Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Bony nsomba |
Zolembetsa: | Chiyopro |
Zabwino Kwambiri: | Carp-ngati |
Subtype: | Mitembo ya Koi |
Mitembo ya Koi (Chijapani 鯉 kapena コ イ koi) kapena, ndendende, bulp carp (Jap. 錦鯉 nishikigo) - - zokongoletsera zam'madzi zomwe zimasungidwa kuchokera ku Amur subspecies (Latin Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) carp (Cyprinus carpio) Koi carp imawerengedwa kuti ndi nsomba yomwe yadutsa masankho 6 oswana, pambuyo pake gulu lina lawopatsidwa.
Pakadali pano, ku Japan kuli mitundu yambiri ya koi, koma muyezo umangotengedwa ngati mawonekedwe ndi mitundu khumi ndi inayi.
Mbiri yakupezeka
Pafupifupi zaka 2500 zapitazo, mitembo idabwera ku China kuchokera kumadera oyandikana ndi Nyanja ya Caspian. Sizikudziwika mwatsatanetsatane kuti carp idawoneka ku Japan; zolemba zoyambirira za izo zidayamba m'zaka za 14 mpaka 1500 AD. e. Amakhulupirira kuti carp idabwera ku Japan ndi alendo ochokera ku China. Ajapani adawutcha "Magoi" - carp wakuda. Pambuyo pake, alimi aku Japan adayamba kulima iwo m'madziwe owumba kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito. M'madera akutali a mapiri, mitembo nthawi zambiri inali chakudya chama protein, monga, mwachitsanzo, ku Niigata Prefecture.
Kuswana kokongoletsa
Nthawi zina, chifukwa cha masinthidwe achilengedwe, mitembo ina imawonetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nsomba zoterezi zomwe sizikhala ndi miyeso yake sizinapite pachakudya ndipo zimangosungidwa makamaka kuti zikongoletsedwe. Pang'onopang'ono, kulima mitembo yautoto kunayamba kukonda anthu wamba. Eni ake adawoloka nsomba zawo, ndikulandila mitundu yatsopano. Izi, zinakondwanso pakati pa amalonda ndi olemekezeka ndipo pang'onopang'ono zinafalikira ku Japan. Chiwonetsero cha Tokyo Taisho cha 1914 koyamba chidayambitsa mtundu wa koi wachikuda kuti anthu ambiri adziwe. Tsopano m'maiko ambiri muli makalabu ndi mayanjano a okonda koi, ziwonetsero ndi ziwonetsero zimachitika.
Kuyesa kwa khalidwe la Koi
1. Kapangidwe ka thupi
- chowonjezera cha Koi ndi mawonekedwe a mutu, thupi ndi zipsepse, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwawo.
Thupi lamphamvu la koi lachikazi limakhala ndi mwayi. Amuna, monga lamulo, mwachilengedwe sangapeze kuchuluka kokwanira kwa voliyumu. Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a zipsepsezo ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi thupi. Maonekedwe a mutu sayenera kukhala waafupi kwambiri, wautali kapena wopindika kumbali imodzi. Mukayang'ana koi kuchokera kumwamba, thupi liyenera kukhala lofanana komanso lofanana mbali zonse ziwiri, mbali imodzi siyingakhale yayikulu kuposa inayo.
2. Mtundu ndi mawonekedwe
- mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a pakhungu
Makhalidwe apakhungu ndi mitundu yakuya komanso yowoneka bwino amavotera koyamba. Kuphatikiza mitundu palokha kumawunikiranso. Khungu liyenera kuwala ndi thanzi.
- mtundu wa mitundu, mawonekedwe, m'mbali mwa mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe abwino
Malo owala ayenera kukhala ochepa. M'malire oyera, oyera komanso abwino. Mawanga amtundu ayenera kukhala olinganiza. Madera "olemera" kutsogolo, pakati kapena mchira wa nsomba saloledwa. Mtunduwo uyenera kukhala wogwirizana ndi thupi la nsomba, ndiye kuti nsomba zazikulu zimayenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe akulu.
- maonekedwe amafunika makamaka pa mtundu uliwonse, kapena mtundu
- kaimidwe, kapena momwe koi amadzisungira m'madzi ndi momwe amasambira
- lingaliro lomwe koi iliyonse imapanga ndi mawonekedwe omwe amafotokozera mwachidule mfundo zonse zowunikira
Gulu la Koi
Pali mitundu yopitilira 80 ya koi. Kuti zitheke, amagawika m'magulu 16 otsatizana, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo:
- Kohaku (Japan 紅白 Ko: ha)
- Taisho Sansyoku (Japan 大 正 三 色 Taisho: sansoku)
- Nsapato Sansyoku (Japan 昭和 三 色 Shou: wa sansoku)
- Utsurimono (Japan 写 り 物)
- Becco (Japan べ っ っ Becco:)
- Tantyo (Japan 丹 丹 Tantyo:)
- Asagi (wachi Japan.)
- Sukului (秋 翠 Japan) Xu: Sui)
- Coromo (Japan 衣)
- Kinginrin (Japan 金 銀鱗)
- Kavarimono (Japan 変 わ り 物)
- Moto (Japan. Za: gon)
- Hikari-moyomono (光 模樣 者)
- Gosiki (jap. 五色)
- Kumonryu (九 紋 竜 Kumonryu:)
- Doytsu-goyi (ド イ ツ 鯉)
Chiyambi
Pali chiphunzitso chokhazikitsidwa bwino chakuti nsomba zonga carp sizoyambira, zopangidwa mwachilengedwe, zimakhala m'madzi opanda madzi komanso opanda madzi. Zili ndi mwayi kuti zikuwoneka kuti ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri yoswana chifukwa chakuthwa kwa mitsinje yamtchire, nyumba ya makolo yomwe ili kumwera kwa China ndi Caspian. Izi ndizolakwika. Carp yamtchire nthawi zonse inali ndi mitundu ya mitsinje ndi nyanja, yomwe inali yosiyana ndi mawonekedwe a thupi. Nsombazo, zomwe zimakonda kukhala ndi mpweya wokhala ndi mpweya wambiri nthawi yayitali, zinali ndi thupi ngati lamchenga komanso lalitali. Mitembo yomweyo, yomwe idagwera modekha komanso yokhala ndi malo ambiri osungirako zakudya zazikuluzambiri, zidalemera msanga, zidakula ndikukula.
Ndilo mitundu yam'nyanjayi, yomwe m'mbuyomu idazolowera kukhala ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa oxygen, popanda zosintha zilizonse, idalowetsedwa ndi munthu m'madzi ambiri ku Europe, Asia, North America. Nkhani yokhudza kusintha kwachilengedwe yazinthu zachilengedwe pang'onopang'ono idayambika m'zaka 150-200 zokha ndipo izi zidapangitsa kutulutsa mitundu ndi mitundu yambiri.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mawu akuti "carp" alibe maziko azasayansi ndipo adapangidwa m'zaka za zana la 19 ndi dzanja lowala la wolemba mabuku wotchuka kwambiri pa usodzi ndi usaka, Sergei Aksakov. Wolemba Ufa nthawi zambiri ankapita kudziko lakwawo, komwe amatenga nawo mbali masiku angapo kumidzi. Paulendo wina wopita kumzinda waukulu wa Kama, mtsinje wa Agidel (Mtsinje wa Belaya), adapezeka atagwira mitembo yakuthengo. Woyendetsa wa komweko, a Bashkirs, adawatcha carp, omwe potanthauzira kuchokera ku Turkic amatanthauza "nsomba za silt." Pambuyo pa zolemba za wolemba, mawu okopa adazika mizu pakati pa anthu, koma chifukwa cha icthyology, mitembo yamtchire ndi yanyumba ndi mtundu umodzi (Cyprinus carpio).
Fomu ya nyanjayi ndi yofalikira, yofunikira komanso yamalonda; ndiyoyimira woyamba mtundu wotchedwa carp. Kwa taxon, maina ena amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mwalamulo - wamba, golide, scaly. Nthawi zambiri m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku mumakhala dzina lochokera ku chilankhulo cha Old Slavonic - korop.
Mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake
Carp yodziwika bwino imakhala ndi mawonekedwe, omwe amatha kudziwika kunja, osiyana ndi ena:
- thupi lalitali, lalitali, lalitali
- miyeso yayikulu, yoyenera kwambiri ya cycloid yokhala ndi makote amdima (32-41 pamzere wotsatira),
- mbali zagolide kapena zachikasu,
- m'mimba kwambiri,
- kamwa yayikulu kwambiri, yotsika kwambiri yomwe imatha kukokera mu chubu,
- awiriawiri a tinyanga tating'ono tating'ono tomwe timakhazikika pamlomo wapamwamba,
- maso atali ndi ana ang'ono ndi golide wobiriwira wagolide,
- kumdima wakuda ndi utali wautali wamtambo wa azitona (maapozi olimba a 3-4 ndi mitsitsi yofewa 17-22),
- kawiri mphuno.
Thupi la nsomba limakutidwa ndi ntchofu yambiri, yomwe imachepetsa kukokoloka kwa madzi, imathandizira kupitilirabe komanso kuteteza thupi ku matenda ndi majeremusi. Carp ili ndi kukula komanso zolemetsa. Milandu yolemba anthu ovomerezeka yoposa 55 kg okhala ndi kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka. Koma mumphaka wamba, achichepere (azaka 2-7) wolemera 1-5 makilogalamu amatha kupambana. Mitunduyi imadziwika ndi kutalika kwa zaka 40-50, ndipo mitundu ina yokongoletsera imatha kuthana ndi malire a zaka zana kapena kupitilira.
Mjapani wazaka 70 ali ndi carp m'dziwe lanyumba, lomwe adatengera ndipo ndi wamkulu zaka 35 kuposa mwini wake. Munthu wokhala ku Land of the Rising Sun amasamalira nsomba ngati banja, ndipo akukana kugulitsa kwa yen miliyoni zingapo ($ 20,000).
Kugawa ndi malo
Carp imakhala ku Europe, Central and Western Asia, Far East ndi madera ena ambiri komwe kumakhala kotentha komanso kumwera kwa kumwera. Ku Russia, korop ndizambiri mwambiri matupi amadzi am'nyanja akuda, Azov, Baltic, Caspian, Japan, ndi Okhotsk. Malo omwe mumakonda ndi mayimowa kapena nyanja zotsika, malo osefukira, maiwe, ngalande ndi malo okhala ndi masamba ambiri ndi dothi lofewa, lamchenga kapena dothi lolimba. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa malo ndi mamitala 2 mpaka 10. Malo okhala ndi ofunikira nsomba, motero samanyalanyaza kufikira pansi, osakonda malo okhala ndi maenje, mitengo yayitali kapena yoyandama, snag, ndi ma tchire amadziwe.
Kodi carp amadya chiyani?
Fish ndi benthophage wosasangalatsa komanso wopatsa chidwi. Pulogalamu yapakamwa yoyamwa imakuthandizani kuti muzitha kusefa mwachangu komanso moyenera. Mano owongoka a pharyngeal, milomo yokhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana imasinthidwa bwino kuti igwire ndikukuta chakudya cholimba. Maziko a chakudya cha carp ndi:
- mphutsi, nyongolotsi, crustaceans,
- maulusi, tizilombo, ma tadpole,
- nsomba zam'madzi ndi nsomba zina,
- chimanga, masamba, algae,
- mphukira zamasamba, detritus, leeches.
Chithandizo chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi kusungunula nsomba zazinkhanira ndi barele. Nthawi zambiri m'malo omwe ma carp amapezeka, mumatha kumva kulira kwa zipolopolo zophwanyika, zomwe zimayambitsa kukhumudwa kwa osazindikira. Anthu akuluakulu amagwira mwachangu, koma samawasaka mwachindunji. Chifukwa cha khutu lakumva bwino komanso tinyanga touluka, akhwangwala amamva kutumphukira kwa magazi m'mitsempha kapena kuwaza kachilombo komwe kali pamadzi kuchokera kumtunda wa 10-20 metres.
Mawonekedwe amoyo
Ali aang'ono, nsomba zimamamatira kusukulu. Akamakula ndikukula pazakudya zofunika pakudya, amasamukira ku gulu laling'ono kapena lokha. Zochita zamtunduwu zamtunduwu zimachitika munyengo yotentha kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala. Mtengo woyamba kupendekera koyambirira ukugwera mu June, pomwe nsomba zimasala chakudya chamasana ndikutulutsa chakudya chamadzulo. Ndikayamba kutentha kwa chilimwe komanso kutentha kwamadzi kwambiri, nthawi yosilira imasinthidwa kukhala usiku, koma kukugwa mvula, kumakhala kovuta masana amatha kufunafuna chakudya tsiku lonse.
Mu Ogasiti-Seputembala, funde lachiwiri la zhor limayamba, lomwe limapitilira mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala ndipo limalumikizidwa ndi kudziunjikira kwa mphamvu zamagetsi nthawi yachisanu. Nthawi imeneyi, carp ndiosasamala ndipo amayang'ana kwambiri kupeza chakudya. Khalidwe lonyansa nthawi zambiri limatha ndi kugwidwa kwake - ndiye chiyambi komanso pakati pa nthawi yophukira pomwe amphaka zazikulu amabweretsa kwa ogwira. Panyengo yachisanu, korop imagwiritsa ntchito maenje ausanu ndi nyengo yochepa. Popeza yasochera m'masukulu akulu ndi ma cyprinid ena, imakhala ndi makanema ojambula ndipo sikuti imadyetsa.
Kuswana
Pakukula kwa mazira, kutentha kokwanira kwambiri kwa + 18-20 ° C kumafunikira, motero kuwuluka kwa carp kumachitika mochedwa, nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa Meyi, koyambirira kwa Juni. Wamkazi wazaka zakubadwa wazaka 3-5 amapeza "njonda" zingapo, anzawo, ndikupita kumadzi osaya (40-60 cm), wokulika ndi masamba ofewa. Caviar amalembedwa pang'onopang'ono kwa masiku 2-4. Chiwembu chonse cha akazi amodzi ndi mazira 0,2-1.0 miliyoni. Nthawi ya makulidwe a mwana wosabadwayo imatenga masiku 3-6. Mphutsi zakumasamba zimakhala masiku angapo pamalo osasunthika, kulandira zakudya zofunikira kuchokera ku yolk sac. Frying yemwe akumeza amayamba kudyetsa ndi zooplankton ndi crustaceans yaying'ono.
Mitundu ya Carp
Pali lingaliro lolakwika kuti nsomba za carp ndi mtundu wopangidwa ndi nyama womwe kholo lawolo ndi nyama.
Chikhulupiriro ichi ndicholakwika. M'malo mwake, mitembo yakhala ikupezeka m'matupi a madzi oyera. Mitundu ya carp yomwe imakhala m'madzi oyenda inali ndi thupi loonda, lalitali. Mitundu ya Lacustrine yomwe imakhala m'matupi opanda madzi okhala ndi phula lokwanira pang'onopang'ono, inayamba kulemera ndikukula. Ndiwo mtundu uwu womwe udayamba kupasidwa m'madziwe achi China, pomwe udafalikira ku Europe konse. Pakadali pano, nsomba zazikulu zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala makamaka m'madzi zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi mitembo.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya carp:
- Carp wamba. Mitundu ndiyofala kwambiri. Amadziwikanso kuti scaly, golide carp, etc. Thupi ndi lalikulu, lozungulira, lokwiriridwa ndi mamba. Mtundu uli pafupi kwambiri ndi golide kapena bulawuni, toyesa zamtundu wakuda zimapezeka. Ndiwo mitundu iyi yomwe ndi maziko olimidwa munthawi zakale.
- Zopanda pake. Mitundu yoswana yokha, yowetedwa ku Germany m'zaka zana zapitazo. Chimodzi mwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri. Makala saphimba thupi lonse, koma gawo lakumwamba kapena lomwe lili pakatikati pa mzere wa thupi. Masikelo ndi akulu kwambiri, amtundu wofanana, magalasi ang'ono (ndiye komwe dzinalo linachokera).
- Nakonso (wachikopa) carp. Dzinalo limadzilankhulira lokha. Panyama yamtunduwu wa carp palibenso muyeso uliwonse. Mtunduwu siwofala ngati ena, chifukwa cha chiwopsezo chake chotenga matenda ndi majeremusi.
- Nyama yamtchire. Mtunduwu umapezeka wokha mwachilengedwe. Chimakhala m'matupi amadzi ndi madzi okha, chifukwa sichitha kukhala ndi njala. Thupi la nyama yamtchire ndi yayitali kwambiri komanso yokutidwa ndi ntchofu. Kapangidwe ka muzzle kamakhala ndizofanana ndi carp wamba.
- Koi Carp (Japan Carp). Anthu achijapani ndi otchuka chifukwa chokonda kusodza nsomba zokongoletsera. Chifukwa cha kusankha, adatha kupeza mitundu yokhazikika yamitembo yachilendo. Awa ndi nsomba zamawonekedwe oyera ndi oyera. Zizindikiro zaku Morphological ndizofanana ndi zakutchire kapena carp.
Palinso mitundu yosowa kwambiri ya banja la carp: Siamese carp, carp, crucian carp. Zonsezi ndi mitundu yosakanizidwa.
Kukula kwa Carp
Kukula kwa carp kumadalira kwambiri mitundu. Zinyama zamtchire sizimakula kwambiri. Kulemera kwa anthu ndi ma kilogalamu 3-4, koma kuwedza pa carp sikungachitike, kunalinso zitsanzo zina zolemera mpaka 10 kg.
Mitundu ya Nyanja ndiyokulirapo. Avereji yolemera 3-7 kg. Koma pali milandu yokhudza kubedwa kwa nyanja yodziwika bwino yoposa 55 kg. Carp yodziwika bwino imakhala yayikulupo pang'ono kuposa kalilore. Mitundu yaku Japan sikukula kukula kwakukulu. Kulemera kwapakati pa 1-2 kg.
Carp kufalikira
Carps imatha kutha msanga. Amuna amatha kubereka mchaka chachitatu cha moyo wawo, ndipo akazi azaka zochepa zokha.
Kutulutsa kwa Carp kumachitika mochedwa, kumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni. Izi ndichifukwa choti madziwo ayenera kutentha mpaka 18 ° C. Ngati kasupe atakhala ozizira, ndiye kuti carp ikhoza kutuluka pakati pa Juni.
Pakuchepa, wamkazi amasankha madzi osaya, komwe kuya sikupitilira theka la mita. Mukatulutsa carp, mutha kuwona zipsepse za anthu akuluakulu omwe amatumphukira m'madzi osaya.
Asanathenso, wamkazi amapeza "abambo" angapo omwe amatsagana naye kulikonse. Malo oti ubowolowere uyenera kukumana ndi zomera kapena udzu, momwe ukakhazidwe carp caviar. Icrome imachitika m'masiku ochepa. Akazi amayikira mazira dzuwa litalowa mpaka m'mawa.
Carp Habitats
Carp imagawidwa kwambiri ku Europe yonse. Pomwe nyama zamtchire zimangokhala madzi okha, chifukwa zimafunikira mpweya wabwino.
Mitundu ya Nyanja imamva bwino m'madzi osasunthika. Itha kukhala maiwe, nyanja, malo okumba. Mitundu ya Lacustrine ndi thermophilic, chifukwa chake, sichipezeka kumpoto.
Zilazi ndi mitundu wamba imatha kukhala m'madzi okhala ndi uve. Izi sizikhudza thanzi lawo.
M'nyengo yotentha, ma carps amakonda kukhala malo otenthetsedwa bwino osafikira 5 m. Pansi amasankhidwa osalala kapena dongo.
Khalidwe la Carp
Carp ali ndi moyo wosangalatsa. Zinyama zazing'ono zimagonjetsedwa pagulu lalikulu, ndipo achikulire amakhala kwayekha, komabe amayang'anira abale awo. Kukula kwachinyamata kumasambira m'madzi osaya, m'nkhalangozi. Mitembo yayikulu imakhala mozama, imangofika pamwamba pongofuna chakudya.
Carps ndi okhala m'madzi amizere yamadzi, osasunthidwa. Malo awo okhala ndi mthunzi ndi nthawi yamadzulo.Solar clear glades popanda algae sichikhala cha iwo.
Carp amadyetsedwa m'mawa ndi madzulo. Nthawi zina kukafunafuna chakudya kumatha kudumphira m'madzi. Amachita mosavutikira, ndikusiya ma splashes ambiri ndi mabwalo akulu pamadzi.
Ma carps sakhala aukali. Samagawana gawo, chakudya kapena chachikazi. Chofunikira kwambiri pa nsomba iyi ndikutha kuwona chilichonse mozungulira ndikuzindikira mitundu.
M'nyengo yozizira, mitembo ndiyopangidwa mwamagetsi. Amapita mwakuya, atakutidwa ndi ntchofu wakuda ndikugona. Kudzuka kumachitika mchaka chimodzi chokha, kutentha kwa madzi kukafika 8-10 ° C.
Carp moyo
Mkazi atayika mazira, ndipo wamwamuna amamulowetsa iye, mayendedwe a carp amayamba. Pafupifupi sabata limodzi, mphutsi zazing'ono zimaswa kuchokera ku mazira (osaposa 5 mm). Masiku 10 oyambirira amadya chikwama chachikasu, chomwe chili ndi zonse zofunikira m'thupi. Gulu la yolk litasowa, mwachangu amayamba kudya okha.
Achinyamata amakhala makamaka munthaka za udzu ndi algae. Carp imakula msanga, mchaka imakula kufika 20cm ndikulemera 500g. Pazaka ziwiri za moyo, carp kale wolemera kuposa kilogalamu. Pazaka zitatu, amuna amakhala okhwima, ndipo akazi ndi asanu. Nthawi yofalikira imayamba.
Moyo wa Carp ndi pafupifupi zaka 3-8. Kumalo akutali komwe kulibe asodzi, mitembo imatha kukhala zaka 30 kapena kuposerapo.
Njira zogwira carp
Njira zogwira carp si ntchito yovuta, makamaka ngati nsomba ili yayikulu. Lamulo lalikulu ndikuti kulimbana kumayenera kukhala kolimba komanso kudalirika kuti kupewe kugwedezeka kwa nsomba zazikulu.
Posachedwa, kuwedza kwa carp pa feeder kwakhala kotchuka kwambiri. Chipangizocho ndichosavuta:
- ndodo yolimba (250-300cm),
- Kulipiritsa Reel
- wodyetsa kwambiri. Amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
- kulumikizana ndi ngowe. Zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi "rocker",
- kuluma beacon.
Ndikofunikira kuti mudzaze nyambo mu feeder (nthawi zambiri imakhala phala kapena zina zomera). Mothandizidwa ndi ndodo yosodza, wodyetserayo, limodzi ndi mbedza, amaponyedwa mu dziwe. Chizindikiro choluma chimayikidwa pa ndodo yosodza. Chilichonse, mutha kumasuka ndikuyembekezera chizindikiro. Odyetsa amadya amabwera mosiyanasiyana. Chopepuka, patsogolo mutha kuponyera pansi.
Donka-zakidushka mwina ndi njira yakale kwambiri komanso yotsimikizika kwambiri yogwira carp. Chida chosavuta kwambiri ndi motere:
- reel,
- chingwe chachikulu chokhala ndi nsomba (kutalika kwake kumatengera posungira, koma ndibwino kutenga ndi malire),
- kubowola pang'ono ndi mbedza,
- lakuya kwambiri (limalola kulowetsa malo amodzi)
- kuluma beacon.
Njira yosodza ndiyosavuta. Chingwe chophera ndi chomira ndi mbedza chimaponyedwa pamalo okopedwa. Pa mzere waukulu muyenera kulumikiza chida choluma. Magiya oterowo amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi ndodo yokhala ndi tepi muyeso.
Ndodo yophera nsomba imakhalanso yotchuka posodza nyama ya carp.
Kwa iye, mufunika zida zotere:
- ndodo yolimba ya usodzi (5-6 m). Ndibwino kuti tisasunge ndalamazi, chifukwa mukamapatsa chiyembekezo chachikulu, vuto lochepa lingaswe,
- kusamvana
- tiwolokere,
- dulani ma pellets kuti muthe kutulutsa koyenera,
- mbedza
- mzere usodzi. Yaikulu iyenera kukhala yopanda, pa leashes - yopyapyala.
Timabzala nyambo, kuponyera malondawo m'malo mokopeka ndikudikirira kuluma.
Izi zinali njira zitatu zodziwika kwambiri zogwirira carp. Kutengera ndi dera, zida zingakhale ndi mawonekedwe.
Carp Bait
Carp nyambo amagawidwa m'magulu atatu:
- Zomera. Izi zimaphatikizapo chimanga ndi nandolo, nthawi zina mutha kugwiritsa ntchito balere wamkulu wa ngale. Mtanda wokazinga ndi mkate zatsimikizika bwino.
- Zoyambira nyama. Izi ndi mitundu yonse ya nyongolotsi, nyongolotsi zamagazi, mbozi, zidutswa za nyama. Monga lamulo, nyambo zotere zimagwira ntchito mkati mwa chilimwe.
- Zoyambira. Izi ndi mitundu yonse ya ntchentche, mormyshki, etc. Tsopano nthawi zambiri mutha kupeza nyambo zotere m'masitolo.
Malonda ambiri a carp amapanga nyambo zawo.
Carp nyambo
Nyambo yoyenera ya carp ndi theka la kupambana. Malowa akuyenera kukhala okwanira, osafunikira kusunga pa izi.
Msodzi aliyense amakhala ndi maphikidwe ake. Ndilankhula zazosavuta komanso zothandiza kwambiri.
Chimanga + ngale barele + keke + kukoma. Carp kwenikweni ngati fungo la acidified mbewu kapena nyemba. Chifukwa chake, timaphika motere: zilowerere chimanga ndi barele m'madzi kwa maola 12. Kenako timathira madzi, kuwonjezera mafuta onunkhira ndi mafuta amkaka, kusakaniza. Nyambo zonse zakonzeka. Chinsinsi chake ndi chosavuta, koma chosagwiranso ntchito.
Nandolo + chimanga + kulawa. Nandolo zimafunika kuzinyowa kwa tsiku limodzi, pomwe madzi amafunika kuti asinthidwe. Nandolo zikakhala zokonzeka, ziyenera kusakanikirana ndi chimanga ndikuwonjezera kununkhira.
Kulawa kwa Carp kumafunikanso kusankhidwa moyenera. Makamaka okongola ndi: adyo, uchi, caramel, vanila.
Carp mbale
Mutha kuphika zakudya zingapo kuchokera kumoto:
- carp yophika - mutha kuphika mu zojambulazo, pa grill, ndi masamba, ndi masosi osiyanasiyana. Carp nthawi zonse imakhala yabwino. Si zamanyazi kuyika chakudya patebulo la chikondwerero,
- khutu - kuchokera ku carp mutha kuphika khutu lolemera kukhitchini kapena m'munda,
- cutlets - makeke a nsomba ochokera kumtsinje wam'madzi - chakudya chabwino komanso chopatsa thanzi,
- Carp yokazinga - carp yokazinga mu poto sangasiye aliyense wopanda chidwi. Thirani nyama yokhala ndi zonunkhira ikungosungunuka pakamwa panu.
Kuphika kuchokera ku carp ndikosavuta, ngakhale hostess wa novice amatha kuthana nayo.
Carp zopatsa mphamvu
Carp ndi nsomba ya mumtsinje, chifukwa chake mawonekedwe ake a calorie sakhala okwera. Zopatsa kalori zamatumbo ndi 112 kcal / 100g zokha. Izi zimagwira ku nsomba yophika kapena yonyowa. Yokazinga carp ndi kalori yambiri.
Mulimonsemo, carp ndi yoyenera pachakudya chabwino kapena chopatsa thanzi. Anthu omwe agwidwa kuthengo ndi athanzi labwino kuposa ma dimbidwe ochita kupanga.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Carp koi ndi nsomba yokongoletsa yokha. Makolo ake anali carp a subsuries a Amur. Pakadali pano, asanapeze mtundu wina, nsomba zikuyenera kudutsa mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yosankhidwa.
Pafupifupi zaka 2000 zapitazo, mitembo inaonekera ku China, ngakhale kwawo koi carp anatengera Japan. Pamenepo, kutchulidwa koyamba kulembedwa kwa carp kudayamba m'zaka za m'ma 1400. Poyamba, mtunduwu unkangogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Kenako anthu anayamba kubzala mochita kupanga kuti agulitse, koma, kachiwiri, m'malo azakudya.
Komabe, kupatuka kwa mtundu wamba wa carp kunachitika nthawi ndi nthawi. Oimira opanga mitundu yamtunduwu, wokhala ndi mtundu wosazolowereka, monga lamulo, adakhalabe wamoyo ndikusuntha kuchoka m'malo osungira zachilengedwe kupita ku maiwe ndi ma aquarium kuti akondweretse anthu.
Pang'onopang'ono, anthu adayamba kulima maukonde achikuda. Eni nsomba zodabwitsa ngati izi, zomwe masinthidwe ake adachitika m'mtchire, adaziwoloka pakati pawo, akupanga mitundu yatsopano.
Chifukwa chake, koi carp adapulumuka mpaka masiku athu ano ndipo adadziwika kwambiri pakati pa okonda nyama zachilengedwe zam'madzi. Zamakono Japan koi mitembo pitani munjira yovuta yowunikira. Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a zipsepse ndi thupi, mtundu wa khungu ndi kuya kwa utoto, malire amtundu, ngati alipo angapo, mapangidwe ake amatsimikizika. Komanso, koi amapeza chizindikiro cha momwe amasambira.
Pamapikisano, nsonga zonse zomwe zalandiridwamo zimaphatikizidwa ndipo wopambana amasankhidwa. Pakadali pano, mayiko ambiri amachita ziwonetsero zotere ndikuwonetsedwa kwa mitembo ya koi. Madziwe ndi malo achilengedwe, ndipo mtundu wa madzi samakhala nsomba kwambiri masiku ano. Zachidziwikire, koi carp, mosiyana ndi kholo lawo, amakhala yekha m'malo osungira oyera.
Ali ndi thupi lalitali, lowonda. Chizindikiro chovekedwa korona ndi ndevu ziwiri, chimagwira ngati ziwalo zam'maso. Koi amadziwika ndi kusapezeka kwa masikelo, chifukwa chomwe chimawala kwambiri. Pakadali pano pali mitundu pafupifupi 80 yosiyanasiyana yamitembo ya koi. Iliyonse imakhala ndi mtundu wake ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chithunzi cha koi carp chowala komanso chosiyanasiyana.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Amakhulupirira kuti nsomba iliyonse imakhala ndi yake payokha. Komanso, pakupita nthawi, mafoni am'madzi amazolowera ndipo amatha kuzindikira omwe ali. Ngati mungayesetse pang'ono, mutha kuphunzitsa carp koi chakudya chotsani m'manja mwa mwiniwake.
Chochitika chofala ndichakuti carp yemwe amazindikira munthu wake amatha kusambira kwa iye ndikuloleza kumenyedwa. Nsomba iyi ndi chiweto wamba chomwe chimabweretsa chisangalalo ndipo chimafunikira kuyesetsa kochepa kuti chisamalidwe.
Koi amakhala ndi mawonekedwe odekha, osawonetsa chiwawa kwa wina ndi mnzake, kapena kwa anthu, kapena kwa nsomba zamtundu wina. Mukhoza kuphunzitsidwa. Kutalika kwa carp kumatha kufika masentimita 80. Nsomba zimamera msanga m'malo abwino. Kuti koi carp mu aquarium Adadzimva bwino, adafunikira malo akulu pakusambira kwake kwaulere.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa pamoto m'madzimo
Ndiye chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha kukula kwa nsomba, ndibwino kuyisunga mu dziwe lochita kupanga. Koi amadziwa kuya kwa masentimita 50, koma osagwa pansi kuposa mita ndi theka, chifukwa chake simuyenera kupanga thankiyo kukhala yakuzama kwambiri. Nsombayi imamva bwino mu kutentha kwakukulu - kuyambira 15 mpaka 30 digiri Celsius. Zima carp koi amakhala osagwira ntchito komanso oopsa.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Koi amanyamula m'dziwe
Monga lamulo, kudyetsa kumachitika kawiri kapena katatu patsiku. Kapangidwe ka m'mimba sikulola carp kugaya chakudya chochuluka nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake, mwini wake wa chiwetocho ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti gulu lake silikudya mopitirira muyeso.
Pali lamulo losasinthika lomwe limathandiza kudyetsa carp - ngati m'modzi atha mphindi pafupifupi 10 kudya chakudya chimodzi, ndiye kuti zonse zikuyenda bwino. Ngati nsomba ikupilira mwachangu kuposa mphindi 10 - kulibe chakudya chokwanira. Ndipo ngati mtembo walanda gawo limodzi kwa nthawi yopitilira mphindi 10, ndiye kuti mwiniwake wauletsa, zomwe siziyenera kuloledwa.
Kusunga mawonekedwe owala ndi machulukidwe amtundu, carp imalangizidwa kuti ipatse daphnia ndi shrimp youma. Eni ake ena a mitembo amakonda chakudya chapadera chomwe utoto wosakanikirana umasakanizidwa.
Utoto uwu suyipa nsomba, popeza ndi chakudya chamagulu chopatsa thanzi. Komabe, zimathandizira kuti kuwala kukhale bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti carp yachilendo ikhale yosangalatsa komanso yokongola kwambiri.
Mitembo ya achikulire imatha kudyetsedwa chakudya cha anthu. Mwachitsanzo, makonzedwe abwino monga masamba, mbewu, mavwende, maapulo ndi mapeyala. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chakudya cha anthu, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa momwe ziweto zimachitikira kuti mudziwe kulolerana, ngati zingatero.
Komanso, carp chachikulu sichingakane mphutsi, nyongolotsi zamagazi ndi chakudya china chamoyo. Mukafika pa ma kilogalamu a 10-15 kilogalamu zamatumbo, amalangizidwa kuti azidyetsa kanayi pa tsiku, osaposa 500 magalamu patsiku. Ndikofunika kuti chiweto chizipanga tsiku limodzi pa sabata.