Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Chingwe chachikulu chokhala ndi mchira wautali kudula kumapeto kwake ndi mulomo wokutira wokulira komaliza. Mapiko a kutalika kwapakatikati, akapindidwa, nsonga zawo sizifika pakati mchira. Kukula kwa chikondwerero, kutalika kwa thupi 20-25 masentimita, mapiko 27-27 cm, kulemera kwa 40-65 g. Kumanga thupi ndi kwakukulu, miyendo ndiyochepa koma mwamphamvu. Zambiri ndizitali, zofewa komanso zotayirira. Kuyenda pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri ngakhale kumakhala kwaulesi. Nthawi zambiri mbalame yamitengo, imatha kuyimitsidwa pamitengo, ngati msewu, koma osagwiritsa ntchito mulomo wake, osadumphira pansi, imadumphadumpha kapena kuyenda pang'ono. Mwambiri, zomwe zimapangidwira komanso momwe zimapangidwira zimafanana ndi ma bullfinches.

Kufotokozera. Akuluakulu amuna, mumapulogalamu atsopano, mutu, kumbuyo, nuhvost, chifuwa ndi mbali zam'mimba ndizopinki. Kumbuyo, mapewa ndi nadhvost amatchulira imvi scaly pateni. Mchira, mapiko ndi mapiko akumapeto ndi khungu lakuda ndi utoto loyera kapena loyera. Nthenga zoyera kapena zoyera kwambiri zokhala ndi nthenga zokhala ndi mapiko awiri zopindika. Chapakati pamimba ndi mkati mwake ndi phulusa, nthenga zazing'onoting'ono zokhala ndi malire. Mu maula omwe amavala (m'chilimwe), mtundu wa pinki umasandulika kukhala wofiirira, mtundu wa imvi umade.

Mu anyamata achichepere (zaka zoyambirira ndi zachiwiri za moyo), maonekedwe a mutu, thupi lakumaso, chifuwa ndi mbali zam'mimba zimasiyana kuchokera ku red-red mpaka greenish-chikasu ndi nthenga zam'maso zodera pang'ono. Utoto wotsala ndi wofanana ndi waimuna wakale, malire a mchira, mapiko ndi nthenga za mapiko zokhala zoyera, zoyera, zoyera. Akazi ndi ofanana ndi anyamata achichepere, koma maonekedwe ake a lalanje samakonda. Mutu, womwe umakhazikika kumbuyo ndi chikhomo pachifuwa ndi chikasu kapena chikasu. Zovomerezeka ndizosawoneka bwino, zovomerezeka ndizopepuka. Miyendo ndi yofiirira. Utawaleza ndi bulauni.

Mbalame zazing'ono, zosiyana kwambiri ndi achikulire omwe ndi amfupi komanso owoneka bwino, pamphumi ndi mbali zamutu ndizopuwa. Mbali yakumwamba ya thupi ndi yofiirira, pakhosi ndimakhala yoyera, chifuwa ndi m'mimba ndimatsitsi ndi utoto wa brownish kapena buffy. Mapikowo ndi achikuda, ngati mbalame zazakale, koma nthenga zake zili ndi nthenga. Mwa mbalame zamtunduwu, nsanja zokhazokha zokhala ndi mtundu wofanana; kuchokera patali, schura imasiyana ndi iwo monga mawonekedwe a mulomo wawo, komanso mtunda, ndi mchira wawo wautali.

Voterani. Ziwimbi zokoma zitoliro "tulle», «fa ul», «tsoka», «kuti"ndi ena. Nyimboyi imakhala ndi zosaka ngati zitoliro.

Mkhalidwe Wogawa. Zoweta ku zone ya taiga ya Eurasia kuchokera kumpoto kwa Scandinavia kupita kugombe la Pacific, komanso nkhalango zowonongera zambiri za North America. Kumpoto kwa Europe kuli mtundu wocheperako, womwe nthawi zina amakhala wokhazikika kapena wotha kukhazikika, mu ambiri ku Europe Russia ndi mbalame yaying'ono yosamukira komanso yozizira. Pakati komanso kum'mwera, sikuti nthawi yozizira iliyonse imawoneka.

Moyo. Kumpoto kwa Europe, chisa m'nkhalango zowuma komanso zosakanikirana za kumpoto kwa taiga. Khazikikani m'nkhalango zowola, komwe kumakhala mtundu umodzi wokha wa zipatso, wakuthwa kapena wowala. Imbani pang'ono, osamveka. Zingwe zimamangidwa pamtengo kapena pa fayilo, nthawi zambiri pamtunda wotseka pamtunda wa 3-4 mamita. Malo omwe amakhala ndi chisa amakhala pamtengo wamtondo wopendekera, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi thunthu, nthawi zambiri pampando wamtunda, "paw". Pansi pa chisa mumakhala nthambi zopyapyala, mizu yaying'ono, chidebe chokhachokha chimasungidwa bwino kuchokera ku udzu, m'malo mwake ndimakhala woonda, wowonda. Thirayi ili ndi udzu kapena ubweya wabwino. Mu clutch mumakhala mazira 2-5 obiriwira kapena amtambo wobiriwira, okhala ndi mawanga owoneka ngati bulauni kapena azitona osiyanasiyana, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu komanso ofewa. Chichewa chimaphimbidwa ndi mtundu wakuda kapena imvi.

Pazakudya za mbalame zachikulire, makamaka nthawi yozizira, chomera zakudya makamaka - masamba, masamba, masamba achichepere, zipatso. Mbalame zachikulire zimadya tizilombo panjira, mu chakudya cha anapiye awo pali zina zingapo. Nthawi yozizira ku Schurov imakhala ikuyendayenda m'magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhala m'malo opezekera, nthawi zambiri kumwera kwa malo okhala nesting. Pali maulendo osamukira kumwera, kutsika kumapiri, kenako Schurov amatha kuwoneka ngakhale m'mizinda momwe amadyera phulusa la mapiri kapena maapulo.

Zomwe zimadya

Ma Schuras ndi mbalame zokongola ndipo nthawi zambiri amadya nthangala za mitengo yabwino komanso yopanga zipatso, masamba ake ndi mphukira, ndi zipatso. Amawonjezeranso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono m'zakudya zawo, makamaka nthawi yozizira (kafadala, mphutsi zawo, agulugufe, omwe ali makanema ojambula). Nkhuku zimafunanso chakudya cha nyama, chifukwa chake makolo amazidyetsa ndi tizilombo.

Schur amakonda kwambiri kudya ndi zipatso za juniper ndi zipatso za phulusa, komanso kum'mawa ndi mtedza wa paini.

Komwe kumakhala

Schur - okhala m'nkhalango wamba, amakhala kudera lalikulu la Asia, Europe ndi America. Kwa moyo wonse, mbalamezi zimasankha nkhalango ndi ma cookie, odabwitsa komanso osakanikirana, koma nthawi zonse pafupi ndi mitsinje kapena matupi ena amadzi, chifukwa amakonda njira zamadzi.

Shura sakonda kusunthira pansi, chifukwa chake mitengo yayitali ndi chitetezo chodalirika ku chisa chawo komanso moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.

Kusamukira kapena nthawi yozizira

Pakati pa Schur, pali onse omwe amasamukira, komanso osunthika ndikukakhazikika. Kudera lililonse, kusunthidwa kwa ma schuros kumadalira nyengo komanso kupezeka kwa chakudya. M'nyengo yozizira, ma pike amatha kupita kummwera komwe amakhala, koma samawulukira patali.

Mitundu ya schur imaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri: wamba ndi rhododendral schur, omwe ali ofanana mu mtundu wa zulu.

Rhododendral schur imasiyana ndi mtundu wawo wobadwa nawo m'mlingo wocheperako (mpaka 20 cm m'litali) ndi malo ogawa. Nyimbo iyi ndi nzika ya China, Tibet, Burma, Bhutan ndi Nepal. Mitunduyi idatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha malo omwe imakonda kwambiri - m'mphepete mwa nkhalango ndi m'nkhweli za rhododendron ndi juniper.

Amuna ndi akazi: kusiyana kwakukulu

Kuyerekeza kugonana mu Schurov kumatchulidwa kwambiri. Amuna amafanana ndi ma bullfinches amtundu - maso awo amakopeka ndi mawere awo owoneka bwino ndi zotsika. Madera omwewo mwa akazi ndi mbalame zazing'ono amapakidwa utoto wachikasu.

Okonda mbalame nthawi zambiri amakhala mu ukapolo ndipo amayamikila mtunduwu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kosangalatsa komanso mawu osangalatsa. Chochita chawo chokha ndichoti ali mu ukapolo, zyra zimabereka bwino.

Ngati apanga awiriwo, mbalamezo ziyenera kuyikidwa pamalo otsekera ndikusiyira zinthu zambiri zomangira chisa (nthambi, udzu, fluff). Pachilichonse, schurah yaikazi imakhala ndi mazira ochepa amtundu wa buluu, omwe amaswa kwa milungu iwiri. Kenako masiku 13 mpaka 14, makolo amadyetsa anapiye.

Kwa pike, mudzafunika khola lalikulu lokhala ndi mitengo ndipo muli ndi zotengera ziwiri zamadzi - imodzi yoti azimwa, ndipo yachiwiri posambira, monga mbalame zimakonda njira zamadzi.

Zodyetsa?

Monga mbalame yokongola, pike adzafunika kusakanikirana kwa tirigu, masamba ndi mphukira zamitengo yabwino komanso yosakanikirana, masamba ndi zipatso, buliberries, phulusa lamapiri, ndi mlombwa. Muthanso kuwonjezera dzira lokhazikika ndi zidutswa za nyama yophika muzakudya.

Mutha kuchiza chiweto chanu ndi mtedza - ma hazelnuts, mtedza, mtedza ndi mtedza wa paini. Ndipo kuti mbalameyo isataye mtundu wake wowala, nthawi ndi nthawi imadyetsedwa ndi michere yama michere ndi mavitamini.

Zosangalatsa

• Chifukwa cha mitundu yawo yowala, anthu a Schurov amatcha "Kifinishi parrot" kapena "tambala wa ku Finland".
• Ma Schuras amakonda kwambiri kusambira, ndipo ngakhale nthawi yozizira amapeza mayiwe otseguka a izi, ndipo kunyumba, kwa iwo, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukonza malo osambira kuwonjezera pa mbale yakumwa.
• Akazi a chisa cha Schura amamangidwa okha ndipo salola kuti amuna achite nawo njirayi. Akazi okhaokha amasamaliranso anapiye.
• Zakudya zokoma za Schurov, komanso ng'ombe zamphongo, phulusa laphiri. Ndiye chifukwa chake mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimasokonezeka zikaona nthawi yozizira pamakwalala atchire.

Masanjidwe

European Schur, Pinicola Enucleator Enrogenator L. Zoweta ku Scandinavia ndi Kola Peninsula, kuwonekera panthawi yopanda kubereka m'malo osiyanasiyana apakati pa Europe ndi gawo la ku Europe la USSR (Leningrad, Pskov). Malire akum'mawa agawidwa ndi kovuta kudziwa, chifukwa mpikisano wotsatira ndi wotsatira uli wolumikizidwa ndi chingwe chopitilira cha kusintha.

West Siberian Schur, Enucleator stschur Utoto wake ndi wotupa - wofiirira-wofiyira (mawonekedwe am'mbuyomu ali ndi mtundu wofiyira wokhala ndi mthunzi wa carmine). Kuyambira b. Chigawo cha Arkhangelsk m'mbali mwa taiga chakumadzulo kwa Siberia kupita ku Turukhansk Territory, kumwera kwa Tyumen. Panthawi yopanda kuswana, imasunthira kumwera kupita kumunsi kwa gawo laku Europe la USSR, komanso m'malo ena apadera (Kiev).

East Siberian Schur, Enucleator pxcatus Amuna ali ndi utoto wowala kuposa mawonekedwe am'mbuyomu, ali ndi utoto wofiirira, pakati pakati pa nthenga za pansi (pakhosi, tsekwe, chifuwa, m'mimba) zimawonekera kwambiri, zazikazi zimakhalanso zowala, zowoneka bwino, imvi zawo zimayera. Mlomo ndi wafupikirapo pang'ono (12.4-15.3 mm, kutalika kwa 14.4-16 mm mwa mawonekedwe apitalo) ndi kutupa kwambiri. Siberia kuchokera ku Altai ndi Yenisei kupita ku Chigawo cha Amur komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo Mongolia (Kentei, Hangai).

Kamchatka Schur, Enucleator kamtschatkensis Utoto monga wakale, koma mulomo ndi wolimba, wamtali komanso wandiweyani, wowongoka mpaka kumapeto kwa mulomo. Kamchatka, gombe la Okhotsk, dera la Anadyr, Sakhalin.

Mawonekedwe

Mbalameyi ndi kukula kwa nyenyezi, yopangidwa mokhazikika, ndi mulomo wokulirapo, wamfupi, wopindika pang'ono komanso mchira wotalikirapo. Utoto wamba wamphongo ndi wofiyira, wokhala ndi nthenga zakuda pamwala, buliput, nsana, matumbo, nadhvosti, pamimba komanso mkati mwaotchetcha - imvi, yotseka mapiko ndi yofiirira yokhala ndi mizere yoyera yophimba ma batchi apakati ndi akulu, ndikupanga mikwingwirima iwiri yopingika kumapiko, yoyera-yoyera ndi malire yoyera. zimakupiza zakunja, zofiirira zofiirira, zokhala ndi imvi. Nthawi zambiri amadya pamitengo.

Kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi

Mwa chachikazi, mtundu wofiirawo umasinthidwa ndi mtundu wa maolivi wobiriwira pamutu ndi chikasu pamutu. Amuna atakwanitsa yophukira koyambirira amalandila ma plumage osinthika ndi kusintha kwakukulu kapena kocheperako kamvekedwe ka mtundu wa lalanje. Achichepere ali ngati akazi. Ma operae akamatuluka, mtundu wofiira ndi wachikaso umawonekera kwambiri. Mapiko 100-110 mm, milomo yofooka. Kukonkha kuli ngati kubala kwina, koma chovala chofiyira chokwanira champhongo, chimavalidwa chaka choyamba chokwanira.

Kuswana

Kukongoletsa ku Schurov kumayamba mu June okha. Pakadali pano, abambo amaliza mokweza nyimbo zawo zoyimba, monga zikhalidwe zomwe zimangobwerezedwa. Mitundu ina yachisoni, yomveka ya melancholic imamvekera mmenemo, ngakhale oimbawo ali amoyo kwambiri ndipo amachita bwino kwambiri kuposa nthawi yozizira. Chisa chimakonzedwa mozungulira kuchokera kumitengo yosiyanasiyana ndi nthambi zamtundu wofewa, wokhala ndi zofowoka zamkati. Mazira ndi okulirapo (24- 26 mm kutalika), mabuluu, okhala ndi mawanga odera. Mukumanga, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zosaposa zidutswa za 3-4.