Amphaka am'nyumba amakhala ndi chikhalidwe komanso zizolowezi zofananira ndi anzawo. Zina mwa izo zimasokoneza chisamaliro cha nyama ndikusasangalatsa m'moyo wakunyumba. Chochitika chosayembekezeka chikhoza kukhala chodzaza mbanja yachabe. Sikuti aliyense ali wokonzeka kuwoneka kwa mphaka zingapo mnyumbamo, chifukwa chake muyenera kuganizira za vutoli pasadakhale. Sterilization ndi njira yabwino yothetsera. A.
Kodi kuwongolera ndi chiyani?
Mphaka wolumikizana - Uku ndi kulowererapo kwa opaleshoni, chifukwa chake kumatha mphamvu kubereka. Awa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachepetsa chibadwa cha kubereka, osachotsa ziwalo zogonana. Osati kusokonezedwa ndi kuponyedwa. Poterepa, uwu ndi ntchito yochotsa ziwalo zamkati mwa chonde.
Zolinga ndi zabwino zake
Zifukwa zotengera mphaka kwa vet:
- Makatani osafunikira amabweretsa mavuto. Amayenera kutayidwa atangobereka, kapena kuperekedwa m'manja olakwika.
- Kusungitsa mphaka wanu kukhala wathanzi kumalepheretsa matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kubereka, kuphatikizapo zotupa zowopsa m'moyo.
- Khalidwe la chiwetocho limakhala lofewa komanso lamtendere. Pambuyo wolera, kupsa mtima kumachepa.
Khalidwe la mphaka wosadziwika panyumba nthawi ya estrus limadziwika ndi mkwiyo, limodzi ndi kufuula kosasunthika, kukuwa, kufuna kuthawa kunyumba kukafuna mating. Zina mwazotsatira za mchitidwewu: kukhwima ndi amphaka am'misewu, ana osafunikira kwa eni (mphaka wamkulu amatha kubereka ana amphaka kangapo pachaka), matenda opatsirana chifukwa cholumikizana ndi "abambo" osasinthika, osanena kuti ingagwere m'manja mwa ochita zolakwika kapena pansi pa matayala agalimoto.
Msinkhu woyenera
Zaka zoyenera kwambiri kulumikizana ndi veterinarian ndi nthawi ya kutha kwa mphaka, i.e. 7-9 wazaka zakubadwa. Zabwino, izi ziyenera kuchitika isanafike woyamba, pamene njira yakulera idayamba kale, koma isanayambe kugwira ntchito kwathunthu. Kuchita chonde kwambiri kumachitika, kumachepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi zovuta, chifukwa kuubwana thupi limaloleza kuchitapo kanthu maopaleshoni.
Palibe malingaliro okhwima pankhaniyi, komanso contraindication yopanda pake pakuwongoletsa usinkhu wokhwima.
Osameta chinyama chomwe chafika zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi zisanu ndi zitatuchifukwa mphaka wachikulire sangakhale ndi opareshoni.
Kulawitsa koyambirira mu Amphaka, komwe sanakonzekere kubereka ana, sikuti amangopulumutsa eni ake nyamazo kuchokera pazovuta zina zofunika kuzisunga, komanso zimalepheretsa kuchitika kwa matenda m'mimba ndi m'chiberekero.
Ziwerengero zimasonyezanso kuti mwa akazi omwe amakhala osawilitsidwa akadali aang'ono, zotupa zam'mawere sizachilendo.
Chifukwa chake pochita ovariogysterectomy (opaleshoni yochotsa thumba losunga mazira ndi chiberekero) isanayambike estrus yoyamba, kuthekera kwa chotupa cha bere kumakhala kochepa kuposa 0.5%. Ngati njirayi ikuchitika pambuyo pa estrus woyamba, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo chimakwera mpaka 8%, itatha yachiwiri - 26%.
Njira zazikulu
Timalongosola njira zinayi zofunika zodzilimbitsa.. Kwa akazi, njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri kuposa yaimuna, koma imachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala oletsa kupweteka ndipo siopweteka. Zofanana ndi zosiyana zikufotokozedwa pansipa.
1. Njira yapamwamba. Mwanjira imeneyi, pamimba pamadulidwa mzere woyera wammimba 2-3 cm pansi pa msomali. Kutalika kwa chogwirira sikupitirira masentimita 3. Chiberekero chimachotsedwa, ma ligature amamuyika m'matumbo, ndiye kuti chiberekero ndi mazira amachotsedwa. Msoko umasiyidwa kwa masiku 7-10, kenako umachotsedwa kapena umadzipukusa.
2. Chowilitsa kudzera ofananira nawo. Njirayi siyosiyana ndi yakale kwambiri. Kusiyanitsa kokha ndikuti kupangika kumapangidwa pambali. Njirayi imawonedwa ngati yowopsa, chifukwa imachepetsa chiopsezo chotaya magazi. Choipa chake ndikuti nthawi zina kudzera mu mawonekedwe ofanana sizingatheke kuchotsa chiberekero, chomwe chimapangitsa ntchito kuti ichitike. Msoko pamenepa sufuna chisamaliro ndikuchiritsa mwachangu kuposa wapamwamba.
3. Njira Yodula Yochepa Kwambiri. Poterepa, mawonekedwe amkati amapangidwa mkati mwa m'mimba ndi kutalika kwa sentimita imodzi. Ndikoko yomwe ili ndi maopaleshoni apadera imatsitsidwa ndikuyika, yomwe imagwira ndikukoka chiberekero kudzera m'mimba. Monga momwe zinalili kale, kuchotsa ziwalo kwathunthu ndikotheka.
4. Njira ya laparoscopic. Njira yochepetsetsa kwambiri, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zida za endoscopic, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi woti musayike. Njira imeneyi ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo sapezeka kuchipatala chachipatala chilichonse.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amavulaza thupi la mphaka, chifukwa chake opaleshoni ndiyabwino.
Makonda akuyenera kuperekedwa ku njira yolangizidwa ndi veterinarian, popeza luso la veterinary lofunika, m'malo mwazabwino za njira inayake. Dalirani katswiri wodalirika ndipo zonse sizingachitike.
Kufotokozera kwa njirayi
Sterilization ndi opareshoni yomwe imachitika pansi pa opaleshoni yachilengedwe ndipo imakhala yopereka mbali zamkati (zolowetsa ngalande zam'mimba kapena machubu a fallopian, kuchotsa thumba losunga mazira). Kutumiza kumatanthawuza kutulutsa kwathunthu (kuyesa mu mphaka, ndi thumba losunga mazira ndi chiberekero).
Awo. Samisili ndi kutulutsa ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale kuti m'masiku onse oyamba amatchulidwa kuti akazi, ndipo wachiwiri kwa amuna.
Ngati chiweto sichinapangidwe kuti chiziswana, ndiye kuti ntchito ndi chipulumutso cha nyamayo ndi mwini wake. Mphaka umakhala pansi, ukuleka kugona, abambo ayima. Mnyumbamo zinthu zimasokonekera, zinthu zomwe zimakwiyitsa m'nyumba zimatha, chifukwa chachikazi chosakhala chodzikongoletsa kapena champhongo chosasenda chimatha kusiya maonekedwe onunkhira, nthawi zambiri amakhala mwaukali, amafuula mokweza.
Njirayi imakhala ndi phindu pa thanzi la mphaka, nthawi zambiri imakhala yotalikirapo ndipo imapulumutsa ku matenda a urogenital sphere, omwe posakhalitsa amatha kupeza chifukwa chodontha "zopanda pake". Kupanda kutero, kubadwa kwa ana opanda ntchito kuli m'tsogolo.
Zoyipa zokha za njirayi ndizovuta masiku awiri oyamba atagonana, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika popanda zotsatirapo zake. Nthawi zina kusintha kwa ma horoni kumachitika. Koma zotulukapo zake (kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri) zimakonzedwa mosavuta ndi zakudya zosankhidwa bwino.
Ku chipatalako: zabwino komanso zowawa
Kuthandizira kuchipatala kuli ndi zabwino zake. Pali zida ndi mankhwala zofunika, zomwe zingathandize popewa zovuta zilizonse. Ngozi zomwe zingachitike zimachepetsedwa.
Mbali yabwinoko ya kachipangizidwe ndimatenda omwe mphaka umakumana nawo panthawi yoyendera komanso kukhala pamalo osadziwika.
Sterilization kunyumba: zabwino ndi mavuto
Kugwira ntchito kunyumba sikusiyana m'njira zophera. Ubwino wake ndi kuti mphaka amakhala wodekha kuti akhale m'malo mwake. Izi ndizothandiza kwa mwini wake, chifukwa njirayi imatha kuperekedwa nthawi iliyonse.
Kuchepetsa ubwamuna kunyumba - kuonetsetsa kuti nyansi sizitha. Zolakwika pokonza chiweto kuti chichitidwe opaleshoni zimatha kuyambitsa matenda pachilonda ndi zovuta zina zotsatirapo zake.
Kukonzekera nyama
Maola 12-14 musanachite opareshoni, simungathe kudyetsa mphaka, m'mimba mulibe kanthu. Kwa maola 4, simuyenera konse kuloleza kugwiritsa ntchito madzi. Nthawi zina amphaka amapatsidwa zonunkhira zamafuta odzola patsiku, izi zimatsuka matumbo ndikukonzekeretsa thupi chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Ngati njira yolera yotsekera ikuchitika kunyumba, konzekerani malo pasadakhale. Ili ndi tebulo lotalika mwapakatikati ndikukula kwambiri kuti mukwaniritse zonse zomwe mukufuna. Chipindacho sichikhala ndi zokongoletsa kapena kutentha kwambiri.
Kusamalira Mphaka
Kusamalira mphaka utamalizidwa kukhala wovuta Ndikofunika kuyang'anira chiweto chanu mwachidwi ndikutsatira malangizowo.
Amphaka amachoka pambuyo pa opaleshoni kwa pafupifupi tsiku limodzi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba pambuyo pa kulowererapo, perekani mphaka ndi mtendere. Kuti muchite izi, konzani malo apadera komwe kudzakhale kotentha pamalo opingasa. Ndikofunika kuti mphaka isagwere dzuwa, izi zimavutitsa nyama yovulala.
M'mahora oyamba pambuyo pa ntchito yolera yotsekera, mphaka adzakhala wosazindikira. Akakhala kuti sakhazikika, samatseka maso, choncho muyenera kuwapaka mchere ndi mphindi 10 zilizonse kuti musafooke.
M'masiku otsatirawo a 7-10, yang'anirani momwe seamswo alili. Azikhala oyera ndiuma. Kutupa kakang'ono kumaloledwa m'masiku angapo oyamba. Onaninso dokotala nthawi yomweyo mukamathandizira kapena kunyowetsa suture. Seams amathandizidwa ndi yankho la chlorhexidine kapena hydrogen peroxide. Zimatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri kuti zitheke bwino.
Ndikofunika kugula bulangeti la postoperative ku chipatala chanyama.
Chifukwa chiyani samawiritsa nyama?
Zachidziwikire, aliyense amene amasunga mphaka m'nyumba mwake posakhalitsa, amakumana ndi vuto pomwe, kuchokera kwa nyama yabwino, yosalala, panthawi yabwino nyama imasandulika cholengedwa nthawi zonse kukuwa ndi kukuwa usana ndi usiku. Nthawi yotere kwa omwe akukalandira imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Usiku wopanda kugona, kudyetsa mosalekeza kumapangitsa eni eni kuti asankhe - chochita ndi nyama yothandizira, chifukwa kumvetsera ndikuyang'ana zonsezi sizikhala zovuta.
Kodi pali njira ina?
Ena amathamangira kumalo osungirako ziweto zapafupi kapena mapiritsi a "matsenga", atagwiritsa ntchito, nyamayo imatsika pansi ngati kuti ikuyenda ndi mafunde amatsenga ndipo moyo wamtendere komanso wosangalatsa ubwerera kwa eni. Eni ake, atatembenukira kwa veterinarian kuti athandizidwe, amapatsa jakisoni jakisoni wa mahomoni, amene amachepetsa kupezeka kwa kugonana kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kuyambira miyezi 3-6 mpaka chaka chimodzi. Ndipo, pomaliza, ena mwa eni ake, poganiza kuti gawo laling'ono kwambiri la iwo, amatembenukira kuzipatala zamankhwala kuti akathandizire amphaka.
Mphaka ayenera kukhala wodetsedwa zaka zingati?
Mu mankhwala azoweta chinyama, pali mgwirizano pa nthawi yomwe mphaka sangathe. Veterinarians amakhulupirira kuti ndikofunikira kupopera chinyama pambuyo pokhazikitsa maliseche. Ndi lingaliro lolakwika kuti simuyenera kudikira mpaka maliseche atapangidwa, chifukwa amapanga mahomoni ofunikira pakukula kwachamoyo.
Monga lamulo, mphakayo samayesedwa kuyambira azaka za miyezi 6-7.
Pa nthawi ya mphaka, mphaka umatha kulimbana ndi nyama zina, kuwononga mipando, malo a chizindikiro, kumveka mawu achisoni, kukopa amuna. Thupi la mphaka limapanikizika nthawi imeneyi, ndichifukwa chake amakhulupirira kuti m'badwo wabwino kwambiri wotseketsa mphaka ndi miyezi 6-7. Njira yolerera idapangidwa kale, koma nyamayo sinakonzekere kubereka.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuchita njira ya ziweto zosakwana zaka 6. Ntchito yothimbirira imachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kupindika. Mankhwalawa amakhudza mtima, impso, chiwindi, pomwe ali ndimwana wochepera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ziwalozi, monga njira yobala yonse, sizinapangidwebe bwino. Izi zimathandizira kwambiri kuvulaza thupi la nyama.
Komanso, akatswiri owona za ziweto amaganiza kuti ndi zaka zoyenera kwambiri kuchita mbatata kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi itatu mpaka chaka.
Pochita ntchito yolera yotseketsa pambuyo pake, pali zovuta:
- Mimba yosakonzekera ndiyotheka. Mitundu ina yamphaka yomwe imakula msanga imatha kutenga pakati isanakwanitse miyezi isanu ndi itatu.
- Mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe. Chizindikiro cholemba chizindikiridwe m'gawo kapena "kuyenda" chitha kukhalabe ngati njira yolera yotseketsa itatha kutentha koyamba kwa nyama.
- More opaleshoni yovuta.
Nthawi yomweyo, pali zabwino zina pochita njira yolera yotseketsa amphaka azaka za 6-7.
- Mimba yosafunikira siyotheka.
- Kuchepa kwa khansa ya m'mawere kumachepa.
- Kutalika kwakanthawi kwa opareshoni.
- Mtengo wotsika wa njirayi.
Dziwani zambiri zokhuza kukonzekera ntchito yothandizira kupha mphaka, komanso zabwino ndi zovuta za njirayi.
Kodi amphaka amafunikira njira yolera yotseketsa?
Tiyeni tiwone kusankha koyenera. Nthawi ya kutha kwa amphaka imawonedwa ali ndi miyezi 7-8. Mwa ena, nthawi imeneyi imayamba ali mwana, ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pakadali pano, ma gonads (thumba losunga mazira) la mphaka limayamba kubisala mahomoni ogonana mwachangu m'magazi - estrogens. Pazochita zawo, mphaka akuwoneka kuti ndi "zachilendo" zomwe tonsefe timazolowera kuwona zomwe zimadetsa nkhawa eni ake. Kutengera ndi kutentha kwa nyama, kutalika ndi ntchito ya nthawi yotuluka imatha kusiyanasiyana ndipo imakonda kuyambira masiku angapo mpaka masabata 1-2. Munthawi imeneyi, ziwalo zonse za kubereka zazinyama, mothandizidwa ndi chilengedwe, zimayamba kukonzekera kutenga pakati komanso kutulutsa. Ngati mphaka sukutuluka, ndiye kuti imatsika, ndipo m'thupi lake wina timalo timalo timalo. progesteronechifukwa chake m'moyo wake komanso m'moyo wa eni eni masiku amabwera achimwemwe. Patsamba lotere ndimakonda kunena kuti "wasowa". Chiwerengero cha "ntchito" zoterezi chimatha kufikira kangapo pachaka, ngakhale ndizovomerezeka kuti amphaka ndi a nyama zokongoletsa (chiwonetsero cha kuzungulira kwa kugonana chimawonedwa kawiri pachaka). Nthawi yotere mu moyo wa mphaka imakhala yovuta kwambiri ndipo imapangitsa kuti nyamayo ipulumuke kwambiri. "Zotulutsa" zanthawi yonse yamoyo ndi kusokoneza kapena kubereka mozungulira nthawi yobala, momwe eni ambiri amakonda, kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi kapena "matsenga", kapena jakisoni wa mahomoni, zimawononga thanzi la chiweto mutakula, ndipo nthawi zina koyambirira zaka za moyo.
Zonsezi zimabweretsa zotsatira zosasinthika komanso kumatuluka kwa matenda oyipa monga endometritis, pyometritis (purulent kutupa kwa chiberekero), glandular-cystic endometrial hyperplasia, ovarian cysts, oorran chotupa ndi ena Kuti apewe mavuto omwe ali pamwambapa ndi thanzi la amphaka, akatswiri azowona za nyama amafunikira kuchita magwiridwe antchito kuti ameteze amphaka. Iyi ndi njira yopanda opaleshoni yopanda vuto, mtundu wa zotsatira zake zomwe zimatengera makamaka zomwe dokotala wamudziwa.
Kuchokera pazomwe tafotokozazi, mawu omaliza amadzitsimikizira okha: mukapeza mphaka kapena mphaka wamkulu - sankhani chomwe mumatenga. Pangakhale mayi wosamala za ana amtsogolo, koma kenako udindo waukulu wamtsogolo wa ana udzagwa paphewa panu, kuti akadzakula apeze eni wodalirika omwe amawasamalira ndikuwakonda. Kapena mphaka udzakhala bwenzi lako lokhalo lokhulupirika ndi lokhulupirika ndipo chiyembekezo chake kuchokera kwa ana ake sichikuphatikizidwa mu mapulani ako. Poterepa, onetsetsani kuti mphaka wanu amakhala ndi moyo wodekha, wathanzi komanso wosangalala, chifukwa chake muyenera kuchita opareshoni yothira nyama. Osamavulaza thanzi la nyama pogwiritsa ntchito njira zakulera ndikuchichotsa pakubwezeretsa kuvutika komanso mwina kufa.
Njira yina yowonekera pa msinkhu woyenera wa mphaka chifukwa cha kudzimbiritsa
Akatswiri ochokera ku American Veterinary Association amakhulupirira kuti njira zolera zoyamba (mpaka miyezi isanu) sizikhudzanso thanzi la mphaka. Australia ili ndi lamulo loti aliyense wa amphaka aziwachotsa asanakwanitse milungu 12.Komabe, zamankhwala zamakedzana zamakolo komanso masukulu ambiri azowona zanyama padziko lapansi amaziona kuti ndizotheka komanso zoyenera kuchitapo opaleshoni yothira amphaka osapitilira miyezi isanu.
Kubzala mbatata zoyambirira kumatha kudzetsa kukula kwa ziwalo "zachikazi" monga zotupa ndi zotulutsa. Malo ogulitsa ana onenepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi vuto lotsogola amakhala atha kutenga kachilomboka ndikuwotcha mkodzo. Pankhaniyi, zovuta zina zoyipa za thupi la mphaka ndizotheka:
- mavuto ndi genitourinary system,
- mavuto mu kukula kwa thupi chifukwa chosowa mahomoni
- hypoglycemia.
Kodi ndikofunika kuchita opareshoni pazaka zingati?
Chifukwa chake tidatsimikiza kuti ntchito yopezetsa amphaka si zovulaza zokha, komanso yothandiza kwa nyama zomwe sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka. Tsopano tiyeni tichitane ndi funso la nthawi yabwino yogwirayo. Ili ndi limodzi mwamafunso omwe alendo omwe amafunsidwa ku chipatala chathu amafunsira kuti akachite opareshoni chinyama chawo. Mwa ambiri okhala ndi ziweto, obereketsa ndi oweta ziweto, pali lingaliro loti mphaka aliyense m'moyo wake amayenera kubala ana kamodzi kokha kuti amve wathanzi komanso wosangalala kwa moyo wake wonse. Kutengera ndi zomwe ndakumana nazo komanso malingaliro a akatswiri owona za ziweto, ndikufuna ndikutsimikizireni kuti sizili choncho. Kuphatikiza apo, kudziwitsa koyambirira kumakhala ndi phindu pa thanzi la mphaka komanso kutalikitsa moyo wake. Zaka zoyenera kwambiri zogwira ntchito yanyama ndi kuyambira pa miyezi 6 mpaka 6 mpaka 7-8. Ino ndi nthawi ya moyo lisanachitike chiwonetsero cha zizindikiro zoyambira kutha msinkhu. M'mawu osavuta - mpaka nthawi yomwe kitty imayamba kugudubuzika pansi, chepetsa mofuula komanso mwamphamvu ndikuthawira mumsewu.
Momwe mungasamalire mphaka pambuyo pa mankhwala ochita kupanga
Maola ochepa okha nyamayo imachoka ku opaleshoni. Kutentha kwa thupi kumakhala kotsika madigiri angapo, ndiye kuti pambuyo pa opareshoni mphaka imakulungidwa ndi chidutswa kapena thaulo. Amayikidwa malo otentha kunyumba, koma osati pa sofa kapena mpando. Ziwetozi, zomwe sizinachoke pamankhwala osokoneza bongo, sizikhala ndi malo oyenera ndipo zimatha kugwa kuchokera kumtunda. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mphaka sichiwotcha kapena kusilira gawo la msoko. Kuti achite izi, amapeza bulangete yapadera, makamaka ziweto zogwira ntchito zimavala "kolala ya Elizabeti."
Veterinarian yemwe adachita ntchito yothiririra amapereka malingaliro pa chithandizo cha matenda omwe amtulutsa, nawonso amatanthauza njira yothandizira maantibayotiki.
Mumphaka zothimbirira, chikhalidwe chachilendo chimawonedwa masiku awiri awiri atatha opaleshoni. Amatha kukhala owopsa, kenako mwadzidzidzi amayamba kuthamanga kuzungulira nyumba, zonsezi zimachitika chifukwa cha zomwe akuchita opaleshoni.
Maola 3-4 atatha ntchito, mphaka imatha kupatsidwa madzi, koma ndibwino kuyamba kudyetsa pambuyo pa tsiku. Monga gawo la chakudya liyenera kukhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri.
Pambuyo pakuchita chimbudzi, kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa ndi mphaka kumayenera kuyendetsedwa ndi eni eni, popeza amphaka osawilitsidwa samatulutsa timadzi tambiri tomwe timayang'anira kulakalaka kudya.
Pambuyo pa njira yolera yotseketsa, sikulimbikitsidwa kupereka:
Zotsatirazi ndizothandiza kwambiri:
- kefir mafuta ochepa,
- skim tchizi,
- masamba.
Komanso, atatha kusawitsa, veterinarians samalimbikitsa kuti asamagwiritse ntchito bwino chimanga, chifukwa ali ndi magnesium. Kuchuluka kwa izo mthupi kumadzetsa maonekedwe amiyala ya impso mu nyama.
Kukonzekera
Njira yakukonzekereratu izikhala yosiyana zaka komanso momwe thupi liliri. Apa mutha kusiyanitsa nyengo isanathe, nthawi yomwe mwatha msanga muli mwana, nthawi yaukalamba ndi ukalamba.
Ali mwana, pamene mphaka sichikumana ndi zokondweretsa zonse za kutha msinkhu, pofika nthawi yovutitsa mayiyo ayenera kukhala wathanzi, ayenera kupatsidwa katemera wopatsirana pasanathe milungu 3-4 asanafike opareshoni, ndipo ayenera kukhala wokalamba pa kudya kwa maola 12.
Mkulu, atatha msinkhu, ntchito yolera yotseketsa ndiyotheka kuichita panthawi yokhala chete ya nyama, pomwe zizindikiro zonse zakukwatiwa sizitchulidwa, kuti pang'onong'ono pang'onopang'ono ziwonjezeke. Nyama iyeneranso kukhala yathanzi, yopatsidwa katemera, ndikupitiliza kudya kwa maola 12.
Ponena za kukonza nyama yokhwima ndi yachikulire, njirayi, monga lamulo, imatenga nthawi yochulukirapo komanso khama kwa mwini ndi chiweto chokha. Pofika pano, amphaka ambiri ali ndi njira zobisika za thupi, zomwe, atamufufuza kunja, adokotala sangaziwulule, chifukwa chake sangayese kuchuluka kwa chiopsezo ku thanzi ndi moyo wa nyama. Kuteteza chiweto momwe chingathere ku zotsatira zoyipa za ntchito, dokotalayo amalembera mayeso mwatsatanetsatane, omwe akuphatikizapo: kuyezetsa magazi kwazachipatala, kuyezetsa kwamwazi wamagazi, kusanthula mkodzo kwathunthu, ultrasound, ECG, x-ray. Kutengera ndi zotsatira za mayeso, posakhala ndi ma pathologies obisika, dokotalayo amapereka lingaliro la kusankha kapena kukana opaleshoniyo. Ngati lingaliro liperekedwa m'malo mwake ndi ntchito yolera yotseketsa, ndiye kuti nthawi yomweyo mphakayo imasungidwanso chakudya chamafuta 12.
Mawonekedwe a ntchito yolera yotseketsa
Nthawi yokonzekera yatha, mphaka ali wathanzi, watemera, wadutsa maphunziro onse ofunikira ndipo ali pachakudya chodyera maola 12. Pambuyo pokhapokha nyama imapita patebulo logwiritsira ntchito. Pa opaleshoni kuti muchepetse amphaka, malamulo onse a asepsis ndi antiseptics amawonedwa - zida zopangira maopaleshoni ndi zithupsa zimaphikidwa ndikuthira mankhwala. Chipinda chogwiriramo matendawa chimagwira opareshoni, opareshoniyo imachitidwa mosamalitsa magolovesi osabala. Dokotalayo amapatsira nyamayo jakisoni zingapo, kenako igona. Munda wogwira ntchito ukukonzedwa (gawo lofunikira la tsitsi limetedwa, ndikutsatiridwa ndi disinfection, chopukutira chosabala chimayikidwa). Opaleshoni imayamba.
Pali njira ziwiri zopangira opaleshoni: pakati pamimba (pafupi ndi "mzere yoyera", pansi pa msomali), yodulidwa pakhungu, minofu yolowera ndi peritoneum, mbali yapansi pamimba, yodulidwa khungu, minyewa yodutsa, kupindika kwa minofu ndi mafinya. . Mu chipatala chathu, ntchito zotere zimachitika nthawi zambiri. Izi ndichifukwa chofikira mwayi wothandizirana, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa malo ogwiridwapo, zabwino, ngakhale kuchiritsa kwa zomwe zikuwoneka. Kuchita opareshoni kumachitidwa mwina ndikuchotsa thumba losunga mazira lokha (ovariectomy), kapena ndikuchotsa thumba losunga mazira ndi chiberekero (ovariogysterectomy). Kusankhidwa kwa njira inayake kumagwirizana makamaka ndi msinkhu wa nyama. Ngati mphaka ndi yaying'ono, osabereka ndipo koposa zonse, ngati sichinafikire kutha msinkhu, ndiye kuti njira yoyamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma ngati chiwetocho mu ukalamba kapena ukalamba, kubadwa mobwerezabwereza kunadziwika, ndiye njira yachiwiri ndikoyenera kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha khansa ndi matenda oyipa mu chiberekero mtsogolo. Opaleshoniyo idayenda bwino, opaleshoni sutures, bandeji imayikidwa pakanyama - bulangeti la postoperative. Pofuna kupewa zovuta za postoperative, mankhwala opha ululu ndi antibacterial amaperekedwa. Opaleshoni yamtundu wa amphaka, kuyambira opaleshoni mpaka sutting, imatenga pafupifupi mphindi 30 mpaka 45.
Chowongolera zamankhwala
Pali njira inanso yothetsera vutoli - mankhwala. Thumba losunga mazira la nyama limayatsidwa ndi cheza linalake, atatha kuchita izi amasiya kugwira ntchito zawo. Ziwalo zotsalira za mphaka ndizotetezedwa, zimakutidwa ndi ma sheet.
Ubwino wotsatira njira zolera:
- palibe bala mthupi
- chiopsezo chotenga matenda ndi kutupa
- Nthawi yobwezeretsa mwachangu.
Choyipa chachikulu cha njirayi ndi kuwonongera kwa mankhwala ndi kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa masiku onse. Kuchuluka kwa ma radiation kumaopseza kufa kwa nyamayo, koma zoterezi zimatheka pokhapokha pachitika cholakwika chamankhwala.
Nthawi yogwira ntchito
Nyama yoyendetsedwayo iyenera kuvala zinyalala zopanda madzi, popeza kuti, chifukwa cha opaleshoni, siyilamulira kayendedwe kakepi. Mpaka galu atadzuka, ndikofunikira nthawi zonse (mphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri zilizonse) kupukutira maso ake ndi njira yotsekera eyel. Kupanda kutero, ziphuphu za diso zitha kuwoneka ndipo kutupa kumachitika. Kunyumba, mphaka uyenera kuyikidwa pansi mchipinda chotseguka bwino. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa opaleshoniyo mpaka kudzutsidwa kwa nyamayo, pafupifupi mphindi 30 mpaka maola 2-3 zimadutsa. Chikumbumtima chikangobwerera ku mphaka, chitha kukhala chofunitsitsa kupita kwina, kuyesera kudumpha kumalo okwezeka, kapena kubisala m'malo obisika. Musalole kuti iye asunthire kwambiri ndipo makamaka adumphe. Eni ake nthawi yonse yomwe akudzutsa amakhala ndi manja m'manja.
Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, nyama nthawi zambiri zimawuma, motero ndibwino kuziphimba ndi pepala kapena bulangeti lowala. Kudyetsa patsikuli kuyenera kusiyidwa kwathunthu, koma madzi azikhala nthawi zonse. Tsiku loyamba pambuyo pa opareshoni ndi lomwe lili ndi udindo koposa kwa eni, ndiye kuti zingakhale bwino ngati bizinesi yonseyo itayimikidwa tsiku lomwelo ndipo chidwi chanu chonse chiliperekedwa kwa mphaka. Kuyambira tsiku lachiwiri, ndibwino kuti chinyama chizigwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zimapangidwa zakudya zopatsa thanzi zama makampani a premium kapena super premium: Royal Canin, Proplan, Hills, chifukwa chake, thirakiti la m'mimba limabwezeretsedwa, mkhalidwe wachilengedwe umakhala bwino.
Komanso, tsiku litatha ntchito yolera yotseketsa, chiwetocho chimayenera kupatsidwa jakisoni wothandizila ndi michere yoyatsidwa ndi antiseptic (hydrogen peroxide 3%). Chithandizo chaubongo chimayenera kuchitika tsiku lililonse mpaka adotolo awachotse. Zovuta zimachotsedwa patsiku la 8-10 pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Nthawi imeneyi, mphaka uyenera kukhala bulangeti kuti tipewe kununkha komanso kukukutira. Poyamba, nyamayo ikakhala bandeji, itha kukhala yosamasuka, kugona nthawi zonse, kuyesera kuyichotsa, nyama zina zimabwereranso. Pambuyo pochotsa zofunda, nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika mutachotsa chinsalu, zochitika ndi mawonekedwe a chiweto chimabwezeretsedwa bwino.
Sterilization, nthawi zambiri, mwanjira iliyonse, sizingakhudze chikhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe a nyamayo, koma eni ake amazindikira kuti nyamazo zimakhazikika, zimakhala zofatsa komanso zimakondana.
Dziwani za mtengo wothandizirana ndi mphaka ku Veterinary Clinic ZooVet.
Chifukwa chiyani komanso liti?
Kwa zaka zambiri, kutsutsana kwakhala kukuchitika pakati pa veterinarians za kufunika kochita chimbudzi komanso ngati kuli koyenera kuumba. Palibe yankho limodzi ku funso ili. Chifukwa chake, ena amatsutsa kuti kuponyedwa (khunyu) ndikofunikira mukamakula sikunachitike. Ena amakhulupirira kuti opaleshoniyo siyenera kuchitidwa pasanathe miyezi 9-12 kuchokera pakubadwa.
Zindikirani! Ngakhale atakhala zaka zambiri pamikangano, pali malingaliro oti m'badwo wabwino kwambiri wotseketsa mphaka ulipo isanafike woyamba.
Posakhalitsa, eni kukongoletsa amakumana ndi estrus komanso chikhumbo chosaletseka cha mphaka kukumana ndi mphaka. Nthawi zambiri, eni ake samakambirana ndi akatswiri, koma pitani kumalo osungira nyama kuti mukagule mankhwala kuti muchepetse kulira kwanthawi yachisangalalo ndi chiwetocho.
Njirayi imawopseza zotsatira zoyipa, popeza mulingo woyenera wa chinthucho, komanso msambo wa galu, zomwe thupi lake silichita sizingachitike. Kuphatikiza apo, mukamamwa mankhwala a mahomoni, thanzi la mphaka limatha kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndikuyambitsa zovuta.
Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri zomwe zimachitika ndi mankhwala omwewo ndi awa:
- neoplasms yoyipa m'dera la malo a ziwalo za m'chiuno,
- kusintha kwa cystic
- zosokoneza pakugwira ntchito kwa thupi.
Ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse kuti pakakhala kuti mulibe chidwi chodzalandira mwana kuchokera ku mphaka m'tsogolomo, ndikofunikira kuchititsa kuti nyama ikhale chosawilitsidwa. Izi kupewa izi posankha mphindi yabwino. Musadzitonthoze nokha ndi chiyembekezo choti kudzitsuka ndi njira yopanda vuto iliyonse. Koma ndi njira yoyenera komanso veterinarian wodziwa bwino ntchito zake, zotsatirazi zitha kupewedwa mosavuta.
Kutengera ndi malamulo onse, kuthekera kwazovuta pambuyo povunditsidwa kumachepetsedwa kukhala 0,3% ya milandu ndipo thupi la mphaka limabwezeretsedwa kwathunthu pambuyo masiku 7-10.Kuchenjerera kwa mphaka, komwe kumakula kwambiri, kumathandizira kuti nyamayo ikhale yotupa, yoweta komanso yaulesi.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa chisamaliro choyenera ndi chakudya cha ziweto kuti tipewe zovuta monga kunenepa kwambiri, kusokonekera kwa mtima ndi dongosolo la mtima lochokera kumbuyo komwe kunenepa kwambiri komanso kusachita zolimbitsa thupi.
Zaka zabwino kwambiri zokomera chimbudzi
Nthawi yakutha mu amphaka imasiyana ndi ziweto zina. Mphaka akafika zaka 6-9, amamuona ngati wokhwima ndipo amatha kubereka ana.
M'malo ena amphaka, chifukwa cha momwe thupi limakhalira, kutha msanga kumachitika mwina kale - ali ndi zaka 4.5 - 6 miyezi. Nthawiyi imadziwika ndi kutulutsidwa mwachangu kwa zinthu zamagulu ogonana zomwe zimagwera m'magazi - estrogens (zopangidwa ndi thumba losunga mazira) Mothandizidwa ndi mahomoni enaake, pamakhala mkhalidwe womwe umapangitsa kuti mphaka asokoneze mwiniwake - amayamba kukalipira mwamunayo ndi kumuuza kuti atuluke m'nyumba.
Kutengera ndi mtundu ndi kutentha kwa nyama, nthawi yowonjezereka ikuchokera masiku awiri mpaka awiri. Nyengoyo imadziwika chifukwa chakuti ziwalo zonse zothandizira kubereka zikukonzekera bwino njira yodziwika bwino ya kubereka ndi kubereka kwina kwa mazira omata. Ngati mphaka sichitika, ndiye kuti mahomoni enanso, progesterone, omwe amachititsa kuchepa kwa kusaka, amayamba kupanga thupi.
Zindikirani! Nthawi yomwe mphaka sichichitika, obereketsa akatswiri amachitcha nthawi yopanda pake. Nthawi zotere zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa zochitika zam'magazi, zomwe zimakhudza thupi lonse la mphaka.
Nthawi zambiri, eni ziweto amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi osiyanasiyana ndi madontho omwe amachepetsa kutulutsidwa kwa mahomoni m'thupi, potero kupewa kutuluka kwa estrus. Mtsogolomo, zochitika zamatenda monga endometritis, pyometritis, cystic hyperplasia ya makoma a chiberekero, mawonekedwe a cystic pamimba losunga mazira. Mutha kuteteza mphaka pakubwezeretsa panthawi yake.
M'badwo wabwino kwambiri wolera yotseketsa ulipo isanafike woyamba. Uwu ndi m'badwo pamene mphaka wafika kale kutha, koma kubereka sikunayambe. Nthawi zambiri, avareji ya msika womwe njira yabwino kwambiri yotsekerera ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ngati mphaka wa mphaka wayamba kale, muyenera kuyesetsa kuti musalole kutenga pakati.
Zindikirani! Pa estrus, ndizoletsedwa kuchitira opaleshoni njira yakulera, popeza kuti chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a pathological sichingapewe.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbeu zizisalala ku Britain ndi ku Scottish
Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuthana ndi amphaka achi Britain ndi aku Scottish ali ndi zaka 8 mpaka 12. Izi ndichifukwa choti pamsika uwu nyamayi imafika pa kutha msambo, ndipo thupi limapangidwa mokwanira kuti litha kupirira opereshoni ndikuchita opaleshoni yamatumbo.
Kuphatikiza apo, azimayi aku Britain ndi aku Scottish amathothomoka pang'onopang'ono kuposa abale awo, koma kudziwiritsa pachiwonetsero kumapewetsa nkhawa. Amphaka pambuyo pakuchotsa chiberekero ndi zowonjezera zimatha kuwonetsa zizindikiritso za kugonana..Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti kuchotsera maliseche, chamba cha pituitary chimatha kugwira ntchito yopanga mahomoni. Chifukwa chake, mwa kudziyesa kosakonzekera, mwininyumbayo sangathetse khalidwe lakwiyilo la mphaka.
Makamaka chidwi ziyenera kulipidwa pazakudya zamtunduwu. Amakhala ndi chidwi chambiri, ndipo pambuyo pa opareshoni, kunenepa kwambiri m'mphaka izi zimachitika mwachangu. Kuti mupewe kunenepa kwambiri m'makati amphaka, ndikulimbikitsidwa kufunsa ndi veterinarian pazakudya zoyenera, komanso kukulitsa masewera olimbitsa thupi mphamvu.
Pogula mphaka kapena wachikulire, mwiniwakeyo ayenera kusankha yekha zomwe akufuna kuchita. Mphaka ungagulidwe kuti uberekere komanso kubereka. Zikatero, muyenera kumvetsetsa udindo wa tsoka la ana amphaka akadzabadwa ndikukula.
Nthawi inanso, mphaka amapezeka kuti amangokhala bwenzi lokhulupirika ndi lokondedwa, ndipo kudikirira mwana sikuphatikizidwa. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi yomweyo onetsetsani kuti mphakayo ndiwosawilitsidwa, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi njira zakulera za nyama, mwiniwakeyo akuchotsa nyamayo kuzunza ndi kuvutitsa. Nthawi zambiri zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kugonana ndikukula kwa matenda owopsa komanso imfa.
Oyambirira kuwongolera
Kunja, njirayi yakhala ikuchitika kale. Zili choncho chifukwa chakuti ana amphaka osakwanitsa milungu isanu ndi umodzi mpaka miyezi inayi kapena isanu amathandizidwa ndi opaleshoni. Koma mdziko lathu lino, njira zolera zoyambirira zangoyambiranso.
Malinga ndi akatswiri ena azaka zapamadzi, pochotsa ziwalozi pakadali pano, mphaka samachita bwino. Otsutsa awo amateteza malingaliro akuti, m'malo mwake, nyamayo imakula bwino komanso yolimba komanso yosavuta kulekerera njirayo.
Kuchotsa ziwalo zamkati patatha chaka chimodzi
Malingaliro akuti ndibwino kusanjikiza mphaka itadula kawiri kapena katatu, ndipo nthawi zina itabadwa kamodzi kapena kawiri, imakhala ndi othandizira komanso otsutsa.
Chikazi chimafika pachimake pakupanga thupi, chimapulumuka mkuntho wa m'madzi ndipo ngati chimangidwa ndi mphaka, chimatenga pakati ndikubala ana amphaka. Pankhaniyi, adakali aang'ono kwambiri kuti athe kuchitidwa opareshoni.
Choyipa cha m'badwo uno chitha kukhala chinthu chimodzi chokha - mating sichinalembedwe, ndipo kittens idabadwa yopanda zikalata. Ayenera kusamalidwa ndikugawidwa. Pankhaniyi, amakhala osadetsedwa, ngakhale atabadwa kuchokera kwa makolo osankhika.
Kodi m'badwo wabwino ndiwotani?
Ma veterinarians ambiri amavomereza kuti miyezi isanu ndi iwiri mpaka isanu ndi inayi ndiyoyeso yabwino kwambiri yolera yotseketsa.
Amakhulupirira kuti ndi njira yolera yotseketsa koyambirira, imakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha mavuto obwera chifukwa cha opaleshoni, chifukwa mphaka yokhala ndi thupi losalimba imakhala yovuta kuchitidwa opareshoni.
Pali ziwonetsero zina kuti ndikubzala koyambirira, amuna ndi akazi satenga kukula kwa mtundu wawo.
Mutha kuwiritsa chonde nyama pakatha miyezi 9 mpaka 12, koma machitidwe azachipatala akuwonetsa kuti ndibwino kuchita izi kale. Pambuyo pa estrus woyamba, chiopsezo cha zovuta zimakula ndi 10%, pambuyo pa estrus yachiwiri, chiwerengerochi chikuwonjezeka.
Kodi amphaka angadalitsidwe kwa zaka zingati?
Polumikizana ndi dokotala wazinyama ndi chinyama chomwe chafika chaka chimodzi ndi theka mpaka zaka ziwiri, dokotalayo ayenera kufufuza kaye zonse za chiwetocho. Pokhapokha atapereka lingaliro lake pa zaumoyo, ndikulimbikitsa njira yopangira opaleshoni.
Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti nyama zazimuna zilizonse kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi iwiri mpaka zaka khumi zimatha kuthilitsidwa popanda chowopseza moyo. Pambuyo panthawiyi, kudziwitsana mwatsatanetsatane ndikofunikira - kuwunika kwa kuchuluka kwa magazi, kupenda zamtima ndi kupima ziwalo zamkati.
Eni ake azikumbukira kuti chaka chilichonse akukhalamo zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha zovuta pambuyo pake.
Nthawi zambiri, amphaka atakwanitsa zaka khumi sagwiriridwa, popeza pamatha kutha kwa ntchito yoberekera, ndipo kulowererako pakokha kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kulekerera chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amachitidwe ake.
Amphaka, ngati ali ndi thanzi, amatha kulolera kutaya nthawi iliyonse. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a anatomical a kumaliseche, kulowererapo kwa opaleshoni ndi nthawi yothandizika mkati mwawo ndizosavuta.
Mukakhala kuti simungathe kuwononga mphaka
Ma veterinarians onse amavomereza mosavomerezeka kuti mwapadera silivomerezedwa kupatsa chimbudzi:
- Nthawi ya estrus. Pankhaniyi, chifukwa cha kukula kwambiri kwa mahomoni, kutuluka kuchokera ku mankhwala ochita opaleshoni ndi kuchiritsa kwa postoperative kungakhale kovuta kwambiri. M'pofunika kuchita kulowererapo milungu iwiri musanayambe kapena mutangomaliza kuchita. Nthawi imeneyi imachepetsedwa pokhapokha ngati "phokoso" limachepetsedwa kwambiri, nyama imatha. Komanso werengani nkhani yokhudza chifukwa chomwe mphaka sungadzoledwe panthawi ya zipatso.
- Pa nthawi yoyembekezera. Malinga ndi zidziwitso zachipatala, njirayi imathanso kuchitika mkazi akamanyamula mwana, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti pamenepa pali ngozi yayikulu yotaya magazi, zovuta ndi kufa. Timalimbikitsa nkhani yokhudza kuphatikiza katemera wapakati.
- Atangobadwa kumene komanso pakamwitsa. Ndikwabwino kudikirira mpaka mkazi adyetse ana, apatseni milungu iwiri kapena itatu kuti mabere am'mimba abwerere mwachizolowezi ndi maholidi kuchepa.
Kuphatikiza apo, njira yolera yotseketsa imaphatikizidwa mu matenda oopsa a machitidwe amtundu komanso opatsirana:
- matenda kupuma
- mtima,
- kuwonongeka kwa impso ndi matenda a urogenital,
- tizilombo (panleukopenia, coronavirus, matenda a peritonitis ndi ena).
Ndi osafunika kuchita ntchito imeneyi osapatsidwa nyama. Ndikwabwino kukonzekera ndikukhazikitsa katemera wa katemera. Ndipo patangotha mwezi umodzi wokha jakisoni womaliza ,lembetsani chosawilitsidwa.
Mphaka akafuna kuchilitsidwa
Nthawi zina veterinarian ndi eni ake amayenera kusankha momwe nyamayo imaperekera, posatengera kuti ndi zaka zingati, komanso ngakhale itakhala mphaka kapena mphaka wololera.
Izi milandu ndizochepa komanso zosowa. Mphaka kapena mphaka yemwe ali ndi:
- matenda oncological a maliseche,
- kapangidwe kofananira kulikonse
- zotupa zamabele zamitundu mitundu yamatumbo,
Kuphatikiza apo, njirayi imavomerezedwa kuti ikhale ndi nyama yokhala ndi pakati yabodza, komanso kukonza zotsatira za kusagwira bwino - kuchotsera maliseche osakwanira, zomwe zimayambitsa kukonzanso.
Padziko lonse lapansi amphaka ndi amphaka adachilimbitsa, kuwaza ndi kutemera kwa nthawi yayitali kuletsa kubereka kosalamulirika. Chifukwa chake, nyama zosowa pokhala, nthawi zambiri, zimapangidwanso ngati chida chamapulogalamu odzipereka pamtundu uliwonse komanso popanda zotsimikizira mtengo wokwera.
Mtengo pachipatala chathu
Kodi chindapusa kapena chindapusa chimagulira kangati kuchipatala chazinyama, mutha kudziwa
atayang'ana mndandanda wamtengo ndi mitengo ya mautumiki kapena kuyimba foni - +7 (495) 506-16-31.
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Kumbukirani kuti kusamala ndi thanzi la chiweto kudzawonjezera moyo wake!
Siyani mafunso mu ndemanga
Laparoscopy.
Laparoscopy ndi mtundu wa kulowererapo kwa opaleshoni komwe amachepetsa kwambiri masentimita osaposa 1 cm.Matumba apadera ali ndi zida zapadera, kamera ndi gwero lowunikira. Laparoscopy imawonedwa ngati njira yofatsa yochotsera chiwalo. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuweta ziweto kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka zaka 15. Popeza zomwe zimayambitsa zimapangidwa zazing'ono, kupweteka pambuyo pakuchita opaleshoni ndizochepa, ndikosavuta kusamalira ma suture, bulangeti la postoperative silofunika.
Kodi kudikirira sterilization
Mwambiri, opaleshoni yothandizira kubwezeretsa mphaka imakhala ndi phindu pa psyche ya nyamayo, imakulitsa nthawi ya moyo, komanso imachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda owopsa a ziwalo zoberekera, zomwe zimakhudza ziweto zambiri zosavomerezeka.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunsa veterinarian kuti mupeze zaka zoyenera zokhazokha pakagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mphaka.
Chifukwa chidetsa katemera
Sterilization imathandizira kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa zochitika zogonana ndi nyama. Pambuyo pa njirayi, amphaka sakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, amakhala mwamakhalidwe ndipo samakonda mumsewu pofunafuna wokondedwa wawo.
Sterilization amathandiza kupewa mavuto ambiri azaumoyo. IgorVetushko / depphotos.com
Izi zimapindulitsanso thupi la mphaka. Kupatula apo, ngati estruse wadutsa popanda kukhwima, matenda a ziwalo zoberekera, mwachitsanzo, kutupa kwa chiberekero (pyometra), kapena mavuto ndi tiziwalo tosiyanasiyana touluka ndi thumba losunga mazira limayamba. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Banfield: Kuwonongeka, kusakanikirana ndi miyoyo yotalikilapo, nyama zomwe zakhala zosawilitsidwa zimakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kugwiritsanso ntchito ndi njira yodalirika yopewera kuwoneka ngati mphaka, zomwe panthawiyo ndizosavuta kuphatikiza. Ndipo kwa ziweto zomwe sizigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yocheza mumsewu, ndizotetezanso kumatenda omwe atha kudwala kuchokera ku ziweto zomwe si zapakhomo.
Pazaka ziti?
Ndikofunika kuchita opareshoni amphaka ang'onoang'ono omwe ali kale ndi miyezi 8-10 kapena kupitirira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti nyamayi ikhale yosavuta kuchitidwa opareshoni.
Achichepere omwe sanakwanitse miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ya66 sayenera kufooka: matupi awo osalimba sangathe kulimbana ndi njirayi.
Pali zoopsa ngati nyama zogwirira ntchito zomwe zayamba kale kupitirira zaka 10. Muzochitika zotere, kuthekera kwa zovuta zowonjezera zaumoyo ndizokwera.
Mitundu ya makulidwe a mphaka?
Zochita kuthetsa ntchito yobereka ndikuchotsa ziwalo zomwe zimayambitsa amphaka ndizosiyana.
- Ovariectomy - kuchotsa mazira okha, chiberekero sichikhudzidwa. Zoyenera kwa ana ang'onoang'ono, komanso amphaka omwe sanakhale ndi mphaka.
- Hysterectomy - kuchotsa chiberekero ndikusunga mazira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pazifukwa zamankhwala. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni iyi, estrus ndi chikhalidwe chogwirizana ndi nyengoyi zimasungidwa.
- Ovariohysterectomy ndikuchotsa ziwalo zonse zoberekera, ndiko kuti, mazira ndi chiberekero. Zoyenera kwa akuluakulu komanso kubereka kale amphaka, komanso omwe amasintha mu chiberekero.
Opaleshoni imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zingapo:
- kudula mzere yoyera, ndiye kuti pamimba,
- mbali incision
- kachilombo kakang'ono kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mbedza ya opaleshoni,
- laparoscopy, ndiye kuti, kuchotsedwa pamiyeso yaying'ono (ma punctures) pogwiritsa ntchito zida za endoscopic.
Kusankha koyenera kumatsimikiziridwa ndi veterinarian potengera mawonekedwe a kayendedwe ndi thupi la nyama.
Njira ina ndiyo kuchepa kwamachubu, ndiko kuti, kunyowa kwa machubu a fallopian. Ziwalo zoberekera panthawiyi sizichotsedwa. Komanso, mphaka imasinthiratu zomwe idachita kale komanso ngakhale estrus imachitika. Koma chiweto sichitha kutenga pakati. Chiwopsezo chowonjezereka chokhudzana ndi opaleshoni iyi ndikupanga zotupa ndi ma cysts mu thumba losunga mazira ndi chiberekero.
Komanso amphaka amapatsidwa mankhwala othandizira, omwe amakhala osakhalitsa. Kuchita opaleshoni pakali pano sikofunikira, nyamayo imangilowetsedwa ndi mankhwala omwe kwakanthawi imachepetsa kupanga mahomoni ndikuletsa ntchito zachiwerewere. Izi ndi zoyenera ngati mukufunikira kukhala ndi ana athanzi kuchokera kwa chiweto, koma patapita nthawi.
Zoyenera kuchita mphaka usanalowe
Mutha kuchita opareshoni mu chipatala cha Chowona Zanyama kapena kunyumba. Koma mulimonsemo, kukonzekera kwina kumafunikira. Choyamba, mphaka uyenera kulandira katemera wa matenda opatsirana. Sanaziike patadutsa masabata anayi njira isanachitike. Pakupita pafupifupi sabata limodzi kapena awiri, nyama imafunikanso kuyamwa.
Chitani ziyeso zonse kuonetsetsa kuti opaleshoniyo sikupweteka. ilariya.95.mail.ru/depositphotos.com
Musanawume, onetsetsani kuti mukumane ndi veterinarian, pitani maphunziro onse omwe alembedwa, ndipo pitani mayeso. Izi zikuthandizira kupewa zovuta, chifukwa opareshoni yamavuto am'mapapu, mtima kapena ziwalo zina zitha kuvulaza thupi ndikupangitsa zotsatira zoyipa. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa nyama zokhala zaka zopitilira 10.
Ngati Zizindikiro Zonse zili zabwinobwino, veterinary adayambitsa ntchito. Maola 12 asanafike, chiwetocho sichimadyetsedwa kuti kusanza kusayambe pa nthawi yovulala ndi pambuyo. Ndikofunika kusiya kupatsa madzi pafupifupi maola awiri musanayambe kugona.
Chovala chimathandizira kuti seamsyo ikhale yoyera. Kuchusha / depphotos.com
Muyeneranso kugula bulangeti lapadera pasadakhale, lomwe lidzafanane ndi nyamayo. Amavala nthawi yomweyo atagwira ntchito ndipo salola kuti mphakayo inyambite zilonda, komanso amatetezedwa ku litsiro ndi kuwonongeka.
Momwe mungasamalire mphaka m'mamaawa
Mukabweretsa chiweto chanu kunyumba, chiikeni pakama, thaulo kapena bulangeti ndikuphimba ngati zili bwino. M'pofunikanso kuchitapo kanthu ngati opareshoniyo itachitika kunyumba.
Osayika chinyama pa sofa kapena pamalo ena okwezeka, chifukwa atachoka tulo sichibwerera mwachangu ndipo chimatha kugwa. Ndikofunika kuti palibe ngodya zakuthwa ndi nkhope zina zapafupi zomwe zimavulala mosavuta. Ngati chipindacho chili chozizira, samalira kutentha kwina. Koma osayikira petulo pafupi ndi batire kapena chotenthetsera.
Thandizani mphaka kuyambiranso kuchita opaleshoni. [email protected]/depositphotos.com
Poyamba, musalole ana aang'ono kufupi ndi wokondedwa, kuti asamuvulaze mwangozi. Ngati m'nyumba muli nyama zina, ndibwinonso kudzipatula kwa wodwala wosawilitsidwa.
Mphaka ukadzuka, usasiye osakonzekera. Ngakhale kuti mankhwala ochita kupanga ali mkati ndipo maso akutseguka (samatseka ndi mankhwala), nthawi ndi nthawi mumalowetsa mchere kapena kuwiritsa madzi mpaka nyama itayamba kudziluma yokha. Izi zimaletsa ziphuphu kuti ziume, ndipo kutuluka kumakhala bwino.
Chifukwa chiyani
Ikaka kapena mphaka ikakula, kutha msinkhu kumakhalamo ndipo nyamayo imayamba kumvera chibadwa chake. Amphaka nthawi zonse purr, ndipo amphaka amalemba gawo, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta zambiri kwa eni ake. Ndi chinyama chosawilitsidwa, mavuto oterewa samabuka, chifukwa nthawi ya opareshoni, ziwalo zoberekera zimachotsedwa, potero zimachepetsa maziko a mahomoni ndikuchotsa ntchito za kubereka.
Kusiyana pakati pa njira yolera yotseketsa komanso kugawa
Anthu ambiri amaganiza molakwika kuti amphaka samalowedwa nthawi zonse, ndipo amphaka samawilitsidwa. Koma sichoncho. Kugawanitsa anthu ndi kuwononga ziwalo zitha kuchitidwa pa akazi onse. Kusiyana kwake ndikuti mukaponyedwa, ma gonads amachotsedwa - ma testes amuna ndi mazira omwe ali ndi chiberekero mwa akazi. Pa chosawilitsidwa amphaka, thumba losunga mazira limachotsedwa. Koma popeza anthu amazolowera kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "chosawilitsa" amphaka ndi "kuponyera" amphaka, veterinarians nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa, kutanthauza kuti ndi lingaliro chabe.
Masiku ano, kupulumutsidwa ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri, chifukwa khansa ya chiberekero imakhala matenda ofala pakati pa nyama. Chifukwa chake, sizikupanga nzeru kusiyira chiwalo kupita kwa mphaka, makamaka chifukwa sichichita ntchito iliyonse.
Chifukwa chake, m'nkhaniyi tikambirana za kuponyedwa, koma kuti owerenga awerengere, mawu oti "samatulutsa" adzagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhudzana ndi amphaka.
Amphaka angati samawilitsidwa
Pali zida zambiri ku malo ogona a Murkosh, chifukwa takumanapo ndi nkhaniyi kangapo. Monga momwe masewera akusonyezera, chichepere chaching'ono, chimakhala chosavuta kugwira ntchito ndikuchikonzanso. Kuphatikiza apo, ndibwino kusisita tiwazi tiakazi tisanabadwe kamodzi. Eni ake nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira molakwa kuti mphaka uyenera kudyedwa kamodzi kamodzi kuti imveke bwino. Koma sichoncho. Choyamba, mosiyana ndi anthu, amphaka ndi amphaka amatsogozedwa ndi zikhalidwe zokha, osati malingaliro. Chifukwa chake, mphaka wokhuthala sasamala kuti anali mayi kapena ayi. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mphaka wabereka kale, pali mwayi waukulu woti chimbudzi sichitha kupereka zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.
Izi zimachitika chifukwa nyama zisanabadwe, timadzi tamadzi tomwe timatulutsa timadzi tomwe timatulutsa timadzi tambiri tomwe timapanga. Ndipo pambuyo pobala, tiziwonetsero tina touluka mkati timayambiranso kupanga mahomoni. Chifukwa chake iwo amene akufuna kudzipulumutsa okha kuti asakhumudwitse sayenera kukhulupirira zonama ndikuyiwala kuti ngakhale nyama yokondedwa kwambiri imakhalabe nyama nthawi zonse.
Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za msika womwe amphaka amadzisokoneza. Veterinarians amalimbikitsa opaleshoni pamene wamkazi ali ndi miyezi 7-8. Kuchepetsa kwambiri masiku oyambira (pa miyezi 4-5) kungayambitse kuchepa kwakachangu. Nthawi zina amphaka amakhala osawilitsidwa ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, koma pokhapokha kulemera kwa nyamayo kumafikira ma kilogalamu 2.5-3.
Mphaka amaloledwa kuuma ngakhale atakula, koma akamakula, zotsatirapo zake zimatha kuchitika atachitidwa opaleshoni. Ngati mphaka ali ndi zaka zopitilira 10, ndiye kuti muyenera kuchita zotsatirazi:
- kuyezetsa magazi a biochemical,
- dziwa mtima
- kufunsa katswiri wamtima.
M'badwo wabwino kwambiri wamphaka
Amuna, monga akazi, nawonso amakulimbikitsidwa kuti azikhazikitsidwa miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Izi ndichifukwa choti zaka zakubadwa 1-1.5, kutha msinkhu ndi mapangidwe zimachitika, ndiye kuti pambuyo pa opareshoni mphaka sangatayebe zogonana, ngakhale atakhala wosabala.
Eni ake ena akufuna kuchita opaleshoniyo momwe angathere, koma akatswiri odziwa za ziweto salimbikitsa kuchita izi, chifukwa amuna akhoza kuyamba kutsalira pantchito.
Kodi opareshoni yabwino kwambiri ndi iti
Sterilization ndi kuponyera kungachitike:
M'njira zonsezi, pali zabwino komanso zowawa. Ngati opareshoniyo yachitika mu chipatala, ndiye:
- ngozi yadzidzidzi yafupika,
- zovuta zikachitika, dokotala amatha kuyankha mwachangu ndi kuthandiza nyama,
- kukhathamira kwambiri komanso momwe zinthu zilili bwino zimaperekedwa.
Zoyipa za kudzimbidwa kuchipatalachi zimaphatikizapo mtengo wonyamula nyamayo ndikuyembekezera kutha kwa ntchito.
Ngati njirayi ikuchitika kunyumba, ndiye:
- Nyama siyanjenjemera chifukwa chosakhala malo abwino,
- Mphaka kapena mphaka sichingatenge matenda opatsirana kuchokera kwa odwala ena othandizira azachipatala,
- kufika kwa adotolo akhoza kuikidwa pa nthawi yoyenera.
Zovuta zakuchita opaleshoni yakunyumba ndizophatikizira:
- kuvuta kukhala 100%
- kusowa kwa zida ndi zida zonse zomwe zili kuchipatala.
Ngakhale zabwino ndi zowawa, ntchito zapakhomo zimachitidwa kangati monga chipatala, eni ake amatha kusankha mtundu womwe ukuwayenerera.
Ntchito ikuyenda bwanji?
Sterilization ikuchitika mu magawo angapo:
- Dotolo amayang'anitsitsa nyamayo, ndikuonetsetsa kuti ndi yathanzi ndikukonzekera opareshoni,
- Mankhwala amatumizidwa ku mphaka kapena mphaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azichita opaleshoni mosavuta.
- nyamayi idavulala
- ubweya umachotsedwa pamalo pomwe pakadulidwa
- khungu limadulidwa
- thumba losunga mazira kapena ma testes amachotsedwa,
- zikhuni zimayikidwa.
Momwe angapangire nyama kuti ayipangidwe
Popeza njira yolera yotsekera sichinthu chowopsa, palibe njira kapena njira zapadera pokonzera mphaka kapena mphaka. Chachikulu ndikuti nyamayo samadya chilichonse kwa maola 12 asadalitsidwe. Ndiye kuti, ngati opareshoniyo yakonzekera masiku 12, ndiye kuti nthawi yotsiriza mungadyetse chiweto chanu osapitirira 12 usiku.
Ngati nyumbayo ili ndi nyama zingapo, ndiye kuti mphaka yemwe akukonzekera kuchitidwa opaleshoni akulimbikitsidwa kuyikidwa m'chipinda momwe mulibe mwayi wowadyetsa nyama zomwe zatsala. Izi zikakhala kuti sizingatheke, ziweto zonse zimayenera kufa ndi njala pang'ono.
Maola ochepa asanachitike opareshoni, ndi bwino kuchotsa madziwo, chifukwa ngati ali m'mimba pakukhazikitsa mankhwala ogonetsa, mphaka amatha kusanza. Izi ndichifukwa chakuti mankhwalawa amakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa nseru. Ndipo ngati mphaka ikufunidwa ndi masanzi, kusokonezeka kumatha kuchitika, kofotokozedwa ndi chibayo. Chifukwa chake, nkhani yosala nyama ikuyenera kusamalidwa bwino.
Momwe mungasamalire nyama mutandichita opareshoni
Ziwetozo zikakhala bwino, ndipo opaleshoniyo idapita popanda zovuta, nthawi yokonzanso siyitenga nthawi yayitali komanso siyidzabweretsa zovuta. Koma mwini wake akuyenera kukonzekereratu chifukwa adzawononga nthawi yambiri ku chiwetocho ndikuchiyang'anira.
Kwa nthawi yokonzanso, mphaka ndi bwino kupumula m'malo otentha otetezerako mbali inayo mchipindacho pomwe kuwala kwadzuwa sikungagwere nyama. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, ziphuphu za m'maso zimayamba kumva kwambiri, chifukwa chake chiweto sichikhala bwino kuyambira dzuwa lowala.
Mwa njira, zidzakhala zothandiza kwa eni kuti adziwe kuti mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala oletsa kupha, amphaka amagona osatseka maso awo. Simuyenera kuchita mantha ndi izi, koma mpaka nyamayo itatuluka mumtunduwu, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa maso ndi yankho la lens kapena saline yanyama (0.9% NaCl). Mochulukitsa, mutha kuphimba chikope cha mphaka chala chanu kamodzi kamodzi mphindi khumi kuti misozi ifalikire pamaso.
Nyama ikachita opaleshoni, imayenera kuyikidwa ndikusiyidwa yokha. Chifukwa chake, ngati pali nyama zina kapena ana mnyumbamo, mwiniwake akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti sakhudza mphaka yomwe ikuyenda.
Kupitilira apo, kwa masiku 7-10 ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kusoka. Nthawi zonse zimayenera kukhala zouma komanso zoyera, osati zopaka kapena kuthamangitsidwa.
Zochizira sutures, zotsatirazi antiseptic njira ntchito:
- dioxidine
- hydrogen peroxide,
- chlorhexidine.
Ngati ndi kotheka, chithandizo chowonjezereka chitha kuikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta othamangitsira kupititsa patsogolo kuchira.
Zipatala zina zimagwiritsa ntchito zopopera zapadera zomwe zimalepheretsa matenda kulowa m'mabala. Pankhaniyi, chithandizo cha seams sichofunikira konse.
Eni ake sayenera kuda nkhawa ngati atapeza kutupa pang'ono pafupi ndi bala m'masiku oyamba a 2-3. Palibe chodandaula, popeza minofuyo imatupa pakubala, ndipo pakatha masiku awiri kapena atatu zonse zimatha.
Ndipo chinthu chomaliza chomwe chikufunika kuchitidwa kwa mwini wake wa chiweto chomwe chidayenda opaleshoniyo ndikumupatsa kuti awombere. Ngati pazifukwa zina zimakhala zovuta kuti munthu adzivulaze, nthawi zonse amatha kubweretsa mphaka kapena mphaka kuchipatala.
Pobisalira pathu "Murkosh" ntchito zoterezi zinkachitika nyama zambirimbiri, choncho titha kunena molimba mtima kuti mwiniwake azitha kugwira bwino ntchito zawo ndikuthandizira chiweto kuchira msanga.
Mukuyamba kuyambitsa kubweza mobwerezabwereza. Pofuna kubweza bwino, ndalama zomwe zikuwonetsedwa koyambira koyambirira zidzaperekedwa kuchokera ku khadi lanu pafupipafupi. Mutha kuletsa kulipira kwakanthawi iliyonse nthawi iliyonse podina ulalo womwe walonjezedwa mu kalata ija ndi kulipira.
Mukayang'ana "Ndikuvomereza zigwirizano", mukuvomereza zomwe anthu angavomere.
Ndemanga
- Palibe ndemanga zomwe zapezeka
Ankafuna kuti Marcel agone, koma odzipereka kumalo osungirako a Murkosh adamupulumutsa ndikumupeza nyumba yatsopano.
Kodi euthanasia ndi chiyani? Zikuyenda bwanji? Ndizabwino? Euthanasia ndiko kupha mwadala nyama mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala. Amachitcha kuti euthanasia, anthu amayesa kusuntha ngodya ndikusokeretsa chikumbumtima chawo.
Mphaka wapakhomo amakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zoti achite, koma zosangalatsa kwambiri, ndizogwirizana ndi Mwamuna wake: muyenera kukumana naye kuchokera kuntchito, kumukondweretsa pambuyo pa tsiku lovuta, kukambirana za nthawi yake yakusowa, kum'pukutira ndi chakudya chabwino, ndikumudzutsa m'mawa. Koma bwanji ngati mudzuka, mukumugwetsa ndi tchuni chofewa, ndikudula, ndikukhomerera mphuno yanu patsaya ndi chonyowa, ndipo Munthuyo samadzuka?
Ndine wodzipereka. Ndakhala ndikukumana ndi mavuto a nyama zopanda pokhala kwazaka zopitilira zitatu. Kudzipereka si wamba. Tsoka ilo, sindimapezeka kawirikawiri pagulu la anthu olimba mtima komanso olimba mtima omwe ndimagwada tsiku lililonse, omwe amagwira, kusinthana, kusamalira komanso kusamalira nyama. Ntchito yanga siyilola kuti ndikhale kwathupi komwe ndikufuna. Izi sizitanthauza kuti sindikudziwa kusamalira nyama, sizitanthauza kuti sindinawonepo odwala, osowa, osasangalala. Zowona ndikuwona pafupipafupi. Koma ndili ndi "ntchito" yosiyana pang'ono.
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Katswiri wa LLC Vet, apa amatchedwa Wogwirizira, yoyimiriridwa ndi Director General Kanaeva Elena Sergeevnakuchita pamaziko a Za Mgwirizanowu, ikuyankha Mgwirizanowu (wapano - Mgwirizano) kwa munthu aliyense amene wasonyeza kuti akufuna kuchita mgwirizano wamalamulo omwe alembedwa (motere - Wogwiritsa ntchito).
Panganoli, mogwirizana ndi gawo 2 la Art. 437 ya Civil Code of the Russian Federation, ndiwoperekedwa pagulu, kuvomerezedwa kwa mawu (kuvomerezedwa) komwe ndiko kutumidwa kwa machitidwe operekedwa ndi Panganoli.
1. Tanthauzo
1.1. Zigawo za Panganoli zimayang'anira ubale pakati pa Wosunga Umwiniyo ndi Wosuta ndipo zili ndi matanthauzidwe awa:
1.1.1. Zopereka - chikalatachi (Chigwirizano) chomwe chinaikidwa pa intaneti pa adilesi ya intaneti.
1.1.2. Kuvomereza - Kuvomera kwathunthu kopanda zoperekazo kudzera pakukwaniritsa kwa zomwe zanenedwa m'ndime 3.1 ya Panganolo.
1.1.3. Wogwirizira - bungwe lovomerezeka (Dzina la Phwando) lomwe lidayika.
1.1.4. Wogwiritsa ntchito - munthu wovomerezeka kapena wodziwa bwino zachilengedwe yemwe walowa Mgwirizano povomera pazinthu zomwe zaperekedwa.
1.1.5. Webusayiti - masamba angapo omwe ali ndi seva yokhazikika ndikupanga mawonekedwe amodzi omwe amapezeka pa intaneti adilesi ya tsamba la intaneti (lomwe likutchulidwa kuti Tsambali).
1.1.6. Zambiri - zambiri zomwe zidawonetsedwa pamasamba, zojambula, zowonera (kanema) pa tsamba, ndizomwe zili. Zomwe zili patsamba latsambali zimagawidwa pa zofunikira - zogwiritsa ntchito, komanso zothandizira - zoyang'anira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti Copyright Holder azitsogolera kugwira ntchito kwa tsambalo, kuphatikizapo mawonekedwe a Tsambalo.
1.1.7. Chinsinsi (chosavomerezeka) - ufulu wosagwiritsa ntchito wosuta wogwiritsa ntchito luntha lotsogola 2.1 la Panganolo, wokhala ndi ufulu wopatsa ufulu wopereka zilolezo kwa anthu ena.
2. Mutu wa Mgwirizanowu
2.1. Panganoli limalongosola momwe zinthu ziyenera kugwiritsidwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito luntha, kuphatikiza zinthu zomwe zili patsamba la Webusayiti pa intaneti (pomwe amatchulidwa kuti Webusayiti), udindo wa Magulu ndi zina mwa magwiridwe antchito a tsamba ndi ubale wa Ogwiritsa Ntchito Tsamba ndi Wokhala ndi ufulu, komanso wina ndi mnzake.
2.2. Wopatsayo ufulu wamtunduwu akutsimikizira kuti iye ndi amene ali ndi ufulu wankhanza lililonse lomwe latsimikizidwa mu gawo 2.1 la Panganolo.
3. Kuvomereza malinga ndi mgwirizano
3.1. Kulandila (kuvomera zomwe mwapereka) ndi wogwiritsa ntchito ndikudina batani la "Thandizo".
3.2. Kuchita zoyenera kuvomereza zoperekedwa munjira yodziwika mgawo 3.1 la Panganolo, Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo akutsimikizira kuti akudziwa, akuvomereza, kuvomereza mokwanira komanso mosagwirizana ndi mikhalidwe yonse ya Panganolo, amavomereza kutsatira.
3.3. Wogwiritsa ntchito pano akutsimikizira kuti kuvomereza (kuchitapo kanthu kuti avomereze zomwe akupatsazo) kuli ngati kusaina ndikumaliza Mgwirizano wamalamulo ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zafotokozedwa mumgwirizano uno.
3.4. Malangizowo amayamba kuyambira pomwe adayikidwa pa intaneti pa adilesi ya intaneti ndipo ndi othandizira mpaka pomwe mphatsoyo ichotsedwa.
3.5. Mgwirizanowu ukhoza kuvomerezedwa pokhapokha (gawo 1 la nkhani 428 ya Code Code of the Russian Federation). Wosuta atavomereza magawo a Panganoli, limapeza mphamvu pamgwirizano womwe umamalizidwa pakati pa Wosunga Umwiniyo ndi Wogwiritsa, pomwe mgwirizano ngati chikalata cholembedwa ndi Magulu onsewo sichimaperekedwa.
3.6. Woyimitsa ufuluyo ali ndi ufulu wosintha mgwirizanowu popanda chizindikiritso chilichonse, mogwirizana ndi momwe Wogwiritsa ntchito amayang'anira kuwunika kwa Panganoli. Mtundu watsopano wa Mgwirizanowu umayamba kugwira ntchito kuyambira pomwe adalembedwa patsamba lino, pokhapokha mutaperekedwa ndi mtundu watsopano wa Mgwirizanowu. Mtundu wapano wa Mgwirizanowu nthawi zonse umapezeka patsamba lino adilesi: Tsamba la tsamba lawebusayiti.
4. Ufulu ndi zokakamiza zipani
4.1. Wokhala ndi ufulu wakeyo ali ndi udindo:
4.1.1. Pakupita kwamasiku a kalendala kuchokera tsiku lomwe walandila chidziwitso cha Wogwiritsa ntchito pawokha komanso mwakuwononga kwawo, chotsani zolakwika za Webusayiti zomwe zimadziwika ndi wogwiritsa ntchito, zomwe ndi:
- zosagwirizana ndi zomwe zili mu Webusayiti ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa mu gawo 2.1 la Panganolo,
- kupezeka mu tsamba la zinthu zoletsedwa kuti zigawidwe ndi lamulo.
4.1.2. Pewani chilichonse chomwe chingasokoneze ufulu wa wogwiritsa ntchito tsamba lino malinga ndi mapanganowo.
4.1.3. Patsani zidziwitso pakugwira ntchito ndi Tsambalo kudzera pa imelo, forum, blog. Ma adilesi aposachedwa amaimelo ali mgawo la "Gawo la" dzina la tsamba pa tsambalo la webusayiti.
4.1.4. Kugwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zonse zachinsinsi za Wogwiritsa ntchito pokhapokha popereka chithandizo malinga ndi Panganolo, osasamutsira anthu ena zomwe zalembedwazi komanso zidziwitso za Wogwiritsa.
4.1.5. Onetsetsani chinsinsi chachinsinsi chogwiritsa ntchito wosuta mukamagwiritsa ntchito tsamba la Webusayiti, pokhapokha ngati milanduyo itayikidwa pagawo la Tsambalo (mwachitsanzo, macheza).
4.1.6. Langizani Wosuta pazinthu zonse zokhudzana ndi Tsambalo. Kuvuta kwa nkhaniyo, kuchuluka kwake, komanso nthawi yolumikizirana zimatsimikiziridwa muzochitika zonse ndi Woyimitsa ufuluyo.
4.2. Wogwiritsa amavomereza:
4.2.1. Gwiritsani ntchito Tsambalo pokhapokha pamlingo womwewo komanso momwe mwaperekedwera mgwirizano.
4.2.2. Tsatirani mosamalitsa ndi kusaphwanya mawu a Panganolo, komanso onetsetsani chinsinsi cha zamalonda ndi zaluso zomwe zalandiridwa mogwirizana ndi Copyright.
4.2.3. Pewani kukopa mwanjira iliyonse, komanso kusintha, kuwonjezera, kugawa tsambalo, zomwe zili mu Webusayiti (kapena gawo lililonse), ndipo pewani kupanga zinthu zochokera pamalowo popanda chilolezo cholemba Mwini wa Copyright.
4.2.4. Osagwiritsa ntchito zida zilizonse kapena mapulogalamu apakompyuta kuti asokoneze kapena kuyesa kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a Tsambalo.
4.2.5. Nthawi yomweyo dziwitsani Wosunga Umwini za zidziwitso zonse zakugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa tsambalo ndi anthu ena.
4.2.6.Gwiritsani ntchito tsambalo popanda kuphwanya ufulu wa eni malowo ndi / kapena ufulu wokhala ndi zinthu zina za anthu ena, komanso zoletsa ndi zoletsa zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo ogwira ntchito, kuphatikiza popanda malire: ufulu waumwini ndi ufulu wokhudzana ndi izi, ufulu wamalonda, zilembo zamasewera ndi mayikidwe a magwero, ufulu wa mafakitale zitsanzo, ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za anthu.
4.2.7. Pewani kutumiza ndi kutumiza kwa zinthu zosaloledwa, zosamveka, zachiwerewere, zodetsa nkhawa, zoopseza, zolaula, zankhanza, komanso zokhala ndi kuzunza komanso zizindikilo za kusankhana mitundu kapena fuko, kufunsa kuti ntchito zomwe zitha kuonedwa ngati mlandu kapena kuphwanya lamulo lililonse, komanso yowonedwa ngati yosavomerezeka pazifukwa zina, zida zomwe zimalimbikitsa kupembedza kwachiwawa komanso nkhanza, zida zomwe zimakhala ndi mawu osayenera .
4.2.8. Musagawe zinthu zotsatsa mumauthenga anu kwa Ogwiritsa ntchito ena musanapange chilolezo chawo kuti mulandire zinthuzi (SPAM).
4.2.9. Gwirani ntchito zina zoperekedwa ndi Panganoli.
4.3. Woyimilira ali ndi ufulu:
4.3.1. Kuyimitsa kapena kuthetseratu kulembetsa ndi kufalitsa kwa Wogwiritsa Ntchito Tsambalo, ngati Wogwirizira Copyright akukhulupirira kuti Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo akuchita zinthu zosaloledwa.
4.3.2. Sungani zidziwitso pazakukonda kwa Ogwiritsa ntchito ndi momwe amagwiritsira ntchito Tsambalo (ntchito zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, zoikika, nthawi yomwe akukonda ndi nthawi ya ntchitoyo ndi Tsambalo, ndi zina), chomwe sichiri chidziwitso chaumwini, kukonza magwiridwe antchito a Tsamba, kuzindikira ndi kupewa kulephera kwa tsamba.
4.3.3. Kusintha unilaterally Mgwirizanowu popereka zosintha zake zatsopano.
4.3.4. Chotsani zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amapempha ngati bungwe lili lovomerezeka kapena anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi ngati izi zikuphwanya malamulo ogwira ntchito kapena ufulu wa anthu ena.
4.3.5. Kuletsa kwakanthawi tsambalo, komanso kuletsa pang'ono kapena kuthetsa kwathunthu kutsambali mpaka kutsiriza kukonzanso komanso (kapena) kusintha kwa malowa. Wosuta alibe ufulu wolamula kuti alandire ndalama zomwe zawonongeka kwakanthawi kochepa pantchitoyo kapena kuletsa kupezeka kwa Tsambalo.
4.4. Wogwiritsa ntchito ali ndi ufulu:
4.4.1. Gwiritsani ntchito Tsambalo mpaka pamlingo komanso momwe mwaperekera Panganoli.
4.5. Wogwiritsa ntchito alibe ufulu wovomereza kukhazikitsidwa kwa Panganoli pokhapokha iye alibe ufulu wovomerezeka ndi Tsambalo lomwe akukhala kapena akukhalamo, kapena ngati sanafikire zaka zomwe ali ndi ufulu wolowa nawo Panganoli.
5. Migwirizano ndi magwiritsidwe ntchito
5.1. Pokhapokha ngati Wogwiritsa ntchito akwaniritsa Panganoli, Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amapatsidwa chilolezo chosavuta (chosasankha) chogwiritsa ntchito Tsambalo pogwiritsa ntchito kompyuta, foni yam'manja kapena chida china, mulingo ndi momwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi Panganoli, popanda ufulu wopereka magawo ndi magawo ake.
5.2. Malinga ndi mawu a Panganolo, Wosunga Umwini wapatsa Wogwiritsa ufulu ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito tsambali m'njira zotsatirazi:
5.2.1. Gwiritsani ntchito Tsambali kuti muwone, kudziwa, kusiya ndemanga ndi zolemba zina ndikugwiritsa ntchito zina za tsambalo, kuphatikizapo kusewera pa polojekiti (pazenera) njira zoyenera zaogwiritsa ntchito,
5.2.2. Sanjani mwachidule makompyuta pamutu kuti mugwiritse ntchito Tsambalo ndi magwiridwe ake,
5.2.3. Kuti mulembe zinthu zomwe zili patsamba lino ndi tsamba lomwe limapezedwa, kuphatikiza ulalo wa ulalo wa Tsambalo.
5.2.4. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito: Njira yogwiritsira ntchito.
5.3. Wogwiritsa ntchito alibe ufulu kuchita izi potsatira Webusayiti, komanso chilichonse chomwe chili patsamba:
5.3.1. Sinthani kapena sinthani tsambalo, kuphatikiza kumasulira m'zilankhulo zina.
5.3.2. Koperani, gawani kapena pangani zida ndi zidziwitso zomwe zili patsamba lino, pokhapokha ngati zikufunika komanso chifukwa cha kukhazikitsa kwa magwiridwe antchito monga Wogwiritsa ntchito.
5.3.3. Kuphwanya umphumphu wa pulogalamu yoteteza kapena kuchita chilichonse chomwe chikufunikira kuti tidutse, tichotse kapena kusokoneza njira zachitetezo, gwiritsani ntchito malamulo aliwonse apulogalamu omwe anapangidwa kuti asokoneze, kuchotsa, kuwononga, kutsata kapena kuphwanya umphumphu wa Tsambalo, chidziwitso kapena ma protocol.
5.4. Ufulu uliwonse wosaperekedwa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito molingana ndi Panganoli umasungidwa ndi Wogwirizira.
5.5. Tsambali limaperekedwa ndi Roundolder m'boma la "As Is" ("AS IS"), popanda chitsimikizo cha Roundolder kapena kukakamiza kulikonse kuti athetse zolakwika, kuthandizira ndikuwongolera.
5.6. Ponena za zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito azigwiritsa ntchito, Wogwiritsa ntchito akutsimikizira kuti ndiye mwini wake kapena ali ndi zilolezo zoyenera, ufulu, chilolezo ndi chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito ndikupatsa Roundolder ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito mogwirizana ndi Panganoli, adalemba chilolezo ndi (kapena) chilolezo cha munthu aliyense, chifukwa chake kapena ngati mulipo pazogwiritsa ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito zomwe mukufuna (kuphatikizapo chithunzi ngati pakufunika) kwa munthu uyu kuti atumizire ndikugwiritsanso ntchito zomwe mwapangidwa muchigwirizanochi.
5.7. Pakuvomereza mfundo za Panganoli, Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amapereka mwayi kwa Wopereka Ufulu wa Pamanja ndi Ogwiritsa ntchito ena ufulu wosagwiritsa ntchito ufulu (kugwiritsa ntchito layisensi) yosavuta yomwe Wogwiritsa ntchito amawonjezera (malo) ku Tsambali m'magawo omwe amafikira anthu onse kapena gawo la Ogwiritsa ntchito (zokambirana, zokambirana, ndemanga, ndi zina). Ufulu womwe wafotokozedwayo komanso / kapena chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito zinthuzo zimaperekedwa nthawi yomweyo ndikuwonjezera kwa wogwiritsa ntchito zinthuzo pa Webusayiti nthawi yonse yokhala ndi ufulu wokhala ndi chidziwitso kapena kuteteza ufulu wosakhala ndi nyumba pazinthu izi kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'maiko onse.
6. Dongosolo lanu lazinsinsi ndi zachinsinsi
6.1. Kuti akwaniritse mawu a Panganolo, Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amavomera kupereka ndikuvomera kusanthula kwawanthu malinga ndi Federal Law ya Julayi 27, 2006 No. 152-ФЗ "Pa Dongosolo Lathunthu" pazokhudza mgwirizanowu ndi cholinga chogwiritsira ntchito Mgwirizanowu moyenera. Mwa "zambiri zanu" zimatanthawuzidwa zomwe munthu amagwiritsa ntchito payekha povomereza.
6.2. Copyright Holder imatsimikizira chinsinsi pokhudzana ndi chidziwitso cha Wogwiritsa ntchito ndipo imapatsa mwayi wodziwa zokhazokha kwa okhawo omwe akufunika kudziwa izi kuti athe kukwaniritsa zofunikira za Panganolo, kuwonetsetsa kuti anthu awa amasunga chinsinsi cha zomwe munthu akuchita payekha komanso chitetezo cha zomwe munthu akuchita pakukonzekera. Komanso, Wosunga Umwiniyo amakakamizika kusungira chinsinsi pa zidziwitso zonse zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa Ogwiritsa ntchito, mosasamala kanthu ndi zomwe zili muzolemba zake komanso momwe angazipezere.
6.3. Zomwe zalandilidwa ndi Copyright Holder (zambiri zaumwini) sizingafotokozedwe, pokhapokha ngati zili zofunikira malinga ndi malamulo a Russian Federation kapena zikufunika kuti Tsambalo lizigwira ntchito zake (mwachitsanzo, posindikiza ndemanga mu gawo la "Ndemanga" la Webusayiti, pansi pa ndemanga yolembedwa ndi Wogwiritsa ntchito, dzinalo likuwonetsedwa , tsiku ndi nthawi pomwe ndemanga idatumizidwa).
7. Udindo wa maphwando
7.1. Maphwando ali ndiudindo wosachita kapena kusachita bwino zosowa zawo malinga ndi malamulo aku Russia.
7.2. Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo samavomereza udindo wotsatira malowa ndi cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito.
7.3. Wopatsayo ufulu waumwini sakhala ndi chifukwa chofuna kusokoneza pakugwiritsa ntchito Tsambali. Nthawi yomweyo, Wogwirizira Wokopera amayenera kuchita zonse zofunika kuti asasokonezedwe.
7.4. Wogwirizira Copyright samayankhira zochita za Wogwiritsa ntchito zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu womwe wapatsidwa kuti asagwiritse ntchito Tsambalo, kuwonongeka konse komwe kumachitika ndi Wogwiritsa ntchito chifukwa chotayika komanso / kapena kuwulula kwa deta yake kapena pogwiritsira ntchito tsambalo.
7.5. Pomwe kuti wachitatu akupanga mwayi kwa Wosunga Umwiniyo mogwirizana ndi kuphwanya kwa wogwiritsa ntchito Mgwirizanowu kapena malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito, kuphwanya kwa wogwiritsa ntchito ufulu wa anthu ena (kuphatikiza ufulu waluntha), Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amafunika kulipira amene ali ndi chidziwitso pa zonse zomwe akutaya komanso kutaya, kuphatikiza malipiro chindapusa chilichonse ndi zina zokhudzana ndi kudandaula kumeneku.
7.6. Wosungitsa ufulu sakhala ndi udindo pazomwe mauthenga kapena zida za omwe ali ndi tsamba la Users amagwiritsa (zogwiritsa ntchito), malingaliro aliwonse, malingaliro kapena upangiri womwe ulimo. Woyimilira sachitapo kanthu poyambira zomwe zili, kutsimikizika ndi chitetezo cha zinthuzi kapena zinthu zake, komanso kutsatira kwawo zomwe malamulo akufuna, komanso kupezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa ufulu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito mosalephera.
8. Kuthetsa Kusamvana
8.1. Njira yofunsira chisanachitike poyesa kuthetsa mikangano yochokera ku Mgwirizanowu ikugwirizana ndi magulu.
8.2. Makalata odzinenera amatumizidwa ndi Maguluwo potumiza makalata kapena makalata olembetsedwa ndi chitsimikizo cha kutumiza ku adilesi ya Phwandolo.
8.3. Kutumiza makalata opemphedwa ndi maguluwo mwanjira ina yosafotokozeredwa m'ndime 8.2 ya Panganoli sikuloledwa.
8.4. Tsiku lomaliza lofanizira kalata yofunsayo ndiye kuti tsiku lofananira kuti lilingalire masiku ogwirira ntchito kuyambira tsiku lolandila womaliza ndi wowonjezera.
8.5. Mikangano yomwe ili pansi pa Panganoli idzathetsedwa kukhothi molingana ndi lamulo.
9. Zabwino Zomaliza
9.1. Mgwirizanowu umayendetsedwa ndikuwonetsedwa malinga ndi malamulo a Russian Federation. Zovuta sizoyendetsedwa ndi Panganoli zidzathetsedwa malinga ndi malamulo a Russian Federation. Mikangano yonse yomwe ingachitike chifukwa cha ubale womwe udalamulidwa ndi Panganoli imathetsedwa malinga ndi malamulo apano a Russian Federation, malinga ndi malamulo a Russia. M'malemba onsewa mgwirizanowu, mawu oti "malamulo" amatanthauza lamulo la Russian Federation.
Momwe angasamalire mphaka akadzuka
Pobwerera ku chikumbumtima, nyamayo imakhala ikuyenda mosakayika kwa maola angapo, ikunjenjemera ndipo mwina ikugwa. Komanso, mphaka imatha kukhala yankhanza, ikuluma ndi kugunda, kuyesa kukwera kwina kapena kukabisala pamalo obisika. Pakadali pano, samasiyidwa yekha. Kupatula apo, pochita mosazindikira, chiweto chitha kungodzivulaza.
Ngati chiweto chikugwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo sichinakhazikike, mutha kuyitseka chonyamula chake kuti chitetezeke. Pakapita kanthawi, mphaka imadzazindikira bwino - pokhapokha, kutengera mawonekedwe a thupi.
Momwe mungadyetsere ndikumwa kamphaka utatha chimbudzi
Pankhani ya zakudya, madzi amatha kuperekedwa pambuyo pa maola 4-5, ndi chakudya (makamaka kangaude kapena chakudya cha zam'chitini) - pambuyo pa tsiku.
M'masiku oyambilira, nyamayi imatha kusowa chakudya, izi sizabwino. Koma pokana kotheratu chakudya ndi madzi, funsirani kwa veterinarian.
Chifukwa china chopita kuchipatalaku ndikuti ngati kwa masiku angapo mphaka sanalowe mu tray.
Mankhwala ati kupatsa mphaka itatha kukhathamiritsa
Mwina veterinarian amalangiza nyamayo kupereka maantibayotiki. Koma kuchita izi popanda malangizo a dokotala komanso makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, "anthu" sikuyenera, kungavulaze chiweto.
Ngati mukukayikira kuti mphaka ali bwino, funsani dokotala. Mafilimu Amtundu / shutterstock.com
Nthawi zina, kuwonjezerera kusoka kumakhala kofunikira. Momwe mungachitire bwino komanso ngati kuli kofunikira, akatswiri omwe adagwirapo ntchito adzafotokozera. Ngati izi sizofunikira, ndikokwanira kungoyang'ana zidutswa tsiku lililonse kuti zitsimikizike kuti ndi zouma komanso zoyera. Ndiola, ndibwino kulumikizana ndi chipatala mwachangu.
Ngati mukukayika kuti mutha kupereka chisamaliro chofunikira, kapena musakhale ndi nthawi ya izi, pambuyo pa opareshoni, mphaka akhoza kusiyidwa kuchipatala komwe owona za ziweto azisamalira.