Matenda am'miyendo ndi pakamwa (Eremias arguta Gmelin. 1789) - mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu yambiri yamtundu wa Eremias. okhala m'malo owuma ndi ouma kwambiri kuchokera kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Romania kumadzulo mpaka kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Mongolia kummawa. Ku Russia, mitunduyi imaphatikizapo zigawo zakumwera kwa gawo la Europe mkati mwa Middle and Lower Don. Pansi Volga ndi North Caucasus.

Matenda amiyendo ndi pakamwa amtundu wambiri ndi nyama yamtundu wokulirapo, wokhala ndi thupi lokwera mpaka 75-85 mm. Thupi limakutidwa ndi mbewu zazing'ono, mamba osalala. Pansi pa chishango cha orbital, sichigwira m'mphepete pakamwa ndipo imalekanitsidwa ndi zishango zapamwamba za manja. Pakati pa supraorbital ndi apamwamba kwambiri scute pamakhala mizere 1-2 ya mbewu. Chishango chamkati cham'maso ndichimodzi, ndipo kutalika kwake ndikochepa poyerekeza ndi mulifupi (mulingo uwu, monga lamulo, 0.54-0.96). Zikopa za Mandibular 4 kapena 5, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zowonjezera zina. Mero imakhwima mpaka pachiphuphu chachitatu kapena chachiwiri. Mwendo wakumbuyo umakutidwa ndi mizera italiitali yautundu. Zishango zakunja ndizazikulu kwambiri. Ma pores achikazi angapo safika pa bondo.

Mbali yakumtunda yamatenda amiyala yamiyendo yamkaka yambiri ndi utoto utoto. Mtundu wa achikulire umapangidwa ndi mizere yazitali zoikika ndi utoto wakuda. Miyendo kumtunda ndi malo akulu akulu ozunguliridwa ndi mkombero wakuda. Mbali yamkati ndi yoyera. Mwa achichepere, kumbuyo kumakhala mizere yayitali yochita kuyera, nthawi zambiri yokhala ndi mzere wowunika.
Matenda amiyala yamiyendo yambiri komanso pakamwa amakhala pamchenga wokhazikika komanso wopanda mphamvu. Pakakhala ngozi, monga lamulo, amayesa kuthawa ndi kuthawira kumalo okhala pafupi. Mukamayendetsa zigzag, amayamba kuthamanga kwambiri, kukweza thunthu ndi mchira. Matendawa amagwira pakamwa ndikuyesetsa kuti amasule ndikuluma wopondayo, monga buluzi wina, amataya mchira wake.

Mtundu wa ZITHU

Monga pobisalira mitundu yambiri ya phazi komanso pakamwa imagwiritsa ntchito zotchinga zake, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakumba pansi pazitsamba. Malowedwe ake ndi ozungulira. Khomo la dzenje limatha kuwonetsedwa, komabe, lakumwera limapambana. Pamchenga, kuya kwakuya kwambiri kumatha kufika 30 cm ndikutalika kwa masentimita 15 mpaka 35. Kuphatikiza ndi ake, matenda am'mapazi ndi pakamwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mabowo okumba, ming'alu ya dothi, ndudu za udzu ndi zitsamba monga malo osungira kwakanthawi.
Mwachilengedwe, nthenda ya kumapazi ndi pakamwa kumpoto kwa mtunduwu imawonedwa kuchokera hafu yachiwiri ya Epulo mpaka theka loyamba la Okutobala, ndipo kumwera kuyambira pakati pa Marichi mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Nthawi yamasika, abuluzi amatha kupezeka nthawi zambiri kuyambira maola 10 mpaka 16 pa kutentha kwa + 12 ° C ndi kupitilira apo. Kutuluka kwa zinyama kumalo okhala m'malimwe kumawonedwa pafupifupi maola 7, kuchuluka kwa misonkhano kumawonjezeka kwambiri ndi maola 14, pambuyo pake kuchepa kwawo kumadziwika. Pofika 17 h, ntchito za repitili zimakulanso. Mu nyengo yamitambo pamtunda wotsika (+ 12-15 ° C), anthu osakhazikika amodzi amawonekera kuyambira 9 h, ndipo kutentha kukukwera (18 + C ndi kupitilira), ngakhale kuli konyowa, zochita za nyama zimayambiranso. Kutentha kwapakati pa gawo lapansi pazaka zochuluka kwambiri za abuluzi kuchokera ku +22 mpaka +31 ° C.

Nthawi yakukhwima m'matenda amiyendo ndi pakamwa yambiri imayamba patangotha ​​nthawi yochepa yochoka, ndipo mu Meyi-June mazira amayikidwa. Nthawi yobala nthawi yayitali kwambiri munthawi yayitali matenda amiyendo yamkamwa ndi pakamwa imawoneka kuti imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusasinthika kwa nthawi imodzi kwama follicles amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana.
Mu clutch pamakhala mazira awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri 5.5-14,5 mm ndi masekeli 0,35-0.50 g.ikazi imayikira mazira m'makola kapena m'makumba okumbika makamaka pakuya masentimita 6 mpaka 5 mulingo wonyowa mokwanira komanso
malo dzuwa. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mazira onse amaikidwa pamalo opingasa.
Kutalika kwa makulitsidwe, kutengera nyengo, ndi masiku 60 kapena 60. Maonekedwe a ana osapsa ndi thunthu ndi mchira kutalika kwa 25- 34 ndi 36-41 mm, motsatana, ndi masekeli pafupifupi 0.4 g, awonedwa kuyambira theka loyamba la Julayi.

Monga mamembala ambiri amtundu, mitundu yambiri ya phazi komanso pakamwa makamaka osatetezeka. Mtundu wake umayang'aniridwa ndi kafadala, Lepidoptera ndi Hymenoptera, komanso nsikidzi, Orthoptera, Diptera. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito zamasamba pazakudya kudadziwika.
Kusunga awiriwo mitundu yambiri ya phazi komanso pakamwa malo operewera okhala ndi malita 30 ndioyenera. zomwe zimatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku aquarium wamba. Popeza nyama izi zimapezeka makamaka pamchenga wamchenga, pansi pa terarium iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mchenga wokhala ndi masentimita osachepera 10: kuyambitsa mchenga kuchokera pansi ndikofunikira. Ndi kupopera mankhwalawa nthawi zonse, mutha kuchita popanda mbale yomwera, komabe, ndikofunikira kuyikapo, chifukwa, matenda am'miyendo ndi pakamwa nthawi zina amamwa mwakufuna kwawo ndipo ngakhale amatenga njira zamadzi. Monga malo okhala, mutha kuyika nthambi za mitengo, mitengo yoterera.
Kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kusungidwa mkati mwa + 22-30 ° C, usiku - 4-6 °. M'makona amodzi a terarium, nyale iyenera kuyimitsidwa kuti imathira dothi mpaka 32 ° C. Chinyezi cha wachibale mpaka 60%.

Mtundu wa ZITHU

Pansi pa mikhalidwe ya Fie, zofuna za matenda amtumbo ndi mkamwa zamitundu yambiri zitha kudyetsedwa ndi chakudya chilichonse chamoyo, choyenera: makalabu, maphemwe, nsikidzi, mbozi, ndi mphutsi za ufa. Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera trnvitamin ndi calcium glycerophosphate ku chakudya. Ndikofunikira kudyetsa tsiku ndi tsiku monga kuchuluka kwa ma cicake ang'onoang'ono a 3-5 pamunthu aliyense.

Pamaso pa anthu ochepa komanso kudyetsa bwino kwathunthu, kubereka kungachitike. Kuti akometse nyamazo, amakonza "kuzizira" (kutsitsa kutentha mpaka 8-12 ° C). Pambuyo pamiyezi iwiri kapena itatu, kutentha mu terrarium kumawonjezereka, ndipo okhalamo amapatsidwa chakudya choyamba.
Posachedwa, nthawi zambiri pakatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu, nthawi yakukhwima imayamba: yamphongo imathamangitsa chikazi, pambuyo pake mano ake amakhala pamimba, m'chiuno ndi mchira. Masabata atatu kapena anayi atatha kukhwima, mbalameyi imayikira mazira awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri mink kapena ndikumbowo.
Kutentha kwa 30 ° C, makulitsidwe amatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Achikulire pakugonana mitundu yambiri ya phazi komanso pakamwa Khalani mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo ndi matupi akulu 48 mm kapena kupitilira.

Mawonekedwe

Matenda am'miyendo ndi pakamwa amtundu wambiri omwe amatha kupezeka ku Anapa ndi osavuta kuwazindikira, chifukwa kukula kwake kumatha kufika masentimita khumi, ndipo mukawonjezera kutalika kwa mchira, mumapeza masentimita 20 onse. Thupi limakutidwa ndi masikelo yaying'ono, mutu umakutidwa ndi zikopa zazikulu. Pa chitetezo chamtsogolo, kulekanitsidwa kwakanthawi kumawonekera, kutseguka kwamlomo kumawonekera bwino. Chizindikiro chalongosoledwa, nsagwada zimakhala ndi mano.

Kumbuyo kwa buluzi kumakutidwa ndi mawanga amdima, nthawi zina mumatha kuwona mitsinje yowala. Zonsezi zojambulidwa ndizofunikira kuti zibisike. Mbalame zodya nyama, zomwe sizileka kudya matenda ammiyendo ndi pakamwa, zimataya nyama yokongola chifukwa cha kuthawa.

Zizolowezi

Kwa miyezi yoposa isanu ndi umodzi, nthenda yakumapazi ya pakamwa ndi pakamwa imakhala yokhazikika. Dzuwa litangoyamba kutentha, reptile imayambitsa mphamvu yokhala ndi moyo wakhama. Patatha milungu iwiri itatha hibernation, abambo amapanga njira yofufuza za akwatibwi amtsogolo. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, nthenda ya kumapazi ndi pakamwa imayikira mazira a sentimita imodzi mumchenga wofunda komanso wonyowa. Ndiyenera kunena kuti mchenga wansalu wa Anapa ndi amodzi mwa malo omwe mumakonda kukhalamo. Matenda amiyendo yakumiyendo yamkati ndi pakamwa amamanga nthata mumisipu yamchenga pakati pa mizu ya mbewu. Nthawi zambiri, ming'alu pansi, mabulu akale a makoswe kapena abuluzi ena ndi oyenera kuthawira. Nthawi zambiri abuluzi amagawa bowo limodzi m'magulu awiri.

Buluzi amadya tizilombo, nsikidzi, nkhono, njenjete ndi agulugufe. Dziwani kuti matenda ammiyendo ndi pakamwa ali ndi makutu abwino ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mphatsoyi mwachilengedwe pokasaka bwino. Akamva kachilomboka kakuwala ndi masamba owuma, pomwepo chimayamba kulira, ataona nyama, msakiyo nthawi yomweyo akumeza chakudya chomwe akufuna.

Ngakhale zilombo zamtunduwu, pali adani ambiri pa matenda amtumbo wamkaka ndi pakamwa ku Anapa. Gulu lathu la heroine silimakonda kukondwerera mbalame, agalu, nkhandwe ndi seagull.

Zosangalatsa

Akatswiri amati pantchito yawo ya miyezi isanu pachaka, matenda amiyendo yamkamwa ndi pakamwa mitundu yambiri amasintha khungu katatu. M'mphepete mwa nyanja mumatha kuwona zovala zovomerezeka za buluzi wathu.

Buluzi wamitundu yambiri, amakhala bwinobwino kunyumba. Kuti muchepetse matenda am'miyendo ndi pakamwa, ndikofunikira kuyiyika mu sandarium yamchenga ndikuthandizanso momwe akukhalira mwachilengedwe. Koma musaiwale kuti maphemwe azakudya za chiweto chanu azigwirira paokha.

13.06.2018

Buluzi wamitundu yosiyanasiyana (lat.Eremias arguta) ndi a banja la Real abuluzi (Lacertidae). Idayamba kufotokozedwa koyamba mu 1773 ndi katswiri wazowona zachilengedwe wa ku Germany komanso wapaulendo wapaulendo Peter Pallas paulendo wake wopita kumadera akumwera a Ufumu wa Russia. Buluzi anamupeza m'dera louma la Caspian.

Wofunsirayo adalandira dzina Lachilatini polemekeza mneneri wachihebri Yeremiya. Ndi mawonekedwe ndi chikhalidwe chake, imafanana ndi buluzi wamba wakhoma (Podarcis muralis). Chamoyo chimadziwikanso ndi liwiro loyenda ndipo chimasinthika mosavuta kumoyo wogwidwa.

Kugawa

Malo omwe amakhala ndi Nyanja Yakuda kuyambira kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Romania mpaka ku Caucasus. Anthu a ku Europe amakhala kumapiri a mchenga ku Danube Delta, m'malo opezekapo a Moldova, Ukraine komanso kumwera kwa Russia. Matenda amiyendo yakumiyendo yamilomo yambiri komanso yofala ku Central Asia, Mongolia, komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa China.

Mpaka pano, mabungwe 6 adadziwika. Ma subspecies a nomine E.a. argute amapezeka makamaka kumadzulo kwa Kazakhstan. Mitunduyi idalembedwa mu Red Book of Moldova, Armenia, Turkmenistan ndi Armenia.

Buluzi limakhala m'matanthwe, zipululu, mapiri komanso nthawi zina nkhalango. Ku Georgia, Tajikistan ndi Kyrgyzstan, imawonedwa pamalo okwera mpaka 2000m pamwamba pa nyanja.

Khalidwe

Chinyama chimakhala chokha. Zochita zimawonekera makamaka m'mawa ndi madzulo. Pobisalira, nyamayo imagwiritsa ntchito zinyalala kapena zinyalala pansi. M'dothi lamchenga, amatha kutulutsa pogona pokha. Kuthawa olusa, kuyesera kubisala tchire lapafupi.

Matenda am'miyendo ndi pakamwa pamitundu yambiri amatha kuyamwa chinyontho kuchokera pakhungu.

Amasonkhanitsa usiku kuchokera kumakoma a mink yake kapena amatenga mame a m'mawa. Amatha kumwa madzi chifukwa cha nyengo m'malo ambiri nthawi zambiri.

Oimira amtunduwu agwera mu hibernation mu Okutobala ndi Novembala, ndipo kudzutsidwa kwamasika kumachitika kuyambira mwezi wa March mpaka Epulo. Chakudyachi chimachokera ku nyerere, akangaude, ziwala, nsikidzi ndi ntchentche.

Kuswana

Kutha msinkhu kumachitika pazaka zakubadwa. Nthawi yakukhwima nthawi zambiri imayamba masiku 15 mpaka 20 atasiya hibernation. Akapezanso mphamvu, zotsalazo zimayamba kubereka. Kukwatitsa kumawonedwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo mpaka Juni. Nyengo, mkazi amatha kupanga awiri.

Pafupifupi, m'mphepete imodzi pali mazira anayi mpaka 10 omwe amayeza 15x7 mm.

Incubation imatha pafupifupi masiku 47-56 pa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa 25 ° -28 ° C. Achichepere kuwaswa kuyambira m'ma Meyi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Julayi. Kutalika kwa matupi awo limodzi ndi mchira ndi 5-6 cm.

Pambuyo pobadwa, achinyamata amabalalirana m'njira zosiyanasiyana pothawira kwawo. Choyamba, abuluzi amadya nsikidzi ndi nyerere zazing'ono, kenako ndikupita pang'onopang'ono kupita ku cholengedwa chachikulu.

Zoyenera, Eremias argute iyenera kusungidwa patokha. Zoyenera kukhala sizili za kuchuluka kwa nyama zapakhomo, koma mu ukapolo ndizovomerezana. Wina wa ziweto akayamba kuponderezana, ndiye kuti ayenera kukhala pansi mwachangu.

Malo ofunikira okwanira 30 malita amafunikira pawiri. Mchenga wokhala ndi makulidwe 8 ​​cm masentimita umathiridwa pansi kuti petayo ikhale ndi mwayi wokumba. Mchenga umafunika kuti uzizilitsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Musayike miyala kapena zinthu zina zolemera pamenepo. Amatha kutsina ndi chokwera pansi.

Malo ochitirako masewerawa amakhala ndi ngodya zodzipatula komanso zotenthetsera. Chinyezi cholimbikitsidwa ndi 50-60%. Masana, matenthedwe amasungidwa pa 25 ° C-35 ° C, ndipo usiku amatha kutsitsidwa mpaka 10 ° C. Kusiyana koteroko kumatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa chilengedwe. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kuyitanitsa hibernation ya miyezi itatu, kutsitsa kutentha mpaka 4 ° C.

Pachilimwe cha abuluzi odzutsa, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kuwonjezera zamadzimadzi ndi ma ray a ultraviolet. Nthawi yoyamba njirayi isakhale yopitilira masekondi 30. Pang'onopang'ono, nthawi yake imasinthidwa kukhala mphindi 4-5, kenako imachepetsedwa tsiku lililonse ndi masekondi 30. Pazifukwa zodzitetezera, kutsanulira mobwerezabwereza kumapeto kwa chilimwe komanso koyambilira kwa nyundo.

Ziweto ndizodyetserako ziweto, mapako ndi mphutsi za ufa. Kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse, zakudya zowonjezera mchere ndi mavitamini zimawonjezeredwa ku chakudya.

Kufotokozera

Kutalika kwa thupi la achikulire kumafika masentimita 8 mpaka 11. Amuna ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazikazi. Mbali yodziwika ndi kupezeka kwa thunthu lonenepa komanso mchira wamfupi.

Mtundu wakumbuyo ndi mchenga kapena bulawuni wowala, wosakhala wowonda kwambiri kapena wobiriwira. Malo oyera ndi oyera amayigawa mozungulira thupi lonse, ndi mikwingwirima yakuda komanso yakuda. Boma lililonse limasiyanasiyana masanjidwe ake omwe amapangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi "maso".

Zala zamiyendo zili ndi zikhadabo. Malo owala ndi amdima akuwonekera bwino pa ma paws. Phokoso la amuna limakhala lalikulu komanso lalikulu kwambiri, ndipo mtundu wake ndi wosiyananso ndi wowala.

Kutalika kwa moyo wamatenda amiyendo amkati ndi mkamwa kuthengo ndi zaka 2-3.

Zizindikiro zakunja za matenda amiyendo amkati ndi pakamwa

Matenda am'miyendo ndi pakamwa pamafupipafupi ali ndi thupi laling'ono, loonda komanso lalitali 6-7.8 masentimita ndi mchira wa 7-10.7 cm. Mutu umadziwika, ndi alonda am'mphuno otupa.

Zishango zamkati mwa minyezi zimagona thupi m'mbali zazitali. Supreorbital scum ndi mbewu zazing'ono. Kukutira kwa infraorbital sikukhudza m'mphepete mwa kamwa. Pakati pa zolumikizira koyambirira kulibe cholunga chaching'ono. Pakati pa thupi - masikelo 37-64. Kumtunda kwa mchira, masikelo ndi osalala, nthawi zina omata pang'ono.

Colour of the kumtunda thupi ndi buffy, imvi, kuwala chikasu, bulauni. Buluzi wachikulire umakongoletsedwa ndi phale lofanana ndi malo amtundu wakuda wosanjikizidwa mikwingwirima yosunthika, kapena madontho owala ndi mawonekedwe, kapena kumbuyo kumakutidwa ndi mizere ya malo owzungulira ozungulira mumalire akuda, kapena malo owala adakonzedwa mwadongosolo. Mtundu ndi mawonekedwe ake kumtunda kwa thupi la buluzi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kumbuyo kwa dothi lozungulira malo omwe nyama zamtchire. M'mimba mwayera. Pamwamba pa miyendo pali malo owala ozungulira kumalire akuda. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi.

Zomwe zimachitika pa matenda amtumbo wapakati komanso pakamwa

Matenda amtambo wamtambo wamtambo ndi pakamwa obisala m'misasa, pogwiritsa ntchito chifukwachi m'miyala, miyala yamakoko osiyanasiyana ndi nyama zina zokumba, ming'alu m'nthaka. M'madzimo, zobisalamo zimabisala kwa adani, ndipo nthawi yozizira hibernate, m'chilimwe amakhala usiku pafupi ndi khomo la dzenje. Kuphatikiza apo, nthenda yakumapazi ndi pakamwa imatha kukumba ndi kupukusa ndima mobisa mpaka 70 cm kutalika ndi 35 cm.

Ntchito yokumba zinthu zazing'onoting'ono zikupitilira nyengo yonse yachilimwe. Munthawi imeneyi, mabowo ambiri amawoneka ndi khomo lophimba, lomwe limaphimbidwa pansi pa zitsamba zamasamba ochepa, zomasulira pang'ono, zolimidwa ndimiyendo yamoto. Pakakhala ngozi, matenda amiyendo yamkamwa ndi pakamwa ambiri amatha kukumbira mwachangu m'nthaka mothandizidwa ndi mayendedwe olimba a thupi lonse.

Kuchulukitsa

Mitunduyi imagawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi amodzi otsatirawo, osiyana, makamaka mitundu yamtundu wamtundu wofotokozedwa pamwambapa ndi zisonyezo zazikulu:

1. Eremias arguta arguta Pallas, 1773 - amagawidwa kumadzulo kwa Kazakhstan.
2. Eremias arguta deserti Gmelin, 1789 - amatenga gawo lonse lakumadzulo kwa njira kuyambira ku Mtsinje wa Ural kummawa mpaka kummawa kwa Ciscaucasia kumwera chakumadzulo.
3. Eremias arguta transcaucasica Darevsky, 1953 - kum'mawa kwa Transcaucasia.
4. Eremias arguta uzbekistanica Cernov, 1934 - Uzbekistan ndi madera akumalire a Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan ndi Tajikistan.
5. Eremias arguta darevskii Tsaruk, 1986 - Basy ya Issyk-Kul ku Kyrgyzstan.
6. Eremias arguta potanini Bedriaga, 1912 - Balkhash ndi Zaysan kukhumudwa ku Kazakhstan.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Amadya kwambiri mitundu yonse ya tizilombo ndi tinthu tina tating'onoting'ono tambiri, tomwe timatumbu, ma orthopterans, nyerere, mbozi, ma dipterans, ndi akangaude ambiri amapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse. Osagwidwa amadyera mitengo ndi mapira. Zikuoneka kuti, zakudya zamasamba sizimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Zovuta zadyera zazing'ono zazing'ono zimadziwika.

Adani a nthenda ya mitundu yambiri ya kumapazi ndi pakamwa

Buluzi laling'ono ndi lopanda vuto ili ndi adani ambiri. Nyama zolusa zimatha kuthyola ngalawa zosachepera, pomwe matenda amiyendo ndi pakamwa amabisika ambiri. Nthawi zambiri nyama yobwezeretsayi imakhala nyama ya agalu, agalu, nkhandwe, mbalame zolusa. Pankhani yopanga nawo mpikisano, mpikisano ungathe kuchokera kumbali ya buluzi wamkulu wokula mwachangu.

Kuchuluka ndi zochitika zake

Chiwerengero cha mitunduyi chikucheperachepera, ngakhale kuchulukana komweko kumatha kukhala kwakukulu komanso kufikira anthu 250 pa ha. Mu Epulo 2006, ku malovu a Bugaz, mpaka anthu 50 pamamayendedwe 100 adawerengedwa pamtondo, mpaka anthu 5 pamayendedwe a 100 mumayendedwe achifumu, ndi anthu osakwatira omwe amakhala m'malo owonda kwambiri.

Kuchepetsa zinthu

Kutha kwa mitundu yomwe ili pafupi ndi Temryuk ndi Hut. Kulima dimba kumalumikizidwa ndi ntchito yothirira. Stenotopicity ndi mpikisano wosauka ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitunduyi igawidwe m'derali. Mkhalidwe wamtunduwu umatengera ngakhale nthawi imodzi anthropic.

Njira zofunikira komanso zowonjezera chitetezo

Kukhazikitsa malo opezeka pamakalata omwe alembedwa m'derali komanso kuwerengera kwakachulukidwe ka nyama ndizofunikira.

Zoyenera, Eremias argute iyenera kusungidwa patokha. Zoyenera kukhala sizili za kuchuluka kwa nyama zapakhomo, koma mu ukapolo ndizovomerezana. Wina wa ziweto akayamba kuponderezana, ndiye kuti ayenera kukhala pansi mwachangu.

Malo ofunikira okwanira 30 malita amafunikira pawiri. Mchenga wokhala ndi makulidwe 8 ​​cm masentimita umathiridwa pansi kuti petayo ikhale ndi mwayi wokumba. Mchenga umafunika kuti uzizilitsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Musayike miyala kapena zinthu zina zolemera pamenepo. Amatha kutsina ndi chokwera pansi.

Malo ochitirako masewerawa amakhala ndi ngodya zodzipatula komanso zotenthetsera. Chinyezi cholimbikitsidwa ndi 50-60%. Masana, matenthedwe amasungidwa pa 25 ° C-35 ° C, ndipo usiku amatha kutsitsidwa mpaka 10 ° C. Kusiyana koteroko kumatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa chilengedwe. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kuyitanitsa hibernation ya miyezi itatu, kutsitsa kutentha mpaka 4 ° C.

Pachilimwe cha abuluzi odzutsa, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kuwonjezera zamadzimadzi ndi ma ray a ultraviolet. Nthawi yoyamba njirayi isakhale yopitilira masekondi 30. Pang'onopang'ono, nthawi yake imasinthidwa kukhala mphindi 4-5, kenako imachepetsedwa tsiku lililonse ndi masekondi 30. Pazifukwa zodzitetezera, kutsanulira mobwerezabwereza kumapeto kwa chilimwe komanso koyambilira kwa nyundo.

Ziweto ndizodyetserako ziweto, mapako ndi mphutsi za ufa. Kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse, zakudya zowonjezera mchere ndi mavitamini zimawonjezeredwa ku chakudya.

Habitat ya miyendo yambiri yamkamwa komanso matenda amkamwa

Matenda amtundu wamiyendo ndi pakamwa kwambirimbiri ku malo okhala ku Europe amapezeka makamaka pamtunda wamchenga, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mapiri am'nyanja, m'mipata ndi mitsinje yokhala ndi masamba osakonda okoma. M'malo okhala chipululu, amakhala makamaka dongo louma, loamy, komanso m'malo ena ndi dothi lamiyala ndi miyala.

Mamba pamiyendo ya phazi ndi matenda amkamwa ndi am'miyendo, osalala ndi maolivi, otuwa, amtundu wakuda kapena amtundu wonyezimira.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda amiyendo ndi pakamwa amitundu yambiri amatha kupezeka pamchenga m'nkhalango za pine. M'malo okhala m'mapiri, nyama zamtchirezi zimakhala m'malo a stony oletsedwa-udzu-phala ndi mapiri a Alpine, omwe amatalika mpaka 2000-2200 mita kumtunda kwa nyanja. Nthawi zambiri kuchokera pa munthu 1 mpaka 60 pa hekitala iliyonse.

Moyo

Imakhala kuchokera ku zipululu ndi theka-zipululu mpaka kumapeto. M'malo ena umalowera m'nkhalango. Imapezekanso m'mapiri, pamalo okwera mpaka 2000 m.Mabowo osaya pansi pamiyala yofewa. Amagwiritsanso ntchito zingwe zazingwe, makoswe, akamba, komanso ming'alu pansi. Pakusaka, kubisala tchire. Amanyamuka nthawi yozizira kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala - Novembala. M'chilimwe chimagwira m'mawa ndi madzulo. Imadyera nyerere, nsikidzi, dzombe, nsikidzi, ntchentche, mbozi, akangaude. Mu clutch pali mazira 3-12 1-1.6 masentimita.Ang'ono amawonekera mu Meyi - Juni, kutalika kwa thupi ndi 2.8-3,5 cm.

Subtaxons

Iagawidwa m'mabuku otsatirawa, osiyana ndi kukula ndi mitundu:

• Eremias arguta arguta Pallas 1773 - chakumadzulo kwa Kazakhstan
• Eremias arguta darevskii Tsaruk 1986 - mu beseni la Issyk-Kul ku Kyrgyzstan
• Eremias arguta deserti Gmelin 1789 - kumadzulo chakumadzulo kwa Mtsinje wa Ural kummawa
• Eremias arguta potanini Bedriaga 1912 - mu khoma la Balkhash ndi Zaysan ku Kazakhstan
• Eremias arguta transcaucasica Darewskij 1953 - kum'mawa kwa Transcaucasia
• Eremias arguta uzbekistanica Tschernow 1934 - ku Uzbekistan ndi madera akumalire a mayiko oyandikana nawo

Kawonani ku Anapa

Malo abwino kwambiri kuwonera amoyo wa abuluzi ku Anapa ndi ndulu za mchenga m'mphepete mwa Dzhemete kapena Vityazevo. Komanso pali anthu ambiri amakhala pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Anapka ku Paki ya Ana. Musaiwale kuti mukamayesa kukumana, buluzi amataya mchira, womwe ungasiyidwe ngati mphatso kwa inu.

GawANI NKHANIYI PANTHAWI YA ZISONYEZO ZOSAVUTA KWAMBIRI KOTHANDIZA Nkhani: RomanDate: 2012-07-14V. TABACHISHIN Saratov Varicoloured lizard (Eremias arguta Gmelin. 1789) ndi mitundu yambiri komanso mitundu yambiri ya mitundu ya Eremias. okhala m'malo owuma ndi ouma kwambiri kuchokera kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Romania kumadzulo mpaka kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Mongolia kummawa. Ku Russia, mitunduyi imaphatikizapo zigawo zakumwera kwa gawo la Europe mkati mwa Middle and Lower Don. Pansi Volga ndi North Caucasus.

Matenda amiyendo ndi pakamwa amtundu wambiri ndi nyama yamtundu wokulirapo, wokhala ndi thupi lokwera mpaka 75-85 mm. Thupi limakutidwa ndi mbewu zazing'ono, mamba osalala. Pansi pa chishango cha orbital, sichigwira m'mphepete pakamwa ndipo imalekanitsidwa ndi zishango zapamwamba za manja.

Pakati pa supraorbital ndi apamwamba kwambiri scute pamakhala mizere 1-2 ya mbewu. Chishango chamkati cham'maso ndichimodzi, ndipo kutalika kwake ndikochepa poyerekeza ndi mulifupi (mulingo uwu, monga lamulo, 0.54-0.96). Zikopa za Mandibular 4 kapena 5, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zowonjezera zina.

Mero imakhwima mpaka pachiphuphu chachitatu kapena chachiwiri. Mwendo wakumbuyo umakutidwa ndi mizera italiitali yautundu. Zishango zakunja ndizazikulu kwambiri.

Mbali yakumtunda yamatenda amiyala yamiyendo yamkaka yambiri ndi utoto utoto. Mtundu wa achikulire umapangidwa ndi mizere yazitali zoikika ndi utoto wakuda. Miyendo kumtunda ndi malo akulu akulu ozunguliridwa ndi mkombero wakuda.

Mbali yamkati ndi yoyera. Mwa achichepere, kumbuyo kumakhala mizere yayitali yochita kuyera, nthawi zambiri yokhala ndi mzere wowunika.

Matenda amiyala yamiyendo yambiri komanso pakamwa amakhala pamchenga wokhazikika komanso wopanda mphamvu. Pakakhala ngozi, monga lamulo, amayesa kuthawa ndi kuthawira kumalo okhala pafupi. Mukamayendetsa zigzag, amayamba kuthamanga kwambiri, kukweza thunthu ndi mchira. Matendawa amagwira pakamwa ndikuyesetsa kuti amasule ndikuluma wopondayo, monga buluzi wina, amataya mchira wake.

ZITHUNZI ZA DZUWA ZOSAVUTA KWA DZIKO LAPANSI Ngati pobisalira, buluzi wamitundu yambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kamakumba kake komwe kamakumba pansi pachitsamba. Malowedwe ake ndi ozungulira. Khomo la dzenje limatha kuwonetsedwa, komabe, lakumwera limapambana. Pamchenga, kuya kwakuya kwambiri kumatha kufika 30 cm ndikutalika kwa masentimita 15 mpaka 35. Kuphatikiza ndi ake, matenda am'mapazi ndi pakamwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mabowo okumba, ming'alu ya dothi, ndudu za udzu ndi zitsamba monga malo osungira kwakanthawi. Mwachilengedwe, nthenda ya kumapazi ndi pakamwa kumpoto kwa mtunduwu imawonedwa kuchokera hafu yachiwiri ya Epulo mpaka theka loyamba la Okutobala, ndipo kumwera kuyambira pakati pa Marichi mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Nthawi yamasika, abuluzi amatha kupezeka nthawi zambiri kuyambira maola 10 mpaka 16 pa kutentha kwa + 12 ° C ndi kupitilira apo. Kutuluka kwa zinyama kumalo okhala m'malimwe kumawonedwa pafupifupi maola 7, kuchuluka kwa misonkhano kumawonjezeka kwambiri ndi maola 14, pambuyo pake kuchepa kwawo kumadziwika. Pofika 17 h, ntchito za repitili zimakulanso. Mu nyengo yamitambo pamtunda wotsika (+ 12-15 ° C), anthu osakhazikika amodzi amawonekera kuyambira 9 h, ndipo kutentha kukukwera (18 + C ndi kupitilira), ngakhale kuli konyowa, zochita za nyama zimayambiranso. Kutentha kwapakati pa gawo lapansi pazaka zochuluka kwambiri za abuluzi kuchokera ku +22 mpaka +31 ° C.

Nthawi yakukhwima m'matenda amiyendo ndi pakamwa yambiri imayamba patangotha ​​nthawi yochepa yochoka, ndipo mu Meyi-June mazira amayikidwa. Nthawi yobala nthawi yayitali kwambiri munthawi yayitali matenda amiyendo yamkamwa ndi pakamwa imawoneka kuti imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusasinthika kwa nthawi imodzi kwama follicles amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana. Mu clutch kuchokera ku mazira awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri omwe ali ndi kukula kwa 5.5-14,5 mm ndi kulemera kwa 0,35-0.50 g.

Wamkazi amaikira mazira m'makola kapena pokumbika makamaka m'ma 6-10 masentimita m'malo opaka bwino ndi kutentha ndi dzuwa. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mazira onse amaikidwa pamalo opingasa.

Kutalika kwa makulitsidwe, kutengera nyengo, ndi masiku 60 kapena 60. Maonekedwe a ana osapsa ndi thunthu ndi mchira kutalika kwa 25- 34 ndi 36-41 mm, motsatana, ndi masekeli pafupifupi 0.4 g, awonedwa kuyambira theka loyamba la Julayi.

Monga mamembala ambiri amtunduwu, matenda am'miyendo ndi mkamwa amitundu yambiri amakhala osavulaza. Mtundu wake umayang'aniridwa ndi kafadala, Lepidoptera ndi Hymenoptera, komanso nsikidzi, Orthoptera, Diptera. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito zamasamba pazakudya kudadziwika.

Kuti mupeze matenda angapo amiyendo yamkaka ndi pakamwa, malo otsika kwambiri okhala ndi malita 30 kapena kuposerapo ali oyenera. zomwe zimatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku aquarium wamba. Popeza nyama izi zimapezeka makamaka pamchenga wamchenga, pansi pa terarium iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mchenga wokhala ndi masentimita osachepera 10: kuyambitsa mchenga kuchokera pansi ndikofunikira.

Ndi kupopera mankhwalawa nthawi zonse, mutha kuchita popanda mbale yomwera, komabe, ndikofunikira kuyikapo, chifukwa, matenda am'miyendo ndi pakamwa nthawi zina amamwa mwakufuna kwawo ndipo ngakhale amatenga njira zamadzi. Monga malo okhala, mutha kuyika nthambi za mitengo, mitengo yoterera. Kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kusungidwa mkati mwa + 22-30 ° C, usiku - 4-6 °.

M'makona amodzi a terarium, nyale iyenera kuyimitsidwa kuti imathira dothi mpaka 32 ° C. Chinyezi cha wachibale mpaka 60%.

ZITHUNZI ZOCHULUKITSA ZA FODI ZOTSATIRA ZA FODI NDI ZOCHULUKA M'madera a Fie, zofuna za abuluu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana zitha kudyetsedwa pafupifupi chilichonse chakudya chamlingo woyenera: zikwangwani, mphemvu, nsikidzi, mbozi, mphutsi za kachilomboka. Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera trnvitamin ndi calcium glycerophosphate ku chakudya. Ndikofunikira kudyetsa tsiku ndi tsiku monga kuchuluka kwa ma cicake ang'onoang'ono a 3-5 pamunthu aliyense.

Pamaso pa anthu ochepa komanso kudyetsa bwino kwathunthu, kubereka kungachitike. Kuti akometse nyamazo, amakonza "kuzizira" (kutsitsa kutentha mpaka 8-12 ° C). Pambuyo pamiyezi iwiri kapena itatu, kutentha mu terrarium kumawonjezereka, ndipo okhalamo amapatsidwa chakudya choyamba.

Posachedwa, nthawi zambiri pakatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu, nthawi yakukhwima imayamba: yamphongo imathamangitsa chikazi, pambuyo pake mano ake amakhala pamimba, m'chiuno ndi mchira. Masabata atatu kapena anayi atatha kukhwima, mbalameyi imayikira mazira awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri mink kapena ndikumbowo.

Kutentha kwa 30 ° C, makulitsidwe amatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Achikulire pakugonana mitundu yambiri ya phazi komanso pakamwa Khalani mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo ndi matupi akulu 48 mm kapena kupitilira.

Palibe matenda amtundu wamtumbo-ndi pakamwa Views: 5901 SHARE NKHANIYI PA ZINSINSI ZABODZA

Matenda a phazi ndi pakamwa pamitundu yambiri ali ponseponse ndipo amaphunziridwa bwino. Matendawa ndi phazi komanso zotere zili ndi thupi lalifupi 12-20 cm komanso mchira wamfupi. Mtundu wamba wa imvi ndi mtundu wa bulauni. Mabwalo ndi mawanga ambiri amwazika thupi lonse.