Ndipo chifukwa chake, nsomba imapuma mpweya womwe uli m'madzi. Izi zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi chida chapadera chothandizira kupuma - ma gill, omwe amachokera osiyanasiyana. Monga lamulo, gill slits ili m'mphepete (pafupifupi 4-5 awiri a gill lobes). Kusamba kwamadzi ndikudutsa m'miyala kumapereka mpweya wabwino womwe umasungunuka mkati mwake ndikumanyamula mpweya woipa. Kupitilira apo, mpweya umafalitsidwa m'thupi lonse la nsomba.
Komabe, pali mitundu ina ya nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimatha kupuma khungu kapena kulowa mumkati mwa chikhodzodzo choyandama. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zomwe zimatchedwa kupuma kwamatumbo, zomwe zimakhala ndi aquarium catfish (timadontho ta corfish corridoraus) ndi ziwombo, zimatha kulowa m'matumbo.
Ndipo apa tikufika ku funso lomwe limatisangalatsa! Mitundu ina ya nsomba imakhala ndi ziwalo zapadera zomwe mpweya umalowa. Limodzi mwa ziwalozi ndi gill mazill, omwe eni ake ndi a LABYRINTH FAMILY. Labyrinth ndi gawo lapadera la kupuma lomwe limalola mpweya kuti umulidwe mwachindunji kuchokera kumlengalenga. Nsomba zokhotakhota zimapuma, ndikuzimeza pamwamba pa madzi. Chifukwa chake, nsomba zotere sizifunikira kuthandizira kwamadzi! Komabe, ngati kulowa kumtunda kwa madzi kwatsekedwa, nsomba yotereyi imwalira posachedwa. Ndi mtundu wanji wa nsomba zamtundu wankhanira womwe ungakhalepo wopanda mpweya, ndi awa:
Malinga ndi ziwerengero za FanFish, Betta amakongola - nsomba zam'madzi zotchuka kwambiri. Sekondi iliyonse imayamba ulendo wake kudziko la aquarium ndendende ndi cockerel. Kuchokera komwe manda amanda a cockerels amangokhala opanda malire. Ndi kanema wamtunduwu, tinkafuna kujambula zovuta.
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Zomwe nsomba zimatha kukhala popanda mpweya
Pa intaneti, anthu ochulukirapo akuyesera kupeza yankho la funso, kodi ndi nsomba ziti zomwe zingakhale zopanda mpweya? Komabe, yankho silikukwanira. Ndikosatheka kupeza chamoyo chimodzi chokha chomwe chitha kuchita popanda mpweya. Koma pali anthu ena am'madzi omwe amatha kukhala popanda kugwiritsa ntchito madzi.
Kusiyanako pakati pa nsomba ndikuti ena a iwo amalekerera mopanda madzi ndipo amatha kupumira mpweya wamlengalenga. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo, amawatengedwa kuti ndi okhwima kwambiri komanso osadziteteza. Pali mitundu ingapo ya okhalamo, koma, mwatsoka, kutali ndi onse omwe amatha kuzolowera moyo wam'madzi:
- Aquarium catfish kapena m'chiuno. Nsomba izi zimagwiritsa ntchito kupuma kwamatumbo ndi mlengalenga. Izi ndizosavuta. Mphaka wamtunduwo umadzuka pamwamba, kumeza mpweya ndi kumira pansi.
- Labyrinth. Ali ndi dzina lawo chifukwa cha zida zapadera zopumira, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti gill. Njira yonyamula mpweya imafanana ndi njira yapitayo. Oyimira otchuka a aquarium ndi awa: abambo, gourami, laliuses, macropods.
Mitundu ya nsomba zam'madzi zomwe sizikufunika mpweya wabwino
Funso ndilakuti, nsomba zomwe zimatha kukhala popanda oxygen, sizolondola. Zamoyo zonse zimafunikira mpweya. Ndipo nsomba zam'madzi zopanda oxygen sizipulumuka. Ndipo mitundu yomwe imatha kuchita popanda mpweya padziko lapansi kulibe.
Komabe, pali nsomba zomwe zimasinthidwa ndimadzi ochepa kwambiri O2pumani mlengalenga mumlengalenga. Mitundu yotereyi, ikakhala mwachilengedwe, imakonda matupi amadzi othamanga. Nsomba zomwe sizikusowa mpweya wofunikira mumadzi am'madzi zimakhala ndi ziwalo zopumira - matumbo a m'mimba kapena labulamu ya gill.
Nsomba wamba zimatenga mamolekyu a oxygen omwe amwazika m'madzi, chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito ma gill. Ma gill omwe ali kumbali zonse za mutu amakhala ndi zingwe zinayi kapena ziwiri zopindika. Madzi amayenda kudzera m'matumba, ndikupereka mpweya kwa thupi, ndikutenga mpweya woipa.
Koma mitundu ina imapatsidwa njira yopuma mwaukatswiri. Ndi nsomba ziti zomwe sizifunikira mpweya m'madzi:
- Adasinthidwa kuti atenge mpweya kulowa mu chikhodzodzo (monga polytherus - woimira banja lakale la Multi-Feather).
- Kukhala ndi kupuma kwamatumbo (awa ndi ena a nsomba ndi ma loachworm).
- Kukhala ndi maze gill - chiwalo chomwe chimamwa mpweya kuchokera mumlengalenga (monga xenopoma).
Oyimira gulu lotsirizali amatchedwa nsomba za labyrinth. Amakhala osachita chilichonse popanda compressor, koma ngati mwiniwakeyo atatseka chinsalu ndi chivindikiro, kutsekereza mpweya wam'mlengalenga, adzafa.
Ngati thanki yopanda zosefera ndi chosankhidwa ikusankhidwa, kuyeretsa ndi kukonza ziyenera kukhala zokwanira. Madzi amasinthidwa kawiri kapena katatu pamwezi. Amatenga 30% amadzimadzi, kuthira madzi oyera ndi osakhazikika kwa masiku awiri. Ndikosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito madzi popanda kukhazikika, izi zidzatsogolera kuimfa ya nsomba. Amayeretsanso dothi ndi siphon ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa anthu kuti asachulukane.
Otsatirawa ndi mndandanda womwe nsomba zimatha kukhala popanda mpweya ndi fyuluta.
Gourami
Akamanena kuti ndi nsomba iti yomwe imakhala yopanda oxygen m'madzimo, ndiye oyamba kutchulapo gourami wotchuka komanso wokongola. Amatha kuchita popanda okosijeni kwa maola 6-8, ngakhale muzochita sizoyenera kuyang'ana kuti ndi ziweto zingati zomwe zimakhala kuti zisavulaze thanzi lawo.
Gourami ndiosazindikira, abwino kwa oyambira m'madzi am'madzi, ndi ochezeka komanso osewera, amagwirizana ndi anthu ena okonda mtendere am'matanthwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Malangizo a Gurami:
- Kukula kwa tank - kuchokera 50 l, kutalika - kuchokera ku 0.5 m,
- Kupezeka kwa zomera zoyandama kuti zitheke,
- Kupezeka kwa malo othawirako,
- Dothi lakuda, likugogomezera kuwala kwa nsomba,
- Zakudya zosiyanasiyana osagwiritsa ntchito mopambanitsa.
Betta amakongola
Siamese cockerel ndiye woimirira kwambiri wa maze. Imagwira ma thovu am'madzi, yoyandama pamadzi.
Nsomba zam'madzi zimakhala zaka 3-4. Kutsika pang'ono, koma madziwo ayenera kukhala oyera. Ngati thankiyo imatha kupitirira malita 10, ndiye kuti madziwo amasinthidwa kamodzi pa sabata. Ngati kuchuluka kwa madzi am'madzi ndi osakwana 5 l, ndiye kuti madziwo ayenera kusinthidwa kawiri pa sabata.
Nthawi zambiri cockerel imasungidwa monga chiweto chokhacho, kwa munthu m'modzi thanki yomwe imatha kukhala ndi malita atatu ndipo imakwanitsidwa bwino ndi zokongoletsera komanso udzu. Kupangitsa kuti nsomba za thermophilic zikhale zomasuka, zimapanga magawo abwino a chilengedwe: kutentha 24-26 ° C, acidity 6-7.5 pH ndi kuuma kwa 5-12 °.
Lyalius
Nsomba zam'madzi zimakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka zitatu, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe chochepa komanso chamanyazi. Kuti Lilyus akhale womasuka, werengani izi:
- Mphamvu ya thankiyo ndi 15-20 l,
- Nkhokwe zowuma kukhoma lakumbuyo kuti ziberekane,
- Kuphatikiza kwa mbewu ndi chakudya chamoyo,
- Kugawana kwa anansi amtendere, mwachitsanzo, ziguduli, amalupanga.
Kudula kwodziwika
Nsomba zam'madzi zoterezi zimatha kuneneratu nyengo: zikakhala ndi nkhawa, nyengo zanyengo zitha kuyembekezedwa.
Tsinani kusankha wamba. Mukamakhala kunyumba, onani zinthu zotsatirazi:
- Tank 10 l
- Kupanda kukongoletsa ndi m'mbali lakuthwa komanso kudula,
- Kutentha kuyambira 5 mpaka 30 ° C,
- Kudyetsa kumasiyana.
Lyabioz
Nsomba zazikulu zimachita mwakachetechete komanso mwakachetechete. Kugwirizana kwina ndi mitundu ina yosakhala yankhanza ndikokwera, motero nsomba ndiyoyenera kuzithunzithunzi zakunyumba zambiri.
Mulingo woyenera wa lyabiosis:
- 10 L madzi pachilichonse,
- Kutentha kuli 25-25 ° C,
- Zomera zambiri zam'madzi,
- Chakudya chochepa.
Macropods
Mukamalemba mndandanda wa nsomba zomwe zimakhala m'madzi opanda oxygen, iwo amatchulapo zam'madzi zazitali - zokhalitsa, zopatsa mphamvu, zopanda nsomba ndi madzi ozizira. Ali ndi chilengedwe chovuta, chopanda moyo, chogwira nsomba zazing'ono. Ndikofunika kubweretsa kusefera mu aquarium. Kuswana kunyumba ndikupeza mwachangu sikovuta.
Kufotokozera za malo oyenera:
- Kuunikira pang'ono
- Kupanda malo okhala komwe nsomba zimakola,
- Kupezeka kwamadzi akuyandama pamadzi,
- Kukhalapo kwa chivundikiro chomwe sichikuletsa mpweya.
Acanththalmus
Kunena kuti ndi nsomba yanji yomwe imakhala yopanda oxygen m'madzimo, adzakumbukira zomwe sizodabwitsa kwambiri okhala - m'chiuno.
Acantophthalmus ndichizindikiro chokongola. Wamtendere, wodekha, koma wokhoza kuyima payekha: amadziteteza yekha ndi nthyole yakuthwa m'diso lake. Amakhala ndi moyo wapayekha.
- Malo ochepa
- Kupezeka kwa malo othawirako,
- Kukhalapo kwa chivundikiro chodutsa.
Ponena kuti nsomba zam'madzi zimatha kukhala bwanji popanda compressor, catfish nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa. Mitundu ina imalowetsa mpweya mumlengalenga, enanso samadwala chifukwa chosowa mpweya wokhala ndi madzi ochepa.
Zomwe nsomba za banja la a Somov zingachite popanda mpweya:
- Mphaka wamkaka amakhala ndi kupuma kwamatumbo, komabe, chifukwa chakuti amatulutsa madzi, kukweza tinthu tambiri kuchokera pansi, chosungira chokhala ndi fyuluta chimafunikira,
- Zipinda zokomera nkhondo zamtendere zimapumira matumbo,
- Mphaka wa sack-gill ndi Clarius amapuma m'matayala, ndipo amadabwitsanso kuti samangokhala opanda mpweya, komanso wopanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali kuti asunthirepo.
Masamba akuda ndi matako - nsomba izi zopanda mpweya mu aquarium ndizabwino, koma zimafunikira.
Zomwe nsomba zimatha kukhala popanda kuuluka (oxygen)
Nsomba zina zomwe sizisowa mpweya wokwanira m'madzi zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wakumapuma, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ziwalo zapadera kapena njira ina (gill labyrinth, matumbo kapena kupumira kwa khungu).
Nsomba zambiri zimapulumuka popanda ma okosijeni owonjezera, koma kokha ndi aquarium yotseguka! Popanda mpweya, nsomba zokhala ndi ziwalo zopumira zimafa. Chifukwa chake, pamwamba pa madzi sikuyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mbeu.
Nsomba zomwe zimatha kukhala popanda mpweya
Popanda fyuluta
Awa ndi nsomba zodulira kapena zowoneka ngati labyrinth, zomwe pakasinthika zinapanga ma labelinthine owonjezera am'mafupa okhala ndi mucous membrane, chifukwa chomwe amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya kupuma mu aquarium yopanda oxygen. Zopatsa chidwi ndi nsomba zotere ndizosachita kusankha!
Labyrinths akuphatikiza:
- cockerels (nsomba zolimbana, betta),
- onse gourami
- xenopoma
- macropods (nsomba zam'paradiso),
- malupanga
- Milandu ndi ena.
Lyalius
Kuchepetsa nsomba kumafunikira kocheperako payekhapayekha. Kutsika kumalo okhala guppy. Gulu la anthu asanu ndi imodzi akhoza kusungidwa mu malita 40 ndi oyandikana nawo angapo.
Kamodzi pa sabata ndikofunikira kuti madzi asinthe ndikuthira pansi!
Cockerel
Cocterel wa betta amakhala wamfupi koma wowala.
Masheji osasangalatsa akukonzekera kuwononga wachibale wofooka, wopanda kanthu, wowuma.
- kwa nsomba imodzi 5-10 l zakumwa
- Zomera, zinthu zokumba, zinthu zokongoletsa ndizofunikira kutchera ndi pogona kwa wamamuna wankhanza,
- kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana, osati zabwino. Kugulitsa kusakaniza kwapadera kwakapangidwa kwa cockerels,
- musayanjane ndi labyrinths.
Zizindikiro zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa kuti nsomba zimafunikira mpweya wambiri
Ngati nsomba nthawi zambiri zimayamba kutenga mpweya kuchokera pamadzi, ngakhale omwe amakhala nthawi yambiri ya moyo wawo m'magulu am'madzi, ndiye kuti ndiwowopsa. Amafunikiradi okosijeni wosungunuka m'madzi. Kodi achite chiyani pamenepa?
Choyamba ,ayeza madzi ammonia, nitrites, ndi nitrate. Ngati kuchuluka kwodetsa koipa kukuchulukitsidwa, m'malo mwa 40-50% yamadzi ndi magawo oyera, atsopano komanso ovomerezeka. Osathira madzi onse chifukwa amapha ziweto. Ngati mitengo ya ammonia ndi nitrate, ma nitrites ndi abwinobwino, ndiye kuti mukulitse mphamvu ndikuwonjezera miyala ya mpweya kumadzi.
Miyala yam'mlengalenga - chifukwa chani ndipo ndani?
Miyala yam'mlengalenga imakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu njira yosinthira madzi, pali miyala yosiyanasiyana, yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwake. Ndizofunikira kwa nsomba zomwe zimapumira labu, kudzaza madzi ndi mpweya wina. Miyala yaying'ono imayandama pamadzi chifukwa chakuwala komanso kuyandama. Miyala yokhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu ikhoza kuyikidwa kukhoma lakumbuyo kwa aquarium, kuphatikizanso kukongoletsa.
Pa cholembera
Nsomba zambirimbiri sizimabweretsa vuto lililonse pazomwe zili. Kuchuluka kwa malo omwe amakhala sikumachita mbali yofunika kwambiri. Monga nsomba zomwe sizikusowa mpweya wabwino, zimapereka lingaliro pa zina kuti athe kukonza:
- Kutentha kwa madzi aku aquarium kuyenera kukhala 24-27 ° C.
- Dothi logwiritsidwa ntchito liyenera kukhala lamtundu wakuda bwino - izi zimakulitsa mtundu wa nsomba zamtoto, zomwe zimatsimikizira kukongola kwake.
- Akazi am'banja ili amafunikira masamba obiriwira kuti athe kubisala amuna ankhanza.
Nsomba za Labyrinth sizisankha kwambiri chakudya ndipo zimakonda kudya zonse zokhala ndi moyo, komanso zouma kapena zachisanu.
Kuti pakhale bata ndi bata m'madzi, madziwo ayenera kukhala “akale”;
Anthu omwe safuna O2
Nsomba zonse zimamwa oxygen. Kusiyana kwamakina ogwiritsira ntchito. Mmodzi amafunika madzi opaka bwino chifukwa cha izi, pomwe ena amafunikira kuti athe kupezeka ndi okosijeni pansi.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kusowa kwa ndalama zojambulira kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa zinthu monga kuyeretsa ndi siphon, kusintha madzi, komanso kuyesa mayeso.
Mothandizidwa ndi mayeso, mutha kudziwa zomwe zili zothandiza komanso zovulaza m'malo osungirako, mwachitsanzo, nayitrogeni, owononga nsomba.
M'malo achilengedwe, anthu okhala ndi matupi amadzi oyenda, makamaka a malo ozizira, amatha kupuma pakhungu. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa oxygen kudzera pakhungu la nsomba zotere kumafika pa 80%, kuchuluka kwake kuli mpaka 20%.
Nsomba zina zimatha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso wopanda nkhawa, koma zimakhala zosefera.
Spike wamba
Cobitis taeni - yogawidwa ku Europe konse. Dzinali lidalandilidwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe omwe ali m'matomu.
Nyengo isanasinthe, nsomba zimayamba kuda nkhawa, kusambira mwachangu, nthawi zambiri zimagwira mpweya kuchokera pamwamba. M'malo modekha, nsomba zimapumira mpweya mumlengalenga, koma sizimawonekera pamwamba nthawi zambiri.
Mpweya umakhazikika mkati mwa matumbo, ndikupita kuchipinda cham'mbuyo, kumathandizira magazi ndi mpweya, kudzera m'magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe amapezeka m'matumbo.
Zizindikirozi ndizofanana ndipo zimadalira malo okhala.. Chifukwa chake, ngati madzi mu aquarium mulibe okosijeni, ndiye kuti chiuno chimachotsa m'mlengalenga.
Pali lingaliro, lochokera, lomwe, banja la matumba omwe ali ndi matumbo kupumira kwa matumbo kuti asakwere pamwamba pamadzi. Ndipo mpweya wawo wameza umatulukira m'matumbo, ndipo matayala amiyendo amayenda pansi.
Somiki
Nsomba zodziwika bwino zaokonda nsomba za m'madzi. Amakhulupirira kuti nsomba za mphaka sizifunikira mpweya, koma sizowona.
Pali mitundu yomwe imamwa mpweya kuchokera mumlengalenga, pali nsomba za mphaka zomwe sizikufunika kuphatikiza mpweya wabwino. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba zamawangamawanga zimapuma matumbo, zimatulutsa mpweya kuchokera mumlengalenga.
Catfish limakhala m'munsi mwa matupi amadzi. Mukamayenda pang'onopang'ono pansi ndikutembenuzira dothi, kwezani nyansi kuchokera pansi. Pampu yofiyira mu aquarium yokhala ndi catfish sidzangothandiza kusefera, komanso kupangira madzi ndi mpweya.
Ndi fyuluta
Mphalapala zotayirira komanso zotentha zimatha kusonkhanitsa mpweya kuti ukhale gawo lapadera la matumbo. Sack-gill catfish ndi Clarius amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe za supra-gill pakupuma. Nyama zodabwitsazi zimatha kukhalako kwa nthawi yayitali osati kokha ndi mpweya, komanso zopanda madzi. Mwachilengedwe, amasunthira munjira iyi kuchokera ku chosungira chimodzi kupita kwina.
Odziwika kwambiri pakati pamadzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi mwa pansi, mwachitsanzo, amodzi a nsomba. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati "dongosolo" la malo osungirako nyumba, amachotsanso zotsalira za chakudya. Koma, monga okhala pansi, amathandizira kukweza kuyimitsidwa pansi, amataka madzi. Mu malo okhala ndi nsomba zokhala ndi mphaka, kusefera ndikofunikira.
Nsomba zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito kupuma pakhungu. Mwa anthu okhala m'madzi oyimilira ndi madzi ofunda, chizindikirochi chitha kufikira 80% motsutsana ndi chizolowezi 10%. Wamng'ono safunanso kwenikweni pa aeration. Izi ndi nsomba zamtambo, zakuda.
Nsomba zomwe zimafuna kusefa, koma zitha kupatula popanda kukopa, zikuphatikizani:
Zofunikira
Ma Aquariums popanda kusefa ndi kuthandizira amafunika kukonzanso, kuphatikiza:
- poyamba kusankha ziweto zoyenera, poganizira za mitundu yamtundu (ukali, kukula, malo okhala),
- kuyeretsa pafupipafupi ndi siphon,
- Kusintha kwamadzi pang'ono pakapita masiku awiri ndi atatu,
- kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa anthu kuti asachulukane,
- Kuchepetsa kwakanthawi kanyumba kuti asatopetse kuchuluka kwa dziwe lanyumba,
- kuwunikira mosamala mkhalidwe wa ziweto kuti mudziwe mavuto ndi matenda ake pa nthawi yake.
Asodzi a nsomba omwe amafunikira fyuluta ndi oxygen
Pali chisokonezo chakuti ma barbs ndi golide amatha kukhalanso opanda zosefera ndi mpweya, koma sizili choncho. Kwa iwo, zida zowonjezera ndizofunikira (fyuluta, compressor)!
Ma bar ndi oyenera kukhala ndi matanki ang'onoang'ono, makamaka ochepa.
Koma nsomba za m'madzi am'madzi ang'onoang'ono kapena ozungulira zimakhala zazifupi kwambiri kuposa nthawi yomwe zimaperekedwa mwachilengedwe, ngakhale chisamaliro chokwanira.
Kuperewera kwa mpweya
Ziribe kanthu kuti nsomba zilibe chinyengo chotani, zimakhala zopanda kuphatikiza madzi ndi mpweya, zimathanso kuvutika chifukwa chosowa. Zowawa zofunikira m'madzi pamtundu uliwonse wa okhala pansi pamadzi ndizosiyana.
- kupumira msanga, "kutulutsa",
- nsomba zimasambira pamwamba ndikumeza mpweya
- Ngakhale nsomba za pansi nthawi zambiri zimameza mpweya pamwamba,
- kuchepa kwa ziweto,
- pakapita nthawi, kuwala kowoneka bwino kumachepa, kukana matenda, kukula kumachepa.
Kuchulukitsidwa kwa okosijeni m'madzi mu aquarium kumawonjezeka mutatha kudyetsa, ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwa madzi, usiku, makamaka pamaso pa masamba owala. Zomera zonse zam'madzi zimamwa oxygen mumdima.
Njira yothandiza kwambiri yopulumutsira nsomba yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi okosijeni ndikuyikanso compressor ndi mwala wa mlengalenga. Mlengalenga umatuluka, kenako umadzuka, umasakanikirana ndi madzi ndikuwukhatira ndi mpweya. Muwowa yaying'ono, compressor sangakhale wopumira, koma wosakhalitsa kuti asunge zokongoletsa. Ndikokwanira kulumikiza kwa mphindi 40 patsiku (kapena ngati kuli kofunikira) ndikumuyeretsa mpaka nthawi ina. Nthawi yomweyo, madzi apampopi sayenera kumwa! Ziyenera kukhazikika.
Ngati njira zosakhalitsa sizikuthandizira, zida zofunikira ndizofunikira kuti mpweya wabwino ulowe mu aquarium - compressor ndi fyuluta. Fyuluta imafunika kuyeretsa madzi kuchokera ku organics, kuwonongeka kwake komwe kumatenga gawo lalikulu la mpweya. Mphamvu ndi mtundu wa fyuluta zimatengera kuchuluka kwa thankiyo - kuwina kwa kunja kumafunikira 500-litre, ndipo mkati mwake ndikokwanira 50-lita.
Pomaliza
Kuti muwone nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala popanda kupatsidwa zowonjezera za okosijeni, ndikokwanira kukumbukira kuti ayenera kukhala ndi ziwalo zopumira, kupatula ma gill, kapena kukhala odzikuza. Anthu okhala pansi pamadzi oterowo ali osiyanasiyana mitundu ndi mawonekedwe. Guppies yogwira, yotha kugwira ntchito imakhalanso yowoneka bwino komanso yolimba. Maguleredwe achitetezo amalimbikitsa gawo lonse. Mwa amuna ooneka ngati ankhondo pali anthu okongola kwambiri. Ndipo ndikosavuta kwa iwo malupanga kuti atenge anansi.
Aliyense akhoza kupanga ngodya zamtchire kunyumba!
Mitundu ya nsomba yomwe imakhala yopanda oxygen
Ndikufuna kudziwa kuti palibe cholengedwa chilichonse chomwe chingapitirize moyo wake popanda mpweya. Komabe, pakati pa nsomba zam'madzi pali oimira oterewa omwe sangapume mpweya wofunikira mumadzi a aquarium, koma alandireni kuchokera kumlengalenga wamlengalenga. Ma Macropod, m'chiuno ndi ma labyrinth amatha kugwira mpweya kuchokera pamadzi ndikuwugwira matupi awo kwakanthawi.
Olanda amatha kulowa m'matumbo. Mmodzi mwa oimira nsomba oterewa ndi makonde a catfish. Awa ndi tinsomba ting'onoting'ono pafupifupi 3-7 cm. kumbuyo kwawo ali ndi chigoba cha mafupa. Mtundu wofala kwambiri ndi imvi. Izi ndi nsomba zamtendere zomwe zimagwirizana bwino ndi oimira ena. Amakonda kubisala m'misala, nthawi zambiri amakumba pansi momwe akufunafuna chakudya.
Gawani mitundu pafupifupi 150 ya makonde. Zambiri ndizapamwamba monga golide, maanga, panda, statis, adolfi, nyalugwe, Venezuela.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa mtundu wa nsomba zam'madzi ndi zaka 10-12.
Mitundu ya nsomba za Macropod ndi labyrinth imakhala ndi kachulukidwe kapadera kamene kamawathandizanso kumeza mpweya kuchokera pansi. Ganizirani za oimira odzikuza kwambiri komanso wamba.
Betta Cockerel
Nsomba zokongola kwambiri, ngakhale zili zankhanza, sizigwirizana ndi anansi awo. Msodzi m'modzi amafunika malita 5-10 amadzi. Amuna ndi ochulukirapo. Zosakaniza zapadera za iwo zimapezeka zogulitsa. M'madzimo, zomerazi ziyenera kupezekapo kuti zazimuna zizitha kupeza malo pobzala, komanso zazimuna zamwano.
Ndi angati angakhale ndi moyo popanda mpweya
Mugawo lapitalo, tidazindikira kuti palibe chamoyo chilichonse chomwe chingakhalepo popanda mpweya.
Ngati nzika za m'mizinda yanu ndizoyimira mitundu yomwe tafotokozazi, musadandaule. Amasinthidwa kuti azikhala m'madzi popanda chochita.
Komabe, pali nsomba zambiri zomwe zimafunikira mpweya m'madzi, chifukwa sizikhala ndi moyo. Nthawi zina zitha kuchitika kuti magetsi azimitsidwa, zida zomwe zili m'madzimo sizikugwira ntchito. Funso lomveka limabuka - ndi angati nsomba zotere zomwe zimatha kupirira popanda mpweya.
Palibe yankho limodzi. Zonse zimatengera kuchuluka kwa malo anu okhala, kupezeka kwa masamba mmenemo.
Ngati kuchuluka kwamadzi mu nsomba imodzi kumalemekezedwa, malo am'madzi samadzaza, pali mbewu zam'madzi momwemo, ndiye titha kunena molimba mtima kuti nsombayi ilidi ndi moyo kwa maola angapo.
Zamoyo zopanga zimatulutsa mpweya, womwe, ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono kuposa zida zapadera, umakwaniritsa madzi.
Ndiwodzaza nsomba zingati?
Funso ili ndizovuta kuyankha mopanda chidwi. Udindo wofunikira umaseweredwa ndi kukula kwa aquarium palokha komanso kukula kwa ziweto. Kuchulukitsa kwa nsomba, kuchuluka kwa madzi kuyenera kugwera pa munthu m'modzi. Mwachitsanzo, kwa nsomba ya 5 cm, malita awiri amadzi ndi okwanira. Ngati nsomba ndi 8-10 cm, ndiye kuti malita 5 akufunika kale. Kwa anthu akuluakulu, omwe kukula kwake ndi oposa 12 cm, muyenera malita 10 amadzi iliyonse.
Komabe, pali zosiyana zina pamalamulo awa. Ngati muli ndi malo ocheperako okhala ndi malo owerengera nsomba, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa nsomba kumatha kuchuluka, chifukwa madzi omwe amapezeka bwino amakhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Ngati mukufuna kupeza mtundu uliwonse wa nsomba, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu kungachulukenso. Koma ngati mukufuna kubereka nsomba zagolide, ndiye kuti azikhala bwino ngati aliyense atakhala ndi madzi ambiri, chifukwa amatulutsa zinyalala zambiri.
Ngati nsombazo sizigwira ntchito, ndiye kuti madzi pa chiweto chilichonse chimafunikira chochepa poyerekeza ndi nsomba zomwe zimagwira.
Kupezeka kwa kusefera ndi kompani zimakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa nsomba zam'madzi. Ngati muli ndi zida zonse zofunika, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa nsomba kumatha kuwonjezereka, chifukwa madzi am'madziwo amatsukidwa, ndipo mpweya umadzaza ndi mpweya.
Kapangidwe ka aquarium ndikofunikira. Anthu ambiri amakonda malo ozungulira. Zowonadi, ndizokongola, zoyenera kulowa mkati. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti si onse omwe angakhale ndi zida zofunika. Mwachitsanzo, aquarium yaying'ono yozungulira, pafupifupi malita 5 kukula kwake, yopangidwa ngati galasi, siabwino kwambiri kuti nsomba zizikhala. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pothamangitsa kwakanthawi.
Mwambiri, pozungulira nsomba zam'madzi, mitundu ya nsomba monga catfish, cockerels, laliuses ndiyabwino kwambiri. Kuchulukana kwakukhazikika kwawo kumayenera kuganiziridwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe a nsomba. Kuphatikiza apo, musaiwale kuti mu aquarium mulibe nsomba zokha, komanso nthaka, algae. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuchotsa peresenti ya 10-15 kuchokera ku voliyumu ya aquarium, pokhapokha pokhapokha kuwerengera chiwerengero cha anthu.
Kubowola nsomba kumafunikira madzi ambiri, ndiye muyenera kuwasunga m'madzi akuluakulu. Nsomba zokhazikika zimafunanso danga lalikulu.
Mukamadzaza madzi am'madzi, yesetsani kukhala ndi anthu pazigawo zonse.
Sikovuta kuzindikiritsa kuti: ngati pakamwa pakutembenuka - chigawo chapamwamba chili chogawana - pakati, chimayang'ana pansi - pansi.
Mwapatsidwa malingaliro onsewa, mutha kupanga chilengedwe chenicheni mu nyumba yanu momwe onse okhalamo azikhala omasuka.
Momwe mungasamalire aquarium
Kusamalidwa kwa Aquarium kumaphatikizapo kutsuka nthawi zonse chinkhupule. Zidole sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito, sambani kokha ndi madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kugula siphon ya dothi ndikuigwiritsa ntchito kuyeretsa. Kusamalira aquarium kumaphatikizapo kusinthanitsa ndi madzi pang'ono.
Ngati malo anu okhala alibe zida ndi zosefera, amafunika chisamaliro chapadera.
Sinthani madzi nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe muli ndi zida zamagetsi. Pafupifupi, njirayi imachitika katatu pamwezi. 20-30 peresenti yamadzi amachotsedwa mu aquarium, ndipo madzi oyera, oyera amakhazikika m'malo mwake. Simungathe kuthira madzi mwachindunji kuchokera pampopi, nsomba zimafa. Iyenera kuima masiku awiri.
Mu kanema wotsatira, mutha kudziwa zomwe zimachitika pokonza ndi kusamalira nsomba zam'madzi za aquarium.
Ziweto ziti zomwe sizikusowa compressor
Nsomba za Aquarium zimatha kumasula mamolekyu a oxygen m'madzi. Njira yodzigulirayi imachitika kudzera m'matumba. Madzi odutsa pamiyala 4 kapena 5 yamatumbo amatulutsira O2 ndipo nthawi yomweyo amachotsa mpweya woipa wambiri. Kuchokera m'matumbo, ma molekyulu a okosijeni amatengedwa thupi lonse.
Pali nsomba zamitundu mitundu zomwe zimatha kupumira pakhungu, kapena mpweya umamveka mu chikhodzodzo. Mitundu ina, monga ma nsomba ang'onoang'ono am'madzi, imatha kupuma matumbo.
Mthupi la labyrinth la nsomba mumakhala gawo linalake la kupuma - lotchedwa labyrinth, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wambiri wa mpweya kuchokera mumlengalenga. Ziwetozo zimayandama m'mphepete mwa madzi ndikumeza mpweya. Labyrinths safuna mlengalenga wowonjezera wamadzi.
Mpweya ndi mpweya
Choyamba, tiona momwe nsomba zimapumira. Wina anganene kuti iyi ndi sayansi yachilengedwe pasukulu yasekondale, kuti ndi yoyamba, ndipo wina angaganize. Chifukwa chake, timafotokoza. Nsomba (kupatula ma labyrinths, mwachitsanzo) zimapuma mpweya. Chifukwa chake agalu amakhala popanda mpweya, akhale ndi moyo ndipo adzakhala ndi moyo.
Izi zimachitika kuti nsomba zimapuma mpweya wabwino, sizingakhale moyo popanda iwo. Ziphuphu sizophweka. Izi nsomba ndizosangalatsa komanso chosasangalatsa kotero kuti zimapulumuka ngakhale m'madzi okhala ndi mpweya wochepa.
Kusunga gupeshka mumtsuko ndizovomerezeka pokhapokha ngati mukusuntha kapena kuyeretsa aquarium yayikulu.
Zachidziwikire aliyense ali ndi nkhani yokhudzana ndi momwe mwana wake wamwamuna yemwe anali ndi ana amapanga naye nkhomaliro mu lita zitatu, popanda chowongolera chilichonse ndipo akumva bwino. Wokhala ndi moyo - inde, palibe kutsutsana. Koma ndikukayika kwambiri kukhala bwino kwanga. Ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa okosijeni, guppies imazimiririka, imangokhala yocheperako ndipo, monga momwe timayembekezera, imayamba kugwera matenda. Ngati simuli flayer, ndiye kuti mudzayesa kupanga moyo wa chiweto chanu chokhala bwino komanso chamtundu wapamwamba. Ziphuphu zakufunikira:
- Kutentha kwamadzi ambiri ndi madigiri 24,
- Kumasulidwa sabata ndi tsiku mpaka 25% ya madzi aku aquarium ndi abwino,
- Kuuma pamtunda wa 10 mpaka 25 ° dH,
- Kuthekera kuchokera pa malita 20 pa banja lililonse,
- Kukhalapo kwa zomera zamoyo.
Werengani zambiri za zomwe zili molondola pa guppy patsamba lathu.
Kodi miyala ya oxygen
Mutha kupereka miyala m'miyala ndi okosijeni. Yankho lotere ladzaza madzi ndi mpweya wokwanira kwa moyo wabwinobwino wa nsomba mumadzi.
Miyala ndi yaying'ono, yoyandama pamadzi, ndipo yayikulu, yomwe imatsikira pansi. Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi osungirako, sankhani miyala ya mpweya yofunikira, komanso pampu yofunikira.
Musanagwiritse ntchito mwala wa mpweya, uyenera kumizidwa kaye m'madzi kwa mphindi 15. Nthawi ndi nthawi, mwala umafunika kutsukidwa.
Aeration mu aquarium - maziko a biofiltration
Aeration ndikuyenda kwa mtsinje wamadzi, chifukwa chomwe umapangidwa ndi mpweya. Panthawi imeneyi, mpweya wochokera mumlengalenga umadutsa makulidwe amadzi, ndikudzilekanitsa ndi tizinthu ting'onoting'ono, tomwe, tikamayanjana ndi madzi, timadzaza ndi mpweya (O2). Chiwerengero chochuluka cha thovu chimapereka mpweya wabwino kwambiri.
Mu chilengedwe, kuthandizira kumachitika mophweka - mphepo, makiyi amadzi, madzi amapanga kutuluka, koma izi sizingatheke mu aquarium. M'malo otsekedwa, wogulitsa wamkulu wa O2 akhoza kukhala zomera ndi zida zapadera zomwe zimapanga mtsinje wamadzi wokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira. Ndi kutha kwabwinobwino m'madzi am'madzi, ntchito zonse za moyo zimakhala zofunikira.
Zomwe nsomba zimatha kuchita popanda madzi kwa zaka
Aliyense amadziwa kuti nsomba zimakhala m'madzi ndipo sizingakhale popanda iyo kwakanthawi kochepa. Koma pakati pa oimira gululi pali amisiri apadera omwe safa, kukhala kunja kwa malo wamba. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi njira zopulumukira bwino kumadera achipululu a dziko lapansi, momwe mitsinje ndi nyanja zimakhala nyengo. Tilankhula za nsomba zomwe zimakonda kupuma kawiri.
Ili ndi gulu lakale la nsomba zam'madzi zatsopano zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nyanga-zopangidwa ndi nyanga, zomwe zimakhala kumadera louma a Africa, South America ndi Australia. Mitundu 6 ya zolengedwa zodabwitsazi idapezekabe mpaka pano: dzino la ku Australia lomwe lili ndi nyanga, mitundu inayi ya zofanizira zaku Africa, ndi flake yaku South America. Mwa nsomba zonse, zopanda mpweya ndiz abale apafupi kwambiri a tetrapods, kapena tetrapods. Kutenga kwakumaso ndi kumeta kumutu, komwe ma coelacanth ndi ochokera kwa kholo limodzi ku Devonia, zaka pafupifupi mamiliyoni 350 zapitazo. Mano amakono okhala ndi nyanga amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, omwe amawasiyanitsa kwambiri ndi ena oimira gulu la nsomba.
Pa chithunzichi: Africa protopter
Chowonadi ndi chakuti nsomba izi zimakhala ndi chikhomo cha m'mapapo, zomwe zimapanga kukhala chiwalo chomwe chimagwira ntchito yam'mapapu, monga nyama zapadziko lapansi. Pafupifupi nsomba zonse zimakhala ndi chikhodzodzo cha m'mapapo, koma chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga lamulo, kuwongolera kuya kwa kumizidwa. Ndipo nsomba zopumira movutikira, chiwalochi chimagwira ngati chida chothandizira kupuma chomwe chimatseguka mbali yotsekemera ya esophagus. Dzino la nyanga yolumikizidwa limakhala ndi mapapu amodzi, ndipo linzake lakutulutsa ulili ndi awiri.
Izi zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wopuma kwambiri usamangokhala m'madzi ndi mitsinje yomwe ili ndi mpweya, komanso kuti mukhale opanda madzi. Kwa kanthawi chilala, amayamba kunyowa ndikumadziwirira nthawi yamvula isanayambe. Nthawi yomweyo, monga nyama zina zokhala ndi makanema oimilira, magwiridwe antchito ofunika amachepetsa m'miyendo yokhala ndi mano, samakhala opanda madzi ndi chakudya kwa miyezi ingapo. Ndipo nthumwi zina zodzipatula, monga ma protopter aku Africa, zimatha kukhala mpaka zaka 4 ali mtulo.
Mu chithunzichi: dzino la ku Australia kapena barramunda
Australia ya Horned Tooth kapena Barramundus ndiyomwe imayimira mabungwe pa mpungwepungwe uno komanso kumapeto kwake. Ili ndi nsomba yayikulu mpaka 175 cm kutalika kwake ndipo limalemera mpaka 10 kg. Ili ndi thupi lalikulu, lokakamizidwa kuchokera kumbali.Imapezeka kokha m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Burnett ndi Mary ku Queensland kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Australia. Amadziwika ndi pang'onopang'ono komanso malo ochulukirapo am'madzi am'madzi. Mano okhala ndi nyanga okhala mkati mwake amatuluka mpaka mphindi 40-50 kuti apume. Pakukhazikika kwa matupi amadzi, amasungidwa m'maenje ochepa ndi madzi.
Ndipo ku kontinenti ya Africa pali mitundu inayi ya ma protopter, ofanana wina ndi mzake m'moyo. Malo awo ndi nyanja zatsopano (Chad, Victoria, Tanganyika ndi ena) ndi mitsinje ya ku Africa yotentha makamaka yokhala ndi madzi osasunthika. Izi ndi nsomba zazikulu kwambiri zokhala ndi kukula kwamasentimita 85 mpaka 130. Oteteza nthawi zonse amakwera kumtunda kuti akamize mpweya. Pogwiritsa ntchito kupuma kwa gill, nsomba zachikulire zimalandira, pafupifupi, 2% yokha ya mpweya wabwino, ndi 98% yotsalira kudzera kupuma. Ndiye kuti, ndi nyama zomwe zimapumira mpweya, koma zimakhala m'madzi. Ndikofunika kwa owerenga kuti chinthu chachilendo kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi chinsomba - kuyereketsa. Amakhala mpaka miyezi 9 ali hibernation, komanso ochulukirapo nthawi yachilala chadzaoneni. Mbiri ya hibernation ya protopter inalembedwa panthawi yoyeserera ndipo inafika zaka 4. Umu ndimomwe nsomba zambiri zidayimidwira popanda kuvulaza thanzi.
Mamba aku America ali ofanana kwambiri pakapangidwe kawo ndi moyo wawo kwa abale awo aku Africa.
Kuphatikiza pa kufunikira kwakukulu kwa sayansi yachilengedwe, nsomba zopumira zimakondweretsanso akatswiri odziwa zamagulu omwe amapanga nawo mapangidwe ogona. Asayansi atulutsa zinthu kuchokera ku ubongo wa tulo toyerekeza ndi mbewa zaku labotale, ndipo zitatero anangokhala maola 18 osakhalitsa. Kafukufuku wowonjezereka pankhani iyi akupitirirabe.
Kuswana kwamphaka
Ngati nsomba za mphaka zokha zimasambira mu thanki yanu, osadandaula, simuyenera kuchita chilichonse. Ndipo ngati muli ndi nsomba zosakanikirana, ndibwino kuti muzitha kuziyika nsomba zam'madzi mu chidebe china ndi madzi oyera, ndikofunikira kuti voliyumu ndi malita 30 mpaka 40.
Nthawi zambiri kwa mayi m'modzi kumakhala kokwanira kusankha amuna atatu achimuna. Ndikofunikira kupereka malo awo atsopano okhala ndi algae ndi nthaka yofewa.
Kupangitsa kuti nsomba za mphaka zizikhala momasuka ndikuyamba kukwatirana - sinthani madzi tsiku lililonse kwa masiku angapo. Kutentha kuyenera kukhala 17-15 ° C. Madzi omaliza ndi mpweya nthawi zambiri. Mutha kuyika aquarium m'malo amdima kapena kuphimba ndi china chake, chifukwa mphaka sizimayenda tsiku. Ngati malamulo onse atsatiridwa, pakatha masiku 5-7 mudzawona zotsatira.
Mndandanda wa tinsomba tating'onoting'ono
Ndi nsomba zam'madzi zamtundu wankhanza zomwe zimayenda bwino kwa woyamba kumene yemwe sadziwa zambiri pakusamalira nsomba za m'madzi? Mukafuna kupanga zikhalidwe zabwino kwa ziweto zanu, mutha kusankha nsomba zazing'ono komanso zokongola zokhala ndi mtendere wamtendere womwe ungakhale m'mathanki osakhala ndi magetsi ambiri.
Agalu ndi amodzi mwamakola otchuka kwambiri am'madzi. Kunja kowoneka bwino kwambiri, kokongola, kokhala ndi ponytail yokongola. Itha kusungidwa m'mathanki ang'onoang'ono kuchokera ku malita 40, kulekerera kusintha kwa magawo amadzi. Ziphuphu zina zimatha kupirira kusowa kwa kusefera, kuchulukitsa, mbewu, ngakhale kukhazikika sikumavomerezeka. Nsomba zamtundu wa guppy ndizambiri, zotupa. Gwirizanani bwino ndi nsomba zazing'ono komanso zamtendere. Pazifukwa izi, akhala akutchuka m'dziko lathu kwazaka zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikuwoneka bwino - mutha kusankha gulu la nsomba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, omwe mbadwa zake zidzakhala zokongola kwambiri.
Onerani kanema wonena za kusunga guppy, chisamaliro ndi kuswana.
Omwe amagwira lupanga - amadziwika mosavuta ndi ndalama za pacudal, zomwe amuna amamaliza ndi "lupanga" m'munsi mwa mchira. Palinso mitundu yambiri yamalupanga: kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu, kukula kwake, mawonekedwe akutsimikizira kuti ndi ziweto zosangalatsa kwambiri. Ubwino wake ndiwakuti amalimba, agwirizane ndi nsomba zambiri zokongoletsa, osawononga zokongoletsera za aquarium. Ndikofunika kukhazikika mu thanki yama 20-50 lita, momwe mumakhala malo ambiri komanso masamba owuma. Malupanga amatha kudzipangira okha - amatha kukhazikika ndi nsomba zogwira ntchito, zomwe zimakonda kuvutitsa anzawo. Amuna aku Swords ndi okhathamira chifukwa chachikazi chamtunduwu mwadzidzidzi chimakhala chachimuna, chomwe chimamupulumutsa pamavuto.
Makhoma a Somiki ndi anthu osanyalanyaza okhala m'mizinda yakunyumba. Monga mukudziwa, nthawi zambiri nsomba zam'madzi zimakhala zopanda kukonza, ngakhale zimafunitsitsa kuthandiza kuyeretsa thankiyo - zimadya zotsalazo zomwe zimadyedwa ndi theka, zimadya. Osasokoneza oyandikana nawo, pamene akusambira m'madzi apansi. Ma corridoras amatha kutchedwa nsomba "zopumira", kuphatikiza pakupuma movutikira, amalowetsa mpweya m'matumbo, omwe amawathandiza kuti azitha kupulumuka. Khalidwe la nsomba ndiyofatsa, lamtendere, amatha kukhazikika ngakhale ndi nsomba zokulirapo. Zosungidwa bwino pagulu. Chosangalatsa cha ziweto izi ndikuti anthu ena amanyamula ndi majeremusi ngati adasungidwa molakwika asanagule. Makulidwe awo ndi ang'ono - kuchokera 3 mpaka 10 cm, kuti mutha kudutsa m'mizinda yaying'ono.
Molliesia ndi nsomba zanyama za banja la Pecilieva. Makamaka olimba, kupirira pang'ono kusintha kwa magawo amadzi. Komabe, matupi awo samalimbana ndi kubereka kwachilengedwe - madzi akuda, kutentha pang'ono kwa madzi, madzi abwino. Mumakonda madamu opaka mchere komanso kuwala kowala. Ma mollies ena amatha kutsutsana ndi ogwira lupanga, barba. Khalidwe ndilamtendere, koma osatsimikizika.
Ma Tetras ndi banja lina lodziwika la Kharacin. Mosiyana ndi ma cororor ndi guppies, sangathe kupulumuka m'malo ovuta - amafunika mpweya wambiri wosungunuka m'madzi oyera. Kutsegulira nsomba, mutha kukhazikika mu thanki imodzi yokhala ndi malita 35, gulu laanthu amodzi a 5-6.
Gurami - yosavuta kusunga nsomba, yoyenera oyamba kumene. Afunikira magawo a mpweya wakumwamba, motero muyenera kutsatira zozizwitsa. Gourami imatha kudzilimira yokha, kudya amoyo, oundana ndi kubzala chakudya. Nthawi zina gourami imatha kukhala yankhanza kwa mitundu yawo ya nsomba.
Onani momwe mungakhalire ndi ngale gourami.
Barbus - ziweto zomwe ndizosavuta kuzisamalira ndi kuzisamalira, koma ndi chikhalidwe chotani! Poganizira kuti akuphunzira nsomba, amatha kupeza anansi ena, makamaka zipse zowala komanso zowala. Awa ndi oyendetsa ma aquariums apanyumba, amatha kuvutitsa ngakhale ma cichlids akulu, sayenera oyang'anira wamba wamba. Ubwino wa barbs - kupirira, kukhalapo, mawonekedwe okongola.
Slider nsomba (chinanazi kapena nsomba yoyatsira)
Anabasi kapena nsomba zotsatsira
Ku India kuli phula lomwe limayenda, lomwe limathanso kukhala kunja kwa madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Nyumba yamtunduwu ikauma, nsomba zimabisalira mu silika. Ngati dziwe silidzaza kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti nsombayo imakwawa kuti ikayang'anire kwina.
Anabesi akunyamuka
Tchire limakwawa pa zipsepse zolimba zomwe zimakhala pachifuwa, komanso paminga paminga. Kodi nsomba zimapuma bwanji? Mpweya umalowa mkatikati moyandikira matumba ndipo umalowa m'magazi kuchokera pamenepo.
Kuphwanya nsomba
Nsomba zina zimatha kukhala osati m'madzi, komanso pamtunda, pakati pawo oimira mabanja a nthenga za Multi-nthenga (, nthenga zambiri za ku Nile). Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kapadera ka chikhodzodzo, amatha kutulutsa mpweya kuchokera mumlengalenga ndikupumira kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake nthawi zina amakhala pamtunda.
Onerani kanema wonena za polypterus waku Senegal.
Palinso banja la nsomba zomwe zimafunikira mpweya wa mumlengalenga - awa ndi mitundu ya Macropod. Iyi ndiye aquarium yodziwika bwino, gourami, cockerels, colises, onyamula ulusi. Oimira ena a banja ili ndi gawo lapadera lolimbitsa thupi, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi kuti mulowetse mpweya wanu.
Kuphatikiza pa mitunduyi, palinso nthumwi za mabanja ena am'madzi zomwe zimatha kupeza mpweya m'matumbo. Izi zikuphatikizapo omwe akupeza O2 mu anus. Kupuma kwamkati kumakuthandizani kuti muzithamanga m'madzi chifukwa cha gawo la mpweya, kotero mumatha kuwona momwe nsombazi zimadzuka mwachangu ndikubwerera pansi.
Aquarium O oxygen Generator
Popeza kulibe nsomba zotere zomwe zimatha kukhala popanda oxygen, muyenera kudziwa ngati zolengedwa zam'madzi "zomwe zimapuma" zimafunikira malo ena aliwonse omangidwa? Inde, ndipo chachikulu ndicho kukakamizidwa kofunikira mu aquarium. Anthu oterowo amatha kukhala m'madzi momwe mumakhala momwe mumapezekera mpweya wa m'mlengalenga ndi O2 m'madzi. Popeza atasonkhana paulendo wautali, aerator amafunikanso kupulumutsa miyoyo ya ziweto izi. Kusiyana pakati pa chivundikiro cha m'madzi ndi pamwamba pa madzi kuyenera kukhala kwaderanso kuti athe kupumira m'malo awo amlengalenga.
Kodi mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kutentha kwamadzi ambiri zimakhudza bwanji kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino?
Nsomba zikadwala komanso kukhala kwaokha, mankhwala amatha kuwapulumutsa ku matendawa. Komabe, mmalo mophatikiza mankhwala, mumayenera kukweza kutentha kwa madzi kuti nsomba zikhale zathanzi. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito ku mitundu yotentha ya thermophilic, yomwe imakhala yotupa komanso yofooka chifukwa cha kutentha pang'ono padziwe. Monga lamulo, mankhwala akawonjezeredwa, amathandizira, chifukwa zinthu zimaletsa mpweya wabwino kulowa m'madzi. Chifukwa chake, kukhala ndi fyuluta yabwino ndichinthu chowonjezera chomwe chingathandize kusinthana kwa oxygen m'mphepete yonse ya madzi.
Mitengo yokwezeka imachepetsa kuthira kwa mpweya m'madzi, chifukwa chake aeration amayenera kupitilizidwa. Izi ndizofunikira kwa mitundu ya nsomba yokonda kuzizira komanso ma amphibians omwe amafunikira mpweya. Kuthandiza mwamphamvu ndikuchepetsa kutentha kwa madzi mu aquarium pamlingo wovomerezeka kudzathetsa vutoli mwachangu.
Kusefedwa
Ngati fayilo singasakanikize magawo onse amadzi, ndiye kuti iyenera kusinthidwa kuti ikhale ndi chisokonezo chochulukirapo. Pankhaniyi, mutha kuwonjezera aerator. Zomwe zimatchedwa zosefera zamkati zimapezeka kukhoma lakumbuyo kwamadzi, zimakhala ndi mphamvu zamphamvu, zikukankhira mpweya m'madzi. Koma zosefera za canister aquarium ziyenera kusinthidwa kuti madziwo apukutidwe ndikusakanizika pamtunda. Zosefera zakumunsi sizimadzaza madzi ndi mpweya, ndiye kuti pampu imalumikizidwa nawo. Masamba owuma komanso onyowa amadzaza madzi ndi mpweya, kusakaniza madzi, motero, ndizovomerezeka.
Onerani kanema wonena za opopera m'madzi a m'madzi.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati mukuyenera kuyendetsa nsomba pamtunda wautali?
Mukamayenda maulendo ataliatali ndi nsomba, mumayenera kukhala pachiwopsezo. Kukhazikitsa choperekera pamagetsi ndikofunikira. Iwapatsa nsombawo mpweya wokwanira wosungunuka, ndikuwathetsa nkhawa. Mutha kugula aerator / pampu yamagetsi yomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali. Mphamvu yamagetsi imagulitsidwa kwa iwo, chifukwa chake simuyenera kuda nkhawa ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito.
M'mphepete mwa aquarium yozungulira
Othandizira kumadzi aubweya amakonda zojambula zam'misewu, pomwe amakayikira zazingwe zozungulira. Mutha kumva kuti kuzungulira kwa aquarium ndikosavuta kuyisamalira, ndizowopsa paumoyo wa nsomba, ndipo kusamalira sikudzilungamitsa.
M'malo mwake, zomwe zili mu botolo ili ndi zovuta zingapo. Koma kutsatira malamulo ena ndikudziwa nsomba zomwe zili zoyenera kumalola kukhala ndi moyo wautali kuti atsimikizire moyo wokhala mmalo mwake. Ndipo, chabwino, chikhala chokongoletsera chabwino kwambiri chamkati.
Zida
Zida zofunika zimaphatikizapo:
Ngati aquarium yozungulira ili ndi chidwi, ndiwothandiza kuthana ndi zolakwika zake, koma osawopa. Choyamba, sankhani kuchuluka kwake. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kuchuluka kwa ma aquariums ozungulira ndi malita 10, koma mutha kugula zotsalazo ndi malita 20 kapena 30.
Mufunika zida zapadera kuti mupange malo abwino. Ichi ndi chosakanizira, fyuluta ya pansi ndi chotenthetsera. Ndikofunikira kuperekera aquarium yagalasi ndikuwunikira, komabe, zimakhala zovuta kukhazikitsa nokha. Pofuna kuti musasokoneze moyo wanu, ndibwino kugula chidebe ndi nyali yomangidwa.
Zina zonse, chotenthetsera, fyuluta ndi compressor zimagulidwa mosiyana. Ku malo ogulitsa ziweto mutha kupeza zitsanzo zapadera zokhala ndi zotengera kuzungulira - mwachitsanzo, fyuluta ya ozungulira pansi kapena chosakanizira chovomerezeka chomwe chimadzipangira chokhazikika. Pali ma aquariamu okhala ndi fyuluta yomangidwa.
Kuphatikiza pa zida, mudzafunika chophimba cha aquarium yozungulira. Ali ndi ntchito zingapo nthawi imodzi:
- chimaletsa nsomba kuti isalumphe mu tank,
- amateteza ku amphaka achidwi omwe angafune kudya nsomba,
- luminaire imayikidwa pachikuto.
Kupeza chophimba padera kungakhale kovuta. Ichi ndi chifukwa chachiwiri ndikwabwino kusankha aquarium yozungulira yomwe ili ndi chivindikiro. Choyimira pama aquarium chikuphatikizidwa, koma chitha kupangidwa kuyitanitsa kapena kugula payokha mu sitolo.
Makonzedwe ndi chisamaliro
Zokongoletsera zimakhazikitsidwa ndi minimalism. Ngati mumadzaza nsomba m'madzimo ndi zinthu ndi zokongoletsera, sizivuta kuyang'ana nsomba.
Ndikwabwino kuti tisatenge dothi labwino kwambiri: pang'onopang'ono limapangitsa madziwo kukhala ochepa. Makamaka ngati aquarium ili ndi fayilo ya pansi. Timiyala ting'onoting'ono timawoneka wokongola mu aquarium yozungulira. Mutha kuwonjezera miyala ina yokongola.
Musaiwale za mawonekedwe a okosijeni ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi cockerel mumtsuko.
Pafupifupi 20% yamadzi imasinthidwa sabata iliyonse .. Musaiwale kuyeretsa fyuluta, imaphimba mwachangu. Nthawi zina mphaka wa pansi kapena nkhono imatha kuthandiza kuti pakhale ukhondo. Kusamalira kwathunthu kumafunikira kutulutsa dothi pafupipafupi.
Galasi yozungulirako galasi siiliyonse. Ganizirani mozama za mtundu wa nsomba zomwe mukufuna kupeza - ma guppies, swordsman kapena cockerel. Osamadzaza m'madzimo, ndikuyeretsa nthawi zonse, osadumphira pazida, ndipo kwanthawi yayitali mkati mwanu mudzakongoletsedwa ndi mpira wamadzi pang'ono.
Kodi nsomba zimatha kukhala nthawi yayitali bwanji popanda kudyetsa?
Nthawi zambiri, pa intaneti komanso m'mabuku apadera a asodzi am'madzi, munthu akhoza kupeza zonena kuti kumenya nsomba kumakhala koyenera ndipo sikukupweteketsa nsomba. Mwa zina, izi ndi zomveka, chifukwa anthu ambiri am'madzi amamwa ziweto zawo. Koma kumwa nsomba kwambiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri kumakhudzanso thanzi lawo ndipo izi zikufotokozedwa motere:
- kusintha kwamtundu wachilengedwe,
- kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira,
- kuchepa kwa ntchito.
Kuti thupi la anthu okhala m'madzimo lizitha kugwira ntchito bwino, ndikofunikira kuti lizitsatira njira yodyetsedwera yolondola yokhala ndi zinthu zonse zofunika komanso kufufuza zinthu.
Ngati tisamaganizira za kuchuluka kwa nsomba, ndiye kuti kufa ndi njala kwakanthawi kokwanira, monga tanena kale, kudzakhala koyenera.
Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti chifukwa cha nsomba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuchuluka kwa masiku osala popanda kuvulaza thanzi kumasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ndikofunikira kuti ma cichlids, catfish, scalars ndi neons azilandira chakudya chochuluka, ndipo kumenyedwa ndi njala kumawavulaza kuposa zabwino, ngakhale pakudya kwambiri. Mitunduyi imatha kukhala popanda chakudya kwa sabata limodzi.
Zonsezi mwachangu zimafunikira kudya pafupipafupi chifukwa chosuntha kwambiri komanso kufunikira kwa kupeza michere kuti ikule bwino. Fry singakhale ndi njala yopitilira masiku anayi otsatizana.
Ngati nsomba imodzi ikakhala ndi nsomba zazing'onoting'ono komanso zazing'ono, zazikuluzikulu zimatha kuyamba kudya zazing'ono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali.
Nsomba zodzigonera zimafunikira chakudya chochepa, kuti athe kumenyedwa ndi njala, atakonzekera kale kusowa kwa chakudya. Mphepo yamkuntho ikhoza kukhala mpaka masiku khumi. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito ku nyama zomwe zimadyedwa, komanso zodyera mwatchire ndi nsomba ya lori. Pakusowa chakudya, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito algae ndi zakudya zina zomwe zili m'nthaka ngati chakudya.
Ma Pisces, monga zamoyo zonse, ndi onenepa. Chifukwa chake, nsomba yodya mafuta ambiri imatha kukhala yopanda chakudya kwa masiku ambiri kuposa nsomba zomwe zimadyedwa pakati.Ndiye kuti, kudya kwambiri nsomba, kumenyedwa ndi njala kumatha kukhala masiku angapo kuposa kudya nsomba.
Madzi ndi kutentha zofunika
Matenthedwe okhala m'madzi am'madzi samakhudzana ndi chilengedwe cha nsomba zokha, komanso machitidwe awo achilengedwe komanso mankhwala. Chifukwa chake, ziyenera kukhala zofanana m'magawo onse amadzi kuti zolengedwa zisavutike.
Kwa catfish, kutentha kwakukulu kumayambira pa 18 ° mpaka 28 ° C. Koma, popeza izi ndi nsomba zopanda chidwi, nthawi zina amaletsa kupatuka pang'ono kuzinthu izi. Kuuma kwamadzi amphaka za m'madzi am'mphepete mwa 8-12. Madzi sayenera kukhala amchere kapena madzi am'nyanja, chifukwa mwina nsomba sizifa.
Kuti musunge kutentha kwa aquarium, gwiritsani ntchito:
- Firiji yapadera ya aquarium.
- Zowongolera mpweya mchipindacho.
- Madzi oundana kapena ozizira
Tekinoloje ya Aquarium
Fyuluta ya aquarium itukula moyo wa ziweto zanu.
Aeration, komanso kusefa mu guppy aquarium, ndikofunikira kuti moyo uzikhala wa nsomba. Akatswiri ena am'madzi amayang'anira mbewu zam'madzi. Koma njirayi ndiyovuta kwambiri, chifukwa izi zimagwira ntchito bwino m'chilengedwe.
Kumbukirani. Zomera zimatulutsa mpweya wabwino masana, koma usiku zimayamwa. Komabe, kukhalapo kwa nyama yamoyo m'madzimo sikuyenera kunyalanyazidwa.
Vutoli limatha kuthetsedwera m'njira ziwiri. Loyamba ndi kupeza kwa compressor, ndipo chachiwiri ndi kusefera. Kugula fyuluta kuthana ndi mavuto anu 2 nthawi yomweyo, uwu ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi mpweya komanso kuchotsera zinthu zoyipa ndi zinyalala kwa anthu am'madzi.
Malangizo Akusamalira Aquarium
Zingawonekere kukhala zovuta kusamalira nsomba? Anadyetsa nsomba, ndikuthira madzi kamodzi pamwezi, adatsuka ndi sopo ndikuwiritsa zonse, kutsanulira madzi oyera. Chilichonse chimawala masiku awiri oyamba. Nsombazo mwina ndizosangalala, koma pazifukwa zina sizikhala motalika. Zachidziwikire, tafotokozanso za vuto lakuchulukirapo, koma tiyeni tiunikenso mfundo zoyambirira posamalira nkhokwe yathu yaying'ono.
Pokhala njira yachilengedwe yeniyeni, ma aquarium nthawi yomweyo ndi ochepa komanso ndi njira yotseguka, motero osakhazikika. Zachilengedwe zimabwera kuchokera kunja monga chakudya, nsomba zomwe zimadya, kukula, kutulutsa zinyalala ndikuchulukitsa, zomera zomwe zimamwa zinthu zina zamadzi ndikupangitsa ena kulowa pamenepo. Chifukwa chake, kuti tisunge malo osungiramo zinthu zakale momwe adapangidwira - yoyera, yowala, yatsopano mwa nyanja yatsopano - zina, nthawi zina zofunika, kuyesayesa kwamunthu kumafunikira.
Mndandanda wa zochitika
Kusamalira aquarium nthawi zambiri kumatenga mphindi 10-20 tsiku lililonse ndi ola limodzi ndi theka ndikuwonjezera kamodzi pa sabata.
Zochitika zosamalira tsiku ndi tsiku zimaphatikizapo:
- kuyang'ana kugwiritsa ntchito kwa zida,
- kuyang'anira nsomba
- kudyetsa nsomba (ili ndi funso lalikulu komanso mutu wankhani ina).
Mukuyambanso kwa aquarium kapena pakusintha kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi, mwachitsanzo, nsomba zochulukazo zikakhala zikusunthidwa, chosinthira cha biofilter chimasinthidwa, kapena zida za mpweya wa kaboni dayokisili zimayikidwa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyesa madzi a aquarium tsiku ndi tsiku, kuwunika kuchuluka kwa ammonia, nitrites, pH ndi ena. magawo.
- kusintha kwa madzi
- kuyeretsa dothi kuchokera kuchimbudzi, kudyetsa zotsalira ndi zinyalala zina, lifon ngati kuli kofunikira,
- kukonza galasi la algae,
- kuchapa zosefera (osati nthawi zonse, kutengera mtundu wake),
- kusamalira mbewu (kuvala pamwamba, kudulira).
Kuyesa madzi kamodzi pa sabata kwa mankhwala a nayitrogeni, phosphates, kuuma ndi acidity ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika momwe zilili aquarium, koma sizofunikira pabanki yokhazikika komanso yotukuka.
Kuyendera nsomba ndi zida zamagetsi
Kuyendera nsomba kumachitika mosavuta pakudya, ngakhale zobisika zituluka m'malo mwawo. Ndikofunikira kuti muwone ngati nsomba zonse zili m'malo, kaya maonekedwe awo (ngati pali mawanga, zilonda, mabala, kufupika, ndi zina) ndi machitidwe awo (momwe alili achangu, kaya adya chakudya mwakufuna) asintha.
Kuyesa zida nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'mawa mutayatsa nyali. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kofunikira pa thermometer, kuwala pa heater kuyatsekedwa, ndege kuchokera ku fyuluta ili ndi mphamvu yofunikira, aerator kapena compressor, ngati ilipo, ikugwira ntchito ndi mphamvu yoyenera, zida zonse zowunikira zimayaka bwino komanso bwino.
Ngati zonse zili zadongosolo, timawadyetsa nsomba ndikusangalala ndi chilengedwe chathu chokongola komanso chokhazikika mpaka tsiku loti litikonzetse.
Momwe mungayeretsere aquarium?
Mukamatsuka, sinthani zida zamagetsi. Zosefera zakunja zokhazo ndizomwe zingatsalire ngati payipi yamafuta ochepa ndikotsika ndikukhalabe pansi pamadzi. Ponena za fyuluta yamkati, ngati kuyeretsa ndikwawamba ndipo sikukoka kwa nthawi yayitali, kungasiyidwe mu aquarium. Ngati kuyeretsa kuli kokulirapo, kwakukulu, ndikuyeretsa zokongoletsera zonse, kuchotsa ndi kuchotsa mmalo, kuthira gawo lalikulu la madzi, fyuluta yamkati imayikidwa mu madzi otulutsidwa a aquarium ndikutembenuka kuti mabakiteriya asamwalire.
Pakukolola, nsomba nthawi zambiri sizichotsedwera m'nyanja.
Choyamba, amayamba kuyeretsa magalasi. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zili ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zake:
- Chingwe chachitali chokhala ndi masamba kapena zitsulo zosinthika zazitali. Chinthu chothandiza kwambiri, komabe, sioyenera kuyeretsa ma aquariamu kuchokera ku plexiglass, chifukwa amatha kuwaswa. Mukamasankha chopukutira chotere, muyenera kuganizira mphamvu za chogwirizira (ngati chosinthika kwambiri, simudzatha kukanikiza galasi kumanja). Kuphatikiza apo, chitsulo chachitsulo sichiyenera kukhala chotalikirapo kuposa chivundikiro cha pulasitiki ndikuchokamo kuchokera kumbali, chifukwa pankhaniyi, mukamayeretsa pafupi ndi ngodya, mafupa a silicone a aquarium amatha kuwonongeka.
- Magnetic scraper ndichinthu chophweka kwambiri mukamayeretsa ziwiya zazikulu komanso zakuya. Zoyenera kuyeretsa pabwino. Mukamasankha, ndikofunikira kuganizira kukula kwagalasi lomwe limapangidwira, apo ayi mphamvu yamagetsi ikhoza kukhala yosakwanira, ndipo wowerenga sangakopeke. Pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi, muyenera kusamala kwambiri mukamayeretsa galasi pafupi ndi pansi, kuti miyala yamiyala kapena njere ya mchenga igwe pakati pa chopukutira ndi galasi. Amasiyiratu zozama pakabasi ndipo siponji wamba yanyumba ndi chofunda. Akatswiri ambiri am'madzi amagwiritsa ntchito izi, koma zimapangidwa kuchokera kuumauma osiyana, ndipo zina zimatha kusiya zikwangwani zagalasi la aquarium, zomwe aliyense payekha sangaoneke, koma m'kupita kwa nthawi zimapangitsa kuti galasilo lizikhala lamitambo.
- Khadi la pulasitiki la banki wamba ladziwonetsa lokha. Siziwononga galasi, ndipo chokhacho chomwe chimabweza ndi kusowa kwa cholembera, chifukwa chake, zovuta zina zogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira ndiwowonongera pamtunda, ngati mulibe ochuluka kwambiri, sangathe kuchotsedwa pamadzi, koma osiyidwa m'madzi, nsomba nthawi zambiri zimawadya nthawi yomweyo komanso mosangalala kwambiri.
Akatswiri ena am'madzi amalimbikitsa kuti galasi lakumbuyo la samariyo lisatsukidwe ndi algae, chifukwa nthawi zambiri imakhala yobisika kwathunthu ndi zokongoletsera ndi mbewu, ndipo algae nthawi zambiri samawononga kukopa kwakunja kwa posungira, ndipo pang'onopang'ono imatha kudya ma nitrate ndi nitrites m'madzi. Ndipo mukapeza nsomba zodya mwala, sipangakhale chikhomo pazenera lakumbuyo kapena pazenera loyang'ana.
Tsopano kuti galasilo ndi loyera, ndikutheka kwa dothi.
Momwe mungayeretsere dothi lachifumu?
Palibe chinavuta pano. Nthaka imatsukidwa mothandizidwa ndi siphon - payipi yomwe pamaikidwapo ndodo yokhala ndi mauna. Yotsirizirayi ndikofunikira kuti musalowe mumtundu wa anthu okhala m'madzimo. Ma Siphon amitundu yosiyanasiyana amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyamwa m'madzi m'njira zosiyanasiyana: ena ali ndi ngale yapadera (mu lingaliro langa, iyi ndiye njira yabwino), ena amafunika kukweza kwambiri ndi kutsitsidwa kangapo (nthawi zambiri sizigwira ntchito), ena ayenera kukokedwa ndi pakamwa madzi, pangozi yakukumeza.
Pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana pa momwe siphon imayenera kuchitidwira. Okonda ena amatulutsa dothi sabata iliyonse, akukhulupirira kuti potero limathandizira kuti likhale loyera, lipitirire mpweya wabwino komanso kuti lisawonongeka. Ena amachita izi kamodzi pachaka kapena theka, kapenanso kuchepera, akufotokozera izi polemba kuti:
- Mizu yomera idawonongeka
- Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapezeka m'mitengo yamtunda timafa
- kuyimitsidwa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi ma nitrate zimatuluka m'madzi, chomwe ndi chakudya chamchere.
- ndipo sludge yokha, itapuma pa siphon, ndi feteleza wofunika.
Malingaliro anga, kuponya masabata sabata iliyonse ndikofunikira m'masamariya momwe mulibe zomera kapena palibe ochepa a iwo. M'malo osungidwa omwe abzalidwa ndi zomera, kuphatikiza omwe ali ndi mizu yophukira, izi zitha kuchitidwa pafupipafupi - kamodzi pa miyezi 3-4, ndikuyeretsa Lamlungu, ndikungochotsa siphon 1-2 cm kuchokera pansi, osakhudza, kuchotsa dothi lokwanira kuchokera pansi, makamaka m'malo omwe nsomba zimadyetsa.
Momwe mungasinthire madzi m'madzi?
Kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa madzi kumatengera kuchuluka kwachilengedwe, ndiko kuti, kuchuluka, kukula ndi voracity ya okhala m'madzimo, komanso zofunikira zawo zamtundu wamadzi: ndizodziwikiratu kuti discus, mwachitsanzo, achule a Spur, ali ndi lingaliro losiyana ndiukhondo.
Ndi anthu wamba osungirako komanso kusankha kwa okhalamo, m'malo mwake kumachitika izi ndi gawo lachitatu, kotala kapena lachisanu sabata iliyonse. Zoyenera, kuti kukhazikitsa dongosolo logwiritsira ntchito, muyenera kuyesa madzi mu aquarium ndikuwona zomwe zili nitrate mmenemo. Ziyenera kukhala pamlingo wosaposa 10-30 mg / l. Chifukwa chake, ngati kuchuluka kwa ma nitrate m'madzi ndikwambiri, ndiye kuti muyenera kusintha madzi pafupipafupi.
Kuti musinthe, ndikofunikira kukonzekera madzi omwe ali ndi magawo omwewo kapena pafupi kwambiri (kutentha, acidity) monga momwe zimakhalira mu aquarium. Nyama zambiri zam'madzi zimakonda madzi omwe akhala kwa maola osachepera 24. Ngati sizotheka kuyimira madzi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya, mwachitsanzo, Tetra Aqua Safe kapena Dennerle Avera.
Gawo lamadzi kuchokera ku aquarium limatsitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito siphon kapena payipi, ndipo kumapeto kwake kuyenera kuyikidwa pansi. Kuti muziyenda mosavuta momwe madzi amafunikira kuthiridwa, ndikofunikira kuti apange chizindikiro pamaliropo. Madzi atsopano amathiridwa ndi payipi, chidebe kapena chidebe chilichonse, pomwe chimangacho sichimayendetsedwa pansi, chomwe chimatsukidwa mosavuta, mwachitsanzo, ku grotto kapena saucer yoyikidwa pansi.
Kodi kuyeretsa fyuluta mu aquarium?
Fyuluta ya aquarium ili ndi ntchito zingapo. Chofunika kwambiri: iyenera kusunga zinyalala ndi zotumphukira (zinthu zakufa, zotsalira za chakudya, michere yamafuta kuchokera ku gawo lapansi) ndikukhala nyumba ya mabakiteriya a biofilter. Dothi lomwe limadzazidwa liyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yoyeretsa, pomwe mabacteria amayenera kusungidwa bwino momwe angathere. Ndiwo mikhalidwe yomwe imakhazikitsa malamulo oyeretsera fyuluta.
Funso loyamba: nthawi yakwana yoyeretsa filimuyo ndi liti? Sikovuta kudziwa izi pogwiritsa ntchito ndege yake. Titagula fyuluta yatsopano kapena kuyeretsa komwe kumachitika nthawi ya masika, zindikirani kapena kutenga kanema wamtsinje kuti ndi wolimba bwanji, titha kuwonedwa, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera pakukula kwa mbewu zapafupi. Ngati ndegeyo ndi yotayirira, ndi nthawi yabwino kuchapa.
Nthawi zambiri, zosefera zamkati zimatsukidwa kamodzi pa sabata, komanso nthawi zambiri zimatsuka milomo ya zosefera zamkati momwe zimakhalira ndi ma filous a porous (magulu awa pawokha safunikira kusokonezedwa!). Zosefera zakunja zimatsukidwa nthawi zambiri, kamodzi pa milungu 6 mpaka 10, m'milomo inayake milomo ya woyeserera imatsukidwa sabata iliyonse - gawo lomwe limachita kusefa koyambirira.
Mulimonsemo, zosefera zimatsukidwa ndikutsukidwa m'madzi otulutsidwa m'madzi kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa mabakiteriya ochulukitsa. Pogwiritsa ntchito madzi omwewo, pogwiritsa ntchito swab thonje kapena chovala mano, mutu wa rotor umatsukidwa ndikutsukidwa - chipinda cha injini chosinthira. Pambuyo poyeretsa, fyuluta imayikidwa mu aquarium posachedwa ndikuyatsa.
Momwe mungakonzere mbewu?
Nthawi zambiri, kamodzi pa sabata, mbewu zimaphatikizidwa ndi feteleza, ngati zingafunike. Kuphatikiza apo, masamba odzala ndi algae kapena kudyedwa ndi nsomba ndi nkhono amachotsedwa, nsonga zam'madzi zimadulidwa, mutha kudula kapena kuchotsa udzu wambiri ndi udzu.
Awa ndi malamulo oyendetsera kusamalira anu aquarium. Zachidziwikire, nthawi zina pamachitika zinthu zina zowonjezera, pamafunika njira zowonjezera zowonjezera, koma ngati mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo izi, pang'onopang'ono zimakhala zosavuta kudziwa ndi maluso ena onse.
Phunziro la kanema pa chisamaliro choyenera cha aquarium: