Ma acorns am'nyanja
Semibalanus balanoides Pamwala
Gulu la asayansi

Balanomorpha Pilsbry, 1916

Makhalidwe wamba

Zamoyo zazikulu zimakhazikika pamtambo wopatsa chidwi ndikuyenda m'moyo wamtopola, zomwe zimafikira pamiyala, miyala, nyama zam'madzi ndi nyama zina - arthropods, repitles zam'madzi (akamba) ndi zolengedwa. Mphutsi zimakhalapo kwakanthawi m'mizere yamadzi, kudyetsa ndipo, atafika pagawo la mphutsi ya ciriformu, kukhazikika pamtunda.

Oimira ambiri omwe ali mdera lanyanjali amakhala malo osaya a nyanja chifukwa mitundu yambiri yakhala ikuyenda bwino. Ma acorns am'nyanja, akadziunjikira pamatumbo a sitima, amatha kuchepetsa kuthamanga.

Kodi ma acorn a nyanja amakhala kuti?

Chigoba chachikulu ndi zipolopolo ndizomata pansi pazombo. Sitima yatsopano imayandama liwiro lina, koma ndi nthawi imachepera. Zotsatira zake, zimatenga nthawi yambiri kuti mugonjetse njira zam'mbuyomu. Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani izi? Pansi pa sitimayo pali yokutidwa ndi nyama zam'madzi zambiri, motero zigawo zonse zimapangidwa. Izi zimabweretsa kuti kukangana motsutsana ndi madzi kumawonjezeka, ndipo zizindikiro za liwiro zimachepa. Mwa nyama zam'madzi zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimamangidwa ndi zombo zapamadzi, zambiri mwa izo ndi zomangamanga, zomwe ndi ma acorns am'nyanja.

Ma crustaceans samangokhala pazombo, amangamira miyala ndi miyala, amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zigamba za nkhanu, ma mollusks, anamgumi, nsomba ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwera m'madzi. Zimatha kukhala pachinsomba komanso mpaka mano a zibowo zam'muna. Mawonekedwe a ma acorns am'nyanja ndi ofanana ndi makapu oyera ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi miyala yambiri. Chulu amapangidwa kuchokera kumapiko angapo. Koni iyi imapangidwa ngati dzino. Mbala yam'nyanja imatha kutsegula timapepala totsegulira miyendo ndi kutuluka pa mwendo.

Chikoko chayekha chimakhala pansi pa "acorn" wake.

Pansi pa nyumba, yopangidwa kuchokera masamba otsekeka, pali crustacean yokha. Panyanja, mutu umapinda pansi pa thupi kuti anthanthwe amakhala pakati pa "chokhacho". Pakamwa pa crustacean pamakhala m'mwamba, kumbuyo kumbuyo kwa mutu kumakulitsidwa. Mbawala yam'nyanja imakhomera miyendo yake paming'alu, imayitsegula ndi fan, kenako ndikupinda. Chifukwa cha mayendedwe otere, mtsinje wamadzi umapangidwa, kulowa mkati mnyumba.

Zakudya za crustaceanszi ndizosiyanasiyana. Izi ndichifukwa choti miyendo yamiyala yam'nyanja idakutidwa ndi mabatani a milingo yosiyanasiyana: kumbuyo kwawo sikosowa kuposa kutsogolo, chifukwa chake miyendo imasefa tinthu tosiyanasiyana. Ma acorn a ku nyanja amadya mabakiteriya, algae ndi zolengedwa zosiyanasiyana zam'madzi. Zakudya zambiri zimapangidwa ndi achibale apamtima - ma Copepods. Kuphatikiza apo, zipatso zam'madzi zam'madzi zimadyanso mphutsi zawo, koma mphutsi zachikulire sizikumbidwa, koma zimatuluka.

"Zigawo" za ma acorn a nyanja ndizambiri.

Popeza ma acorn panyanja nthawi yonse yaukalamba wawo ali mkati mnyumba, safunikira chidwi cha ziwalo zolimba. Koma ma crustaceans awa, ali ndi malingaliro ena, mwachitsanzo, amatha kuthandizidwa ndi diso limodzi loyambirira kusiyanitsa mdima ndi kuwala. Okhalawo safunikira kudziwa nthawi yanthawi; Peephole imathandizira crustacean kudziwa kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwawunikidwe, ndiko kuti, kumvetsetsa kuti mthunzi ugwera pamadzi, womwe ungakhalenso wochokera kwa wolusa. Kuunikako kusintha, nyanja yam'madzi nthawi yomweyo imatenga miyendo ndikutseka mapiko ake mnyumbayo.

Ngati mumakonda kumeza mchenga panyanja, pakapita nthawi imasiya kuyankha izi, chifukwa zimvetsetsa kuti sizowopsa. Kuledzera kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma acorns am'nyanja kumachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yochenjera kwambiri samakhulupiriranso kuti ngozi siziwaopseza, pomwe ena amayamba kunyalanyaza shading mwachangu kwambiri. Ma crustaceans amenewa nthawi zonse amayang'ana nyumba yawo kuti khomo lolowera mnyumbamo liloze. Ngati mphutsi zam'nyanja zayamba kugwera panyanjayo, khungubwi koyambirira koyambirira kwa moyo wake wokhala pang'onopang'ono imatha kukulitsa pang'ono kuti khomo lilowe pakuwala.

Kwa ma acorns am'nyanja, ndikofunikira osati malo omwe nyumbayo ili kuwala. Amayesetsanso kudziphatikiza ndi chinthu cham'madzi kuti pakhomo lolowera kulowera pano, motere, kuyenda kwa madzi kumabweretsa chakudya chambiri. Anthu ena ndi aulesi kwambiri mpaka amasiya kuyenda ndi miyendo yawo, osayendetsa madzi kulowa, koma amayika miyendo yawo kutsogolo kwa mtsinje, ngati ukonde, ndikukhala osasunthika.

Acorn wanyanja amayamba kupanga "nyumba" yake kuchokera pagawo lazous.

Kubwezeretsanso nyanja ya zipatso

Mitundu yambiri yamitundu iyi imakhala yachilengedwe, koma kudzilimbitsa nokha mu zolengedwa izi ndizosowa. Zipatso zam'nyanja zimatha kukwatirana popanda kutuluka mnyumbamo. Kuberekera kotere pakati pa ma acorn a nyanja ndikotheka pokhapokha ngati ma crustaceans akhazikika pafupi. Ma crustaceanswa amakhala ndi gawo lalitali kwambiri loyendetsa, kotero acorn amatha kuwafika kunyumba yoyandikana ndikuyambitsa umuna mkati mwake. Ngati acorn wanyanja akukhala motalikirana, imatha kuthira manyowa palokha. Mazira ali mu chipolopolo chimodzi chotulutsa ndipo ali mkati mwa nyumbayo.

Ma acorn a ku nyanja amadya nyama.

Zipatso zam'nyanja zimayamba miyoyo yawo monga momwe abale awo - khansa zina. Mphutsi ikaswa dzira, imakhala ndi moyo waulere, imasuntha kangapo, ndikusintha kukhala mphutsi yokhala ndi chipolopolo. Chipolopolochi chili m'dongosolo, ndipo miyendo ya crustacean yomwe amasambira akuwonekera kuchokera pamenepo. Mphutsi zikakhazikika pansi, zimayamba kukhala ndi moyo kwamuyaya, kudziphatika mothandizidwa ndi tulo tating'onoting'ono tokhala pansi pamtunda. Mphamvu zakuthamanga imatsimikiziridwa ndi kudziphatika kwazinthu zomata zamatumbo a simenti. Kenako mphutsi zimataya kuzama ndikuyamba kupanga nyumba yolimba ndi yodalirika yozungulira yokha.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Ziwalo zobereketsa nyama: zazikulu kwambiri

Nazi nyama 7 zokhala ndi zazikulu zazikulu za mbolo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kukula kwa thupi

Anangumi a buluu amatha kunyadira zaume wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kukula kwapakati pa mbolo ya whale buluu ndi 2.4 mpaka 3 mita . Kukula kwenikweni kumakhala kovuta kudziwa, chifukwa kukula kwa mbolo yomwe ilipo mu nthawi ya erection kumawonedwa pokhapokha kukopera.

Komabe, potengera kukula kwa thupi lake, chiwalo chachikulu cha kubala kwa chinsomba cha buluu ndichoperewera. Chiyerekezo cha kutalika kwa mbolo ku thupi la chinsomba cha buluu ndi 1:10, pomwe mwa abambo pafupifupi 1:12.

Ostracode Colymbosathon ecplecticos

Kanyama kakang'ono kameneka kali ndi mbolo wamkulu kwambiri mpaka dzina lake lachi Greek Colymbosathon ecplecticos amatanthauzira "osambira modabwitsa wokhala ndi dick wamkulu." Akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale atazindikira zinthu zakale zopezeka m'chilengedwechi mu 2003, adadabwa kwambiri ndi momwe zimakhalira.

Chiyerekezo cha kutalika kwa mbolo ku thupi lake chinali 1: 5 . Kutanthauziridwa kwa anthu, kuchuluka koteroko kungatanthauze kukula kwa mbolo komwe kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 38. Kuphatikiza apo, cholengedwa chinali Ukala wautali kwambiri - pafupifupi 1 cm , pomwe kukula kwa cholengedwa sikunapitirire 5 mm.

Kukula kwa mbolo ya ku Africa imafika 2 metres . Kuyerekeza kwa mbolo kukula kwa thupi la nyama iyi yomwe ili ndi ulemu waukulu ndi 1: 4 kapena pafupifupi masentimita 45 mwa anthu.

Nyama yayikulu Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Onykia

Ma squid amenewa amakhala pamalo okuya pafupifupi 3000 metres, ndipo kukula kwa mbolo yake kumafikira kutalika kwa thupi lake. Chiyerekezo cha kutalika kwa mbolo m'magawo a thupi lake ndi 1: 1. Ndipo mmodzi anagwira 38-centimeter squid anawona erection momwe kukula kwa mbolo kufika 67 cm .

Masamba a Banana amatha kutalika pafupifupi 25 cm, pomwe gawo lamkati mthupi ndi 1: 1, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kutalika kwa ulemu wawo kuli kofanana ndi kwa munthu .

Kuphatikiza apo, nthochi za herbaph ndi hermaphrodites. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi mbolo yomwe ili kumbali ya mutu, yomwe amatha kuthira manyowa wina ndi mnzake ndikubereka.

Ngakhale abakha sakhala akulu mu genitalia, pali nthumwi ya banja la abakha omwe mbolo yake ndi yayikulupo kuposa nyama zamtundu uliwonse zapulaneti. Argentina Savka adzitama mbolo yomwe imakhala yotalikirapo kuposa thupi la mbalame . Kukula kwakukulu kwa mbalame kumakhala pafupifupi 20 cm, pomwe kutalika kwa mbolo kumafika masentimita 42,5.

Kodi nyamayi imayenda bwanji ndi chiwalo chachikulu chotere? Chowonadi ndi chakuti ulemu wamphongo wa Savka uli nawo zowonera . Komanso, zazikazi zimakhala ndi nyini yayitali yoloza yomwe imatembenukirana mbali ina, kumuthandiza kupewa umuna, popeza amuna amakhala okakamizidwa kukakamiza.

Ma crustaceans oyenda pamagalimoto amatha kusintha kukula kwamitundu yawo malinga ndi chilengedwe. Amakhala ndi penisi yayikulu kwambiri malinga ndi kukula kwa matupi awo, kufikira 40: 1 Chiwerengero . Popeza nthawi yambiri amakhala pamiyala, amakula mbolo yayitali kuti achulukitse mwayi wa umuna.

Ma acorns am'nyanja ndi abale a mitanda ndi ma crustaceans ena.

Amakhala ndi moyo wophatikizika ndipo, mothandizidwa ndi miyendo yolumikizana, amasefa chakudya chamadzi.

Mawonekedwe

Pakatikati, crustacean sapitilira masentimita atatu, chigobolachi chimakhala ndi ma cell a 4-6 calcareous (kutengera mitundu), omwe amajambulidwa oyera mwa achinyamata. Popita nthawi, chigamba cha munthu wokhala m'madzi chimadzaza ndi tchire lofiirira.

Zamoyo zam'madzi izi, zomwe zimakhala m'madzi abwino komanso m'malo otseguka, zimakhala ndi zipolopolo zazitali, ndipo omwe akukhala m'malo otetezeka ndi osalala.

Zinyalala za Shell zimagwidwa ndikuwongoleredwa ndi minofu yolimba. Minofu ikayamba kugwira, miyendo yake imabisala, ndipo mabowo atsekedwa.

Pamafunde otsika, nyamayo imatseka zolakwika. Miyendo yake ndi yayitali, yolimba miyendo yomwe imapopa madzi ndi tinthu tosiyira kulowa mu kumira. Madziwo akayamba, ma crustaceans amizidwa m'madzi, amatsegula dzenje lakuzama ndikutulutsa miyendo.

Moyo

M'mawonekedwe, nyama zam'madzi ndizofanana ndi maolloll, komabe, ngakhale akuwoneka mwachinyengo, ali m'gulu la "Crustacean". Mkati mwanyumba yake, khungubwi, yofanana ndi mtanda, ili ndi mbali yake ya dorsal pansi.

Depatimic department yama crustaceans imakhala ndi miyendo isanu ndi umodzi yamiyendo yoluka. Ndi thandizo lawo, nyama zimapeza. Kuti achite izi, atatsika mafunde, amawatulutsa mnyumba, kuwongola ngati fanizo ndikuwapangitsa kusintha. Pa nthawi ya maolivi, crustacean amatseka masamba anayi onse, motero amatetezedwa kuti asayime ngakhale chipolopolo chija chimakhala ndi mphepo kapena dzuwa.

Chigoba cha crustacean yam'nyanja chimakhala ndi mbale zinayi kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi. Zigoba za ma crustaceans achinyamata amapaka utoto wowala, komabe, ndi zaka, mtundu wawo umasintha, imakhala imvi.

Izi ndichifukwa choti pamwamba pa chipolopolopo mumadzaza ndi tinthu tating'ono tating'ono. M'mphepete mwa m'matanthwe mumangoyang'ana zopanda moyo, koma mumakhala anthu omwe amakhala munyanja. Miyala imapezeka m'malo opezekapo, ali nawo kwenikweni. M'mphepete mwa nyanja zambiri, anthu okhala m'madzi amapanga mzere wowoneka bwino kuchokera patali.

Zopatsa kalori zam'madzi a acorn balianus 80 kcal

Mphamvu yamamadzi acorn balianus (Chiwerengero cha mapuloteni, mafuta, chakudya - bju):

Chiwerengero cha Energy (b | w | y): 0% | 1% | 0%

Iwo amene akufuna kuwona nyama zachilendozi zimangofunika kubwera m'mphepete mwa nyanjayi: miyala ya m'mphepete mwa miyala, miyala, zipolopolo zimakutidwa ndi nyumba zawo zazing'ono. Zipatso zam'nyanja, kapena, monga momwe zimadziwikanso kuti, balianus, zili m'gulu lamakedzana a nkhanu, ngakhale kuti maonekedwe awo samawoneka ngati anyalala omwe timawadziwa.

Ma barnacle crustaceans, omwe amaphatikizapo acorn sea, ndiwodabwitsa kwambiri m'njira zambiri ndipo samawoneka ngati nsomba zazinkhanira.

Pakukula, amakhala moyo wongokhala, wodziphatikiza ndi mitundu yonse ya zinthu zam'madzi - miyala, miyala, milu, zotengera zombo. Thupi la khomalo limatsekedwa m'nyumba yolimba yokhala ndi mbale zaumwini. Gawo la matanthwe awa amalumikizidwa molumikizana, chifukwa chake, khungubwe limatha kukankhira patali matayalawa ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi, miyendo yokhazikika, ndikupanga mawonekedwe, imasunthidwa kulowera. Nthawi yomweyo, madzi okhala ndi nyama za planktonic amayendetsedwa mkati mwa nyumba. Umu ndi momwe chakudya komanso kupuma zimachitikira.

Kukhalapo kwa chipolopolo cholimba komanso moyo wokhazikika kwachititsa kuti asayansi azigawana ngati nyama zodutsa. Pokhapokha nditapeza mphuthu za nkhokwe, zofanana ndi zomangika zina, asayansi anazindikira kuti nyamazo ndi zamtunduwu.

"Ngati mukukhala moyo wanu, zipolopolo zamtundu uliwonse zimamatira kumbali yathu" - Mayakovsky adagwiritsa ntchito fanizo ili, kufanizira moyo wa anthu ndi moyo wa sitima. Inde, tangoyerekezerani kuti sitimayi yatsopano yomwe idamangidwa idasiya dokilo ndikuyamba kuyenda. Kuthamanga kwake kumadziwika, kumakwanira mu dongosolo. Komabe, tsiku lililonse kuyenda kumachepetsa. Nthawi yochulukirapo komanso mafuta akuwonongedwa pakugwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyo. Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Pansi pa sitimayo pamazunguliridwa ndi nyama zam'madzi zosiyanasiyana, ndikupanga zigawo zamphamvu, chifukwa cha kukangana ndikuwonjezereka kwamadzi, ndipo kuthamanga kumatsika.

Maziko okonzera ziwiya zam'madzi amapangidwa ndi barnacle crustaceans - acorns zam'nyanja.

Samangokhala pa zombo zokha. Amakutidwa ndi miyala ndi miyala, amaphatikizidwa ndi zipolopolo za mollusk, zipolopolo za nkhanu, kukhazikika pakhungu la anamgumi, pa whalebone komanso ngakhale mano a sperm whale, kumbali za nsomba ndi zinthu zina zodabwitsa zomwe zimagwidwa m'madzi. Ma acorn a ku nyanja amawoneka ngati kapu yoyera yaying'ono, yopangidwa ndi "petals" zingapo. Mkati mwa chikho, chulu chamapiko angapo chikuwoneka, chowoneka ngati dzino. Zingwe za dzino ili zimatha kutseguka, ndipo miyendo yokhazikika ndiyotuluka pa dzenje lomwe limapangika.

Pansi pa nyumba yotere, yotsekedwa bwino ndi masamba olimba kwambiri, khungwalo limagona kumbuyo kwake. Kutsogolo kwake kumawerama pansi pa thupi kotero kuti anangumi ali mkati mwa "yekhayo". Kuseri kwa mutu kumakulitsidwa, kotero pakamwa pa acorn kuyang'ana m'mwamba. Chingwe, chotulutsa miyendo yokutidwa ndi bristles yayitali kuchokera mnyumbayo, chimafalikira ngati fan, kenako ndikukupinda. Kusuntha kumeneku kumapanga mtsinje wamadzi wolondoleredwa mkati mwa nyumba.

Zakudya za ma acorns am'nyanja ndizosiyana kwambiri chifukwa chakuti miyendo imaphimbidwa ndi milomo yamafinya osiyana: m'miyendo yakutsogolo amakhala nthawi zambiri, ndipo kumiyendo yakum'mbuyo nthawi zambiri. Zotsatira zake, miyendo yosiyanasiyana imatulutsa tinthu tosiyanasiyana. Ma acorn a ku nyanja amadya algae, mabakiteriya ndi zolengedwa zina zambiri zazing'ono zamapulogalamu, makamaka abale awo - Copepods. Amameza mphutsi zawo, komabe, mphutsi zakalamba zam'madzi zam'madzi za makolo awo sizikudya, ndikupita osavutikira.

Popeza crustacean amakhala moyo wake wonse wachikulire m'nyumba, safuna kuti munthu akhale ndi chidwi ndi ziwalo, koma kanthu kena kamatsalira. Ma acorn a m'nyanja amatha kusiyanitsa kuwala ndi mdima mothandizidwa ndi diso limodzi loyambirira. Zachidziwikire kuti, crustaceans sasamala kuti tsopano ndi usana kapena usiku, ndipo peephole sanasungidwe izi. Ndi chithandizo chake, ma acorn amayankha kusintha kwasinthidwe, nthawi yomweyo i.e. Iwo amawona mthunzi ukugwa pa chipolopolo chawo, koma amathanso kukhala kuchokera kwa wolusa. Zingachitike, amatha kuthamangitsa miyendo ndikutseka mapiko a nyumba. Ngati kwa nthawi yayitali ataphimba zigamba za acorn ndi pafupipafupi, crustacean akasiya kuyankha izi, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mthunzi suwonetsa ngozi.Mwa ma acorns am'nyanja, pali mitundu ina yomwe kuzolowera kumachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Anthu ochita "mantha" kwambiri sakhala "akukhulupirira" kwa nthawi yayitali kuti sakhala pachiwopsezo, pomwe olimba mtima omwe "amalimba mtima" mwachangu amatha kuzolowera kusinthana.

Mwachilengedwe, ma nyemba zam'nyanja amazungulira nyumba zawo kuti khomo lolowera likulunjike. Pakakhala kuti sizinaphule kanthu chifukwa cha mphutsi, crustacean amatha atangokhala moyo wosakhazikika kuti azungulire nyumba pang'ono kotero kuti kuunikira kugwere mwachindunji pazenera. Komabe, izi sizimachepetsa zofunikira za ma acorn sea posankha malo a nyumbayo. Amayesa kuyika nyumba yawo kuti khomo lolowera kumayendedwe. Kenako kuthamanga kwamadzi kumabweretsa chakudya chambiri. Ma acorn ena ndi "aulesi" kotero kuti amasiya kugwedeza miyendo yawo kuti ayendetse madzi kulowa, ndikukhala osasunthika, atapachika miyendo yawo yokhotakhota, ngati khoka, kulowera.

Mitundu yambiri ya ma acorn am'nyanja ndi mitundu iwiri yothandizirana, koma kudzilala nokha sikupezeka mwa iwo. Akalulu amatha kumvana popanda kuchoka panyumba, pomwe wina amakhala ngati wamwamuna ndipo wina ngati wamkazi. Maukwati oterewa amatha ku malo okha momwe nyumba za acorn zimayandikana. Chamoyo chophatikizika cham'madzi am'nyanja chimakhala chotalika kwambiri ndipo chimatha kufikira nyumba yoyandikana ndikusinthira umuna pamenepo. Ma Crustaceans omwe amakhala okha ndi omwe amatha kudzilimbitsa. Mazira okhathamira amavala chovala chimodzi chazithunzithunzi ndipo amasungidwa mkati mwa nyumbayo.

M'masiku adakali ana, zipatso za zipatso za kunyanja zimakhala zofanana ndi abale awo - khansa zina. Kugwedezeka ndi dzira, mphutsi imakhala ndi moyo waulere, wosunthika kangapo ndikusintha kukhala mphutsi yokhala ndi chipolopolo. Imakhala yokhazikika, ndipo miyendo yokhazikika imatuluka, mothandizidwa ndi yomwe imasambira. Pakapita kanthawi, mphutsi zimakhazikika ndikukhalamo mpaka kalekale, zomatirana ndi gawo lapansi ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono. Kudalirika kwa kuphatikiza kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zomata zomata zaminyewa zam simenti. Mphutsiyo imataya chipolopolo chake kwakanthawi ndikuyamba kumanga nyumba yolimba yokhazikika.

Gulu

Pakadali pano, mabanja 12 akusiyanitsidwa monga gawo la gululi, lolumikizidwa m'mabanja asanu ndi amodzi abwino:

• Chionelasmatoidea Buckeridge, 1983
  • Chionelasmatidae Buckeridge, 1983
• Pachylasmatoidea Utinomi, 1968
  • Pachylasmatidae Utinomi, 1968
• Chthamaloidea Darwin, 1854
  • Catophragmidae Utinomi, 1968
  • Chthamalidae Darwin, 1854
• Coronuloidea Leach, 1817
  • Chelonibiidae Pilsbry, 1916
  • Coronulidae Leach, 1817
  • Plylepadidae Newman et Ross, 1976
• Tetraclitoidea Gruvel, 1903
  • Bathylasmatidae Newman et Ross, 1971
  • Tetraclitidae gruvel, 1903
• Balanoidea Leach, 1817
  • Archaeobalanidae Newman et Ross, 1976
  • Balanidae Leach, 1817
  • Pyrgomatidae Grey, 1825

Suborder Carapace - Thoracica

Ma Crustaceans adasinthidwa mwamphamvu chifukwa cha zomwe adalumikiza. Thupi limabisala m'nyumba ya laimu, yopangidwa ndi mbale zingapo - mbale. Mbale zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe a khungu "chogwirira" - chovala chovala thupi lonse la nyamayo. Ena mwa ma pulawo amalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake ndikupanga makoma a nyumbayo (mkuyu. 66, A), ena amapanga chivundikiro chake ndipo amatha kutseka ndikutseguka.Ngodutsa pakati pa mbale zoyenda zomwe nyama imalumikizana. wokhala ndi malo akunja, kakhola pansi pamunsi pa nyumbayo, mbali yake ya dorsal pansi, mutu wake ndi zowonjezera mkamwa, zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi, chilichonse chomwe chimanyamula miyendo yolumikizana - kakhola, pamimba pokhazikika. nsomba zimasandulika kukhala chinthu chophatikizika: m'makola oyenda m'madzi (Lepadomorpha superfamily) - kukhala lachiwongo lalitali (Mkuyu. 66, B), mwa ena (Balanomorpha ndi Verrucomorpha superfamilies) - kukhala gulu lotalika kwambiri. Ambiri a hermaphrodites. , atakhala pamphepete mwa zachikazi kapena hermaphrodites.Ukalipira kwamkati. Mphutsi yopanda kuyimitsidwa - nauplius amatuluka dzira, pomwe, ikasungunuka kangapo, imasandulika khwimbi ngati mphutsi zokha.

Amakhala m'madzi onse am'nyanja ndi munyanja kuyambira pa zinyalala mpaka pansi pa 7000 m.

Mabakha a Nyanja Yabanja - Lepadidae

Bakha wanyanja - Lepas anatifera (L.) (mkuyu. 66, B). Mutu wokhala ndi mbale zisanu zowonda, pali phesi lalitali. Mapulogalamu ndi osalala. Karina amapanga zowonjezera pansipa. Bokosi lakumanzere limanyamula dzino lozungulirapo mkatikati (Mchombo ndi gawo pakati pa mbale iliyonse). M'malingaliro akulu, pali ziwonetsero za 2 (nthawi zina 1) pathupi. Kutalika kwa mutu mpaka 5, kusoka mpaka 60 cm, nthawi zambiri kocheperako.

Imapezeka m'malo otentha, otentha komanso ozizira am'nyanja. Amakhala ndi moyo wamtopola. Nthawi zina pazinthu zoyendetsa pansi ndi pamatumbo a sitima zimabweretsedwa mu Nyanja ya Japan.

Banja la Acorns Nyanja - Balanidae

Chofunda cham'madzi atatu - Balanus trigonus Darwin. Nyumbayo imakhala yosalala, yokongoletsedwa, yopaka utoto wofiirira kapena wofiirira. Radii ndi opepuka, nthawi zina yoyera. Scutum ndi yopapatiza, kunja ndi mizere ya 1-4 yamabowo akuya, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ataliitali ofotokozera, poyambira pang'onopang'ono komanso mwakuya, komanso mawonekedwe ofupika a adductor (kutseka minofu). Tergum ndi yotakata kuposa scutum, yokhala ndi nthawi yayifupi. Ma mbale am'mbali amalowedwa ndi njira zazitali koma zopanda magawano, koma pamwamba njirayo imadzazidwanso. Danga lamkati mwa nyumbayo ndi lofika 25 mm.

Imagawidwa kwambiri m'madzi otentha komanso otentha. Mu 1970, idapezeka munyumba yazovomerezeka mu holo. Peter Wokalamba. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka munyanja ya zombo zomwe zimapita kumadzi otentha komanso otentha.

Nyanja Acorn Amphitrite - Balanus araphitrite amphitrite Darwin. Nyumbayo ndi yotakata, yopyapyala, yokhala ndi mikwingwirima yayitali, masamba adalinso opentedwa. Scutum yokhala ndi mawonekedwe opangidwa bwino a articular ofikira mpaka pakati pamalire a tergal. Tergum yokhala ndi kupindika kambiri komanso m'mphepete molunjika pansi. Kutalika kwa maziko a nyumbayo kuli mpaka 16, kutalika kwake mpaka 9 mm.

Imagawidwa kwambiri m'madzi otentha komanso otentha. Iwo umakhala wogawika. Kuholo. Peter the Great wazunguliridwa ndi bottoms ndi sitima yama hydraulic.

Ivory marine acorn - Balanus eburneus Gould. Nyumbayo imakhala yachikasu, yowoneka bwino, nthawi zina yokhala ndi makoma otseguka, m'mafanizo achikulire okhala ndi mbale zowoneka bwino. Radii ndiwotalika ndi nsonga zodulidwa mosadukiza. Mapiritsi ndi miyala ya laimu imalowetsedwa ndimayendedwe omwe ali ndi magawo opindika. Scutum kunja ndi mizere ya kukula yotanthauzira ndi mayendedwe a radial. Tergum yokhala ndi malire ochepa m'munsi mwa mbali mwa mbali komanso mbali yayitali. Mainchesi ndi kutalika kwa nyumbayo mpaka 30 mm. Imagawidwa pamadzi pa sitima zam'madzi otentha, malo okhala komanso ngakhale madzi. Kuholo. Peter the Great adadziwika koyamba mu 1969. Mtunduwu ndi wa thermophilic, makamaka wamadzi wopanda pake.

Acorn wachilendo wam'nyanja - Balanus minimvisus Darwin. Nyumbayo ndi yoyera, yofiyira kapena yofiyira, yokhala ndi makoma osalala, m'malo okhala anthu ambiri. Radii ndi wopapatiza, wokhala ndi nsonga zopendekera mozungulira. Mapikowo ndi otambalala. Mapiritsi ndi zitsulo zamiyala zamnyumba zimalowetsedwa ndi njira zopatula. Scutum kunja ndi mizere yophukira bwino, koma popanda radial striation, mkatimo mutapangidwa bwino kofikira komanso nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi yowongoka yowonjezera. Mphepete m'munsi mwa tergum ndi yowongoka kapena pafupifupi yowongoka, komwe kumakhalako kumakhala kochepa. Mainchesi ndi kutalika kwa nyumbayo mpaka 23 mm.

Kwazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, mabotolo azombo adafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Ku Japan Islands komwe kunapezeka mu 1962, muholo. Peter the Great - mu 1969. Amakhala wogawika. Mitunduyi imakhala yamadzi am'mphepete, ngakhale imatha kukhala pamtunda kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 60%, imalekerera kuipitsa bwino.

Nyanja Yoyipitsidwa ndi Nyanja - Balanus rostratus Hoek. Nyumbayo ndi yopepuka, yaimvi, yosalala, nthawi zina yopindidwa. Mapiritsi a Carino-ofananira ndi ochepa. Pansi pake ndi calcareous, owonda, owongoka. Scutum yokhala ndi ma audiular crest ochepa, poyambira kocheperako, mafuta ochepa owonjezera, komanso kupepuka kwakuya kwa minofu. Tergum yokhala ndi coracoid, osasintha mapepala. Kunja ndi zitunda zomera zowonekera bwino komanso kuwongolera kofooka. Mpheziyo ndiyofupikitsa, yotakata kumapeto ndi kumatako kumapeto kwake, m'munsi mwake m'mphepete pang'ono mukugwa. Zidutswa zam'mbali za nyumbayo ndizoyenda mkati. Mayendedwe mkati mwa mbale okhala ndi magawo opingasa, osachepera kumtunda kwa mbale. Dongosolo la nyumba mpaka 85, kutalika mpaka 60 mm.

Kugawidwa ku Nyanja Zamchere ndi Japan, kum'mawa kwa Japan Islands, mu Nyanja ya Okhotsk, Nyanja ya Bering komanso m'mphepete mwa Pacific North North kumwera ku Briteni. Miyoyo yogawa, yomwe nthawi zina imapezeka munyanja za zombo ndi ma hydraulic.

Scornoped Acorn - Balanus crenatus Bruguiere. Nyumbayo ndi yoyera kapena ya imvi, yosalala kapena yokhala ndi zikuto zakunja, yopindika. Radii ndi wopapatiza, mapiko ndi ofanana. Mbale zake ndi zotumphukira mkati, njira zomwe zili mkati mwa mbalezo ndi zopindika zosinthika. Scutum yokhala ndi ma protstuding ophatikizidwa mwamphamvu, chowonjezera chowonjezera chilipo, koma palibe chowonjezera chowonjezera. Tergum yocheperako pang'ono. Danga lamkati mwa nyumbayo ndi lofika 40 mm. Ndikubowoleza mwamphamvu, nyumbazo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe aubweya wotalika kutalika kwake.

Kugawidwa kumpoto kwa Atlantic Ocean, munyanja zonse za Arctic Ocean, Bering, Okhotsk ndi Nyanja ya Japan. M'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific ku North America kubwera ku San Francisco. Iwo umakhala wogawika. Zodziwika pakukondweretsa. Kuholo. Peter Wachilendo amakhala wanthawi zonse kuchokera m'mphepete mwa madzi ndikuzama.

Nyanja Yopanda Nyanja - Balanus cariosus (Pallas). Nyumbayo ndi yoyera, nthawi zambiri yopanga, m'malo okhala anthu ambiri imatha kukhala ngati cylindrical komanso yolac. Kunja kumakutidwa ndi mizere yopyapyala yofanana ndi denga la udzu. Mbale za nyumbayo ndi zokulirapo, zoboola ndi zopyapyala, zopangidwa mizere ingapo yokhala ndi mizere ingapo yopingasa. Nthawi zina njira zimadzazidwanso. Zovala zotsekera zimamizidwa mkati mwam'nyumba. Scutum yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ochepa owongoka, chowonjezera chowonjezera "chimapangidwa bwino, mawonekedwe a depressor-minofu ndizama komanso yotakata. Tergum ndi yopapatiza, yokhala ndi kupindika kotalika mpaka kumapeto, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofiira a utoto wofiirira (chifukwa cha dzimbiri, papamwamba limakhala lozungulira komanso lalifupi) Dongosolo lamkati mwa nyumbayo ndi lofika 50, kutalika kwa mitundu ya cylindrical mpaka 100 mm.

Kugawidwa kumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean kuchokera kumpoto kwa Korea Peninsula kupita ku Bering Sea komanso kugombe la America kumwera kupita ku Oregon. Chimakhala chogona. Kuholo. Peter the Great amakhala pamtunda wa mizere yosiyanasiyana, m'makona oyang'anana ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Wamba acorn - Balanus balanoides (L.). Nyumbayo imachita imvi, yowoneka bwino, yotupa kapena kakombo, yosalala kapena yopindika. Radii ndi yopapatiza. Maziko akewa. Ma pensulo omwe abowola mbale ndi owonda, nthawi zambiri amadzazidwanso. "Scutum yokhala ndi chopindika cholimba chopendekera mpaka chapakati pamalire a terord, mawonekedwe a minofu ya zowonjezera ndi zolemetsa zimawonekera bwino. Tambali yokhala ndi mkombero wofupika komanso wolimba, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe osakanikirana amitengo itatu, ma scallops akuwonekera bwino pakuwonekera kwa depressor. mpaka 22 mm.

Kugawidwa ku North Atlantic, Barents, White komanso ku nyanja zonse za Far East. Mitundu ya Littoral, nthawi zina ikulowa wogawana. Kuholo. Peter the Great amapezeka makamaka m'dera la zombo.

Giorn acorn sea - Balanus evermanni Pilsbry. Nyumbayo ndi yopakidwa, yayikulu kwambiri. Mapiritsiwa amalumikizidwa momasuka, makulidwe, opyapyala (makamaka ma carino-ofananira), akukoka mwamphamvu. Mapiko ndi otakata, ma radii ndi ochepa. Bowo nthawi zambiri limakhala lotalikirapo, lozama, lopindika. Tergum yokhala ndi nsonga yokhotakhota komanso yopindika. Pansi pa nyumbayo ndiwosamalira anthu akuluakulu, komanso achinyamata - ogwiritsidwa ntchito kapena ocheperako, koma owonda kwambiri. Dawo lam'munsi mwa nyumbayo mpaka 100, kutalika mpaka 200 mm.

Imagawidwa ku Bering, Okhotsk komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Japan pamalo akuya kwa 50 mpaka 500 m, makamaka m'malo omwe ali ndi mafunde amphamvu. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu. Kuholo. Peter Wodziwikiribe mpaka pano.

Zingwe zazing'onoting'ono za minofu mu zowonjezera ndi minofu yowonongeka zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri a masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi histologists pakufufuza kwapadera kwasayansi. Nyama imatha kudyedwa.

Banja la Htamalida - Chthamalidae

Htamalius Dolla - Chthamalus dalli Pilsbry. Nyumbayo ndi yotsika, yowongoka, nthawi zina yokhala ngati cylindrical, yopindidwa, imvi kapena imvi. Monga oimira ena amtundu wa Chthamalus, rostrum wokhala ndi mapiko. Magawo mazana 6 (monga ndi balanuses). Pansi pa nyumbayo pali masamba. Scutum ndi yayitali, yokhala ndi zowonjezera zopangira zowonjezera bwino, zokhala zingapo zisa pamtundu wa depressor. Tetgum ndi yotakata, yokhala ndi yochepa kwambiri, yomwe singathe kuwononga, komanso yopindika. Dawo lam'munsi mwa nyumbayo mpaka 9,5, kutalika mpaka 7 mm.

Imagawidwa kuchokera kumpoto kwa Nyanja Ya Yellow kupita ku Bering Nyanja komanso m'mphepete mwa gombe la America kuchokera ku Unalashka kupita ku Washington. Imakhala pamiyala yomwe imakhala pamwamba patali kwambiri.

Pa pier ya imodzi mwa madoko a Crimea kunayima kalozera wakale wokakamizidwa. Chachikulu, cholimba, chakuda. Ndidayimirira nthawi yayitali. Ndipo mwadzidzidzi, popanda chifukwa, popanda chifukwa, "wopenshoni" uyu adanyamula ndikumira. Amaganiza kuti zimapereka kutayikira, chifukwa chake "zinalowa" munyanja yakuzama. Zinapezeka kuti anali atasefukira ndi mitundu yonse ya zosaphatikizika, ma mollusks, crustaceans, ndipo pakati pawo - nkhokwe crustacean, acorn sea kapena balyanus. Ambiri aiwo adatsamira pansi kotero kuti bargeyo idalemera matani angapo.

Balanus, acorns zam'madzi (makalabu azithunzi.ya.ru)

Anthu anayamba kumenyanirana zokondweretsa izi kwanthawi yayitali komanso m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Amayendetsa sitimayo padoko ndikuchotsa apaulendo osawadziwa ndi zikwangwani, kujambula mbali zamadzi zam'katiwo ndi utoto wosiyanasiyana womwe ndiwopweteka. Adayesa kugwiritsa ntchito ultrasound pazomwezi, koma njira yakale kwambiri ndikuyendetsa chombo kuchokera kunyanja kulowa m'madzi atsopano, momwe okonda madzi amchere awa amafa.

Ndikofunikira kuthana nawo, ngati sitima zimataya liwiro, kuyendetsa galimoto, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochulukirapo, kuyendetsa bwino chiwongolero, ndipo sitimayo yodziyimira yokhayokha imasokonekera. Zimamveka kuti crustaceans ndi mollusks pazombo zazikulu zimakulitsa matani mazana ambiri, ndipo oyendetsa sitimayi adazindikira kuti sitimayi sitimayo imapita mwachangu kuposa kugwa, kuchuluka kwa izi zikachuluka. Sakonda balianus ndi asodzi. Maukonde asodzi akodzana ndi zomata, kuzimasulira ndichinthu chovuta, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amachita izi: kufalitsa maukonde kumtunda ndikuyendetsa galimoto yomwe imaphwanya zipolopolo za balyanus kumbuyoku. Mwambiri, othandizira okonda chidwi amawulukira kumayiko osiyanasiyana pamtengo wokwanira. Ku America, ndalama izi zimapitilira $ 100 miliyoni pachaka.

Malo ambiri okondweretsa okhala pamadzi osiyanasiyana am'madzi: mahava, shaki, zingwe, nkhanu, masiponji. Ngati zidazi izi pang'onopang'ono zimakhazikika pang'onopang'ono, koma zonse ziwiri zili pamlingo wokwera. Pakadutsa masiku 10-15 atayamba kuswa mazira, amafikira akuluakulu, ndipo pofika miyezi itatu amakhala okonzeka kuchita zogonana.

Adani a balanus amawopa pokhapokha ali munthawi yopumira. Nyumba zosungira anthu akuluakulu m'nyumba zawo zokhala ndi mipanda yolimba sizipezeka kwa olusa ambiri. Ngati ali pamavuto amtundu uliwonse, nthawi yomweyo amakoka zingwe zazing'onozo mkatimo, ndikusunthira zolimba zotseguka zitsekozo ndipo mwa njirayi amakhala osavomerezeka. Amachitanso chimodzimodzi komwe pamakhala ma bampu ndi nthawi. Kudikirira kuti mafunde awalowe m'nyumba zawo. Patsala madzi ndi mpweya wabwino mokwanira kudikira mafunde aliwonse athanzi. Munthawi imeneyi, amatha kukhala ndi moyo masiku angapo. Ndizosangalatsa kuti m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nthawi yomwe nyanja imayamba kuchepa, kunong'ona kwa balyanus - kumveka kwaphokoso. Imakhala yokhoma zitseko za "nyumba" zawo, ngati wogulitsa kutseka zotsekera usiku.

Simungathe kutenga balyanus pamwala ndi m'makhoma, ndipo simulowa, thupi lawo laling'ono. Pokhapokha ngati mano a sturgeon kapena zubarik ndi mano ake owoneka ngati chisel, otsogola kutsogolo. Chifukwa chake, komwe balyanus ndi wamkulu kwambiri, wamtali wa masentimita asanu ndi awiri, munthu yemwe amawasonkhanitsa kuti adye akhoza kuwerengedwa pakati pa adani a otumphuka. Mwachitsanzo, ku Chile.A Chileniwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mwayi. Iwo, monga momwe aJulian Semyonov adanenera, "amadya oyster m'malo mwa mkate, nkhanu m'malo mwa nyama, caviar m'malo tchizi, ndi chicha m'malo mwa madzi" - vinyo wowoneka wa apulo. Ma balianus athu a Black Sea nawonso amakoma, koma ndi ochepa kwambiri, kutalika kwake osapitirira 1 cm.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya balanus kuyambira zaka 2 mpaka 7. Chonde cha mkazi m'modzi ndi mazira 10-13. Zingawoneke zambiri, koma ana a khansa mwachangu amadya nkhanu, mwachangu ndi nsomba zachikulire, ma anemones am'nyanja, jellyfish ndi ayisikilimu wina. Katswiri wasayansi waku America, dzina lake H. Moore, akuti anthu 150 mwa 13,000 omwe amapezeka pachimake chomaliza. Mwa anthu 150, 26 akumira pansi, ndipo anthu 15 okha ndi omwe amapulumuka mpaka miyezi iwiri yokha. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka ndi 0.1% ndipo izi sizochepa kwambiri, poganiza kuti aliyense wa 15 amatha kuyikira mazira 13,000 pamwezi. Mu nsomba, kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka kumakhala kotsika khumi - zana zana.

Tsopano zokhudza zam'mayiko otere. Mphutsi za balyanus, pomwe nthawi ya subsidence ikafika pansi, imalumikizidwa ndi mutu wake kumapeto kwa miyala, miyala, algae, bottoms kapena maukonde. Chimakula. Chifukwa cha izi, mphutsi imakhala ndi timinyewa ta simenti yabwino, ndipo simenti yomwe amapanga imakhala yabwino kwambiri. Mutu wamapeto wa mphutsiwo umasandutsidwa chokhazikitsidwa, ndipo mbali imodzi ya kholingo imakhala kumbuyo kwake, titero, ndi miyendo 6 ya miyendo yokhala ndi piskoti yokutidwa ndi bristles. Miyendo iyi mu balanus imatchedwa "cirrus" yaying'ono.

Thupi la munthu wachikulire wa balianus lazunguliridwa ndi chovala chomwe chimatulutsa zinthu zabwino, kuchokera pomwe crustacean amamanga "nyumba" yake yoyera yozungulira. Makoma oterowo 6. Amalumikizana mosasunthika. "Khomo" la nyumbayo, ngati chivundikiro pamwamba, lili ndi mbale zinayi zomwe zitha kusunthidwa padera ndikuyenda. Mu "chitseko" slots protrude "barbary". Amapanga kayendedwe kamene kamakumbutsa kwambiri kusuntha kwa dzanja lamunthu tikadziyitanira tokha. Ndi maniplication awa, ma shanks amayendetsa madzi am'nyanja mkati mwa nyumba, momwe amachotsamo mpweya ndi zonse zomwe ndizoyenera kudyetsa balyanus: mabakiteriya, mazira, algae yachilendo, limodzi ndi iwo, mphutsi zawo komanso za anthu ena. Simukuvomereza anu, simulavulira.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti, kukhazikika kwina m'magulu, anthu ake onse amayendetsa madzi mokhazikika. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale madzi abwino, kubweretsanso chakudya kwa onse omwewo. Zapezeka kuti aliyense ndiosavuta kudyetsa limodzi, ndipo ogonana ali pafupi. Chifukwa chake, nkwabwino kwambiri kuti mphutsi zizikhala pakati pa makolo, ndikuti "akhale ndi chidziwitso" chawo, achikulire amatulutsa zinthu zonunkhira m'madzi, ndipo "ana", pogwiritsa ntchito "fungo la fungo", amakhala pakati pa achikulire m'midzi yawo.

Tsopano, mwachidule za maubwino omwe nyanja imapindula, ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndife ochokera ku kuti ndimakhala balyanusy m'madzi ake. Ma crustaceans onse, ma Copepod ndi maepepod, odyetsa zamphamvu. Amadutsa m'madzi am'nyanja kudzera m'matupi awo ndi matupi awo, amauyeretsa kuti asayipitsidwe ndi tizilombo tina toyambitsa matenda. Madzi amafotokoza, amatenga madzi abwinobwino a m'nyanja ndi zonse zomwe zili zothandiza pachilengedwe.

Kuphatikiza apo, agogo ang'ono ndi agalu am'madzi akuterera m'mapiko opanda kanthu a balianus. Ikuyankhulanso m'malo mokomera kuti iwo akungopeka, ndipo ndibwino kuti nawonso ali osasanjidwa nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake "kuti palibe siliva." Choyipa ndichakuti zikuyenda bwino, ndipo ndibwino kuti onsewa ndi makina osewerera. Chifukwa chake ndikosatheka kuweruza mosakondera za zabwino kapena zovomerezeka za aliyense wokhala munyanja. Iliyonse munyanja m'malo mwake ndipo amachita kamodzi kokha zonse zomwe zidakonzedweratu kwa iye. Mtongi wa Roma Marcus Aurelius wanena izi: "Kodi simukutha kuwona kuti chitsamba, ndi mpheta, ndi nyerere, kangaude ndi njuchi zakwaniritsa cholinga chawo ndikuthandizira zabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi." Chifukwa chake balianus imathandizira kuyendetsa nyanja mu nyanja, motero padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa nyanja ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazachilengedwe chonse.

Balius mu Black Sea 5 mitundu. Awiri mwa iwo ndi "alendo". M'zaka za zana la 19, adafika munyanja yathu, wina ayenera kuganiza, pamabotolo azombo zakunja. Mitundu itatu yamtundu wawo, kwawo, Black Sea.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Akuluakulu amakhala ndi moyo wophatikiza, motero sangathe kufunafuna chakudya. Mwambiri, zakudya zawo zimatengera kuti amabweretsa madzi kumadzi. Pakadali pomwe madzi adaphimba ma acorn ndi mitu yawo, achinyengowa amayesetsa kutsegula zipolopolo za zipolopolozo ndikutulutsa miyendo yawo.

Amayesa kuziphimba mwachangu m'madzi, kupopera madzi kulowa m'mphepete mwa nyumbayo, ndipo amadya tinthu tating'ono tomwe timalowa m'thupi lathu ndi madzi.

Miyendo yosinthika imakhala ndi mikwingwirima 40 pamphindi, kuyendetsa madzi mu tinthu tokhomedwa mkati mwamkati mwa nyumbayo. Amatha kudya pokhapokha atatsukidwa ndi madzi am'nyanja. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe amakhala kutali ndi gombe amadya kuposa anzawo, omwe amakonda malo abwino, omwe amakhala pansi kwakanthawi.

Ma crustaceans am'nyanja, osambitsidwa ndi madzi nthawi zonse, amakula msanga, koma sakhala nthawi yayitali.

Chitetezo

Nyanja acorn imakonda kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa nyanja zamchere. Zitsulo zolemera zimadziunjikira m'thupi lake, makamaka: kutsogolera, kotero kupezeka kwawo kapena kusapezeka kwawo m'derali ndichizindikiro cholondola cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.

• Nyama zam'nyanja izi zimakhazikika paliponse cholimba, kotero zimatha kupezeka pamatumba a nyanja, zipolopolo za akamba am'nyanja, zipolopolo za mollusks, nkhanu zakumaso ngakhale nkhanu za m'madzi, ophiuras ndi anamgumi.
• Zambiri mwazinyama zam'madzizi zimakhala zochuluka mwa malipenga. Lipenga limadyanso nsapato.
• Zipatso zam'nyanja zimakhazikika m'malire akuluakulu, pamtunda umodzi wa pansi pa thanthwe, mutha kupeza anthu opitilira zikwi makumi anayi ndi zisanu.
• Mawonekedwe a nyumba zawo amatsimikizika ndi kuchuluka kwa kachulukidwe komwe amakhala ndi zinthu zina.

Nyanja acorn amatanthauza khungubwi crustacean. Zilombozi ndizopadera m'njira zambiri, chifukwa sizimawoneka ngati nsomba zazinkhanira.

Anthu okhwima amakhala moyo wokhazikika, wodziphatika ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana za pansi pa madzi - miyala, miyala ndi mabotolo azombo.

Thupi la nyanja yam'madzi limatetezedwa ndi nyumba yolimba ya laimu, yomwe imakhala ndi mbale zingapo. Gawo lina lamatayilo limalumikizana molumikizana, kotero kuti zipatso za nyanja zimatha kuzikankhira mbali, ndikugundika miyendo yolowapo, ndikuyamba kusinthana. Pakadali pano, madzi, limodzi ndi nyama zam'madzi zanyumba, amalowa mnyumba. Chifukwa chake nyanja yam'madzi imapuma ndikudya.

Popeza ma acorn a nyanja amakhala ndi chipolopolo cholimba komanso amakhala ndi moyo wokhala pansi, asayansi akuti kwa nthawi yayitali amakhala opanga.

Pokhapokha mphutsi za ma acorn omwe anali ofanana ndi crustaceans atapezeka, asayansi adazindikira kuti ma acorn a nyanja ndi amgulu la crustaceans.