Shaki za Reef ndi zam'banja la shaki imvi. Amakhala munyanja zamchere za Pacific ndi India, koma m'madzi a Atlantic sichoncho. Imapezeka makamaka m'matanthwe a coral, m'madzi opezeka pansi, pamadzi osaya pafupi ndi madzi akuya. Imakonda madzi oyera ndipo nthawi zambiri imachoka kutali ndi seabed. Malo okhala mwabwinobwino amakhala kuchokera pa 6 mpaka 40 metres. Nthawi zina, imakwera kumtunda ndipo imatha kufunafuna nyama yam'mphepete mwa madzi osakwana mita imodzi. Pazowera pamadzi pabwino kwambiri ndi 330 metres.
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwa nsomba zodya nyama zamtunduwu ndi 1.6 metres. Kutalika kwakukulu kojambulidwa ndi 2.1 metres. Kulemera kwakukulu ndi 183 kg, koma malinga ndi zina zina ndi zofanana ndi 27 kg. Thupi limakhala locheperako, mutu umakhala waukulu komanso wamfupi. Pomaliza pamakhala kuzungulira, mosabisa. Maso ali ochepa, owonda, pali eyelid wachitatu. Zikopa za khungu zimawonedwa pakona pakamwa. Mano ndi akuthwa ndi zigawo zosalala.
Pali zipsepse ziwiri. Yoyamba ya iwo yasunthidwa kumchira. Chomaliza chachiwiri ndi chocheperako kuposa choyambayo. Zipsepse zamtundu wa pectoral ndi zazikulu komanso zopindika patatu. Mbali yakumwambayi ya caudal imakhala yayikulu kuchulukirapo kuposa kawiri. Kupaka khungu kuchokera kumwamba ndi imvi kapena bulauni. Mimba imakhala yowoneka bwino kuposa msana. Malo amdima ang'onoang'ono amwazika kumbuyo. Kwa shaki iliyonse yam'matanthwe, kuphatikiza kwawo ndi kwapadera. Malekezero a dorsal yoyera ndi mapiri apamwamba a caudal ndi oyera oyera.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Mtunduwu ndi wa viviparous. Mimba imatenga pafupifupi chaka, mu zinyalala pali asodzi awiri. Kuchuluka kwawo sikumapitilira 6. Amayi amabereka kamodzi pazaka ziwiri, ndipo kwathunthu amakhala ndi shaki 12 m'moyo wawo wonse. Kubala mwana kumadutsa. Yaikazi imagwada ndikuthamangitsa shaki m'mimba mwake. Kukula kwa ana obadwa kumene kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira 50 mpaka 60 cm.
M'chaka, shaki zazing'ono zimakula ndi 16 cm. Akuluakulu amawonjezera masentimita atatu pachaka. Kukula muzogonana mwa akazi ndi amuna kumachitika ndi kutalika kwa mita 1. Izi zikufanana ndi zaka 8-9 za moyo. Kuthengo, mbawala yam'madzi imapulumuka zaka 25. Koma nsomba zambiri zimakhala zaka 14 mpaka 19. Chiyembekezo chamoyo wokhala mu ukapolo komanso kwakukulu ndi chimodzimodzi.
Kukhala Ndi Khalidwe Labwino
Oimira nyamazo amagwira ntchito kwambiri usiku komanso kukali mafunde. Akasaka, amapuma m'mapanga mokhazikika kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zina amagona pamchenga popanda pogona. Amakhala malo amodzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala osapitilira 3 km kupita kumbali. Malo osaka nsomba zamatanthwe nthawi zambiri samapitirira lalikulu. km Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba zodyerazi sizangokhala malo amtchire.
Matupi a nsomba'zi ndi opyapyala, motero amafunafuna nyama m'miyala yopapatiza ndi m'mabowo a m'miyala. M'madzi otseguka, chakudya sichimapezeka kawirikawiri ndipo chimachitika mopweteketsa. Kusaka usiku kumathandizira kuti nsomba zambiri zigone ndipo ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Chakudyacho chimakhala ndi nsomba zam'matanthwe, ma eel Moray, triggerfish, mullet wofiira. Octopus, spiny lobsters, ndi akhwangwala nawonso amadyedwa. Kusaka kumachitika palokha. Popanda chakudya, nsomba zodyerazi zimatha kukhala ndi moyo mwezi umodzi ndi theka.
Malo osungira
M'zaka zaposachedwa, shaki zam'madzi zakhala zikutetezeka kwambiri chifukwa cha kukula kwa usodzi wosaloledwa. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi malo ochepa, ndipo kubereka kumayenda pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chake, m'malo ena, kuchuluka kwa nyama zankhondo zam'madzi zatsika ndi 80%. Mukapanda kuteteza mbewuzo, ndiye kuti chiwerengero chake chidzatsika ndi 7-8% pachaka. Kwa anthu, nsomba izi sizowopsa.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa shaki yapa Caribbean
Shaki ya ku Caribbean yam'madzi imakhala ndi thupi lopindika. Chizindikiro chake ndichopanda komanso chozungulira. Kutsegula pakamwa ndi mawonekedwe a chipilala chachikulu chokhala ndi mano opindika patatu ndi ma serrations kumapeto. Maso ndi akulu komanso ozungulira. Maluso oyambira omaliza ndi akulu, owoneka ngati chikwakwa, zokutira pambali yakumbuyo. Ndalama yachiwiri kumbuyo ndiying'ono. Ziphuphu zooneka ngati ma crescent zimakhala pachifuwa. Caudal fin asymmetrical.
Reef Caribbean Shark (Carcharhinus perezii)
Thupi lapamwamba ndi imvi kapena taupe. Mimba ndi yoyera. Mphepete kumbuyo ndi zinsalu zonse zopaka utoto zimapakidwa utoto wakuda. Shaki ya ku Caribbean yam'madzi yotalika yam'madzi imakhala ndi kutalika kwa 152-168 cm, imakula mpaka masentimita 295.
Kufalikira kwa Caribbean Reef Shark
Shaki zam'madzi za ku Caribbean zimafalikira ku Belize barriers barrel, kuphatikiza mu nkhokwe za Half Moon Ki ndi Blue Hole ndi Glovers Atoll. Akatsopano obadwa kumene, achichepere ndi achikulire omwe amapezeka m'malo angapo ku Barrier Reef.
Ku Cuba, nsomba zam'madzi za m'nyanja ya Caribbean zimalembedwa pafupi ndi malo okumbika kwa Jardines de la Reina komanso m'malo osungira nyama zam'madzi, komwe shaki za mibadwo yonse amakhala. Kusodza kwa shaki koletsedwa kwathunthu m'derali.
Kufalikira kwa Caribbean Reef Shark
Ku Venezuela, nsomba zam'madzi za ku Caribbean ndi imodzi mwazinyama zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri kuzilumba zam'nyanja monga Los Roques. Komanso ndi imodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri zawamba kwambiri kuzungulira Bahamas ndi Antilles.
Ku Colombia, shaki zam'madzi za ku Caribbean zimapezeka pafupi ndi chilumba cha Rosario, ku Tayrona, Guajira National Natural Park ndi San Andres Archipelago.
Ku Brazil, shaki zam'madzi za ku Caribbean zimafalikira m'madzi a mayiko a Amapa, Maranhão, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Bahia, Espiritu Santo, Parana ndi Santa Catarina, ndi zilumba zam'nyanja za Atoll das Rocas, Fernando de Noronha komanso ku Trinidad . Shaki zamtunduwu zimatetezedwa kumalo osungira nyama a Atoll das Rocas, ku Fernando di Noronha ndi Abrolios - malo osungira nyama zam'madzi komanso ku Manuel Luis - malo osungirako nyama zam'madzi.
Zilumba za ku Caribbean Reef Shark
Shaki zam'madzi a ku Caribbean ndizo mtundu wa shaki wotchuka kwambiri pafupi ndi miyala yam'madzi ku Caribbean, nthawi zambiri amapezeka pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa miyala. Ichi ndi mtundu wa pansi wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja womwe umakhala m'malo opezeka kumtunda. Amamatira kuya kwakuya pafupifupi mamitala 30 pafupi ndi zisumbu za San Andres, m'madzi aku Colombia amawonedwa pakuya kwa mamita 45 mpaka 225.
Reef shark caribbean
Mbawala zam'madzi za ku Carribe zimakonda malo akunyanja zam'madzi ndipo nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'malo osaya. Pali zosiyana pamadambo a asodzi achichepere, amuna ndi akazi, ngakhale njira zawo zoyendamo nthawi zambiri zimadutsa. Ngakhale kuti achikulire samapezeka kawirikawiri pamakina osaya, achinyamata amakapezeka kwambiri m'mapala.
Nyanja ya Carrifonia Reef Shark
Mbawala zam'madzi za ku Caribbean zimayenda m'madzi, mbali zonse zopingasa komanso zowongoka. Amagwiritsa ntchito ma telemetry acoustic poyang'ana. Kupezeka kwa asodzi awa kumatsimikiziridwa pakuya kwa mamitala 400, amaphimba mtunda wamtunda wa 30 - 50 km. Usiku, amasambira pafupifupi 3.3 km.
Nyanja ya Carrifonia Reef Shark
Mtengo wa shark wa nsomba ku Caribbean
Asodzi a nsomba a ku Reef Caribean asodzi. Nyama yake imadyedwa, ndipo chiwindi chokhala ndi mafuta am'madzi ndi khungu lolimba limapangidwa mtengo. M'dera la malo a San Andres, kusodza kwa nsomba zazitali kumachitika chifukwa cha zipsezi, nsagwada (pazokongoletsa) ndi chiwindi, pomwe nyama siimangogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya.
Chiwindi chimagulitsa $ 40-50, mapaundi a zipsepa amatenga $ 45-55.
Ku Belize, zipse zouma zimagulitsidwa kwa ogula aku Asia chifukwa cha $ 37.50. Nyama ndi shark zimagulitsidwa ku Belize, Mexico, Guatemala ndi Honduras.
Zowopsa za ku Reef Shark Zamakungwa
Shaki zam'madzi a ku Caribbean ndizo mtundu waukulu womwe umadwala asodzi osaloledwa ku Caribbean, kuphatikiza Belize, Bahamas ndi Cuba. Kwenikweni, nsomba zimagwidwa ngati zodzigwidwa mumsodzi wa nsomba zazitali komanso zoyenda. M'madera ena (m'malo a Brazil ndi Pacific), kuwedza kumathandizira kwambiri kutsika kwa nsomba zamchere za ku Caribbean.
Zowopsa za ku Reef Shark Zamakungwa
Ku Belize, asodzi am'madzi amagwidwa ndi mbedza ndipo mu ukonde, makamaka nsomba zimagwidwa zikugwira nsomba zam'madzi. Zipse zouma (37,5 paundi) ndi nyama yomwe imapangidwanso ku United States imakhala yamtengo wapatali. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zam'ma 1990, panali kuchepa kwakukulu kwa nsomba zamtundu uliwonse, kuphatikizapo nsomba zam'matanthwe, zomwe zidapangitsa asodzi ambiri kusiya usodziwu.
Ngakhale kuchepa kwa kugwidwa, asodzi a m'matanthwe adalipo 82% ya asodzi onse omwe adagwidwa (munthawi ya 1994-2003).
Ku Colombia, pogwiritsa ntchito nsomba zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono zomwe zimapezeka kudera lotchedwa San Andres, nsomba zam'matanthwe ndi mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya shaki ndipo ndi 39% ya nsomba, ndipo munthu aliyense ali ndi 90-180 cm.
Malo okhala shaki zam'madzi a ku Caribbean akuwopsezedwanso ndikuwonongeka kwa zachilengedwe zam'mbali mwa nyanja ya Pacific. Ziphuphu zimawonongedwa ndi kuipitsidwa kwamadzi am'nyanja, matenda ndi kupsinjika kwa makina. Kuwonongeka kwa Habitat kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa nsomba zamchere za ku Caribbean.
Mawonekedwe
Shark ndi thupi lolimba la fusiform ndi kupukutira kwazinthu zozungulira. Kokani pakamwa lalikulu ndi mano opindika atatu. Pa mano - mzere wocheperako, wocheperapo pachiwono. Maso akulu ozungulira. Madongosolo oyamba a dorsal ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati chikwakwa, akulu, okhala ndi malire ataliitali. Madera achiwiri omaliza ndi ochepa. Cinscent chokhala ngati mapini apangidwe opangidwa bwino. Maluso a caudal ndi asymmetrical. Kumbuyo kwake ndi imvi kapena taupe. Mimba ndi yoyera. Gawo lakumunsi la anal Fin ndi zipsepse zonse zopaka utoto zimapakidwa utoto wakuda. Waukulu wamkulu ndi masentimita 152-168, ndipo kukula kwake ndi mbiri 295 sentimita.
Zochita ndi machitidwe
Shaki zamtunduwu zimapezeka m'madzi otentha a North, Central and South America, omwe ali ndi magawidwe akulu kwambiri kumadzi a Pacific. Shaki zam'madzi za ku Caribbean zimakhala m'madzi am'madera monga Florida, Bermuda, Yucatan, Cuba, Jamaica, Bahamas, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Venezuela ndi Brazil.
Shaki za ku Caribbean zimakhala mozama pafupifupi mamitala 40 pamwamba pamchenga kapena m'matanthwe, komanso m'malo amatope am'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya ku Brazil. Nthawi zambiri nsomba zamtunduwu zimakhala m'magulu a mitundu ingapo yamitundu yambiri yolumikizidwa pamtunda.
Mitundu yambiri ya amphaka imakakamizidwa kuti isunthe, kotero kuti madzi, akudutsa gill, akutsitsa thupi ndi mpweya. Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba zam'madzi za ku Caribbean ndi mtundu womwe umatha kugona pansi osasunthika, womwe siwofanana ndi Karharinaiformes, umawonedwa, umasefa madzi kudzera pa gill slits. Vutoli limawonedwa m'madzi a Cuba, komanso m'mapanga a Mexico ndi Fernando de Noronha wa zisumbu zaku Brazil.
Pakusaka, nsapato pakati pa shaki zokhala ndi nyama zimakonda kupezeka nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chomwe mabala amapezeka pamatupi.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Amadyetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba zam'mafupa ndipo, mwina, ma invertebrates akuluakulu oyenda.
Mbawala ya ku Caribbean ya ku Caribbean imagwira nyama yokhala ndi mano akuthwa ndi mutu wozungulira. Pambuyo pakuwukira bwino pakusaka, kusamvana pakati pa anthu kuti apeze chakudya nthawi zambiri kumachitika (shaki yodziyesa imayesa kusankha yomwe yabedwa).
Pofufuza nyama, shaki zam'madzi za ku Caribbean, monga oimira ena ambiri a shark, amagwiritsa ntchito zida zambiri zam'maso. Kuwona, kumva, kununkhiza, kumverera kochititsa manyazi, ndipo koposa zonse, masensa a m'mbali amathandizira kuzindikira ndipo, zosafunikanso, kugawa nyama. Udindo wa ma ampoules a Lorencini, omwe ndi ma elekitirodi pamagetsi, posaka nyama zamtunduwu siwofunikira chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, mu shaki zamkati, ndipo sanaphunzire kwambiri.
Amakhulupirira kuti nsomba zamtunduwu zimakonda nsomba zodwala ndi zovulala. Khalidwe longa lamtunduwu lodziwikiratu limadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwadzidzidzi, kwakanthawi kochepa (iwo amati nsomba zovulazidwayo "zimenya"). Mothandizidwa ndi tsambalo, shaki imazindikira kugunda kwamtunda wamtundu wocheperako, kuwonetsa kuti wovulalayo ali pafupi.
Kudumphadumphira m'madzi ndi kukwera miyendo
Mbawala za ku Caribbean za nsomba zam'madzi zimakonda kudziwa zambiri komanso sizimachita manyazi. Panthawi yakubowoleza pansi malo awo, gawo lina la nkhosayo limasunthira kumtunda pansi kapena pakuya kwambiri ndipo lidzatsagana nawo pakati pa madzi, pofotokoza mozungulira mabwalo owazungulira.
Pansi, gululo nthawi zambiri limachita zinthu zodziwikiratu: asodzi amafunitsitsa kulumikizana, kuwonetsa chidwi, nthawi zina amaputa, koma osatinso zina. Pakati pa okonda kuvina, amadziwika kuti kuyenda m'madzi ndi oimira amtunduwu ndi njira yosangalatsa komanso yosangalatsa.
Nthawi zina, monga zosangalatsa zowonjezera, alendo amabwera kudyetsa nsomba, pansi pa madzi ndi pamtunda. Otsutsa komanso otsutsa mtundu wa chiwonetserochi samatsutsana kwenikweni ngati kudyetsa kwa shaki kuli koyenera pafupi ndi malo omwe kuli anthu ambiri komanso ngati mtundu uwu wa bizinesi umakhudza ziwerengero za asodzi omwe akuba.
Monga mitundu ina, zimakhulupirira kuti shaki iyi imakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa munthu yemwe ali pafupi ndi madzi kapena pakuya kosafunikira, chifukwa chake pakapinda mumtunda momwe shark ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Caribbean, njira yobadwira mwachangu imagwiritsidwa ntchito - gululi silimasonkhana kutsogolo kwa kutsogolo kuyamba kwa phazi, ndipo woyamba amabwera mozama.
Mutu | Malo | Mtundu wa ma dives | Tsamba kapena tsamba tsambalo |
---|---|---|---|
Jardines de la reina | Pafupifupi mamailo 50 kumwera kwa Cuba | Gulu la asodzi akuya kwambiri mpaka mamita 45. Shaki ndizazikulu, mpaka mamita 2.5 kapena kupitirira apo. Khalidwe lowononga. Amalumikizidwa ndi anthu osiyanasiyana. | Avalon |
Zowopsa kwa anthu
Ziwombankhanga, ngakhale zimaphatikizidwa mndandanda wazowopsa kwa anthu, sizikuwopseza, pokhapokha ngati muli ndi bala lotseguka kapena mukuchita mkondo.
Komabe, mbiri yovomerezeka ngati Global Shark Attack File imatchulapo milandu ingapo yomwe nsomba zam'madzi za ku Caribbean zinaukira munthu. Nayi ena a iwo:
- 1968, The Bahamas. Wazaka 17 Roy Pinder agwidwa ndi shaki ya nsomba yaku Caribbean pomwe akusaka nsomba yokhala ndi zeze. Wumwa pamutu, wadontha nsapato
- 1988, The Bahamas. Zina Doug Perrin (zaka sizinafotokozedwe) kusambira kukubwera pansi, ndipo mita imodzi ndi theka yasitima ya nsomba ikugwedera dzanja lake lamanja
- M'chaka chomwecho, china Press Press, akusaka nsomba ndi harpoon ndi scuba, adalumidwa patsaya
- 1993, wazaka 51 William Burns kulumwa kuphazi, kusaka nsomba ndi harpoon
- 1997, 1998 - anthu ena angapo anaukiridwa pomwe anali kusaka nsomba ndi mbawala
- 1999 chaka Kevin King ku Bahamas adalumidwa kwambiri ndi shaki ya 2.7 metre (!)
- 2002, wazaka 41 Michelle Glen wolumidwa kwambiri ndi shaki yam'madzi ya ku Caribbean ya mamitala awiri, pomwe anali akugwira ntchito yowotcha ("snorkeling")
- 2004, 2005 - angapo, kuphatikizapo okwiyitsidwa, zochitika, makamaka zokhudzana ndi kusaka nsomba
- 2005, Grand Cayman Island (Cayman Islands). Lee Ann Hagis wazaka 57 agwidwa ndi shaki popanda zotulukapo (anali akusambira)
Mwanjira ina, malinga ndi ziwerengero, nyama zodzetsa chidwi komanso zolumikizazi zimabweretsa ngozi makamaka kwa osaka pamadzi. Mwachiwonekere, amakopeka ndi kununkhira kwa magazi a nsomba yomwe yaphedwa kumene.
Pokhala wokwiya, wolimba kapena wankhanza, nsomba zam'madzi za ku Caribbean zimawonetsa mkhalidwe wina:
- zipsepse zamakutu zimatsika
- shaki imayamba kuyenda modzidzimutsa, mwachangu
- kuthamanga kumachulukitsa kangapo
- shaki imayamba mwadzidzidzi, nthawi zina m'makona akuthwa, kuti isinthe njira
Wotsikirako azitha kuzindikira kusintha kwa mtundu wa shaki ndikuwayankha moyenera, monga:
- khalani chete
- gwerani mpaka m'munsi kapena pansi kapena gwiritsani ntchito malo okhala
- ngati nkosatheka kubisala kapena kuyimitsa - sinthani modekha komanso pang'ono ndi pang'ono
- musayendetse, musasonyeze nkhawa ndipo musasunthe
- osalole konse kuluma
- ngati kuluma kumachitika, tuluka m'madzi msanga momwe mungathere, kunyalanyaza, pakati pazinthu zina, kukakamiza kuwonongeka
Ziwopsezo zakupha nsomba zamchere zamchere ku Caribbean sizinatchulidwepo konse kuchokera kwa boma.
Reef okhala
Mwambiri mukukumana ndi achinsomba mu nyanja zotentha - ndi olemera kwambiri m'moyo kuposa kuzizira komanso nyanja zazitali zam'nyanja. Koma moyo siogawanidwa bwino bwino m'madzi ofunda - pali madera omwe magawo ndi abwino kwambiri popanga zinyama ndi maluwa.
Madera am'nyanja ndi nyanja zam'madzi amaphatikizapo nyumba zamiyala. Moyo mwa iwo umatentha ndi mitundu yonse.
Zachidziwikire, "mafuta ophikira" oterewa sanachoke popanda chidwi ndi shaki.
Pakati pa miyala yamiyala yamakhola, pali nsomba zamtundu wamitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera pansi komanso zopanda ntchito, kupita posambira mwachangu komanso kwaulere, pelagic.
“Ref” wa epithet amadziphatika ndi gulu lina la asodzi chifukwa chambiri chopeza ma selakhi pa nyumba ndi m'matanthwe. Mitundu yambiri ya amphaka amphaka amatchedwa am'madzi - mwachitsanzo, m'matanthwe a ku Caribbean, nthenga zoyera, nthenga zakuda, ndi zina. Tanthauzoli ndi "mwala", monga mukumvetsetsa, chifukwa m'malo awa mungathe kukumana ndi zilombo zilizonse, kuchokera ku shaki yoyera yayikulu, kupita kwa mngelo wa nyanja kapena shaki yamphaka. , ndipo shaki zamakutu zimatha kupezeka kutali ndi nyumba za coral.
Nayi kufotokozeredwa kwa asodzi, mu epithet yolankhula ku Russia komwe kuli tanthauzo la "reef". Mwa njira, m'modzi mwa oimira banja la a Kunih - shark Kunya shark wapatsidwanso "kalembedwe" kamare. Ndipo moyenera - izi zimadya m'matanthwe a coral kwambiri komanso kulikonse. Koma pano tikulankhula za oimira banja la asodzi otuwa, "olembetsedwa" pamiyala.
Mitundu yayikulu ya nsomba zam'madzi za banja la imvi selahii zimaphatikizapo miyala ya ku Caribbean, miyala yaimvi, bango loyera-oyera ndi buluzi wamiyala yakuda.
Shark ya nsomba ya ku Caribbean (Carcharhinus perezii), kapena nthawi zina shaki yofiirira yofiirira, yotalika masentimita 295 kutalika ndipo imakhala ku Western Atlantic ndi Pacific ku North Carolina (USA) kupita ku Brazil.
Shaki zam'madzi za ku Caribbean zidatchulidwa malinga ndi dera la mitundu (Nyanja ya Pacific), komanso gawo la nsomba zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimapezeka m'matanthwe, makamaka mwa miyambo yosatchulana dzina, ku Karhariformes.
Shark ndi thupi lolimba la fusiform ndi kupukutira kwazinthu zozungulira. Yokoka pakamwa yayikulu ndi mano opindika atatu. Pa mano - mzere wocheperako, wocheperapo pachiwono. Maso akulu owazungulira ali ndi ulusi wonyezimira.
Madongosolo oyamba a dorsal ndi chikopa chooneka ngati chikwakwa, chachikulu, chomwe chili ndi malire kumbuyo kwake. Madera achiwiri omaliza ndi ochepa. Cinscent chokhala ngati mapini apangidwe opangidwa bwino. Maluso a caudal ndi asymmetrical.
Kumbuyo kwake ndi imvi kapena taupe. Mimba ndi yoyera. Gawo lakumunsi la anal fin ndi zipsepse zonse zophatikizika ndi zakuda kuposa maziko oyambira.
Kukula kwakukulu pakati pa anthu ndi 150-170 cm, kutalika kwakukulu kojambulidwa ndi 295 cm.
Shaki zamtunduwu zimapezeka m'madzi otentha a North, Central and South America, omwe ali ndi magawidwe akulu kwambiri kumadzi a Pacific.
Shaki zam'madzi za ku Caribbean zimakhala m'madzi am'madera monga Florida, Bermuda, Yucatan, Cuba, Jamaica, Bahamas, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Venezuela ndi Brazil.
Nyamayi imakhala m'malo akuya pafupifupi 40 pamchenga kapena pamatanthwe, komanso m'malo amatope, mwachitsanzo, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya ku Brazil. Nthawi zambiri, amphaka amtunduwu amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono angapo, okhala m'chigawo china cha nyanja.
Mitundu yambiri ya amphaka imakakamizidwa kuti isunthe, kotero kuti madzi, akudutsa gill, akutsitsa thupi ndi mpweya. Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba zam'madzi za ku Caribbean ndi mtundu womwe umatha kugona pansi osasunthika, womwe siwofanana ndi Karharinaiformes, umawonedwa, umasefa madzi kudzera pa gill slits.
Amadyetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba zam'mafupa ndipo, mwina, ma invertebrates akuluakulu oyenda.
Mbawala ya ku Caribbean ya ku Caribbean imagwira nyama yokhala ndi mano akuthwa ndi mutu wozungulira. Pambuyo pakuwukira bwino pakusaka, mikangano pakati pa anthu pawokha nthawi zambiri imakhala yopezeka ndi chakudya, chifukwa chomwe mabala nthawi zambiri amapanga matupi. Nthawi zambiri pagulu, "mliri" umatulidwa chifukwa cha misala kapena kutentha thupi.
Pofufuza nyama, shaki zam'madzi za ku Caribbean, monga oimira ena ambiri a shark, amagwiritsa ntchito zida zambiri zam'maso. Kuwona, kumva, kununkhiza, kumverera kochititsa manyazi, ndipo koposa zonse, masensa a m'mbali amathandizira kuzindikira ndipo, zosafunikanso, kugawa nyama. Udindo wa ma ampoules a Lorencini, omwe ndi ziwalo zoonda zamagetsi, posaka mitundu iyi ya a shark siwofunikira chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, mu shaki zamkati, ndipo sanaphunzire kwambiri.
Shaki zam'madzi za ku Caribbean ndi mtundu wa viviparous. Pobadwa, nsomba zimakhala zazitali masentimita 70. Kuchokera pa 3 mpaka 6 cubs mu zinyalala. Mimba imatenga pafupifupi miyezi 11-12.
Akazi amakhala okhwima pamtunda wa mamitala awiri, amuna akamakula pafupifupi 1.5 m. Amayi amatha kubereka zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Pakukonzekera, abambo nthawi zambiri amaluma akazi, kusiya zilonda zowoneka bwino pakhungu lawo.
Nthawi zambiri achinyamata kapena odwala a nsomba zam'madzi za ku Caribbean amakhala ovutitsidwa ndi zilombo zamphamvu komanso zazikulu, makamaka shaki zamtundu wa bovine ndi tiger.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti nsomba zam'madzi za ku Caribbean sizitha kugwa ndi tiziromboka kuposa mitundu ina. Chosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya leeches, yomwe imatha kulumikizidwa ndi thupi kapena zipsepse zamtundu wakudya ndikuwola.
Mbawala za ku Caribbean za nsomba zam'madzi zimakonda kudziwa zambiri komanso sizimachita manyazi. Mukamadumphira m'makhola awo, gawo lina la paketi limakwera m'mwamba pansi kapena pakuya kwambiri ndikuwatsata panjira yolumphira, kufotokoza magulu owazungulira.
Pansi, gululo nthawi zambiri limachita zinthu zodziwikiratu: asodzi amafunitsitsa kulumikizana, onetsani chidwi, nthawi zina amayesa kuluma mlendo, koma osatinso. Pakati pa okonda kuvina, amadziwika kuti kuyenda m'madzi ndi oimira amtunduwu ndi njira yosangalatsa komanso yosangalatsa.
Komabe, asodzi awa akuphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazomwe zingakhale zowopsa kwa anthu.Ziwerengero zomwe zatulutsidwa ndi Global Shark Attack File zimakhala ndi zochitika zingapo za nkhanza za asodzi aku nsomba aku Caribbean pokhudzana ndi osambira komanso osiyanasiyana.
Nayi zitsanzo zotsatsa:
- 1968, The Bahamas. Roy Pinder, wazaka 17, agwidwa ndi nsomba zamchere za ku Caribbean pomwe akusaka nsomba yomwe ili ndi harpoon. Olumwa pamutu, +
- 1988, The Bahamas. Doug Perrin (wa zaka zosafotokozeratu) anali kuwombera m'madzi, ndipo shaki ya mita imodzi ndi hafu yolowera kumanja idagula dzanja lake lamanja,
- M'chaka chomwecho, Larry Press, akusaka nsomba ndi harpoon ndi zida zamagetsi, adalumidwa patsaya.
- 1993, a William Burns wazaka 51 analumidwa mwendo, akusaka nsomba ndi harpoon,
- 1997, 1998 - anthu ena angapo anaukiridwa pomwe anali kusaka nsomba ndi mbawala,
- 1999, Kevin King ku Bahamas adalumidwa kwambiri ndi mita 2.7 (!) Shaki zam'madzi za ku Caribbean,
- 2002, Michelle Glen wazaka 41 adalumidwa koopsa ndi shaki wam'madzi wa ku Caribbean wa mamitala awiri, pomwe amagwira ntchito yowotcha ("snorkeling"),
- 2004, 2005 - zocitika zingapo, kuphatikizapo zomwe zakwiya, makamaka zokhudzana ndi kusaka nsomba,
- 2005, Grand Cayman Island (Cayman Islands). Lee Ann Hagis wazaka 57 anagwidwa ndi shaki popanda zotulukapo (anali kuchita nawo ntchito yolumphira m'madzi).
Ngati mukuyesera kuti mumvetsetse za ziwerengero zomwe zili pamwambapa, mutha kuzindikira kuti nyama zomwe zimakonda kudziwa komanso kulumikizana ndizowopsa, makamaka kwa osaka pamadzi. Zikuwoneka kuti amakopeka ndi kununkhira kwa magazi a nsomba yatsopano yomwe yaphedwa kumene.
Ziwawa zakubadwa kwa shark ya nsomba ya ku Caribbean sizinanenedwe kuchokera ku magwero aboma. Mano a omwe amadyera awa si akulu kuti athane ndi munthu.
Guluvu laimvi (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) limakonda kukhala pafupi ndi miyala, dothi lamiyala ndi miyala, limapezekanso m'malo amchenga a m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Amawonetsa chidwi mwa munthu ndipo nthawi zambiri amafuna kuyandikira kusambira. Mano a nyama zazikuluzikuluzi ndi zazikulu, zazikuluzikulu, zowongoka m'mbuyo komanso zokhala ngati zokutira kumapeto, zomwe zimawonjezera kulimba kwawo komanso zimalepheretsa nyama kuti izituluka. Mano a nsagwada yakumunsi ndi yopapatiza, yopindika. Pautali wopepuka ndi mphuno zopanda mphuno zamaso zamkati zolankhula mpaka pakamwa. Maso ali ozungulira, apakatikati kukula, okhala ndi nembanemba.
Wachikulire wa banja ili nthawi zambiri amakhala wamtali pafupifupi 1.5-2.0 metres. Thupi lansomba yokhala ngati imvi imafanana ndi torpedo, yomwe imalola kuti izikhala yachangu kwambiri komanso yolimba mwachangu. Imvi yakuda kapena yaimvi kumtunda, yosinthira bwino mbali kuti ikhale m'mimba yoyera. Anal amakhala ndi zakuda, zobiriwira ndi malire akuda. Malipiro a dorsal nthawi zambiri amakhala opepuka. Kukula kwakukulu kwambiri: kutalika - 255 cm, kulemera - 33.7 kg. Chiyembekezo chamoyo chazaka pafupifupi 25.
Mtundu wa achinsomba umatha kupezeka pafupi ndi gombe la kontinent, komanso zilumba zazing'ono. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi miyala yamiyala. Zochuluka kwambiri mu Nyanja Yofiira, m'malo ambiri otentha a Pacific ndi Indian Ocean. Imachitika m'malo osungira nyama komanso pachilumba, m'madzi osaya ndi m'madzi amiyala, komanso munyanja mozama kuchokera pansi mpaka 1000 m (nthawi zambiri simakuya kupitirira 300 m).
Shaki ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimakonda kwambiri, nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa ndi anthu osiyanasiyana, koma sizimalola kuyandikira, kusambira poyesera kulumikizana. Wodya nyama yolusa, umasaka masana, koma ntchito yayikulu ndi usiku.
Msodzi wodziwika kwambiri ndi nsomba zazikulu kwambiri, nsomba za cephalopod - squid, cuttlefish, ndi octopus. Phatikizani zakudya zamtunduwu ndi nkhanu, nkhanu zam'madzi, nsomba zazing'ono zamkati.
Kutha kwa shaki iyi kuti ilandire nyama ngakhale kukumba kwakuzama m'miyala ndi matanthwe kumadziwika.
Amatha kukhala aukali akathamangitsidwa ndi okonda mkondo. Monga shaki zina zambiri, abambo amphaka amaopa munthu, kuyesera kuti asayandikire kwa iye, koma amaluma akamaletsa kuletsa kapena kubwezera.
Milandu yakuwukira kosasinthika kwa anthu osiyanasiyana idadziwikanso. Imalowa mkhalidwe wa chiwewe pakudya nyama ndipo pakadali pano zitha kukhala zowopsa kwambiri kwa anthu. Shaki imakwiya kuchokera dontho laling'ono lamadzi m'madzi kapena kugwedezeka, imayamba kuyesa mwamphamvu kuluma yemwe akuvutikayo, ngakhale siyikhala pafupi.
Monga mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zam'matanthwe, zimatengera "chiopsezo" ngati akufuna kukakamiza mlendo osamuitana kuti angomusiya yekha kapena kuti atuluke pamalo okhala ndi nyama zomwe amadana nazo. Amugonetsa kumsana, nataya zipsepse zamkati ndi pectoral ndikuzigwedeza. Nthawi yomweyo, imakweza mutu wake, imatulutsa mano ndikuyenda motsutsana ndi mbali. Ngati nthawi yomweyo amasambira mokhazikika kuzungulira posambira, ndiye kuti akuyembekezeredwa. Ndikwabwino kusasodza nsomba ndikusiya vuto.
Mwa zolengedwa za m'matanthwe, imvi ndi Caribbean zimawonedwa kuti ndizowopsa kwambiri kwa anthu.
Monga amphaka onse otuwa, shaki zam'matanthwe ndiz viviparous. Akazi okhwima amabweretsa malitala 4-6 ana okulirapo kuposa theka la mita.
Shark wakuda (Carcharhinus melanopterus).
Mitunduyi imakhala yofala kudera lotentha la Indian ndi Pacific Oceans: kuchokera ku Nyanja Yofiira komanso gombe lakummawa kwa Africa kupita ku Hawaiiian Islands, Line Islands, Tuamotu Archipelago ndi Island Island.
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinyama zodziwika bwino zam'matanthwe amwala zamitundu mitundu. Amakhala m'malo ozama - osapitilira mamiliyoni angapo. Pofufuza chakudya, nthawi zambiri amapita kumalo osungira nyama, komwe madzi amangophimba thupi la mdaniyo.
Asodzi sakhala a nthumwi zazikulu za banja la shaki imvi, monga, mwachitsanzo, nyalugwe, woleza kapena wa Galapagos shark. Shaki zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhala ndi utoto wakuda sizidutsa 180 cm kutalika.
Mtundu wokhala ndi khungu laimvi ndi mbali yotsika kuchokera ku imvi yofiirira mpaka imvi, mtundu wam'mimba umayera mpaka kuyera. Mbali yapamwamba ya dorsal fin yoyamba ndi lobe yaying'ono ya caudal fin ili ndi malangizo akuda.
Wothamanga, wosambira mwachangu. Zakudyazo zimakhazikitsidwa ndi nsomba zam'matanthwe, zonse pansi komanso zosambira zaulere, cephalopods, crustaceans (shrimps, crabs, lobsters, spiny lobsters). Nthawi zambiri amapanga zoweta, koma palinso zosowa.
Nyemba zamtundu wakuda, zimabereka asodzi awiri kapena anayi, kukula kwa 33-52 cm.
Amuna amatha kutha msinkhu ndi kutalika kwa 91-100 cm, zazikazi zazitali masentimita 96-112.
Atafika pa kutha msinkhu, kuchuluka kwa asambwe kumacheperachepera, chifukwa chake amuna achikulire ambiri sapitilira kutalika kwa 120-140 cm, zazikazi ndizokulirapo pang'ono.
Pali milandu yodziwika yomwe imagwidwa ndi asodzi a nsomba zamiyala yakuda. M'zochitika zonse zomwe zadziwika, nkhonya zamakedzana zimayamba chifukwa cha kununkhira kwa magazi omwe amayenda m'madzi kuchokera ku nsomba zomwe zidasankhidwa ndi anthu.
Kutengera kuphulika kwa misala ya shaki, pomwe machitidwe awo amakhala osayembekezereka kwathunthu.
Belopera reef shark (Triaenodon obesus) - wofalikira mu Pacific Ocean, wopezeka m'mphepete mwa South Africa, wopezeka mu Red Sea, m'madzi a Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Burma, Indonesia, Vietnam ndi Taiwan. Amakhala ku Philippines, pafupi ndi Australia ndi New Zealand. Zodziwika ku Polynesia, Melanesia, ndi Micronesia.
Kummawa kwa Pacific Ocean amapezeka pafupi ndi Cocos ndi Galapagos Islands, kumpoto - pafupi ndi Panama ndi Costa Rica.
Pamodzi ndi mbawala yakuda ya nthenga (Carcharhinus melanopterus) ndi chinsomba chaimvi (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) ndiye shaki zamadzi zotentha kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri, nsomba yam'madzi yokhala ndi mbewa yoyera imasunga madzi osaya pafupi ndi miyala. Komabe, misonkhano ndi shark iyi idalembedwa pakuya kwa 330 m.
Masana, shaki imabisala m'mapanga amiyala, ikukhazikitsa ambusus. Shaki yokhala ndi mbewa yoyera imasiyanitsidwa ndi kuthekera kosasunthika kwa nthawi yayitali. Ntchito yayikulu kwambiri yamtunduwu wa asodzi usiku.
Nyamayi imadyera anthu okhala pansi, okhala m'matanthwe am'madzi: octopus, lobster, crabs, nsomba zokulirapo, cephalopods, komanso mphutsi za nyama komanso nsomba zamkati. Amadziperekabe kumalo ake osakira, nthawi zonse amabwerera kwa iwo atasowa. Tsambali, zosankhidwa ndi shaki zokhala ndi moyo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono.
Belopera reef shark ndi nsomba yaying'ono yamphongo yomwe ili ndi thupi lokoma komanso mutu wambiri, wosalala.
Kutalika kwambiri ndi 2.13 m, koma zitsanzo zazikulu kuposa 1.6 m ndizosowa.
Amuna amakhala okhwima pogonana ndi kutalika kwa mita yopitilira, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 170. Akazi ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa amuna. Kutalika kwa zaka zambiri za nyama zodyerazi ndi pafupifupi theka la zaka zana limodzi.
Chizindikiro cha shaki yokhala ndi mbewa yoyera ndi yozungulira, maso ndi ozungulira, ngati shaki zonse zam'matanthwe, pali nembanemba yoteteza - "eyelid wachitatu".
Nyamayi idalandira dzina lake Belopera chifukwa cha zipsera zoyera pamiyeso ya zipsepse zakuthambo.
Mtundu wa khungu ndi imvi kapena bulawuni, nthawi zina kumbuyo kumakhala kowala. Mimba ndiyopepuka kuposa msana - phulusa kapena loyera.
Palibe milandu yakuwombedwa kwa nsomba zamiyala yoyera yolembedwa pa anthu idalembedwa, koma kusamala kuyenera kuchitika pakukhudzana - kukula kwakukulu kwa thupi ndi mano a wolusa kungaletse chithunzi chosaiwalika chokumana nacho kunyanja.
Pomaliza, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti kuchuluka kwa asodzi am'manda akutsika kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kusodza kosalamulirika, makamaka zipsepse, kubereka pang'ono komanso kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe m'malo mwake zimakhudza kuthekera kwa mitundu ya zinthu kukhala zochuluka.
Nyama ya asodzi awa, komanso nthumwi zina za banja laimvi, ndizakudya ndipo ndi chokoma kwambiri. M'mayiko aku Asia, ku Africa, komanso kuzilumba za Malaysia ndi Oceania, nsomba zam'madzi zimadyedwa. Zaka zaposachedwa, Europe ndi America adalumikizana mokangalika pamadyerero ngati amenewa.
Ndipo mukapanda kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti mutetezere zachilengedwe, zina mwazomwe zimatha posachedwa ndi zolengedwa zapadziko lapansi.
Kusaka komanso kuchita
Kutayamba kwamdima, asodzi amamba kusaka. Chakudyacho chimapangidwa ndi nsomba zina, komanso ma octopus ndi nkhanu. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwake, shaki imatha kulowa m'miyala yopanda matanthwe a coral ndikugwirira nyama zomwe shaki zina nthawi zambiri sizimatha kupeza (mwachitsanzo, ma eel eel). Ngakhale wolakwayo atagwera m'ng'alu yopyapyala, shaki yam'madzi imatha kuthyola matanthwe onse kuti idye nawo.
Mbawala ya m'matanthwe imakhala ndi zida zambiri zodziwira kuti igwiritse ntchito. Amagwira bwino magetsi amagetsi, mauthenga osokoneza bongo ndi ojambula omwe amaperekedwa ndi womenyedwayo. Ngakhale mumdima wathunthu ndizovuta kubisa kwa adani. Shaki zimakonda kwambiri mawu ocheperako omwe amapangidwa ndi ovulala. Zidyamakanda zingapo zimazithamangira nthawi imodzi, kugwa mwa zomwe amati "misala yazakudya." Khalidweli ndi lodziwika kwambiri ndi asodzi ambiri, ndipo mimbayo siimodzimodzi. Akasaka kusaka usiku, asodzi a m'matanthwe amatha kulanda nthawi iliyonse masana ngati "atazindikira" wovulala pafupi. Pali umboni kuti nsomba za m'matanthwe "zimaba" nsomba zopatsa thanzi kwa mikango yam'nyanja, zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi maonekedwe ndi kununkhira kwa nsomba zovulala.
Reef Shark. Zithunzi ndi Makanema a Reef Shark
Komabe, nyamayi singatchedwe "kususuka". Shaki imatha kukhala popanda chakudya kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi.
Pamodzi, nsomba zam'matanthwe sizimasaka, koma zimatha kusonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, ndikukhala gawo limodzi pamatanthwe.
Moyo ndi zina
Asodzi a Reef sakonda kusambira pafupi ndi pansi, amakonda madzi oyera. Pali nthawi zina zomwe zimatha kupezeka m'malo osaya, momwe kuya kwake kuli pafupifupi mita imodzi. Koma zomwe zimakonda mtunduwu ndizakuya kuyambira mita eyiti mpaka makumi anai.
Izi ndi zina mwa zomwe shaki zam'matanthwe:
- Masana amapuma pansi pa matanthwe kapena m'mapanga ena, nthawi zina amasonkhana ambiri,
- akhala akugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo kwazaka zingapo,
- Zochita zikuwonetsedwa usiku kapena mafunde ofooka (pomwe mafunde amphamvu amawawonedwa),
- kusaka usiku,
Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi shaki yoyera-yoyera: chifukwa cha kayendedwe kabwinobwino ka thupi, imatha kugona pang'ono osasunthika pansi. Nthawi yomweyo, ma gilawo amapopera madzi mwakhama, omwe amalola kuti apume.
Ubale Waumunthu
Shaki zam'madzi zimakonda nsomba zambiri, nthawi zambiri zimafika kwa anthu ndipo zimayandikana kwambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti mtunduwu ndi wopanda vuto ndipo kawirikawiri suwonetsa kukwiya. Ambiri mwa mndandanda wotchuka pamene amatsutsa anthu adakhumudwitsidwa ndi anthu omwe. Nthawi zambiri nsombazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zowonerera pakubowola alendo, komanso kuyesera kudyetsa ndi dzanja. Zochitika zimadziwika pomwe zimasangalatsa mosiyanasiyana.
Ku Western Indian Ocean, nsomba zam'madzi zimagwidwa munyanja ya Arabia kuchokera kumalire a India ndi Pakistani, komanso pafupi ndi chilumba cha Madagascar. Chakudya chimakonzedwa kuchokera ku nyama ndi chiwindi, koma pali zidziwitso kuti ndizotheka kuyambitsa poizoni m'malo ena.
Kwazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa matenda a Triaenodon obesus kwayamba kuchepa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosagwiritsidwa ntchito yopanga. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a "Pafupi ndi malo osatetezeka." Kubala pang'onopang'ono sikuloleza mtundu uwu wa asodzi kupanikizidwa ndi usodzi. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu mwapadera kuti tisunge mtunduwu.
Habitat
Shaki zam'madzi zamchere ku Pacific zili ponseponse mu lamba wotentha chakumadzulo kwa Atlantic, kuyambira North Carolina kumpoto kupita ku Brazil kumwera.
Imapezeka ku Gulf of Mexico ndi Pacific, ku zilumba zapafupi ndi zisumbu. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya shaki ku Bahamas ndi Antilles.
Amakonzanso madzi osaya pafupi ndi m'mphepete, m'matanthwe komanso m'malo otsetsereka. Nthawi zambiri imatha kupezeka pakuya kwa 30 m, koma imathanso kudumphira pansi mazana angapo.
Mawonekedwe
Thupi lokhazikika lokhala ndi kamfupi kakang'ono komanso kozungulira konsekonse, maso ndi akulu kwambiri, okhala ndi nembanemba yoluka. Pali miphukira yaying'ono pafupi ndi mphuno. Mano apamwamba ali ndi mbali zitatu, okhala ndi maziko ambiri ndi zingwe zazing'ono pamapeto. Mano otsika okhala ndi apl woboola pakati. Pa nsagwada za m'munsi komanso zam'mwamba, mano amapezeka mizere 11-13.
M ziphuphu zakunja ndi ma pectoral zipsepse ndizochita ngati chikwakwa. Fin the caudal is heterocercal ndi pendom yaying'ono kumapeto kwa lobe yapamwamba.
Kumbuyo pakati pa ziphuphu za ma dorsal pali kutukuka pang'ono kwa msana.
Kupaka utoto kuchokera kumaso amtundu wonyezimira pakuda, komanso kuchokera pamtundu woyera mpaka wachikaso pamimba. M'mphepete nthawi zina pamakhala mawonekedwe owoneka pang'ono.
Malangizo a pectoral, pelvic, anal fin ndi caudal ventral lobe ali ndi utoto wakuda.
Zakudya
Mbawala zam'madzi a ku Caribbean zimadyera posambira nsomba m'malo amadzi ndi nyama zapansi. Amadyanso tuna, mackerel, hering'i, flounder, stingrays komanso ngakhale shaki zazing'ono. Nyama zabwino - octopus, squid. Zimatha kusiyanitsa zakudya ndi mafuta ochepa.
Monga mitundu ina yambiri ya selachi, amatha kutembenuzira mimba kuti ayeretse chakudya chosavomerezeka (kutembenuza m'mimba).
Zojambula ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa a thupi
Palibe zosiyana zapadera zakunja kuchokera ku mitundu ina ya nsomba zazikulu zamatanthwe. Kusiyanako pang'ono kumakhala komwe kuli zipsepsepi, mawonekedwe, chiwerengero ndi mawonekedwe a mano.
Mbawala zam'madzi za ku Caribbean nthawi zambiri zimasakanikirana ndi mtundu wa shaki zaimvi ndi shaki zina.