Amayi okongola awa ndi a banja la Igrunkov, pokhala nthumwi yayikulu ya banja. Mikango yamkango amakhala ku halo ochepa ku South America, koma mkhalidwe wawo ndiwangozi chifukwa cha kudula mitengo. Amakhala m'magulu aanthu awiri mpaka asanu ndi atatu, amadya mphutsi, timadzi tokoma, zipatso ndi utomoni. Ngati abambo awiri otchuka awonekera m'gulululi, utsogoleri umasankhidwa pamakani amakangana. M'malo mwake, amakhala amiseche, ndipo pakabadwa ana awiri kapena kupitilira apo, mabanja ena amathandiza mayi.
Amalumikizana kudzera pamawu osiyanasiyana osungidwira aliyense payekha: kufotokoza kufunika kwa chidwi, kuchita zankhanza, pamasewera, kutumiza mauthenga patali. Komanso, monga kulumikizana, tamarins amatulutsa fungo losiyanasiyana: kujambula malire am magawo, kuwonetsa kupambana, pamasewera akukhwima, etc.
Nkhope zawo ndizopanda tsitsi, koma munthu wowoneka bwino yemwe ndi dzina lachiukali adatengera dzina la mkango mu gulu la anthu.
Zifukwa zakutha kwa ma tamarins a mkango
Chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zakuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha mikango ya mkango ndikuwonongeka kwa malo okhala. Nyaniwa amakhala pafupi ndi Rio de Janeiro, m'nkhalango zamvula zomwe anthu amadula mwachangu ndipo amakonza malo olimapo m'malo mwake.
Ma tamarins a mkango m'chilengedwe akukhala ocheperako.
Mikango yamkango imakonda kufa m'nthawi yamoto, chifukwa imakhala pamwamba pa mitengo, ndipo pamoto, gawo ili la nkhalangoyi limayaka koyamba.
Komanso chiwerengero chikuchepa chifukwa cha malonda osagwirizana ndi anyaniwa. Kuyambira 1960, lamuloli linaletsa kutumiza mikango yamkango. Koma obwera osaloledwa masiku ano amawagulitsabe, popeza kuli kufunikira kwakukulu kwa anyaniwa, anthu ambiri amafuna kuti awatenge ngati ziweto.
Banja la marimu agolide.
Kodi ma tamarins a mkango angathandizidwe bwanji
Ngati mukufuna kuthandiza nyani, mutha kukhala membala wa bungwe loteteza zachilengedwe. Lero kuli maofesi apadera a International League for the Protection of Primates, omwe akuchita nawo chitetezo cha mitundu yonse ya anyani. Mamembala a bungweli chaka chilichonse amalandila magazini atatu omwe azidziwitsa za moyo ndi chitetezo cha anyani padziko lonse lapansi.
Ma tamarins a mkango amazimiririka chifukwa cha malo okhala.
Pofuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu kukhala ovutikira, ndikofunikira kupulumutsa nkhalangoyi. Sizingatheke kuti munthu m'modzi apulumutse nkhalango yapadziko lonse, koma aliyense atha kupereka zochepa. Mwachitsanzo, musagule zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa aku South America. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito pepala lomwe linakonzedwanso.
Mtunduwu umawopsezedwa ndikutha konse.
Makamaka chidwi chake chikuyenera kulipidwa pakulimbana ndi kugwirira nyama. Aliyense amakonda zinyama, koma si nyama zonse zomwe zimasungidwa kunyumba. Monga ziweto, ndikofunikira kupeza amphaka ndi agalu. Ndipo ngati mungadziwe zaogulitsa nyama zakunja ndi nyani, muyenera kulumikizana ndi gulu kuti mutetezere nyama.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Moyo ndi Biology
Lion tamarin amakhala ku South America, pafupi ndi Rio San Juan, pafupi ndi mizinda ya Rio das Ostras, Rio Bonita ndi Casimiro de Abreu. Tamarins amagwira ntchito kuyambira m'mawa mpaka madzulo. Amadzipangira okha malo ogona, ndipo tsiku lililonse amasintha malowa. M'mawa kwambiri, amadya chakudya cham'mawa ndi zipatso za mitengo yazipatso zomwe amapeza, ndikusinthira ku chakudya chodzaza ndi mapuloteni kuchokera ku tizilombo. Pambuyo pake, amasankha mwanzeru tsogolo lawo. Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti amakonda kugona m'magulu okhala m'malo obisika: m'mabowo a mitengo yakale yopanda matope, miyala yamiyala kapena m'miyala yamipanda yowuma.
Zakudya zawo ndi zolemera kwambiri. Amadya zipatso zambiri zakupsa, tizilombo tina tosiyanasiyana, samanyansidwa ndi abuluzi, mazira a mbalame komanso samakonda kudya phokoso pamitengo ina.
Sangokhala ngati mkango wakunja, komanso mawonekedwe ofanana. Amakhala m'magulu ofanana ndi mikango yamkango. Pali azimayi amodzi okha kapena amuna okhwima pang'ono, ndipo pafupifupi anthu 5-8. Kusiyana kwake ndikuti amuna akhoza kupezeka mgululi, koma m'modzi yekha ndiamene angakhale wamkulu ndipo ali ndi ufulu wokwatirana. Monga mikango, timiramine ndi nyama zachilengedwe. Amayang'anira magulu oyandikana nawo ndipo sagawana gawo lawo ndi aliyense.
Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba mu Epulo, ndipo mbewuyo imawonekera pakati pa Seputembara ndi Okutobala. Nthawi zambiri makanda awiri amawonekera. Abambo awo akugwira ntchito yowasamalira. Miyezi iwiri yoyambirira ya moyo wake, amawanyamula kumbuyo kwake, pomwe amamugwira chikhotho chake ndi zala zake. Amazipereka kwa amayi ake kokha kuti zizikhala nthawi yodyetsa, kenako ndikuwatenga.
Ana amphongo a mikango a golide amadzala okhwima pazaka 2.
Mawonekedwe
Golden mkango tamarin ndi nyani yaying'ono, ukufika magalamu 900 kulemera, ndiye woimirira wamkulu wa marmosets (kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 20-25 cm). Dzinali lalandiridwa chifukwa chofanana ndi mkango. Pafupi ndi mutu wake ali ndi china chake ngati ubweya, wowoneka bwino wagolide (wofanana kwambiri ndi chitsulo ichi) ubweya, wowonekera bwino pamutu. Mtundu wofiirira wofiirira woterowo pamalaya umatheka chifukwa cha chakudya chamafuta ambiri. Izi zimafanana ndi mbalame ya flamingo, yomwe imadziwika ndi mtundu wa pinki wa nthenga chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ma crustaceans.
Tamarin imakhala ndi maso akulu abulauni, mphuno zooneka ngati mabowo pamwamba pakamwa, komanso pakamwa lomwe limafalikira pankhope yonse. Mawonekedwe ake amasiyanasiyana mtundu wamtundu wina kukhala woderapo. Nkhope imakhala ngati yopanda tsitsi. Pali tsitsi laling'ono chabe pamphumi ndi chibwano. Pang'onopang'ono ngati nkhope ya mphaka. Palibenso ubweya pamafuta osanjikiza asanu komanso kumapazi.
Ili ndi mchira wautali (pafupifupi 32- 37cm), wokhala ndi tsitsi losalala, lomwe limafupika kwambiri kuposa tsitsi kumutu. Chimafanana ndi chingwe chopanga.
Mpira Wona wa Mkango weniweni, kapena Rosalia
Mkango weniweni wamkati, kapena rosalia - Leontideus rosalia kapena Leontopithecus rosalia kapena Leontopithecus rosalia rosalia - nyani wamkulu wam'banja la a Marmoset. Nyani uyu amatchedwa kudzikuza kwa dziko la Brazil. Kulemera 410-650 g, amuna ndi okulirapo kuposa akazi. Kutalika kwa thupi 30-30 cm, mchira pafupifupi kutalika kofanana. Chovalacho ndi chagolide-chagolide, chofiyira: khungu la nkhope, manja ndi miyendo ndi lakuda kapena lofiira. Mchira wake ndi mphumi zake ndi lalanje, zofiirira, kapena zakuda. Pamutu, masaya ndi mmero, chovala cha tsitsi lalitali chophimba makutu. Manja ndi miyendo ndi yopapatiza, zithupsa ndizifupi.
Rosalies nthawi zambiri amabereka ana awiri. Amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha za kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Brazil pamtunda wamtali pafupifupi 1000 mamita, amapita ku nkhalango zachiwiri ndi malo olima. Amakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, wopezeka pamitengo pamtunda wamamita 3-10 kuchokera pansi. Amadyetsa zipatso, tizilombo, mazira, mbalame zazing'ono ndi abuluzi, zazing'ono ndi achule. Amagona m'makola okhala ndi mainchesi 10cm ndikuya masentimita 70.
Ma tamarin ambiri amtunduwu amakhala m'magulu a mabanja a anthu 606, omwe gawo lina amapatsidwa. Ana anyani, atatha kutha msinkhu ali ndi zaka 2-3, amasiya banja kuti apange gulu lawo. Akazi achichepere ndiye woyamba kuchoka. Akazi osakwatiwa amachotsedwa m'gawo la mabanja, kuwalola kulowa m'busa nthawi zosowa. Ma tamarins oyendayenda amakhala m'gululo loyamba, lomwe limawalandira, kapena kulowa m'malo omasuka, apo ayi amwalira. Pafupifupi 24% yokha ya azimayi oyendayenda omwe amalowa m'gulu latsopanoli.
M'magulu 40%, amuna awiri akuluakulu omwe sakugwirizana ndi akazi amakhala limodzi, koma pankhaniyi, wopanga ng'ombe ndi m'modzi yekha. Mwa amuna achi tamarin okhala mdera lomweli 71% ya amuna achikulire amatenga nawo mbali pa kubereka. Akazi ocheperako amaloledwa kuswana pokhapokha atakhala kuti akuchitira nkhanza akazi. Kuchuluka kwa ana oyamba kubadwa ndi theka la ana obadwa kwa akazi. Gulu la mabanja pamodzi limasamalira kunyamula ndi kudyetsa ana. Mimba ndi masiku 125-132. Zipatso zimabadwa mu nyengo kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Marichi. Yaikazi imakhala ndi ana amodzi kapena awiri. Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi zaka 15.
Chiwerengero cha ma ros ndi chochepa. Tamarines ya mikango ya golide imakhala yotetezedwa - osati yowala kwambiri mu mitundu yonse ya anyani, awa ndi anyani akuluakulu kwambiri ochokera ku marmosets. Mchirawo ndi wamtali wofanana ndi mutu ndi torso. Tsopano kuthengo kunatsala 300 okha omwe atsalira. Amakhala m'malo amodzi padziko lapansi - m'nkhalango yamapiri a Southeast Brazil. Amakhala nthawi yawo yonse panthambi zazitali pamakona a mitengo. Amadyetsa zipatso, tizilombo, ndi abuluzi ang'onoang'ono.
Mu 1973, nyama 70 zokha zamtunduwu ndizotsalira, pofika pakati pa 1980s panali mitundu pafupifupi 600. Pali anthu ambiri omwe asungidwa m'malo osungira nyama - anthu 500. Chiyambire 1984, pulogalamu yakhala ikuchitika kuti ibwezere mitengo yamakamira omwe adawetchera ukapolo kuthengo. Pakati pa 1984 ndi 1991, anyani ambiri obadwa mwachilengedwe kuchokera kwa makolo olera omwe ali ndi ukapolo adawonetsa kuti ma tamarins amatha kubwezeretsedwa kuthengo. Pofika 1981, tamarins amakhala ku nkhalango za Rio Sao Joan Basin m'chigawo cha Rio de Janeiro, komwe nyani amakhala m'dera losakwana 900 sq. Km. Nyani zamtunduwu zimamwazikana pamitundu 17 yosiyasiyana. 90% ya nkhalango zotentha za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic zidadulidwa chifukwa chakutukuka kwachuma, chifukwa chomwe mitengo yamtengo wapatali ya golide idataya malo awo. Alinso m'gulu la zinyama zosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Mitundu: Leontopithecus rosalia = Marmet yagolide, Golide Mkango Tamarin, Rosalia
Golden marmoset ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yowala kwambiri ya anyani amakono. Matupi awo amakhala okutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali komanso lofewa losenda kuchokera ku golide wotumbululuka kupita kumithunzi yamagolide ofiira.
Golden marmoset ndiye otchuka kwambiri mwa oimira zamtunduwu. Chimakhala m'malo otsika, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango zotentha kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Brazil ndi kotentha kwambiri, komwe kumakhala nkhalango zowirira ndi mitengo yolumikizidwa bwino ndi mipesa yambiri ndipo nthawi zonse pamakhala zipatso zambiri. Ma marmose agolide amakhala ndi korona wotseka, womata nthawi zonse kutalika kwa 10-30 metres kuchokera pansi. Pano, mbalame za m'madzi agolide zimagona m'maenje a mitengo yakale, momwe zimatetezedwa bwino ndi adani ndipo pano ndizotentha komanso usiku.
Ma marmosets agolide ali ndi kutalika kwa 200 mpaka 366 mm ndi kutalika kwa mchira kutalika kwa 315 mpaka 400 mm. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa anthu akuluakulu ndi 654,5 g. Palibe kusiyana kwa kugonana; palibe kusiyana kwakunja pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Amakhala ndi mitu yaying'ono, yozungulira yojambulidwa yokongoletsedwa ndimiyala yagolide pakorona. Amakhala ndi nkhope zosaphimba komanso zammphuno. Maluwa agolide ali ndi zikhadabo pa zala zawo, m'malo mwa misomali yokhazikika ngati ya anyani ena.
Ma marmosets agolide amabala kawiri pachaka kuyambira September mpaka March, nthawi yotentha komanso yotentha kwambiri pachaka. Ndiwosakhazikika, pagulu lililonse la marmosets, pali gulu limodzi lokha kubereka. Koma mamembala onse m'gululi amatenga nawo mbali pantchito yakukulitsa ndi kulera achinyamata, ngakhale zambiri zosamalira makolo zili pa zamphongo.
Zaka za kutha kwa ma marmosets agolide zimakhala pafupifupi miyezi 18 ya akazi ndi miyezi 24 kwa amuna. Amayi atatha masiku 130 - 135 masiku oyembekezera kubereka amapasa. Mwanayo amakutidwa ndi ubweya kwathunthu pakubadwa, maso ake amakhala otseguka. Monga marmose ena, ku Rosalia, bambo nthawi yomweyo amasamalira ana, amawanyambita ndikawapatsira thupi. Wamng'ono amakakamira ubweya wa abambo ndikuphimba mbali zake ndi michira yawo. Abambo amatenga ana mpaka milungu 6 mpaka 7 ndipo amawapatsira mayiwo kwa maola ochepa okha kuti adyetse. Wamkazi amadyetsa ana mkaka pafupifupi miyezi itatu. Pazaka pafupifupi miyezi inayi, ana ake amakhala opanda ufulu payekhapayekha, ngakhale abambo akupitiliza kusamalira anawo ngakhale kuwadulira chakudya. Tizilombo ta m'madzi tating'ono ta golide timakhala akuluakulu chaka chimodzi.
Adani a ma marmosets agolide ndi feline wamtchire, kambuku ndi kadzidzi, njoka zazikulu. Chiyembekezo chotalikirana kwambiri moyo wa ma marmosets agolide m'chilengedwe ndi zaka 15, pamene pafupifupi zaka 22 ali mu ukapolo ndi zaka 22.
Ma marmosets agolide ndi amtundu wamtundu wa anthu, amapezeka kuthengo m'magulu a anthu 2-8. Nthawi zambiri gululi limakhala ndi gulu loweta: wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, ndi ana awo amaloledwa kamodzi kapena awiri ndipo, mwina, abale ena. Komabe, poyambira gululi nthawi zambiri ndimabanja. Ma marmosets agolide ophatikizidwa ndi gulu limayang'anira ndi kuteteza madera awo, ndipo dera lake makamaka malembawo amalembedwa chizindikiro cha fungo ndikuwopseza mawu. Zizindikiro zina zankhanza zimawonetsedwa ndi pakamwa komanso kuyang'ana.
Amphongo akuluakulu agolide amatha nthawi yayitali kusamalira chivundikiro chawo. Ana nthawi yonse yonse amasewera kwambiri, kuthamangitsa wina ndi mnzake ndipo nthawi zambiri amamenya nkhondo. Ma marmoni agolide onse amagona osati usiku kuchokera pakulowera dzuwa mpaka kutuluka kwa kutuluka kwa dzuwa, komanso nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi loto la masana. Pamitengo imayenda pamiyendo inayi, pomwe imagwiritsa ntchito michira yayitali kwambiri ngati chopondera bwino.
Ma marmosets agolide ndiopatsa chidwi, koma osavulaza komanso ochititsa chidwi. Amadyanso akangaude, nkhono, abuluzi ang'onoang'ono, mazira, mbalame, masamba ndi zipatso. Amayang'ana tizilombo pogwiritsa ntchito zala zazitali, zopyapyala, ndikuzipima ndi ming'alu mumakungwa a mtengo. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa micromanipulation. Amphongo agolide nthawi zambiri amagawana zakudyazo ndi anthu ena a mabanja awo, mwachitsanzo, akusewera komanso mosavomerezeka amaba chakudya kwa makolo kapena abale ndi alongo.
Maluwa ndi osowa kumalo osungira nyama. Nthawi ina, osaka ankasaka ndikugulitsa ma marm agolide ngati ziweto. Kuchepa kwambiri kwa ziwerengero zawo kunasokoneza chikhumbo cha anthu ambiri chokhala ndi nyama zachilendozi, chifukwa ma marmosets agolide ndi amodzi mwa anyani onse padziko lapansi omwe akuwopsezedwa kuti atha.
Tsopano nyamayi ndi imodzi mwazinyama zosowa kwambiri m'tchire. Ma marmosets agolide 400 okha padziko lapansi, amakhala pafupi ndi Rio de Janeiro. Chiwonongeko cha malo awo okhala ndicho chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwawo. Mitengo imadulidwapo mitengo, malo osapezekamo ulimi ndi nyumba, malo akuluakulu opanda chiyembekezo amalepheretsa kufalikira ndi kupulumuka kwa ma marmose agolide m'chilengedwe.
Pali chiyembekezo kupulumutsa nyamazo, chifukwa ma marmosets agolide amapakidwa bwino mu ukapolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti awonjezeke kuchuluka kwawo ku ukapolo, ndipo kubwezeretsedwanso kutchire kunachita bwino.