Kuphonyera kachilomboka - dzina lodziphatikiza la tizilombo tamatumba tomwe timayendera ka kachilomboka. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu 4,000, 300 imakhala ku Russia. Mbuluzi zimatha kuuluka ndi kusambira mwangwiro. Amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi. Mumakonda madamu ndi nyanja ndi madzi osayenda. Anthu osambira akuluakulu ndi ana awo amadyera mwachangu. Amagwira nsomba ndi mwachangu, ma tadpoles, mphutsi za udzudzu, ma mollusks. M'malo aulimi wa nsomba, maonekedwe a chikumbu chosambira amakhala tsoka lalikulu.

Kufotokozera kwamakhalidwe

Swimmers (Dytiscidae) - banja la sing'anga kapena sing'anga wamkulu yemwe amakhala m'madzi amadzi. Zimapezeka ku Europe ndi Asia konse, ku North America ngakhale kudera la Arctic. Tizilombo timasankha matupi amadzi abwino okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu ndi madzi osasunthika. Itha kukhala maiwe, nyanja, madambo komanso mapanga akuya. Kukula kwa kachilomboka kosambira, kutengera mtundu, ndi masentimita 2,5,5.

Tizilombo touluka konse titha kukwawa, kusambira ndi kuuluka. Osati oimira ambiri a mapiko a mapiko omwe amapatsidwa maluso otere. Pamtunda, osambira amayenda pang'onopang'ono, akusunthasuntha mbali ndi mbali. Miyendo yakumbuyo imasunthidwa, ndipo kutsogolo ndi kwapakati kumakonzedwa.

Kufotokozera kwa kachilomboka

Tizilombo tosanjikana tating'ono, tating'ono, tomwe timasinthika timasinthika kuti tisunthidwe. Miyendo yakumbuyo imagwira ngati makina operekera kuyenda. Miyendo imakhala ndi minofu yolimba. Tibia yokhazikika komanso tarsus imakutidwa ndi mizere iwiri ya tsitsi la elastic. Njira yosunthira kachilomboka kosambira m'madzi amafanana ndi kuyenda ndi nkhumba. Miyendo yam'mbuyo imayenda nthawi yomweyo. Zingwe zamphamvu pamalo awo zimalocha masamba. Miyendo yapakati imasintha mayendedwe ake - mmwamba kapena pansi. Kutsogolo sikunaphatikizidwe. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yapakati ndiyifupi kwambiri kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo.

Thupi limakhala ndi madipatimenti atatu: mutu, chifuwa, pamimba. Mutu umakhazikika pachifuwa, womwe, wopanda malire wakuthwa, umadutsa pamimba. Colours imakhala yamdima - yobiriwira, yofiirira, yakuda. M'mitundu ina, kuwongola (imvi kapena lalanje) kumadutsa thunthu ndi mutu. Mimba imakhala ndi zigawo 8 zokutidwa ndi elytra wokhazikika.

Mutu wa tiziromboti ndiotakata komanso mosalala. Maso akulu amakhala kumbali. Iliyonse imakhala ndi maso osavuta 9,000, ndikupangitsa kuti izitha kusiyanitsa pakati pa zinthu zoyenda ndi zinthu. Kuseri kwa gawo la milomo yapamwamba pali chibwano champhamvu chopangidwa kuti chigwire ndi kutafuna nyama. Zida zam'kamwa zikukuta. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi fungo. Amapezeka kumbali za mphumi, ali ndi magawo 11 amaliseche.

Momwe kachikumbu kosambira kamapumira

Osambira amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi, koma amapuma mpweya. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tifunika kuyambiranso kupopera mpweya wabwino. Kodi kupumula kwa chikumbu kusambira ndi chiyani? Kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya kulowa mthupi kumathandizidwa ndi kutseguka kwapadera - zokondweretsa zomwe zimakhala pamimba. Kuchokera pamizere kupita mbali zonse za thupi, machitidwe ogwedera - trachea - diverges. Pali ma sac a mpweya pachifuwa cha tizilombo. Mimba imapanikizika modabwitsa komanso kukulitsa, ndikupangitsa mpweya kuyenda m'matumbo.

Pa thupi la kachilomboka pali tiziwalo timene timapaka mafuta m'matumbo a elytra ndi pamimba. Pofuna kusinthitsa mpweya, wosambira akuwonetsa kumapeto kwamimba. Contraction ya limba limakupatsani kuti uzipopa mpweya pansi pa elytra. Mphutsi zimapumulanso, thunthu lawo limamalizidwa ndi zowonjezera za film, pochita ntchito ya zodabwitsazi. Kuti muchepetse gawo la mlengalenga, kachilombo kamauluka patadutsa mphindi 10 zilizonse.

Moyo

Msodziyo amayandama mosavuta pamalo osungira, chifukwa thupi lake ndi lopepuka kuposa madzi. Kuchokeraku kumafunikira kulimbikira. Kuti akhale pansi pa dziwe, ayenera kumamatira ku mwala kapena chomera. Zina zoyambirira za kachilomboka zimakhala ndi zibowo zapadera zomwe zimaloleza kuti zigwirizane ndi chilichonse chosalala. Tizilombo timagwira usiku, timasaka kapena kupita kukafunafuna nyumba yatsopano. Okonda a Fauna ali ndi chidwi kuti kachikumbu kosambira kauluka kapena ayi? Amuna ndi akazi okalamba ali ndi mapiko opangidwa bwino. Pofufuza malo abwino, iwo amauluka makilomita makumi ambiri.

Asananyamuke, kukonzekera kumachitika. Tizilomboti timafika kumtunda ndipo timapatsa mphamvu zam'matumbo. Kenako amadzaza matumba am'mwamba pachifuwa chake. Monga momwe mungathere kuchepetsa kulemera kwa thupi, osambira amachoka. Akafufuza mayiwe, amayang'ana kwambiri masomphenya. Poona kuwala, kachilomboka kamagwera pansi. Njira zambiri nthawi zambiri zimalephera kukhala ndi nsikidzi, m'malo mwa chosungira, zimagwera pamiyala yamagalasi kapena padenga lokwala. Apaulendo ambiri amafa chifukwa chowomba mpaka povuta.

M'nyengo yozizira, tizilombo tambiri timabisala m'miyala kapena m'nthaka. Kodi kusambira kachikena kumakhala kuti nthawi yozizira? Pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo, pali omwe amakhala nthawi yachisanu pogaya dzira, mphutsi kapena munthu wamkulu. Kwa tizilombo wokhala ku Europe, kumizidwa mu kupukusira kwa kafadala wamkulu ndi khalidwe. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku pupa mu nthawi yophukira, kafadala kakang'ono kamakhalabe nthawi yachisanu mu zinyalala kapena pansi pa khungwa. Gawo la akusambira amabwerera kuchosungira. Ndi mpweya wokwanira, amasambira mwachangu. Kuzizira kozizira pamtunda kumapangitsa kuti kachilomboka kukumbira mkati mwa tulo ndikugona tulo.

Tizilombo ta kusambira timakhala pati? Zaka zokhala ndi moyo zakale za anthu akuluakulu zimachokera ku miyezi ingapo mpaka zaka ziwiri mpaka zinayi. Ambiri nsikidzi amakhala pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Nthawi yochepa kwambiri yoimira oyimira mitundu ya Agabusfuscipennis, yomwe imakonda ku Europe ndi Middle East.

Mawonekedwe Amphamvu

Kodi chikumbu chosambira chimadya chiyani? Nyamayi imadya zakudya zilizonse zomanga thupi, sizipeputsa kudya nsomba zakufa. Lakuthwa komanso lakuthwa kwambiri limakupatsani mwayi wogwira nyama zazikulu. Tizilombo ta njoka timapha nsomba kapena achule katatu kuposa kukula kwake. Kodi amathana bwanji ndi zofunkha zazikulu?

Asodzi otsala omwe amakhala m'madziwe amamuthandiza. Ikakuluma koyamba, magazi a wozunzidwayo amalowa m'madzi. Chifukwa cha kununkhira kwa fungo, nyama zodya nyama zimapeza mtunda wautali. Kuzungulira nsomba, kumakumana ndi agulu angapo, omwe amang'amba zidutswa za nyama. Nthawi zambiri, tizilombo timakhutira ndi ma invertebrates ndi ma mollusks.

Kuswana

Kuwona kwa kugonana kwa osambira kumawonetsedwa mosiyana kukula (zazikazi ndizokulirapo) komanso kapangidwe ka malekezero apakati ndi apakati. Amuna, magawo atatu oyamba a miyendo amakula. Amakhala ndi ma mbale okumba - kuyambira khumi ndi awiri mpaka mazana a zidutswa. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwirizira anzawo Nyengo yakubala ya kachilomboka imagwera mchaka. Njirayi imachitika m'madzi. Kwa akazi, itha kutenga moyo. Pakukhwima, amalephera kuyandama pamwamba ndikudzaza elytra ndi mpweya.

Pambuyo umuna, zazimayi zimayamba kumanga. Tizilombo ta madzi osambira tili ndi mazira akuluakulu, ofikira kutalika kwa 5-7 mm. Kulakwitsa kumachitika pansi lapansi, tinthu timene timabzala. Chiwerengero cha mazira omwe amayikidwa pamsika ndi chikwi. Tchire lakuthwa mu thunthu ndi masamba timapanga momwe timayikira dzira loyambira. Pambuyo masiku 10-12, mphutsi zimawonekera. Nthawi yozizira, nthawi yoyambira mluza imachedwetsedwa mpaka mwezi.

Zambiri. Kuyika kwa osambira kumawopseza okwera akukhala m'madzi. Awa ndi prestvichi, tizilombo 1 mm kukula kwake. Ana awo parates pa mazira a kafadala ndi chinjoka. Mu dzira limodzi, okwera oposa 100 amatha kukulira.

Kukula kopitilira muyeso

Mtundu wa mphutsi za chikumbu chosambira ndi chikasu, imvi, komanso bulauni. Nthawi zambiri thupi limaphimbidwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi mawanga. Kunja, ana amawoneka ngati zinkhanira, osati osambira. Kuyambira kubadwa, mphutsizi ndizizilombo zolusa. Chakudya choyamba ndi caviar, mphutsi za ntchentche za caddis, chinjoka, udzudzu. Mutu wagundika, chifuwa chimakhala ndimagawo atatu, m'mimba mwa magawo asanu ndi atatu. M'mphepete mwa mutu muli maso 6 osavuta. Ma Antennas ndi oonda, azigawo zitatu zokhala magawo atatu, atatha kulumikizana awiri - magawo 6.

Zolemba pakamwa ndizosiyanasiyana. Palibe mlomo wapamwamba, ndipo wotsikirapo umapangidwa ndi mbale yayikulu yokhala ndi maula m'mphepete. Ma mandibles olimba amapindika ngati chikwakwa, m'mphepete amaloza. Zimangoyenda mu ndege yopingasa. Mandibles amalumikizidwa ndi pharynx ndi njira. Mphutsi zilibe kotsegula pakamwa. Chakudya chimalowa kudzera pachibwano.

Njira yogaya chakudya ya tizilombo sininso yachilendo. Kuchotsera sikuphatikizidwa m'mimba, koma kunja. Mphutsi imamiza ma mandibles ake mthupi la wovulalayo ndikuvulaza madzi am'mimba. Pakupita mphindi zochepa, minyewa ndi ziwalo zimayamba kukhazikika. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilombo zimamwa kwambiri pakhosi. Mutamaliza kudya, kachiromboka kamatsuka ma mandibles ndi matako a kutsogolo. Mphutsi za chikumbu chosambira, nyama yolusa yotopetsa komanso yolimba, mutamaliza kucheza ndi munthu m'modzi, imafunafuna ina.

Thupi lokwera kutalika lakumapeto kwake, kovekedwa ndi matchalitchi awiri. Muli mitundu yosiyanasiyana: ma spines, bristles, mamba. Mbali zitatu zazingwe zazitali zimalumikizidwa ndi zigawo za thoracic. Miyendo imakhala ndi magawo asanu. Mchiuno ndi miyendo yotsika akusambira tsitsi, phazi limathera m'mbali ziwiri.

Pakukula kwake, mphutsi zimalowa m'malo mwa zaka zitatu. Kutalika kwambiri ndiye m'badwo wachitatu womaliza. M'dzinja loyambirira, mphutsi zimachoka padziwe. M'mphepete mwa nyanjayi, amamanga kakhwawa kuchokera kumitengo yazomera ndi zinyalala za dothi. Ziphuphu zimachitika mchikhodzodzo. Gawo limatenga pafupifupi mwezi. Pupa ndi loyera, lofewa, lotseguka. Zithunzi pambuyo pakuwonekera kuchokera pachimake ndi zofewa komanso zopepuka. Pambuyo maola ochepa, chivundikiro chawo chimadetsedwa ndikuuma.

Fringed wosambira

Mtundu wamba wa kachilomboka kachikumbu komwe malo ake ndi matupi amadzi okhala ndi madzi oyenda kapena otsika. Thupi lozungulirapo limakhala lakuda kapena lofiirira. Miyendo ndi lalanje, monga momwe kumakhalira kupendekera kudutsa mu elytra. Kukula kwa akuluakulu ndi 27-35 mm, ku Far East pali subspecies yokulirapo (32-37 mm). Yaimuna ndi yocheperako kuposa yaikazi ndipo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala a elytra. Zinyama zomwe zimadyera nyama mwachisawawa zimayambitsa mphutsi, mwachangu, ma tadpoles, pakadalibe nyama zazing'ono - achule ndi nsomba. Amakhala ku Europe, Central Asia ndi Siberia.

Wosambira kwambiri

Kutalika kwa chikumbu chachikulire ndi 35-45 mm. Tizilomboti tachikulu kwambiri timakhala tofiirira kapena takuda ndi tint yobiriwira. Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa kuti m'mphepete mwa chikwangwani ndi elytra la kachilomboka pali malire achikasu. Mphutsi zimakhala ndi thupi lalitali la fusiform; ndizokulirapo kuposa akulu kukula, kukula mpaka 60-60 mm. Tizilombo timakhala m'madzi okhala ndi madzi oyera. Mukukonda kutsalira pagombe. Mumaona matupi amadzi ambiri okhala ndi sedge, mahatchi, saber, gologolo. Kusambira kwakukulu ndi mitundu yosowa. Anasowa m'maiko aku Europe. Kachilomboka kali m'ndandanda wa IUCN Red List.

Zambiri. Osambira ali ndi adani ochepa m'madzi; Tizilombo timakhala ndi njira yotchingira - mdani akaukira, amatulutsa madzi oyera a caustic.

Malo osafunikira

Atakhazikika mu dziwe lokongoletsera, kambuku amadyera nsomba zokongoletsera komanso anthu ena. Eni ake matupi amadzi akukumana ndi vuto, momwe mungachotsere kachilomboka posambira? Njira yochepetsera nthawi ndi kupeza mitembo yomwe imawononga mphutsi zosambira. Njira ina ndikukhazikitsa pampope kapena kasupe komwe kamapangitsa kayendedwe ka madzi. Tizilomboti timakonda matupi oyimilira, kotero kuti imachoka m'malo ogona ndikupita kukafunafuna malo abwino.

Ngati njira zomwe zili pamwambazi sizigwira ntchito, ndiye kuti mukutsanulira madzi, kuyeretsa ndikuthira mankhwala pansi. Izi ziwononga mphutsi za imago ndi kachilomboka. Pambuyo pa chithandizo, madzi amathiridwa ndikuyamba kukhazikika.

Zowopsa kwa anthu

Mutha kuyang'anizana ndi nyama yolusa yosambira munyanjayo kapena dziwe lanu. Kukwiya kwa anthu ndikosowa kwambiri. Kuluma kumakhala kowawa, koma sikuwononga thanzi. Tizilomboti timasambira m'madzi ngati tikuwopsezedwa. Ululu womwe umachokera pakhungu pakadutsa mphindi zingapo. Pakapita kanthawi, chilonda chimatupa, chotupa chimatha kupanga. Beetles alibe poizoni, ndiye kuti palibe zotsatira zoyipa.

Wovutitsidwa ayenera kulandira thandizo loyamba:

• nadzaza bala
• Chitani ndi antiseptic (ayodini, hydrogen peroxide),
• ikani bandeji
• yikani ayezi kuti muchepetse kutupa.

Chidwi. Nthawi zambiri kulumidwa ndi kachilomboka kosambira kumalandiridwa ndi iwo omwe amazinyamula popanda kufunikira.

Mafani amoyo wam'madzi amatha kukhala ndi kachikumbu kosambira mu aquarium. Monga chakudya, amampatsa nyama komanso nsomba. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi chivindikiro, apo ayi cholowacho chimakhala chikuuluka. Mchenga umathiridwa pansi ndipo miyala yayikulu imayalidwa. Zomera zilizonse zimasankhidwa; osambira samazidya. Chachikulu ndikuti simungathe kukhazikitsa nsikidzi mumadzi omwewo ndi nsomba.