Gulugufe wa Bolivia (lat.Mikrogeophagus altispinosus, yemwe kale anali Papfirechromis altispinosus) ndi cichlid yaying'ono, yokongola komanso yamtendere. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwanso bolivian apistogram (yolakwika) kapena yaing'ono cichlid, chifukwa cha kukula kwake kochepa (mpaka 9 cm m'litali).
Kusunga gulugufe wa ku Bolivia ndiosavuta mokwanira, ndizoyenereranso pama aquariums wamba. Ndiwukali kwambiri kuposa msuweni wake - apistilamu ya ramirezi, koma mwa miyambo ya ma cichlids sakhala wankhanza konse. Ndiwowopsa kuposa kuwukira.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndi wanzeru mokwanira, amazindikira mwini wakeyo ndikupemphapempha chakudya mukamapita ku aquarium.
Kukhala mwachilengedwe
Microivophagus ya Bolivia idafotokozedwa koyamba ndi Haseman mu 1911. Pakadali pano, amatchedwa Mikrogeophagus altispinosus, ngakhale kuti m'mbuyomu ankatchedwa Papotochromis altispinosus (1977) ndi Crenicara altispinosa (1911).
Gulugufe waku Bolivia akuchokera ku South America: Bolivia ndi Brazil. Asodzi ofotokozedwa adagwidwa m'malo osungirako a Bolivia, komwe dzinalo lidachokera.
Amapezeka ku Rio Mamor, pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Rio Guapor, pakamwa pa mtsinje wa Igarape komanso kusefukira kwa Todos Santos. Amakonda kukhala m'malo opanda magetsi, pomwe pali mbewu zambiri, nthambi ndi mabatani, momwe gulugufe amapeza pobisalira.
Makamaka imasunga pakati ndi pansi, pomwe imakumba pansi, pakusaka tizilombo. Komabe, imatha kudyera pakati ndipo nthawi zina kuchokera pamwamba.
Kufotokozera
Gulugufe wa Chromis ndi nsomba yaying'ono yokhala ndi thupi lopindika lopindika komanso zipsepse zamaso. Amuna, zipsepse zimakhala zazitali kwambiri komanso zowongoka kuposa zazikazi.
Kuphatikiza apo, amuna ndi okulirapo, amakula mpaka 9 cm, pomwe zachikazi chimakhala pafupifupi masentimita 6. Chiyembekezo cha moyo wam'madzi ndi pafupifupi zaka 4.
Zovuta pazomwe zili
Zabwino kusungidwa m'madzi wamba, makamaka ngati kulibe chidwi chosunga ma cichlids. Amakhala odzikuza, ndipo chisamaliro wamba chamadzi ndizokwanira iwo.
Amadyanso mitundu yonse yazakudya, ndipo koposa zonse - poyerekeza ndi ma cichlids ena, amakhala malo okhala kwambiri ndipo sawononga mbewuzo.
Kudyetsa
Gulugufe wa ku Bolivia ndi gulugufe wopatsa chidwi, mwachilengedwe amadya pa detritus, mbewu, tizilombo, caviar ndi mwachangu. Asitikali amatha kudya zopangidwa komanso chakudya chamoyo.
Artemia, wopanga chitoliro, corvette, chowononga magazi - gulugufe amadya chilichonse. Ndikwabwino kudyetsa kawiri kapena katatu patsiku, m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.
Ma apistogram sakhala adyera komanso osakudya pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zotsalazo zimatha kuzimiririka pansi ndikangosefukira.
Osachepera voliyumu 80 malita. Mumakonda madzi ndikutuluka pang'ono, komanso kusefa bwino.
Ndikupangiratu kusunga agulugufe aku Bolivia mu aquarium yokhala ndi magaramu okhazikika ndi pH 6.0-7.4, kuuma kwa 6-14 dGH ndi kutentha 23-26C.
Zokhala ndi ammonia otsika mumadzi komanso okosijeni ambiri, chitsimikiziro kuti apeza mtundu wawo wapamwamba.
Monga dothi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga, momwe ma microgeophaguses amakonda kukumba.
Ndikofunikira kupereka malo ambiri okwanira, chifukwa nsomba ndizowopsa. Itha kukhala ngati ma coconuts, miphika, machubu, ndi mauna osiyanasiyana.
Amakondanso kuwala kosagonjetseka, kosakanikirana, komwe kumatha kuthandizidwa ndi mbewu zoyandama zoyandama pamadzi.
Kugwirizana kwa Aquarium
Ndiwofunika kumisunga m'madzi wamba, okhala ndi ma cichlids ena ochepa komanso nsomba zamtendere zosiyanasiyana.
Amakhala olimbirana kuposa ma ramirezi apistograms, komabe ali mwamtendere. Komabe musaiwale kuti ndi yaying'ono, koma ya cichlid.
Amadyera mwachangu, nsomba zochepa kwambiri komanso shirimpu, chifukwa nzeru zake zimakhala zamphamvu. Ndikwabwino kusankha nsomba zofanana kukula, gourami osiyanasiyana, viviparous, barbs.
Ndikwabwino kuti musunge ochepa kapena nokha, ngati pali amuna awiri mu aquarium, ndiye kuti muyenera malo okhala ndi malo ambiri. Kupanda kutero, adzakonza zinthu.
Njira yopangira mabatani ndi yovuta komanso yosatsimikizika. Monga lamulo, nsomba zazing'ono zingapo zoyambirira zimagulidwa, zomwe pamapeto pake zimadzipanga okha. Nsomba zotsalira zimatayidwa.
MUTU WA AQUARIUM
Osachepera voliyumu 80 malita. Mumakonda madzi ndikutuluka pang'ono, komanso kusefa bwino. Ndikupangiratu kusunga agulugufe aku Bolivia mu aquarium yokhala ndi magaramu okhazikika ndi pH 6.0-7.4, kuuma kwa 6-14 dGH ndi kutentha 23-26C. Zokhala ndi ammonia otsika mumadzi komanso okosijeni ambiri, chitsimikiziro kuti apeza mtundu wawo wapamwamba.
Monga dothi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga, momwe ma microgeophaguses amakonda kukumba. Ndikofunikira kupereka malo ambiri okwanira, chifukwa nsomba ndizowopsa. Itha kukhala ngati ma coconuts, miphika, machubu, ndi mauna osiyanasiyana.
Amakondanso kuwala kosagonjetseka, kosakanikirana, komwe kumatha kuthandizidwa ndi mbewu zoyandama zoyandama pamadzi.
Kuswana
Mwachilengedwe, gulugufe wamtundu wa gulugufe amapanga khola lolimba lomwe limayikira mazira 200. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kusankha banja mu aquarium; nthawi zambiri mugule nsomba mpaka 10, zimereni limodzi.
Mabanja amasankha okha, ndikugulitsa kapena kugawa nsomba zomwe zatsala kwa asodzi.
Nthawi zambiri agulugufe aku Bolivia amatuluka mu malo wamba okhala, koma kuti oyandikana nawo asadye mazira, ndibwino kuwabzala m'malo osiyanawo.
Amayikira mazira pamwala wosalala kapena tsamba lalikulu la chomera, pamtunda wa 25 - 28 ° C ndipo osati kuyatsa kowala. Awiriwo amakhala nthawi yayitali kukatula malo osankhidwawo, ndipo kukonzekera izi nkosavuta kuphonya.
Akaziwo amadutsa kangapo mpaka kukagona, kumayikira mazira okhuthala, ndipo nthawi yomweyo yamphongo imakhathamiritsa. Nthawi zambiri, chiwerengerocho chimakhala mazira 75-100, ngakhale mwachilengedwe amabala zina zambiri.
Pamene njirayo imapatsa mazira ake ndi zipsepse, yamphongo imateteza nkhosayo. Amathandiziranso kusamalira mazira, koma amagwira ntchito yambiri.
Pakupita maola 60, mazira amaswa. Makolo amasamutsa nyanjayo kumalo ena, kopanda ena. Pakupita masiku 5-7, mphutsi zimasandukira mwachangu ndikusambira.
Makolo amabisala m'malo ena kwa milungu ingapo. Malek amakonda kwambiri kuyera kwamadzi, choncho muyenera kudyetsa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono ndikuchotsa chakudya chomwe chatsala.
Kuyambira poyambira - dzira yolk, microworm. Akakula, amasamukira ku Artemia nauplii.
A Tail akutsimikizira: maziko azam'madzi
Ma Chromis osanyengerera amatha kukhala mu thanki wamba pafupifupi malita 80 okhala ndi mitundu ina mwamtendere. Nsomba sizimawononga algae, omnivorous. Chinthu chachikulu ndikusunga kuyera kwamadzi ndi magawo otsatirawa:
Chinyezi | ||
6-14 ° dH | 6.0-7.4 pH | + 23 ... + 26 ° С |
Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa compressor kuti ipange kutaya kocheperako komanso fyuluta yodalirika, chifukwa owononga amakonda kuipitsa madzi ndi zinthu zowola. Kuti kuwala kowonekerako kuzioneka mwamphamvu, kuthandizira bwino komanso kusowa kwa ammonia ndikofunikira.
Mwachilengedwe, nsomba zimakonda mabanki am'mchenga, zimalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lomwelo mu thankiyo. Ziweto zimakondwera ndikuphunzira nawo. Kwa Agulu amtopola a Bolivian amapanga malo ambiri okhalamo: mathithi okokomeza, miphika, nyumba zachifumu, zokongoletsera zilizonse ndizoyenera nsomba zamanyazi. Kuunikira kumalimbikitsidwanso kuti kusinthidwe; algae yokhala ndi masamba akuluakulu oyandama angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Matenda ndi Kuteteza
Apistograms amadziwika kuti ndi ziweto zowawa, amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndikusintha kwazomwe chilengedwe chimakhala, amatenga matenda mosavuta ndi matenda opatsirana.
Kutsitsa kutentha kumakwiyitsa madzi, pomwe nsomba imameza mpweya, ndikutulutsa kwa nthawi yayitali kwa mwiniwake, kutupika kumatha kuwoneka pansi pa matayiridwewo.
Kusintha kwamadzimadzi mumadzi okhala ndi ma Butterflies kumapanga ma voliyumu ang'ono. Izi ndichifukwa choti nsomba zimakonda chlorine, ammonia, mchere wa sodium. Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa zinthuzi m'malo osungiramo zinthu kumabweretsa chotupa mu ubongo ndi kufa.
Ndikofunikanso kuyang'anira matenda a parasitic, pokayikira pang'ono matenda, funsani dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
Chimodzi mwazowopsa za nsomba ndi lymphocytosis, sichitha. Thupi limakutidwa ndi mfundo za imvi yokhala ndi timiyala tating'ono takuda.
Maso a chiweto akukulitsidwa ndikukulitsidwa, atha kudwala matendawa kapena chifuwa chachikulu.
Kudyetsa kwambiri kumasokoneza chimbudzi. Kuti akhazikitse zinthu, amasunga chiweto pachakudya chokwanira kwa masiku angapo.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Mwachilengedwe, amadyetsa ndi kupukusa mchenga kudzera pakamwa pawo kufunafuna zolengedwa zosiyanasiyana. Mu aquarium yakunyumba, mchenga ndi njira yofunikira yothandizira pakudya. Dyetsani kumira kouma ndi mankhwala azitsamba, monga ma flakes, granules. Ngati ndi kotheka, artemia wouma, daphnia, magawo am'magazi amatumikiridwa. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono sitiyenera kukhala lalikulu, nsomba siziluma, koma zimeza zonse.
Kukula kwabwino kwam'madzi kwa gulu la nsomba 6-8 kumayambira 200 malita. Amagwiritsa ntchito gawo lamchenga (zofunika!), Zigoba zingapo komanso mbewu zam'madzi zomwe zimapezeka m'malo osungirako malo opanda kanthu pansi. Kuunikira kumakhala kuzimiririka. Poganizira zodabwitsa za zakudya zama nsomba ndi kuwunikira kochepa, mitundu yosakonda yachikondwerero kapena mawonekedwe ofikira ayenera kusankhidwa. Miyala iwiri yayikulu ikhoza kukhala malo owonongera mtsogolo.
Osati wovuta pamadzi abwino ngati abale ena, ndipo titha kukhululuka zolakwika zochepa zomwe sizowona zam'madzi kapena kuyiwalika zokhudzana ndi kukonzanso kwa malo am'madzi. Gulugufe wa ku Bolivia amakonda madzi ofewa, pang'ono acid. Kukonza kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kambiri kumadalira pa kusefedwa kwa kayendetsedwe kake komanso kuchuluka kwa njira zotsukira, kuphatikizapo: kubwezeretsa sabata iliyonse gawo lamadzi (10-15% ya voliyumu) ndi madzi atsopano ndikuchotsa zinyalala za organic (zotsalira za chakudya, chimbudzi).
KUGWANITSA KWA AQUARIUM
Ndiwofunika kumisunga m'madzi wamba, okhala ndi ma cichlids ena ochepa komanso nsomba zamtendere zosiyanasiyana. Amakhala olimbirana kuposa ma ramirezi apistograms, komabe ali mwamtendere. Komabe musaiwale kuti ndi yaying'ono, koma ya cichlid. Amadyera mwachangu, nsomba zochepa kwambiri komanso shirimpu, chifukwa nzeru zake zimakhala zamphamvu. Ndikwabwino kusankha nsomba zofanana kukula, gourami osiyanasiyana, viviparous, barbs.
Ndikwabwino kuti musunge ochepa kapena nokha, ngati pali amuna awiri mu aquarium, ndiye kuti muyenera malo okhala ndi malo ambiri. Kupanda kutero, adzakonza zinthu. Njira yopangira mabatani ndi yovuta komanso yosatsimikizika. Monga lamulo, nsomba zazing'ono zingapo zoyambirira zimagulidwa, zomwe pamapeto pake zimadzipanga okha. Nsomba zotsalira zimatayidwa.
Mawonekedwe
Thupi ndi lalitali, lopangika ndi dzira, lokhala ndi mutu waukulu, zipupa ndizosalala, maso ndi akulu ndi malire akuda. Mzere wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda umadutsa m'diso. Munthu wamkulu komanso wokhwima yemwe amakhala ndi chiwopsezo cha altispinosis amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiyira kumapeto kwa zipsepse zosapanga. Mtundu wautoto ndi wachikaso, ndipo pafupifupi wakuda, wowala pang'ono mu ana, kachidutswa ka mbali, ndi gawo lakuda lakumaso kwake. Amuna a altispinose ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa achikazi, ali ndi malo amdima okhala ndi mikwingwirima yodontha imvi pathupi, pomwe mwa mkazi izi zimasinthidwa ndi mawanga awiri amdima. Amuna nawonso ali ndi utoto wowoneka bwino kwambiri. Bolivian apistogram (makamaka yochokera ku Bolivia) ndiyopepuka, ndiye wachibale wodekha wochokera kuzosunga ku Brazil.
Pazambiri za kubadwa kwa mitundu yamitundu
Pair yoberekera imapangidwa ndi kupempha kwa nsomba zomwe. Kutengera ndi mikhalidwe kapena umunthu womwe anthu amapangira banja, palibe amene akudziwa. Pafupifupi agulugufe aku Bolivia saulula chinsinsi ichi.
Kuberekanso kumatha kuchitika m'madzi wamba, koma, mazira ndi mwachangu adzawonongedwa mwina ndi oyandikana nawo abwino, kapena ndi ma cichlids omwe. Ndi chifukwa chake timafunikira malo oyang'aniranapo ndi magawo a oyang'anira akuluakulu. Kutumphuka kumachitika pang'onopang'ono pazoyala zazomera pachomera chachikulu pamadzi am'madzi, pamwala wosalala kapena mwachindunji pansi, kuchuluka kwa mazira kuyambira 70 mpaka 100.
Makolo amateteza kholalo mpaka kuwaza pang'ono. Zitangochitika izi, ndibwino kuti opangawo abwererenso ku aquarium yayikulu ndikuyamba kuyamba kudyetsa ana ndi mazira owuma kapena ma microworms.
Akatswiri akuti kusunga gulu laling'ono la agulugufe aku Bolivia sikovuta konse, ndipo malingaliro abwino amakhala otsimikizika polankhula nawo. Ndikosatheka kuti musawakonda, ndipo chifukwa cha ichi adzabwezera.
Habitat
South America - Mtunduwu umakhala madera akulu kwambiri, omwe amapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Bolivia, komanso gawo la dziko la Brazil la Mato Grosso, pomwe lingaliro ili loti lili pachigwa chapamwamba cha Rio Madeira ku Bolivia ndi Brazil.
Pali zolembedwa za kukhala ku Rio Mamor ndi Rio Guapor ku Bolivia ndi Brazil, komanso kumtunda kwa Rio Orton basin (mabungwe a Tahuamanu ndi Manuripi).
Imakhala m'misonkho, akulu, malo obisalamo ndi nyanja ndi gawo la mchenga kapena dongo. Chimakhala m'malo osaya. Amakonzekereratu malo opanda chofewekera, masamba ochulukirapo komanso snag zambiri.
Upira Madeira ali ndi mitundu yosangalatsa: masiku ano mitundu yoposa 400 ya nsomba zam'madzi yatsopano yalembedwa.
Kusiyana kogonana
Munthu amatha kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi mu gulugufe wa ku Bolivia atakula. Amuna ndi ochulukirapo kuposa akazi, ali ndi ziphuphu zowongoka, kuphatikiza apo, ndi wamkulu kwambiri kuposa zazikazi. Mosiyana ndi ramirezi, galu wamkazi wa agispinose alibe malo opaka pamimba.
Kufalitsa: South America. Mitsinje ya m'chigwa cha Amazon (Guapor, Mamor) ikuyenda ku Brazil ndi Bolivia.
Kufotokozera: Kufikira 8 cm, kukula mu aquarium kuposa agulugufe a ramirezi. Kamvekedwe ka utoto wamba ka thupi ndi imvi. Malo am'mimba ndi mbali zake pambuyo pake pamatayirapowo ndi tint yofiirira. Chingwe chakuda chimadutsa m'diso. Pali malo owoneka bwino zakuda pambali ya thupi ndi pansi pa dorsal fin. Zipsepse ndi zofiirira, zofiirira, zokhala ndi makaso ofiira owala. Mahatchi omaliza komanso zowala kwambiri zam'mphepete mwa nyambo, akuti. Mawonekedwe akunja a dorsal fin ndi akuda. Nsombazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mutu waukulu ndi maso akulu. Kudyetsa / Mtundu wa chakudya: Amatha kutenga zakudya zamtundu uliwonse, zokhala amoyo komanso zouma. M'pofunika kupereka zakudya zosiyanasiyana.
Magawo amadzi:
- Kutentha 24-29 C
- Acidity (pH) 6.0 -7.6
- Kuuma (dH) 5-20
Kukula kochepera kwa aquarium: Kwa akapolo awiri, aquarium ya malita 60 kapena kupitirira ikufunika. Kwa gulu la nsomba, kuchuluka kwake kumachokera ku malita 100, makamaka ndi malo akulu pansi, mchenga kapena miyala yabwino, miyala yamitengo ndi mitengo yachilengedwe. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira magawo amadzi, kusintha pafupipafupi kwa madzi ochepa (kusintha kwakukulu kumakhala kotsutsana). Ndikulimbikitsidwa kutchera nsomba mumadzi akhazikitsidwa ndi bio-usawa.
Aquarium
Kuchuluka kwa aquarium kumasankhidwa pamlingo wa malita 20 pa nsomba iliyonse.
Zomera zitha kukhala zochulukirapo ndikupanga madera omata, kusiya malo osambira. Nsomba zimafunikira malo okhala ambiri, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito miyala, driftwood, m'mapanga okumbika ndi ma grotto.
Mchenga kapena miyala yaing'ono m'magawo ang'onoang'ono ndioyenera ngati dothi. Kuwala ndizochepa.
Kuyamba
Mu Chilatini, dzina lake limamveka ngati Mikrogeophagus altispinosus (mtundu woyambirira wa Papfirechromis altispinosa). Mutha kupeza dzina lolakwika la nsomba - Bolivian apistogram.Palinso zosankha zamazina asayansi: gulugufe wa Apistogram Bolivian (cichlid waku South America), gulugufe wa gulugufe wa Bolivia, Bolivian papiliochromis, altispinosis apistogram.
Kufotokozera koyamba kwa gulugufe wa ku Bolivia kunapangidwa mu 1911.
Mtchire wamtchire wamtchire wamtchirewu umakhala m'mapiri aku Bolivia ndi Brazil. Agulugufe oyambilira a ku Bolivia adagwidwa mumadziwe oyenda amadziwe aku Bolivia, ndichifukwa chake amatcha nsomba. Amakhala momasuka m'malo osungira omwe amayenda pang'onopang'ono ndi algae, mabatani ndi nthambi zambiri. M'malo otere, gulugufe amakonda kubisala. Imakhala makamaka m'munsi ndi pakati pamadzi. Ndi zosangalatsa amakumba pansi, kufunafuna tizilombo.
Thupi la gulugufe wa ku Bolivia lili ngati dzira lomwe laphimbidwa pambuyo pake. Nsombazo zimakhala ndi maso akulu ndi okongola, ojambulidwa ndi mzere wakuda. Mtundu waukulu wa thupi ndi wachikasu, mutu ndi chifuwa chake ndi lalanje. Fin kumbuyo kumakhala kotalika komanso kotalika, kutsogolo kumakhala kakhalidwe kakang'ono kamdima, kumtunda kwake kumakhala kofiyira. Malire wofiira amakhalanso m'mphepete mwa malembawo. Pali mzere wakuda pamutu, pali mizere yopyapyala yokhala ndi imvi.
Kutalika kwa moyo wamadzi mu aquarium ndizosiyana ndipo zimatha kukhala zaka 4 mpaka 5-7. Mwachiwonekere, izi zimatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi zikhalidwe zakumangidwa.
Dothi komanso zokongoletsa
Nthaka yomwe ili m'madzimo ndi agulugufe aku Bolivia, miyala ing'onoing'ono kapena mchenga wamtsinje umalepheretsa, mutha kuyika miyala ikuluikulu ingapo.
Pansi pa aquarium, malo ambiri okhala ndi shards, zipolopolo za kokonati, nyumba zachifumu ndi snagi amakonzedwa. Mwa algae, gwiritsani ntchito zomwe zimafunika kukhazikika pansi. Zomera zimayikidwa kuti minda yawo ikalowe pansi ndi malo okhala.
Kuwala kwa Aquarium sikuyenera kukhala kowala, nsomba zimakonda kuwala kogonjetsedwa kwa dziko lapansi pansi pamadzi.
Kodi kudyetsa gulugufe wa ku Bolivia?
Ma apulosi amtundu wa agulugufe aku Bolivia ndi opatsa chidwi komanso osapatsa thanzi, monga okhala m'madzi ambiri am'madzi. Ndi chisangalalo chachikulu kuti amamwa chakudya chamoyo kapena chisanu. Kudyetsa nsomba izi, osakaniza amakonzedwa wokhala ndi ma daphnia kapena ma cyclops a 45%, 35% coretre kapena mawombo wamagazi ndi 20% tubule. Kuphatikiza kwa ma krill odulidwa komanso ma cyclops ofiira kumawonjezera khungu.
Momwe mungasiyanitsire pakati pa amuna ndi akazi?
Kugonana kwa agulugufe a ku Bolivia mwa anthu akuluakulu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana kungatengedwe bwino. Munthu amatha kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi ndi izi:
- Zamoyo zamtundu wamtunduwu ndizitali kuposa zazikazi.
- Mphepete zamphongo zazitali kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe. Mwa akazi, zizindikiro izi sizitchulidwa pang'ono.
- Kumbali ya thupi la anyamatawa pali malo amodzi achikuda, ndipo mwa akazi - awiri.
- Thupi la amuna limakhala lowala kuposa akazi.
- Mizere yamafuta kumbuyo kwa yamphongo ndi yayitali komanso yofupika.
Zambiri Zofalitsa
Kubala agulugufe aku Bolivia, monga nsomba iliyonse yobala, ili ndi zinthu zingapo.
Apapikisano a agulugufe aku Bolivia amakhala okhwima pakufika zaka 9 mpaka 12 miyezi. Kuti mubereke, tengani awiri omwe afika zaka 1.5, popeza opanga ochepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri amadya mazira awo. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nsomba zamtunduwu zimapanga awiri olimba, m'malo mwake momwe amatha kukhala mazira 200.
Pongofalikira, ndibwino kubzala gulu la anthu 6 kapena 10. Mu kampani yotereyi, agulugufe a ku Bolivia amadziyimira pawokha, omwe amapitilira ngakhale atasinthidwa ku aquarium ina.
Kutulutsa kumachitika mwachangu kwambiri ngati kutentha kwa aquarium kumachulukitsidwa mpaka madigiri 27. Chowonjezera chomwe chikhala gawo lamadzi tsiku ndi tsiku. Kutulutsa kwa gulugufe wa ku Bolivia kumatha kuchitika m'madzi wamba pabwino.
Kuti mutetezedwe kwa zomangamanga ndi mwachangu, opanga amabzala mu chidebe cha voliyumu yaying'ono (kuchokera pa malita 60). Malo omwe amawaza ndi okutidwa ndi dothi losalala bwino, mwala wosalala kapena pepala lalikulu la njere amayikapo, pomwe mkaziyo adzaikira mazira. Zomera zamadzi zotuwa, ndikupanga kucha, zibzalidwa munthaka.
Utoto usanayambe, awiriwo amatsuka mwalawo kapena tsamba ndikuyamba kubereka. Nthawi imeneyi, awiriawiri amalawa limodzi. Pambuyo pa mphindi 40 mpaka 48 za zokwawa zoterezi, kumakhala mazira okongola ngati amber. Mapangidwe omanga, wamkazi amayimilira pamwamba pake ndikupanga ndi zipsepse, wamwamuna panthawiyi amateteza gawo. Panthawi yodyetsa, othandizira amasintha malo.
Pofuna kupulumutsa ana amtsogolo kuti adyedwe ndi makolo awo, mazira amasamutsidwa ndi kukhazikika pamaso pa nyama zazing'onoting'ono zomwe zimafunikira. Mu makulitsidwe apadera awa okhala ndi voliyumu 15 malita, amapereka kutentha kwapamwamba (madigiri 20), kutalikirana kosalekeza kwamadzimadzi ndi mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito compressor, ndikuyeretsa kwamadzi ndikutulutsa chinkhupule. Kuthira mankhwala pakatikati, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwonjezere madontho ochepa a methylene buluu.
The mwachangu zimawonekera pa 3 kapena 4th tsiku. Kuyambira pano ayamba kusambira ndikudya. Monga chakudya choyambira, makanda amapatsidwa mazira owuma kapena ma microworms.
Matenda a Apistogram ya Gulugufe wa Bolivia
Gulugufe wa ku Bolivia ndi amodzi mwa anthu okhala m'madzi owawa kwambiri.
Maapisto amtunduwu amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndikusintha kwa mndende.
Ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa madzi, nsomba zimafooka ndikukwera kumtunda wamadzi apamwamba. Amawombera mpweya, kutupira kumatha kuwonekera pansi pa gill. Ziweto zitha kuthandizidwa ngati, pazochitika zoyipa zoyambirira, kutentha kwa madzi kumadzuka.
Apistograms amakwiya kwambiri ndikusintha kuchuluka kwamadzi kapena gawo lalikulu la iwo. Mwambowu ungayambitse matenda angapo. Nsomba zimalekerera kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa chlorine, ammonia ndi mchere wa sodium. Kusintha kwathunthu kwamadzi mu aquarium kumatha kupangitsa chotupa mu nsomba.
Zamoyo za parasitic zimatha kupangitsa hexamitosis ndi ichthyofirius mu nsomba.
Matenda osachiritsika a agulugufe aku Bolivia amaphatikizapo lymphocytosis kapena hypertrophy. Tizilombo timeneti ndi timaso takuda timawoneka pa thupi la nsomba yodwala.
Ndi chifuwa chachikulu komanso kukomoka, diso lotseguka limayang'aniridwa ndi nsomba.
Apistograms nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi kudya kwambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa kwa m'mimba. Nthawi zambiri, masiku osala kudya angapo, pomwe nsomba samadyetsedwa konse, amathandiza pavutoli.
Ma agulugufe amtundu wa ku Bolivia amatengela kwambiri pamavuto osiyanasiyana. Makamaka, nsomba izi sizingasinthidwe ndikuyika mu aquarium yokhala ndi magawo ena amadzi. Kufunika kuti azolowere zinthu zatsopano komanso malo okhala zitha kupha nsomba.
Ngati matendawa afotokozedwa bwino, mutha kupita kuchipatala. Pankhani ya kuwonongeka kwakukulu mu mkhalidwe wa agulugufe aku Bolivia, muyenera kuwonjezera kutentha kwa madzi mu aquarium - izi zimathandizira kuti nsomba zitheke.
Zosangalatsa
Ma apinstilogalamu amtunduwu amafunikira pazinthu zam'madzi. Koma izi zitha kuwonedwa ngati mwayi wawo: malinga ndi momwe alili, munthu akhoza kuweluza mtundu wamadzi.
Gulugufe wa ku Bolivia ndi zolengedwa anzeru. Mwa anthu ochepa okhala m'madzimo, amatha kuzindikira eni ake ndikupempha chakudya kuchokera m'manja.
Kuti musunge m'madzi, muyenera kugula nsomba zingapo. Izi ma apistogram amapanga okha awiriawiri, ndikuchotsa anthu otsala.
Matenda a nsomba
Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda chiri m malo omangidwa, ngati apitilira mzere wovomerezeka, ndiye kuti pali kuponderezedwa kwa chitetezo chokwanira ndipo nsomba imayamba kugwidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amapezeka mosagwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Ngati pali kukaikira koyamba kuti nsomba idwala, chinthu choyamba kuchita ndikuwunika magawo am'madzi ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zoopsa za zinthu zomwe zimachitika mozungulira nayitrogeni. Kubwezeretsa zinthu zabwinobwino / koyenera nthawi zambiri kumathandizira kuchira. Komabe, nthawi zina, mankhwala sangapatsidwe. Kuti mumve zambiri pazizindikiro ndi chithandizo, onani gawo la Aquarium Fish Diseases.