Ndi zinthu zoyipa bwanji zomwe sizili mdera lathuli, lopanda malire la Don steppe! Pali mazana a nkhupakupa zolumidwa ndi nkhupakupa, ndipo zinthu zikuwopsa mu fever ya Crimea. Koma nkhupakupa sizoyipa zonse zomwe zimatiyembekezera mlengalenga. Pakadali pano kuchuluka kwa nkhupakupa, alipo ochuluka kwambiri a iwo - ochuluka kwambiri kotero kuti ndikolondola kunena mwadzidzidzi.

Mwanjira ina, ngakhale wamkulu wa chigawo chimodzi, pomwe adathandizidwa pamsonkhano wa maboma azigawo chifukwa chovuta ndi nkhupakupa, adangolamula manja: simungathe kuchita nokha.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowerengera ndalama, zinali zotheka kudziwa kuti: kuti tichotse ming'oma yonse m'deralo pokonza malamba, mabusa ndi misewu yamizinda ndi midzi, ndalama zidzafunika mogwirizana ndi bajeti ya pachaka ya madera ena.

Zachidziwikire, palibe amene adzagawana ndalama ngati nkhupakupa, chifukwa chake timachita nawo motere: malo osewerera, malo asukulu, misasa, manda. Ndipo panthawi yolakwika, osati kuchuluka kwake kapena osati pafupipafupi, timayambitsa chidani. Komanso, akadakhala kuti akungodziunjikitsa pamasamba amenewa ndikudikirira kuti timupatse poizoni. Ndipo pomwepo adamupha poyizoni, patatha masiku atatu adasakanso kuchokera kumalo oyandikana nawo. Chifukwa chake yesetsani kulimbana nayo.

Koma sizongopeka zomwe zili m'malo athu. Pali mizimu ina yambiri yoyipa padziko lapansi. Titha kunena kuti: zoipa zoyipazi ndi zathu zokha. Koma adzikhalanso yekha ndipo osatikhudza, mpaka ife tokha titapanikizika.

Osati kale kwambiri mu steppes yathu kuwoneka akangaude yaying'ono - karakurt. M'mbuyomu, timawerenga za iwo m'mabuku - kuti amakhala ku Central Asia kokha komanso m'malo ena ku Crimea. Koma asayansi akuti ndi kamphepo kameneka, adaziyendetsa makilomita mazana angapo pamatepe kwa zaka zingapo. Tsopano ifenso tili. Mwamwayi, kwatentha ife. Kunatentha chilimwe, monga m'chipululu. Ndipo ndi zomwe Karakurt amafunikira.

Karakurt ali ndi kukula kwapakati: wamkazi 1-2 sentimita, wamwamuna 4 - 7 mamilimita. Thupi limakhala lakuda, wamwamuna ndi wamkazi pamimba amakhala ndi mawanga ofiira, nthawi zina wokhala ndi malire oyera kuzungulira malo aliwonse. Anthu okhwima mokwanira nthawi zina amakhala opanda banga, okhala ndi ma Sheen.

Kuchuluka kwa kulumidwa ndi anthu a nyama za karakurt ndi nyama kumakwera panthawi yomwe akazi akusamukira ku Juni ndi Julayi. Malo abwino okhala komwe kumapezeka chilimwe ndi nyengo yotentha. Malo okhala ndi chowawa, malo owuma, magombe a mitsinje, malo otsetsereka, ndi zina zambiri.

Panthawi yoluma, ululu woyaka nthawi zambiri umamveka, pambuyo pa mphindi 15-30 kufalikira thupi lonse. Nthawi zambiri odwala amadandaula za kupweteka kosalephera pamimba, kutsika kumbuyo, chifuwa. Kukangana kowopsa m'mimba yam'mimba ndikudziwika. Zizindikiro za poizoni wambiri zimaphatikizira kupuma, kupuma, kuchuluka kwa mtima, chizungulire, kupweteka kwa mutu, kunjenjemera, kusanza, kufinya kapena chifuwa cha nkhope, kutuluka thukuta, kumva kupsinjika pachifuwa kapena epigastric, exophthalmos ndi mydriasis. Kuika patsogolo chidwi, bronchospasm, kusungika kwamikodzo komanso defecation ndizodziwika bwino.

Seramu yapadera ya anti-caracourt imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza, mtsempha wamagazi wa novocaine, calcium chloride ndi magnesia hydrosulfate imaperekanso zotsatira zabwino. Ngati kangaude wakulowetsani inu m'munda, kulumikizidwa mwachangu kwa malo olumidwa ndimutu wamoto woyaka ndikofunikira, koma ndikofunikira pasanathe mphindi ziwiri kuluma. Kuchokera pakuwotcha, poizoni yemwe analibe nthawi kuti ayamwe amawonongeka, popeza kangaudeyu amaluma khungu lake ndi chelicera wake mpaka 0.5m. Mulimonsemo, ndikofunikira kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala.

Pofuna kuti karakurt isalowe pakama pa alendo omwe anaganiza zokagona pabwalo, amagwiritsa ntchito chotseka, chopindika komanso chosanja m'mphepete mwa kama.

Ng'ombe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kulumidwa kwa karakurt, ngamila ndi mahatchi, omwe nthawi zambiri amafa, ndizopweteka kwambiri.

Mu zaka zakulidwe zochuluka za kangaudeyu, pakhala kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ziweto zoposa kamodzi ndipo kusamalira nyama kwawonongeka kwambiri. Tsopano m'malo osungira a karakurt amawonongeka ndikumwaza nthaka ndi hexachloran ndi ziphe zina.

Kangaude winanso wathu ndi tarantula ya ku Russia. Idzawoneka yayikulu komanso yoipa kuposa karakurt: kukula kwa kangaude, monga lamulo, ndi masentimita 2,5 mpaka 3,5. Thupi limakutidwa ndi tsitsi. Mtundu umakhala wofiirira, nthawi zina umakhala wakuda. Kangaude akakonzekera kuukira, amakhala mumkhalidwe wodabwitsa kwambiri. Amalumphira kutsogolo mpaka theka la mita.

Tarantula ndiw poizoni, samakonda kuluma munthu, koma kupweteka kwa kuluma kufananizidwa ndi lipenga. Kuluma kumayambitsa kutupa kwanuko. Malowa akuluma ayenera kuwotchedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi machesi. Kuluma kwa kangaude sikuli kopanda, poizoni amapaka pakhungu. Pakupangika, kutentha kwa poizoni kumachitika. Njirayi ndi yofalikira ku Central Asia ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuluma akangaude onse owopsa.

Pafupifupi milandu yakubayo chifukwa chakulumidwa ndi tarantula sichidziwika, koma mwa ana zotsatira zake zimakhala zovuta, mabala sangathe kuchira kwa masiku awiri.

Malowa azitsuka ndikutsukidwa. Nthawi zambiri mtundu wina wa mankhwala suyenera.

Akatswiri a maInomus akuti adawona kale phalax m'dera lathu. Ma phalanges, kapena saltpugs, kapena bichors, kapena kangaude wa ngamila, amakhala m'madambo. Pafupifupi mitundu 1000 imadziwika. Ma phalanges ndi akuluakulu arachnids. Mwachitsanzo, phalanx yapakati ku Asia imafika kutalika kwa masentimita 5-7. Matupi awo ndi miyendo yawo amaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali.

Ma phalange ang'onoang'ono samatha kuluma kudzera pakhungu laumunthu, koma zazikulu zimatha kuchita izi. Kuluma kwa phalanx kumakhala kowawa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amadutsa popanda zovuta, koma nthawi zina amatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ma arachnid alibe ma cell a poizoni, koma zowola za omwe adachitidwazo kale, zomwe zimatha kulowa mu bala ndikuyambitsa kutupa, nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa pa chelicerae yawo.

Kuluma kwa salpuga kumakhala kowawa kwambiri, koma osapha. Popeza ndikotheka kupatsira mabala ndi kuluma, iyenera kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (ayodini, wobiriwira wanzeru); muyenera kufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala kuti muthe kupweteka.

Erezus ndi kangaude winanso wautoto wachilendo. Ichi ndi kangaude wokongola kwambiri, ndipo utoto wake umafanana ndi hussar wolimba mtima: cephalothorax ndi yakuda, velvet, ndi mikwingwirima yofiyira kumbali zake, pamimba pake ndi ofiira, okhala ndi mawanga anayi akuda m'mbali yoyera, miyendo ndi yakuda, yokhala ndi mikwera yoyera. Koma amuna okha ndiwo amavala bwino, zovala za akazi ndizovala kwambiri - zovala zonse zakuda. Kukula kwakukulu kwa eresus ndi 1 - 1.5 cm.

Erezus amakhala m'makola, amadyetsa makamaka nsikidzi. Ku Russia, erezus siachilendo, amakhala kum'mwera kumapiri. Kuchulukana kwa anthu pafupifupi 3 mpaka 4 pa anthu 100 alionse. Makamaka erezus ngati malo otsetsereka, okhala ndi zitsamba ndi tchire laling'ono. Apa, monga lamulo, kum'mwera kwa phirili amakumba mink yopingasa yopingasa ndi mainchesi asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri. Erezus ali ndi poizoni, kuluma kwawo ndikupweteka kwambiri. Kangaudeyu amaluma kudzera pakhungu la chelicera ndikulowetsa sumu m'malonda. M'malo moluma, mumamva kuwawa kwakanthawi, komwe kumasinthidwa ndikumverera kwa dzanzi. Zomverera zosasangalatsa zimatha patatha masiku awiri mpaka asanu ndi limodzi. Erezus si chiwopsezo ku moyo wa munthu.

Kangaude wina wapoizoni ndi mtanda. Pamtunda wapamwamba pamimba pali malo oyera kapena oyera a bulauni omwe amapanga mtanda. Miyeso yaikazi ndiyoti imayambira masentimita 1.5 mpaka 2.5, yamphongo imakhala pafupifupi 1 centimeter.

Poizoni wa mitanda ndi poizoni kwa ma invertebrates ndi ma vertebrates. Poizoniyu ali ndi thermolabile hemolysin, yomwe imagwira ntchito pa erythrocyte ya kalulu, makoswe, mbewa, ndi anthu, pomwe ma erythrocyte a nkhumba ya Guinea, kavalo, nkhosa, ndi galu amalephera.

Kwa anthu, kangaudeyu nthawi zambiri amakhala wopanda vuto. Amatha kuyatsa kwambiri, minofu necrosis pamaso pa ziwengo. Nthawi zina kuluma kumakhala kowawa kwambiri. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, kuluma kwa mtanda waukulu sikumapweteka kuposa kuluma kwa chinkhanira.

Koma kupatula akangaude, njoka zimapezekanso mu steppes zathu, komanso zakupha.

Nyoka ya steppe ndi mtundu wa njoka zapoizoni zomwe zimakhala ku Europe ndi Asia, kuphatikiza ku Russia, mdera la Rostov.

Pambuyo yozizira kumawonekera mu Marichi-Epulo. Zoyipa. Poizoni wa hematolytic (amakhudza magazi ndi ziwalo zopanga magazi). Kulumwa kumabweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu kwa ziweto komanso anthu. Nyama zodyedwa zimafa chifukwa cha magazi komanso zotupa zingapo mkati.

Kulumwa ndi mphalapala za njoka wamba kumabweretsa chiopsezo, koma nthawi zambiri sichimapha munthu. M'mbiri, "zolembedwa" zimakonzedwa pamilandu imodzi yokha ya kufa kwa munthu kuchokera pakuluma kwa mphiri. Anali Prince Oleg, yemwe adalandira imfa "kuchokera ku kavalo wake."

Kulumwa ndi mphako kumakhala kowawa, koma ambiri ovutitsidwa amayambiranso m'masiku ochepa, ngakhale atapanda kuchitidwa. Mavuto pambuyo pakuluma, nthawi zina masabata osatha, amayamba chifukwa cha njira zosayenera, zoyipa zodzithandira. Kupweteka kwamphamvu kumamveka pamalo akumwa, hemorrhagic edema imayamba, kufalikira kupitirira bala. Patsamba la edema, madera a necrotic amatha kupanga. Wovutitsidwayo akumva kuwawa, kufooka, kusanza, ndipo watukula ma lymph node. Ndi chithandizo choyenera, patatha masiku ochepa, zizindikilo zopweteka zimatha, chotupacho chimatha, ndipo munthuyo amamva bwino.

Njira zina zothandizira anthu oyamba kulumwa ndi njoka zimalimbikitsidwa. Choyamba, ngati njoka yakuluma, usachite mantha. Mukangoluma, ndikofunikira kuyamwa mankhwalawo pamodzi ndi magazi ndi pakamwa kwambiri ndikumulavulira. Izi zitha kuchitidwa ndi iye mwini komanso anthu ena. Kuyamwa kwa poizoni ndi muyezo wogwira bwino pamene walumidwa ndi steppe kapena njoka wamba, chifukwa mano a mitundu iyi ndi ochepa, ululu umalowa kwambiri mkati mwake: miniti yoyamba itakuluma, kupitilira theka la sumuyo ikhoza kuchotsedwa motere. Ngati palibe zowonongeka pamlomo wamkati wa munthu, ndiye kuti njira yotsekera ndiyotetezeka kwathunthu kwa iye. Ululu wanjoka, kulowa mkamwa mwamkamwa komanso m'mimba, sizikhudza thupi, chifukwa umagawanika ndi malovu ndi madzi a m'mimba.

Komabe, ngati pakhale kuvulala pamlomo wamkamwa, michere ya milomo, mano okhathamira, njirayi singagwiritsidwe ntchito mulimonse: kuyamwa kwa poyizoni kudzera m'magazi ndiye kwadzidzidzi. Pankhaniyi, ndikwabwino kutentha mwachangu bala lomwe lili ndi mutu wamoto woyaka. Muyenera kuchita izi mwachangu: pakatha mphindi zisanu, kulumikizana kwatha kukhala kosagwira kale.

Kachiwiri, ndikofunikira kupatsa wodwalayo mtendere (atagona pamthunzi) ndikupatsa chakumwa chochuluka (tiyi, khofi). Sitikulimbikitsidwa kumwa zakumwa zomwe zimakhala ndi mowa, zomwe zimakulitsa zizindikiro zowawa.

Chachitatu, musalole kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito zingwe zazingwe ndi kukoka zovala zanu. Simungathe kuyambitsa bala ndi potaziyamu permanganate, kupanga mabala pamalo akulumidwa, mwinanso kudula zala. Izi zimatha kuyambitsa magazi komanso chizimba, zomwe zotsatira zake zimakhala zoipa kwambiri kuposa kuluma.

Chachinayi, kuti muchepetse kuwonetseredwa kwa matupi awo, muyenera kum'patsa wodwala mapiritsi awiri a diphenhydramine, suprastin, kapena antihistamine wina. Zotsatira zabwino sizipezeka chifukwa chomwa mapiritsi, koma jekeseni wa 1-2 ml ya Tavegil, yemwe amadzibayira mosamala pang'ono pafupi ndi kuluma (chilondacho chimabayidwa m'malo angapo m'mavuto ang'onoang'ono). Woopsa milandu, kupewa anaphylactic mantha, jekeseni wa mu mnofu wa 2-3 ml ya Dexazone kapena Dexamethasone amathanso kuvomerezedwa. Pambuyo pa thandizo loyamba, wozunzidwayo ayenera kupita kuchipatala.

Palinso njoka ku Don steppe. Zilibe vuto kwa anthu. Osati chifukwa chakuti si oopsa - kusiyanasiyana ndi njoka zapoizoni, mano "ogwilitsa" njoka ndi ozama ndipo samapezeka kuti angoluma.

Kale wamba ali ndi malo amtundu wa lalanje-achikasu osakhalitsa. Njoka zamadzi zilibe mawanga, koma simuyenera kuziwopanso. Mtundu wake, monga lamulo, ndi maolivi omwe ali ndi malo akuda omwe adakonzedwa mu cheke. Nthawi zina pamakhala maolivi okhala ndi maolivi kapena anthu akuda.

Vipers ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi njoka, koma, mosiyana ndi iwo, amdima, osatchulidwa kwambiri omwe amakongoletsa mbali zamtundu wa steppe. Mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, njoka za mdera la Rostov, kuphatikizapo njoka za ana opondaponda, sizigwera koyamba. Amangoluma podziteteza.

Komabe kudera la Rostov pali maluwa achikasu. Amakonda malo owuma, tchire, kuti mutha kumakumana naye kulikonse. Njoka iyi siyopanda poizoni, koma ndiyankhanza kwambiri. Amayenda mwachangu kwambiri ndipo amakabisala m'nkhokwe kapena m'maenje a anthu ena. Ngati wamanjayo wachikasu alibe nthawi yobisala, ndiye kuti amathamangira womuthamangitsa ndikuluma kwambiri, komanso kuwopsa. Njoka zokhala ndi chikasu zimakula mpaka mamita awiri, koma zotengera zazikulu ngati izi sizikupezeka m'dera la Rostov. Mimba yachikasu idatchedwa dzina chifukwa chamimba owala a lalanje kapena pamimba achikasu. Monga njoka zonse za m'chigawo cha Rostov, chokhala ndi chikasu chimapewa malo ambiri.

Mwambiri, njoka za mdera la Rostov mwina sizili ndi poizoni konse, kapena poizoni wakeyo sapha. Komabe, ngati dothi likuluma, kuchira kumatha kutenga nthawi yayitali.

Apa, mwina, onse ndi "ma bastards" oyambira a stepep yathu. Chikhalidwe chathu ndi chosiyana bwanji! Imakhala ndi zabwino komanso zosangalatsa zambiri kwa anthu. Ndipo chifukwa chake - dzisamalire!

Njoka zapoizoni

Zoyenera zina zimangokhala mu steppe / nkhalango-steppe, pomwe zina zimapezeka kudera lonse la Rostov. Njoka zapoizoni zikuyimiriridwa ndi mitundu inayi, yomwe poizoni wake ndiowopsa kwa anthu ndi ziweto. Chokhacho chomwe muyenera kudziwa ndikuti njokayo sikuwukira poyamba ngati simusokoneza (mwanjira yolowera kapena mwangozi).

Steppe viper

Masana njoka ikusankha malo otseguka - mapiri ndi zipululu za Rostov. Ziwerengero zazikulu kwambiri zalembedwa kum'mwera, kum'mawa ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa.

Njoka yotsala siyitali kwambiri, ikukula pafupifupi mpaka 61-63 masentimita, pomwe masentimita 55 imagwera thupi lodzala, ndi ena onse kumuchira wamfupi. Makhalidwe ake ndi ana opapatiza (ofukula), mutu wooneka bwino komanso mchenga wotuwa wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a zigzag m'mbali mwake. Mamelvin (anthu akuda) pansi pa Rostov amabadwa kawirikawiri.

Nthawi ndi nthawi, chifukwa cholumidwa ndi njoka, mahatchi ndi ng'ombe zazing'ono pabusa zimafa. Zotsatira zakupha sizingachitike kwa munthu, pokhapokha ngati anaphylacticadzidzidzidwe ikachitika, ndipo thandizo silifika nthawi.

Njoka yotsala, ngakhale ili ndi poizoni, ndiyowopsa. Pamsonkha, amathawira msanga, ndikuwukira mwamphamvu ngati njira yobwererera yatha.

Nthawi zambiri, njoka zam'mimba zimabweretsa chizungulire, kupuma movutikira, kufooka, kuzizira, kutupa, ndi hematomas / matuza pamalo a kuluma. Thupi labwino limatha kuthana ndi kuledzera masiku ochepa.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zochita za anthu, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya agulugufe akhala akucheperachepera: Russia siyokhanso, komwe nyamazo zimawopsezanso kutha. Kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi, poyizoni wa steppe viper adayimitsidwa, ndipo iwowokha adatengedwa motsogozedwa ndi The Bern Convention (Convention for the Protection of Fauna / Flora and Natural Habitats ku Europe).

Njoka wamba

Mitundu yamitundu mitundu "imaphimba" makamaka madera akumpoto ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dera la Rostov, komabe, zitsanzo za anthu zimapezekanso m'chigawo chapakati.

Zosamalidwa ndizapakatikati kukula.Njoka zamamita zimapezeka kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi (mwachitsanzo, ku Scandinavia), timatumba ting'onoting'ono timakhala ku Don steppes (mpaka 65 cm). Njokayo ili ndi thupi lolimba, mchira waufupi komanso mutu wopindika utawalekanitsa ndi khosi.

Mtundu wa thupi umasiyanasiyana ndipo imatha kukhala imvi, yofiirira, yofiirira komanso yofiirira yokhala ndi tint yamkuwa. Zowonjezera zakuda zimapezeka pano ndi apo.

Njoka iyi imayambiranso kumbuyo kwa patipeni ya zigzag, ndikudzilemba kumutu kuti "X", ndipo nsonga ya mchira imapakidwa penti wofiira, lalanje kapena wachikasu.

Ululu wa mphiri wamba umakwiyitsa zotupa zambiri komanso maonekedwe a malo omwe amakhala pafupi ndi kuluma, kotero kulimba kwa poizoni kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyandikira kwa kuluma kumutu. Zizindikiro zake zimakhala kufooka kwambiri, chizungulire, komanso kuzizira. Kuluma kwa serpenti wamba sikumafa: kokha ndi chifuwa.

Viper Nikolsky

Sikuti akatswiri onse azakuthambo amadziwa kuti ndi mtundu wodziimira pawokha, womwe amati ndi mtundu wa njoka wamba. Ngakhale kufanana ndi kusungunuka, nyoka ya Nikolsky ili ndi mtundu wakudziyimira pawokha, wosiyana ndi mtundu wina wa njoka osati mu mtundu wake wakuda wakuda, komanso makulidwe a masikelo ndi ziphuphu za diso - wophunzirayo sadziwika, popeza wazunguliridwa ndi phokoso lakuda.

Zamoyo zazikuluzikulu zimakula mpaka 85cml kutalika ndi thupi lolemera komanso loonda, lopindika pang'ono.

Zosangalatsa. Njoka zazing'ono ndizopepuka kuposa achikulire ndipo zojambulidwa zofiirira ndi zofiirira zofiirira pambali pake: pofika chaka cha 3 cha moyo, miyeso imachita khungu ndipo mawonekedwewo amazimiririka.

Nyoka yoopsa kwambiri ya m'chigawo cha Rostov imakhala kumpoto, kumadzulo komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dera la Rostov, ndikusankha, monga lamulo, malo akutali a nkhalango (zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatambalala) zomwe zimadulidwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje.

Zakudya za nyoka Nikolsky zikuphatikiza:

• nsapato
• makoko ang'onoang'ono
• achule
• mbalame zikagona pansi
• mazira ndi anapiye.

Njoka zazing'ono zimadyera zazing'ono zazing'ono, achule a bulauni, adyo, nsomba ndipo sizipewa zovalazo. Pamtunda, njoka za Nikolsky zim akwawa pang'onopang'ono, koma zimasambira mwachangu kwambiri kuposa mphukira zina za "Rostov".

Poizoni wa njer Nikolsky amadziwika kuti ndi woopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha kupha anthu ambiri m'mitima ya m'mtima mwake (kusokoneza ntchito ya minofu ya mtima), kuphatikizidwa ndi ziphe za hemorrhagic. Pambuyo kuluma, palpitations ndi kukokana zimadziwika, nthawi zina, kukomoka ndi chikomokere. Sichikupatulidwa (makamaka mu odwala matwala) ndi imfa.

Tsopano Vipera nikolskii amatetezedwa ku Khopersky Reserve.

Zopezekeratu

Ndiye mollusk wa ku Pallas - mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, amakonda ma chipululu ndi maponda. Amakhala kumaderako, malo owuma kwambiri komanso otentha kwambiri m'dera la Rostov: kumwera chakum'mawa ndi Salsk steppe.

Njokayo imazindikiridwa ndi msana wake wa bulauni kapena wa bulauni, wokhala ndi mawanga amdima akuda. Malo ang'onoang'ono amawoneka kumbali, komanso kumutu, m'mphepete mwake komwe kuli mzere wakuda wa postorbital. Pakati pa oimira nyamazo, anthu akuda ndi ofunda njerwa siachilendo.

Zosangalatsa. Shchitomordniki adakhala ndi dzina lawodziwika chifukwa cha zotupa zokulitsa (kukula kwa mafupa) pamutu.

Njoka ya dzenjeyi, ngakhale mumdima wamdima, imatha kumva kukhalapo kwa nyama yamagazi ofunda. Nyama zamtchire zimagwiriridwa ngati zoseweretsa zazing'ono. Zakudya za njoka zachikulire zimakhala ndi ma vertebrates ang'onoang'ono:

• makwerero oyambira
• nsapato
• abuluzi ndi njoka
• mbalame zazing'ono / anapiye,
• mazira mbalame.

Kuluma kopweteka kumakhala kowawa kwa anthu, koma nthawi zambiri kumapha kavalo ndi ziweto zina. Njoka imakumana ndi munthu ngati chiwopsezo chichokera kwa iye, chomwe (posakhala ndi thandizo la panthawi yake) chitha kuchititsa kuti ziwalo zam'mimba zipume. Patatha ola limodzi kuchokera pamene njoka yamenyedwa, kuyembekezedwa ndi kusazindikira, komanso hematomas, zotupa ndi zotupa m'malo oluma, zomwe zimatsogolera minofu necrosis.

Njoka yoyesedwa

Imakhala ya banja la mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso yosinthika kukhala ndi moyo wazipangidwe zosiyanasiyana zamapulaneti - mapiri, matanthwe, zigwa za mitsinje, kunja kwa madambo, m'misamba yamchere, m'minda ya mpunga, mapiri, nkhalango za juniper, mabango, mapiri, komanso nkhalango zowerengeka komanso zosakanikirana.

Unali njoka yoyipa komanso yopanda vutoyi komwe anthu am'derali amachitcha "chess njer", ikufalikira molimbika kwambiri kotero kuti njokayo yolowera idalowa mu Red Book of the Russian Federation.

Othamanga achikulire amakula mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka ndipo amakhala ndi utoto wosinthika kwambiri kuyambira mtundu wa bulauni mpaka imvi ndi yakuda (mumayimbidwe). Pali mizere 4 yosiyana pokwerapo, ziwiri zomwe zimapita kumchira. Pamwamba pamutu, mawanga awiri amdima akuwoneka, ndipo mzere wakanthaŵi ndiwotambasuka kudzera m'diso (wokhala ndi wophunzira wozungulira).

Njoka zoyendetsedwa bwino zimakwera mitengo, miyala ndi nthaka, zimasambira bwino komanso kusambira. Nthawi zambiri amabisala voids pansi pa mizu, mabowo akale ndi miyala yamiyala.

Zosanja njoka zikuphatikiza:

• zazing'ono zazing'ono
• mbalame, anapiye awo / mazira,
• amphibians
• njoka zapakatikati
• nsomba,
• tizilombo.

Adani achilengedwe a njoka ndiwopezeka padziko lapansi komanso zilombo zokhala ndi thukuta, makamaka, chiwombankhanga, komanso posachedwapa, anthu, ngakhale njoka imayesanso kulowa.

Njoka inayi yamanjira zinayi

Wina wapachiyambi, wokhala ndi kutentha kwambiri, koma wamtambo wokhala ndi mabatani okhala ndi chinyezi chokwera kwambiri. Kudera la Rostov, njoka yam'mbuyo inayi imasankha nkhalango zowirira ndi mafunde, malo osefukira amtsinje, malo opanda mchenga, malo otsetsereka a miyala (malo okwera ndi zitsamba), minda yazipatso ndi minda yamphesa. Pansi pachitetezo chimagwiritsa ntchito miyala ikuluikulu mu miyala, mabowo ndi mabowo, komanso ming'alu yakuya pansi.

Njira zinayi ndizokulirapo kuposa njoka yoyendetsedwa: kutalika kwakutali 1.5 m, zosemphanitsa zamitunda yopitilira 2 zimapezekanso.

Awa ndi njoka yochepa thupi yokhala ndi mutu wopyapyala wokhala ngati diamondi komanso kufooka kwakanthawi. Pali magulu atatu odziwika a njoka yakutali-inayi (2 aiwo sapezeka ku Russia), omwe ali osiyana ndi anzawo kunja ndi machitidwe awo.

Zokonda zam'mlengalenga sizingokhala ndi makoswe okha: njokayo imagwiritsa ntchito ngati ma ubweya achichepere, mbalame ndi mabwinja a mbalame. Njoka zokulira nthawi zambiri zimadya abuluzi. Njoka siyimangodumphira pamitengo, komanso mopanda kukangana imafalikira kuchokera ku nthambi imodzi kupita ku imzake, ngati italekanitsidwa ndi 0,5-0.6 m.

Adani achilengedwe a njoka ndi nkhandwe, zala ndi mbalame zolusa. Pozindikira munthu, njokayo ikuyesa kubisala mu udzu wakuda, koma sizigwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Amakhala akulakwitsa zowonjezera ndipo amaphedwa, ndichifukwa chake njoka yokwera maulendo anayi idafika pamasamba a Red Book of the Russian Federation.

Caspian, kapena njoka yokhala ndi chikasu

Adalandira ulemu wolemekezeka kwambiri wa njoka yayikulu osati m'chigawo cha Rostov, komanso ku Europe yonse, popeza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana amakula mpaka mamita 2.5.

Wokhalamo wokhala wouma (wotseguka / wamtundu wotseguka) wa ma boti - theka-chipululu, malo opondera, miyala yovuta, matanthwe a mitsinje, malamba amtchire, malo otsetsereka, malo otsetsereka a mitengo ndi makhwawa. Sichichita manyazi ndi malo olimidwa - minda yazipatso ndi minda yamphesa, mipanda yamiyala, nyumba zosiyidwa ndi malovu. Ikakwilira mumsewu, nthawi zambiri imafa pansi pa magudumu a magalimoto.

Njoka ya Caspian imagwiritsa ntchito chilichonse chomwe chimakwawa pakhosi pake. Masewera okondedwa - zinyama zazing'ono ndi mbalame. Njoka yochuluka kwambiri imawononga mbewa ndi makoswe, nthawi ndi nthawi kuluma gopher ndi raccoons.

Njoka yokhala ndi chikasu imeza ng'ombe zazing'ono zili ndi moyo, pomwe yayikulu imakankhidwira pansi, ndikuthyooka ndi thupi lake.

Njoka siyofanana konse ndi chowonjezera, koma mosiyana ndi izi, nthawi zonse imakhala ndi manja a anthu osoka, chifukwa chake ili m'gulu la mitundu yosavomerezeka ku Russia.

Zowona, izi zimapezekanso kuchokera ku chinjoka chachikulu, chomwe (mosiyana ndi njoka imodzimodziyo) sichimakonda kuthawa, koma chimakonda kudziteteza koopsa. Pozindikira kuti mdaniyo ali ndi cholinga choyipa, njokayo imazungulira ndikugundika, ndikuponya mtembo mwadzidzidzi kuti ilume kumaso kapena khosi. Inde, njoka ilibe poizoni, chifukwa chake zonse zomwe zingachite ndikupweteketsa khungu.

Nsomba zamkuwa

Imapezeka mdera la Rostov pafupifupi kulikonse. Monga njoka, ndi ya banja limodzimodzilo, koma imawoneka ngati yodetsa nkhawa, popeza poizoni wake amagwira nyama zazing'ono ndi tizilombo.

Kuchokera ku njoka zambiri zaku Europe, chulukacho chimasiyanitsidwa ndi lingwe lalitali lakuda lomwe limadutsa diso ndi mwana wozungulira (monga m'malo onse omwe siwopanda poizoni). Mano amakula mkatikati, chifukwa chomwe wolakwiridwayo amapeza chakumwa chochepa cha poizoni. Ma kopi achikulire sakhala motalika kuposa 60-70 masentimita ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala wokutidwa ndi mizere ingapo ya malo osunthika (owonjezerapo khosi), nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa kukhala mikwingwirima yosagwirizana. Nape imakongoletsedwanso ndi mawanga / mikwingwirima.

Zofunika. Ojambula anali kujambulidwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana - imvi, bulauni, chikasu, chilichonse chamtundu wa bulauni komanso chofiirira. Anthu akuda kwambiri amabadwa, mpaka mpaka kumuda (ndi melanism).

Ngongoleyo imagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo, kukula kwa njoka, abuluzi ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Mitundu yonse yamitunduyi, yomwe yadziwika kale kuti ndi yosatetezeka, ikuchepa mwachangu, chifukwa cha zinthu za anthropogenic - kulima kwakhazikika, kugwera kwa mitengo ndi ena.

Madzi kale

Zothandiza m'dera la Rostov (makamaka la Don riverplain), mtundu womwe umamatirira kumalo osungira zachilengedwe. Sikovuta kusiyanitsa ndi nkhono wamba chifukwa chosapezeka malo owoneka pang'ono. Ndi njoka yokhala ngati maolivi yomwe msana wake umakutidwa ndi mawanga amdima, ukuyenda.

Mtundu wa njoka yamadzi ulinso wa monochrome - wakuda kapena azitona, osawona. Njoka wamkulu imakula mpaka 1-13 m, nthawi zambiri mpaka 1.6 m. Maso ali ozungulira, pang'ono pang'ono. Kwa nthawi yambiri masana, madzi amasambira kale, akugwira nsomba ndi nyama zazing'ono.

Mwachizolowezi

Mwina njoka yodziwika bwino m'dera la Rostov. Pompano, ngati si melanist, ndizovuta kusokoneza ndi njoka ina: amapatsidwa ndi zolemba ziwiri zowala kumbuyo kwamakutu (zoyera, zachikaso, lalanje kapena zapinki). Zachikazi ndizazikulu kuposa zazimuna ndipo zimatha kufikira mamilimita awiri, kutalika kwa munthu osapitirira mita. Makoswe, achule ndi nsomba zimakhala chakudya. Zidyamakanda zina, kuphatikiza ndi nthenga, komanso nthenga, zimasaka njokayo.

Zochita mukakumana ndi njoka

Tiyenera kumulola apite, zomwe adzagwiritse ntchito. Ngati kuukira kudachitika chifukwa chakusasamala kwanu (mudazolowera njoka kapena kuipeza ndi ndodo), tengani antihistamine iliyonse. Pofuna kupewa kudana ndi anaphylactic, jekeseni yankho la tavegil (1-2 ml) pansi pa khungu, ndi kudula mabala mbali zonse. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zoopsa, gwiritsani ntchito intramuscularly dexazone kapena dexamethasone (2-3 ml), kenaka tengani wodwala kuchipatala.

Chidwi. Osayamwa poizoni (ndi wopanda pake), osawotcha kapena kudula chilondacho, kuti muchepetse minofu kufa.

Sungani miyendo yake pakumwa, imwani 70 g wa mowa wamphamvu (ndi vodovilator), ndipo imwani zamadzimadzi zambiri (tiyi wamafuta, mowa, khofi), popeza poizoni umaperekedwa kudzera mu impso.

Mitundu yosakhala yoopsa

Mitundu yotsatirayi siyowopsa kwa njoka zomwe zimakhala m'chigawo cha Rostov:

1. Kale wamba.
2. Madzi kale.
3. Mkuwa.
4. Njoka yamanjira zinayi.
5. Njoka yokhala ndi chikasu.
6. Njoka yoyesedwa.

Ganizirani njoka iliyonse mwatsatanetsatane.

Kale wamba

Kale wamba - awa ndi njoka yamanyazi kwambiri yomwe sakonda kuyanjana ndi munthu. Njoka ili ponseponse.

Osati poyizoni komanso samakonda kuluma. Komabe, mukaleka kukwiya kapena kumuwopseza kwambiri, amayamba kumangoyenda mokalipa ngakhale munthuyo. Amachita zonsezi kuti athe kuthawa mwachangu. Komanso monga chitetezo, amagwiritsa ntchito njira za "mtembowo". Wodziyerekeza amakhala kuti wamwalira ndipo wagona osatsegula pakamwa pake. Ngati izi sizikuthandiza, amayamba kupanga enzyme yosasangalatsa (yofanana ndi skunk), yomwe imawopseza mdani.

Akuluakulu amadyera nyama zazing'ono monga achule, abuluzi kapena nsomba zazing'ono. Ambiri mwa moyo wawo amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Achinyamata amadya kwambiri ma tadpoles, slugs andwwww.

Kulumikizana ndi njoka kumachitika nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pobisalira, mu Epulo kapena Meyi. Pomwepo mu Juni-Julayi, mkaziyo amaikira mazira pafupifupi 30 pamalo otentha. Mitengo ya udzu, manyowa, ndi zina zambiri imakhala malo amtunduwu .. Pakatha miyezi iwiri, nyama zazing'ono zimabadwa. Kutalika kwa thupi la ana osabadwa kumene sikudutsa masentimita 17. Nthawi zambiri, akazi amaberekanso kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri.

Monga zokwawa zina, njoka zimakonda kusewera padzuwa. Amachita izi pofuna kuwonjezera kutentha kwa matupi awo. Mosiyana ndi zinyama, ndi nyama yamwazi wozizira.

Madzi kale

Njoka yamadzi ndi njoka yopanda sumu ya banja yodzilekanitsa kale. Nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi njoka yapoizoni, chifukwa mosiyana ndi mwana wake, njoka wamba, madzi ndi njoka yankhanza.

Kuyambira njoka yamadzi wamba imasiyanitsa maonekedwe ake. Madzi sakhala ndi mawonekedwe achikaso kapena malalanje pa nape ya mutu, yomwe njoka wamba imakhala nayo.

Mtundu wake, mitundu zotsatirazi ndizolamulira:

Pali njoka zakuda mwamtheradi, koma sizofala kwambiri.

Njoka iyi imakutidwa m'matumba a cubic. Ngati titatenga dzina lachi Latin kuti "tessellata" ndikulimasulira, "timakutidwa ndi ma cubes". Pakati pa anthu, njoka yamadzi imatchulidwanso njoka yotchedwa chess.

Monga wamba, amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi.

Copperfish

Nsomba zamkuwa zamphongo ndi njoka yopanda poizoni ya anthu osalabadira. Kale, ku Russia anthu amakhulupirira kuti ngati ulumidwa ndi wokopera, ungamwalire dzuwa litalowa. Chikhulupiriro ichi chikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi utoto wa njokayo, yomwe imawala ndi tenti wamkuwa padzuwa. Koma monga taonera kale, nsomba ya mkuwa ndi njoka yopanda poizoni, motero kuluma kwake sikungayambitse kuvulaza thupi.

Yokha, ndi yaying'ono kukula. Kutalika kwa thupi lake sikupita masentimita 70. Kuwona pang'ono pang'ono kwa thupi kumawonedwa. Amuna ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa zazikazi.

Mchira wa omwe amapopawo ndi waufupi kwambiri kuposa thupi la njoka (nthawi pafupifupi 4-6).

Njoka yamanjira zinayi

Njoka yakumanja inayi ndi njoka yopanda poizoni yochokera ku banja lomwelo. Imayenda mosavuta kudzera pamitengo ndi tchire, ndichifukwa chake imatchedwa njoka yokwera. Imagwira makamaka kuyambira pakati pa Epulo mpaka Seputembala. Nthawi zina mpaka Okutobala. Mu nthawi yophukira ndi yophukira imagwira ntchito masana, pomwe mungathe kuyenda pang'ono padzuwa. M'chilimwe, pakatentha kwambiri, amabisala m'makola a ndodo, pansi pa nthambi, m'mitengo, pansi pa miyala, etc.

Amadyetsa abuluzi ndi mbalame zambiri (koma nthawi zambiri mazira ake). Amawapeza zisa zomwe zili pamitengo.

Monga taonera kale, njoka yam'manja inayi sikubweretsa ngozi kwa anthu.

Njoka yokhala ndi chikasu

Njoka yokhala ndi chikasu ndi njoka yayikulu, koma yopanda poizoni kuchokera ku banja la omwe kale ali osiyana. Kutalika kwake, kumatha kufika mamita 2.5. Komabe, nthawi zambiri pamakhala anthu omwe kutalika kwa thupi lawo sikupita mamita 2. Mutu umakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, olekanitsidwa pang'ono ndi khosi. Lilime ndi lalitali kwambiri komanso lokwera. Maso ndi akulu, ana ndi ozungulira.

Mosiyana ndi abale ake, njoka ndi okopera, njoka yamakani. Amalimbana mosavuta, kuyesa kuluma ngakhale munthu amene ali pachiwopsezo. Chifukwa chake, musadziyanjane ndi njoka yanjala yachikasu. Kuluma kwake kulibe poizoni, komabe.

Njoka yakuda

Kudera la Rostov, njoka yoopsa kwambiri komanso ya poizoni. Imatha kukula mpaka 85 cm komanso imakhala ndi thupi lalikulu.

Kuchokera pa steppe ndi wamba, imasiyananso ndi masikelo ena, amtundu wakuda ndi ziphuphu za diso (pali eyelid wakuda wakuda kuzungulira mwana wake).

Njoka yakuda imakonda kukhala pafupi ndi dziwe kapena mitsinje. Amakhala kumadzulo kokha, kumpoto komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dera la Rostov. Awa ndi anthu amtunda wokha.

Njoka zakuda zimadya achule, mbalame, ndi njoka zina zazing'ono. Monga stepep, chakuda chimachedwa pang'ono ndipo chimayenda pang'onopang'ono.Koma m'madzi amasambira mwachangu kwambiri. Ndizilombo zowopsezedwa, ndichifukwa chake zalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia.

Ma poizoni ake ndi oopsa. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa poizoni wake, amatha kufananizidwa ndi poizoni. Kuluma kwake nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa imfa.

Osawopa kuyang'ana m'maso mwawo: wasayansi wazamoyo - za momwe njoka za mdera la Rostov zilili

Tikukuuzani choti muchite mukakumana pamtokota

Palibe njoka zapoizoni zambiri m'dera la Rostov

Aliyense akuopa njoka. Zilibe kanthu kuti mukuganiza kuti ndinu olimba mtima bwanji - mukaona njoka yanyengo, nthawi zambiri, muchokapo. Kodi mungatani mukakumana ndi njoka? Momwe mungamvetsetse ngati ndizowopsa? 161.RU idapezeka kuchokera kwa Nikita Panasyuk, wofufuza wamkulu ku UNC RAS, ndi njoka zingati za sumu ku Dera la Rostov komanso momwe mungakhalire nawo.

Sianthu onse omwe angadziwe nthawi yomweyo ngati njoka yomwe akumana nayo ndi njoka kapena chowonjezera. Chifukwa chake chachikulu cha hertipophobia, chomwe chimasandulika chiwawa chotsegukira njoka. Ndipo zili choncho, bwanji osankha zodzikongoletsa ngati mungangopenya cholengedwa?

Posachedwa, njoka yamamita awiri yapezeka pabwalo lamasewera m'boma la Proletarsky. Opulumutsa adamugwira. Popeza anali akatswiri pantchito yawo, sanataye mtima ndipo sanamuphe.

Njoka yamamita awiri kuchokera ku chigawo cha Proletarsky

Chithunzi: Directorate of Civil Defense ndi Zadzidzidzi za Rostov-on-Don

"Njoka yayikuluyi siwowonjezera." Vipers m'chigawo cha Rostov ndi madera onse oyandikana nawo samapitirira 50-60 cm kukula kwake. Maonekedwe a mchira wake ndiwofanana ndi chakudya chamadzulo (monga njoka ndi njoka). Mchira womwe uli pachithunzicho pang'onopang'ono umafika pachimake, ndipo "sunadulidwe", ngati nyoka. Njoka zikuluzikulu, zokulirapo mamita awiri, ndi njoka. Amapezeka kawirikawiri kuposa njoka, chifukwa chake amatha kuwoneka ngati osowa kwambiri, ngakhale ali oyandikana nawo oyambilira, - adapereka ndemanga pamlanduwu Nikita Panasyuk.

Zimakhala zovuta kuwona njoka mu udzu

Dera la Rostov kale silili ndi njoka kale kuti liwononge zachilendo m'dera lathu. "Ndipo tili ndi chiyani?" - mumafunsa.

- Tili ndi mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yokha, isanu ndi iwiri yake ndi yakudya, ndipo yomaliza ndiyo njoka yolimba. Njoka zapoizoni RO zikuyimira mitundu iwiri ya njoka ndi mitundu itatu ya njoka: ndi njoka zachikasu, njoka ndi njoka zam'mbali zinayi. Kusiyana pakati pawo kukuwonekera bwino pakupanga utoto, "akutero katswiri wa sayansiyo.

Njoka zimapezeka nthawi zambiri: zonse wamba (zokhala ndi mawanga ofiira pamutu) ndi madzi. Yotsirizirayi imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya thupi, yodziwika bwino komanso yopindika, yopanda mawanga pamutu.

— Kusapezeka kwa chizindikirocho kumadabwitsa anthu. Nthawi yomweyo amayamba kuganiza kuti patsogolo pawo pali chowonjezera, chomwe tsopano chikuwamenya. Ndipo izi ngakhale amachita chess yekha kwa thupi lonse, ndichifukwa chake njoka yamadzi imadziwika kuti "njoka ya chess," atero Panasyuk.

Chess muulemerero wake wonse

Don steppe viper sakonda dampness, amakonda masitepe ndi msipu. Ndipo sichosowa. Imapezeka makamaka kumpoto kwa dera komanso kumalire ndi Kalmykia. Monga lamulo, njoka sizikulira zoposa 60 cm, kumbuyo kwake imakhala ndi dongosolo la zigzag.

Mitundu ya njoka zopanda poyizoni ndi ma penti kapena ma cubes omwazika thupi lonse. Salumikizidwa. Izi zitha kuzindikirika mosavuta ndi munthu wophunzitsidwa bwino. Koma mukayamba kuchita mantha, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti mudziwe momwe zinthu zilili. Kumbukirani kuti chiwopsezo cha njoka za mdera la Rostov ndichotsika. A Muscovites omwewo, akapita zipatso ndi bowa, amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kuposa anthu a Donetsk.

- Tengani madzi njoka. Amatha kukumana m'munda (ngati ukukwawa kuchokera kumadzi), mphepete mwa mtsinje kapena nyanja. Ikangowonekera pagawo lokhala ndi anthu ambiri, mantha amayamba. Asodzi amatenga njoka zam'madzi ziwiri zomwe zimatha kudumphira m'madzi. Ngakhale kuti njoka zam'madzi ndi asodzi omwewo, amagwira nsomba ndikudya pagombe. Kwa anthu, siowopsa konse, ”atero Nikita Panasyuk.

Ali pagombe la Taganrog

Pakakumana ndi njoka, njira yopambana kwambiri ingakhale kuyisunga kuchokera patali koma yabwino. Njoka imatiopa kwambiri kuposa momwe ife timamuchitira, ngakhale zitamveka zoseketsa bwanji.

- Ngati ndi kotheka, ndiye kuti mutha kuyang'ana m'maso mwamantha anu. Nyoka zathu zonse ndi nkhono zili ndi maso athunthu ngati chule. Njoka yokhayo imasiyanitsidwa ndi mwana wadula woduka, ngati mphaka. Onani mchira wa njoka ukukuthawani. Mchirawo ukamira bwino, ndiye kuti njoka yopanda poizoni idzathawa kwa inu. Monga tanena kale, mchira wa njoka unawoneka kuti udulidwe. Kanthu kakang'ono kakukula kale kuchokera pachitsa. Kunena zowona, mchira wa njoka kapena njoka umapindika, monga phokoso. Ndipo ndi njoka, ali ngati pensulo yakuthwa. Njoka yomwe idawonedwayo siinanso yoopsa. Ngati simukufulumira nokha, simupeza ndipo simupeza, ”akutero katswiriyu.

Mumakanema, tidawona njoka zikuthamangitsa anthu omwe akufuna kuluma kwambiri. Don njoka sizichita chilichonse chamtunduwu. Pokulirapo, amateteza gawo lawo ndikuyesera kukuwopsyezani.

Chithunzi: Polina Avdoshina

Momwe njoka zimachita izi: zimadumphira m'mwamba ndikupanga chenjezo la masentimita 30 powonetsa mano. Chifukwa chake, ngati simuyandikira kwa iye kuposa mita, mudzakhala otetezeka. Kupanda kutero, muyenera kubwereranso ndikutuluka m'dera langozi.

Nthawi zambiri, njoka zimaluma anthu mwangozi. Mwamuna alowa njoka ndi phazi lopanda kanthu, ndipo amuluma pamwamba pa phewa. Nthawi zina imatha kukhala burashi kapena phazi.

- Kulumidwa ndi njoka yathu yautsi ndi kowopsa kwa omwe ali ndi mavuto omwe amakhalanso ndi ziwengo. Kwa munthu wathanzi, ndizosasangalatsa, koma thandizo losavuta lazachipatala lidzachotsa mwachangu chizindikiro cha poizoni. Kuluma kowopsa pachifuwa, khosi, nkhope. Koma mwayi wopezeka nawo ndiwosatheka, ”atero Panasyuk.

Zoopsa Vipers

Ku Don kuli zikhalidwe zambiri zabodza zokhudzana ndi njoka yamkaka yachikasu. Malinga ndi nthano zachikhalidwe, amatha kuguduza gudumu kuchokera kuphiri ndikuphwanya mafupa ahatchi ndi mchira wake.

-Bolodi wamtondo ukhoza kukula mpaka mamita awiri, koma kulemera kwa kilogalamu atatu mpaka anayi. Kodi chinyama, chopepuka kwambiri ngati mphaka, chingadyole mafupa a kavalo? Mwa njoka zathu, ambiri amamuwona ngati njoka yoyipa kwambiri. Ikhoza kugwera pamunthu yemwe amakhala ndi malingaliro owopsa, kudziteteza mwamphamvu akafuna kuyigwira. Koma kuluma kwake si kowopsa kuposa kuluma mphaka wakwiya, kungoti bala limangofunika kuchiritsidwa. Ndikuganiza kuti nthano izi zikufanana ndi m'mene ng'ombe zimaperekera ng'ombe, "akufotokoza Panasyuk.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti njoka ndi njoka zikuphatikizidwa mu Buku Lofiyira, chifukwa kupha m'modzi waiwo mudzakumana ndi chilango chowayang'anira.