwedza nsomba za mahatchi a Black Sea sikufuna chidziwitso chowonjezera ndi luso, chifukwa chake ndioyenera ngakhale oyamba kumene. Chakudya chachikulu cha mackerel a mahatchi chimakhala ndi tinsomba tating'ono, timene timaphatikizapo hamsa ndi nsomba zina zing'onozing'ono. Pakusaka, ma mackerel a mahatchi amalumpha kuchokera m'madzi pagululo.
Mutha kugwira mackerel a mahatchi nthawi ina iliyonse masana, koma nthawi yabwino kwambiri yosodza ndiyo nthawi yoyamba kulowa ndi kutuluka kwa dzuwa. Ndizofunikiranso kudziwa kuti nsomba zazikulu kwambiri za mackerel zimapezeka mu Ogasiti ndi Seputembala.Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yophukira, ma pachesi a ma mackerel amalimbikira kwambiri ndipo mu theka la ola la asodzi otere mutha kudzaza chidebe chonse ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Scad saopa phokoso la zisoti zazikulu. Monga nsomba yodya nyama, imakhala ndi chilakolako chambiri, kudya chilichonse motsatira popanda kuwona nyambo. Wagwidwa bwino paming'alu yazing'onoting'ono, pachingwe chaNyanja Yakuda ndi ma crustaceans. Upangiri wapaulendo wama novice: Nyambo yabwino kwambiri yosodza mahatchi a mackerel yophika shrimp.
Njira zakusodzi za kavalo wakuda ndi makina ofunikira
Mutha kugwira ma mackerel pamahatchi osiyanasiyana: ndodo yopota yayitali, ndodo yakuwedza kuchokera kumbali kapena ukonde woyandama. Ndikofunikira kupha nsomba za ma mackerel osagwiritsa ntchito mphuno yopindika yokhala ndi mbedza zambiri. Pankhaniyi, lamulo la golide limagwira ntchito: ndikachulukanso kuchuluka kwa zibowolezo, ndiye kuti ndodoyo ikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mutha kugwira ma mackerel pamahatchi, njirayi ndi yothandiza kwambiri makamaka posodzitsa nsomba.
Ubwino wawukulu wa njirayi ndikuti chingwe chosodza sichisokonezedwa ndi zida zomwe zili pafupi. Zotsatira zake, ma hatchi a mackerel Nyanja Yakuda ikulanda nyambo mwachangu ndipo asodziwo amangoyigwira. Nthawi zambiri, kuwedza kwa Black Sea mackerel m'njira yomwe tafotokozayi kuli ndi zinthu zotsatirazi: msewu wocheperako, wowala umagwiritsidwa ntchito, kutalika kwake kumasiyana 3 mpaka 5 mita (imakhala ndi chikwapu chochepa thupi ndi mzere wasodzi wokhala ndi mulifupi wa 0 mm), ndipo katundu wonyamula masekeli asanu ndi maulendo angapo okhala ndi mzere wausodzi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito 0.18 mm, mbedza iyenera kukhala yonyezimira, ya siliva yachisanu kapena yachisanu ndi chimodzi.
Mukamagwira ma mackerel pamahatchi oyambira ngalawa yothamanga, mudzafunika zovala zapamwamba, zovala zakunja zotentha, zida zapamwamba kwambiri, chidebe chosakira anthu omwe agwidwa, madzi okwanira ndi chakudya (popeza bwatolo limayenda m'mawa m'mawa kwambiri ndikubwerera usiku). Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi ya usodzi, mufunika chingwe choluka ndi mawonekedwe apadera a inertialess mawonekedwe komanso chikwapu chokhazikika.
Komabe, akatswiri odziwa bwino mawonekedwe awo amati kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yanthawi zonse ya Rostov. Chingwe chachikulu chimayenera kukhala ndi mainchesi a 0.4 mamilimita. Kuphatikiza pa chingwe chodziyimira, mudzafunika kubetcha pamtambo waukulu wopangidwa ndi chingwe wamba chokhala ndi mulifupi wa mamilimita 0.18. Chiwerengero cha maokosi pa kubetcha chiyenera kukhala 9-10 (zibowo ziyenera kukhala ndi mitundu isanu ndi umodzi). Zapadera: kulemera kwa magalamu 120 kuyenera kuyikidwa kumapeto.
Kuwononga nthawi
M'malo otentha (madera otentha ndi otentha) amayamba kuzungulira chaka chonse. M'malo ozizira kwambiri, kumawaza kokha nthawi yotentha. Mutha kuwona pachithunzi cha ma mackerel aanthu ambiri okhala m'matumba. Ndizosadabwitsa, chifukwa zazikazi ndizochulukirapo ndipo zimatulutsa mazira 200 kwa nthawi imodzi.
Malo ndi nthawi ya usodzi
Miyezi yabwino kwambiri ya usodzi ndi Ogasiti-Seputembala, koma kupezeka kwabwino kumatsimikiziridwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Kusodza mahatchi a mackerel kuchokera pagombe ndizotheka, koma ndibwino kukoka ma kilomita ochepa kuchokera pagombe.
Kuthawirako kwambiri sikuli koyenera, chifukwa nsomba zimakhala m'mbali mwa nyanja. Pofika nyengo yozizira, pofika nthawi yophukira, muyenera kuyang'ana malo m'malo osintha mozama.
Mtengo wasodzi
Kusodza kwa Nyanja Yakuda kwa ma mackerel akutsika ndipo ndikofunikira kwambiri pantchito yosodza. Mokulira, mosasamala kanthu za dera, nsomba zonse zomwe zimagwidwa zimatha kufika matani 1.5 miliyoni.
Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ya ku Peru imapanga 90% ya kuchuluka kumeneku. Mwa asodzi aku Russia, mackerel wamba akavalo akadali woimira kwambiri.
Kupangidwa kwamankhwala
Ubwino wazakudya za mackerel a mahatchi zimatengera mtundu wophika. 130 kcal imakhazikika mu 100 g ya fillet yophika, 190 kcal yokazinga. Zopatsa mphamvu za calorie zamzitini mu mafuta zimawonjezeka mpaka 238 kcal.
Kukula kwa Mphamvu B: F: Mu nsomba ndi 65%: 35%: 0%.
Mu nthawi yophukira, ma mackerel a mahatchi amapeza 15% yamafuta amtengo wapatali a nsomba, ndichifukwa chake amavomereza kwambiri asodzi munthawi imeneyi.
Zofunika kwambiri: madzi oyera kapena nsomba zam'nyanja
Nsomba ndi chinthu chofunikira chopatsa thanzi m'thupi la munthu, kudzikonzanso ndizosunga mapuloteni apamwamba kwambiri, mavitamini A, C, B, E, mankhwala achilengedwe. Ndizosangalatsa kuti chiyembekezo cha moyo wa anthu omwe amakhala pafupi ndi malo am'madzi komanso kudya zakudya zam'nyanja nthawi zonse ndizotalika zaka 5 mpaka 5 kuposa anthu omwe samawadya. Malo oyamba ndi a anthu okhala ku Monaco (zaka 89), wachiwiri - Macau (zaka 84), wachitatu - Japan (zaka 83). Monga mukuwonera, maikowa ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean, South China ndi Japan.
Amapezeka kuti mapuloteni am'madzi amapatsa thanzi kuposa nkhuku ndipo ndizosavuta kugaya kuposa nyama. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu okhala munyanja yakuya, mosiyana ndi abale amchere, amakhala ndi ma omega-3 acids, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino. Ma PUFA ndi gawo limodzi lamatumbo am'magazi, momwe zimasinthira ma cell pakati pa maselo amitsempha, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa retina, ubongo, ndi mtima zimadalira.
Chochititsa chidwi, kuchuluka kwa phosphorous ndi calcium mu fillet ya nsomba zam'nyanja ndizokwera 40% kuposa zomwe zili ndi macronutrients mu apricots zouma ndi zoumba. Kuphatikiza apo, ma mackerel a mahatchi amakhala ndi ayodini, omwe samapezeka m'madzi oyera.
Amakhulupirira kuti ndikamadya pafupipafupi nsomba 100 zam'madzi tsiku lililonse, chiopsezo chodwala matenda a mtima chimachepetsedwa. Pomwe nyama yam'madzi abwino imatha kupangira zitsulo zolemera, radionuclides ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuchokera kumalo owononga kwambiri. Ndizosadetseka kuposa nsomba zam'madzi ndipo ndizochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi michere, mavitamini ndi amino acid.
Kuthandiza kwa mahatchi a mackerel
Mu 2004, zolembedwa za mackerel zidalembedwa: Matani 80 amtunduwu adagwidwa m'madzi a Nyanja ya Mediterranean.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa omega-3, nsomba zam'madzi zimatengedwa kupita ku chakudya cha anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la metabolic ndi matenda amtima: ndi matenda oopsa, ischemia, ndi atherosclerosis.
Ubwino wakudya ma mackerel a mahatchi:
- Imaperekanso zinthu zomanga thupi (mapuloteni) popanga ziwalo, minofu, maselo, hemoglobin, mahomoni ndi ma enzymes, komanso kaphatikizidwe kazakudya.
- Imathandizira chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, ndikuchiwonjezera ndi ayodini, komanso imakhala ndi anti-yotupa.
- Sichilemetsa chimbudzi, chifukwa chake chimawonetsedwa kuti chizigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyama yothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ammimba.
- Kuchulukitsa chiyembekezo chamoyo.
- Imasintha khungu.
- Normalization wamanjenje.
- Amachepetsa cholesterol, poletsa kukula kwa matenda a mtima. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti mukamadya nsomba zam'nyanja 1-2 pamwezi, chiwopsezo chamatopa chimachepetsedwa ndi 22%, ndikuwopseza mtima kawiri.
- Ili ndi antitumor zotsatira.
- Imalimbitsa minofu ya mafupa, chitetezo cha mthupi.
Mu mawonekedwe owiritsa, ma mackerel a mahatchi ndi zakudya zamafuta (130 kcal pa 100 g ya fillet), chifukwa chake amaloledwa kuphatikizidwa ndi zakudya za munthu wonenepa. Makamaka, kuwonera chakudya chama protein a Dukan, Atkins, the Kremlin, Maggi. Kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba kumathandizira khungu lanu chifukwa limathandizira kuti khungu la dermis lisungidwe chinyontho, ndipo chifukwa chake limateteza kuti lisagwe.
Mankhwala Osayimira
Nsomba za ma mackerel ndi nyama yolusa yomwe imatha kuphatikiza mankhwala ena a zebaki, omwe amakhala ndi zovulaza pakupanga kwamanjenje. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri azakudya amavomereza kuti siyiyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi menyu ya ana aang'ono, oyembekezera, azimayi oyembekezera. Kupanda kutero, contraindication kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba kumatha ndi tsankho payekha kwa malonda.
Pancreatitis Fish
Ndi kutupa kwa kapamba, mafuta a nsomba ayenera kuyikidwa pambali pa chakudya cha odwala. Ngakhale phindu lazinthuzo, zimasokoneza ma cell a chiwalo chowonongeka, ndikuwonjezera katundu pa iwo. Vuto lazovuta izi ndikuti pakuwonongeka kwamafuta mumafunikira enzyme yopangidwa ndi kapamba - lipase. Mu gawo lowopsa la matendawa, ntchito ya enzymatic ya chiwalo imaloledwa mwadala kuti zitheke. Zotsatira zake, nthawi imeneyi, lipase siipangidwa mokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta kugaya chakudya.
Ndi kapamba pakukhululuka, ndizololedwa kubweretsa nsomba zomwe zili ndi mafuta osakwana 8% muzakudya za odwala. Izi zikuphatikiza: ma mackerel a mahatchi, bass ya nyanja, carp, cod, nevaga, hake, pike perch, pike, flounder, whiting buluu, pollock, bream. Nthawi yomweyo, kutumikira kumodzi sikuyenera kupitirira 150. Njira yomwe amakonda kuyendetsera mafilimu ndi yotentha kapena yofunda.
Mfundo za kuphika kwa kavalo
Nyama ya nsomba zam'nyanja yopanda mafupa akulu, kukoma, pang'ono. Ma mackerel a mahatchi amagulitsidwa mumitundu yatsopano, yowundana kapena yokazinga (mu mafuta kapena madzi a phwetekere).
Zakudya zikhalidwe zokhala ndi ma mackerel a mahatchi:
- ku Iceland - anyezi wosakanizidwa kapena viniga wosasa,
- ku Turkey - zonunkhira, zitsamba ndi mandimu,
- ku Greece - ndi mitengo ya azitona rosemary ndi wobiriwira,
- ku Japan - ndi ginger, zitsamba zouma,
- ku Russia, Ukraine - adagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe pang'ono amchere, owuma.
Kuwulula bwino kununkhira ndi kukoma kwa nsomba, ndikumasunga zonse zopindulitsa, zimakonzedwa ndikuphatikiza mafuta osachepera kutentha kwambiri.
Momwe mungaphikire mackerel a mahatchi:
- kuphika ndi zitsamba mu uvuni kapena pa grill,
- pangani supu ya chakudya kapena khutu lonunkhira,
- mwachangu popanga chimanga,
- ozizira kapena wotentha.
- kachere ndi viniga wachilengedwe kapena phwetekere,
- pogaya mu minced nyama, momwe kuti kupanga zomangira, ma mpira.
Zakudya zam'madzi zamatumba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sopo, ozizira, ozizira, masangweji. Zitsamba zonunkhira ndi mabulosi owawasa amasakaniza bwino kugogomezera kukoma kwamtundu wa ma mackerel. Nsombazi zimaphatikizidwa ndi masamba a zitsamba zatsopano, masamba ophika, mpunga wakuda.
- Sinthani nthawi ya kutentha kwa nsomba. Chocheperacho, chocheperako chimafunikira kukonzekera. Mtembo wa ma mackerel amahatchi samaphika osaposa mphindi 15-20, ndipo chojambulira - mphindi 7-15.
Kuchiza kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali kumathandizira kuti mavitamini atayike, nsomba imasiya "kugwira" kapangidwe kake ndikusintha kukhala phala lopanda vuto.
- Chotsani fungo lakuthwa la ayodini wamadzi am'madzi. Pazifukwa izi, ma mackerel a mahatchi amanyowa m'madzi acidised ndi mandimu kapena mkaka kwa ola limodzi.
- Simungagwiritse mutu wa nsomba kuphika, chifukwa umayika zinthu zoyipa zomwe zimayambitsa poizoni m'thupi.
- Asanaphike, nyama yam'madzi yam'madzi yam'madzi imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira. Palibe pomwe ingayikidwe mu madzi ofunda kapena otentha, apo ayi imasowa ndikuwoneka yopanda vuto.
- Pakuphika, chithupsa sichiyenera kuloledwa. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi ochulukirapo amasokoneza kukoma kwa ma mackerel. Ngati ndi kotheka, ziyenera kumwedwa pang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, kuphika nsomba pamoto wochepa osaposa mphindi 7-20, kutengera ndi kukula kwa chidacho mumadzi ochepa.
Ubwino wa mbaleyo zimatengera mtundu wachakudya. Pokonzekera nsomba zam'madzi, muyenera kuyang'ana mtembo mosamala. Iyenera kukhala yopanda mawanga ndi ntchofu, yokutidwa kwathunthu ndi masikelo ndi maso owoneka bwino, makatani ofiira owala, fungo la ayodini. Osagula mazira oundana ndi madzi oundana omwe amakhala ndi madontho oyera mu phukusi la opaque. Dongosolo la glaze liyenera kukhala yunifolomu kutalika konse ndipo, chabwino, osapitirira 5 mm. Kuphatikiza apo, onetsetsani kuti mtembowo uli ndi makonzedwe oyenera, osasokoneza, osayenerana ndi ma kink.
Zakudya zam'madzi
Ndondomeko yamapuloteni ochepetsa thupi omwe cholinga chake ndi kukhutiritsa njala, kupatsa mphamvu minofu, kuwotcha mafuta osaneneka. Ubwino wawukulu wa njirayi ndi kuthamanga kwothamanga kwambiri ndikuchepetsa kwakanthawi zotsatira zake. Zotsatira zake, ma kilogalamu otayika samabweranso atangomaliza maphunzirowo, monga zimakhalira ndi zakudya zitatu ndi zisanu zachangu. Zakudya zoyipa zam'madzi ndizakudya zopanda malire. Zotsatira zake, mapuloteni amathandizira kuchotsa calcium ndi phosphorous m'thupi, zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi kuwonongeka mumikhalidwe ya tsitsi, misomali, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mafupa kusokonekera. Kuphatikiza apo, katundu pa impso ukuwonjezeka. Matenda a m'mimba, kapamba, matenda am'mimba, matenda aimpso, kukanika kwa matumbo, kuchuluka kwa magazi.
Pakadalibe matendawa, nsomba zowiritsa zokhala ndi mafuta ochepa komanso apakatikati (mahatchi a mackerel, pollock, hake kapena navaga) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chofunikira kwambiri pazakudyazo. Nthawi yomweyo, njira ina yothandizira (kusuta, kuyanika, kuwaza) ndizoletsedwa.
Zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi nsomba: amadyera, beets, nkhaka, kabichi, kaloti, tsabola wokoma. Mukamadya, muyenera kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mchere ndi zonunkhira, kumwa malita atatu amadzi patsiku.
Zakudya zamasiku 7 kwa masiku 7 (opanda 5 kg):
- kadzutsa - apulo - 1 pc, dzira yophika - 1 pc, tiyi wobiriwira wopanda masamba - 250 ml,
- nkhomaliro - nkhaka - 1 pc., nsomba yophika (hake) - 200 g,
- nkhomaliro - kanyumba tchizi (mpaka 5%) - 100 g, nsomba yophika (kavalo mackerel) - 200 g, saladi wamasamba ndi zitsamba - 200 g,
- tiyi wamadzulo - tiyi wobiriwira wopanda shuga - 300 ml,
- chakudya chamadzulo - letesi - ma PC 5., tchizi chochepa kwambiri - tchizi - 150 g, nsomba yophika (pollock) - 200 g,
- asanagone - tiyi wobiriwira - 200 ml.
Amaloledwa kudya kefir 1%, shrimp yophika, zipatso za zipatso. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndizikonda kwambiri nsomba zatsopano, koma sizoletsedwa kuphika nyama yakufunda.
Kutalika kwambiri kwa kukumbukira kwa mwana ndi milungu iwiri. Ngati ndi kotheka, bwerezaninso zakudya zamapuloteni ziyenera kupuma pafupifupi miyezi 2,5.
Pomaliza
Horse mackerel ndi gulu lodzigulitsa la nsomba, chomwe ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe amapanga mafupa m'mphepete mwa mzere wotsatira. Amapangidwa kuti azigwadira thupi lake posambira mwachangu, komanso kuti aziteteza kwa adani. Akatswiri azakudya amawona kuti nyama yamahatchi ya mackerel imakhudzanso mtima, mitsempha komanso chimbudzi, komanso chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba zam'nyanja (2-3 g pa sabata, 150 g iliyonse), chiopsezo chotenga mafupa, kuchepa kwa magazi, matenda am'mimba, kuphwanya kwa myocardial infarction, stroke, hypothyroidism amachepetsa. Phindu la ma mackerel a mahatchi sakhala ndi izi, limapangitsa kagayidwe, kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, limathandizira pakhungu, limakhazikika pamlingo wa hemoglobin m'magazi, limawonjezera luntha lamphamvu, magwiridwe antchito, limathandizira kuwopa komanso kusachita chidwi, ndikukhala ndi liwiro labwino.
Ma mackerel a mahatchi ndi chinthu chopatsa thanzi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika zakudya zokhwasula-khwasula, maphunziro oyamba ndi achiwiri. Amathira mchere, kusuta, kuwuma, kuwotchera, kuwotchera, kuwiritsa ndi kukazinga. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amapezeka, kuchuluka kwa ma omega-3,6 acids, mavitamini, ma macro- ndi ma microelements ambiri, mapuloteni omwe amapukusa mosavuta komanso ma amino acid ofunikira, nsomba zam'madzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda kuti athane ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Kwa sabata lotsatira menyu a protein, mutha kuchotsa mpaka 5 kg.
Kufunika kwa ma mackerel a mahatchi kumatengera momwe amakhala. Nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa m'malo opanda kanthu (madzi oyipitsidwa) zimasokoneza thanzi la munthu. Chifukwa chake, kugula kwa katundu kuyenera kupangidwa kokha kuchokera kwa opanga odalirika, kuyika malonda athu pazowunikira.