Ambiri amadziwa Hamsters monga ziweto, nyama zokongola, zoseketsa komanso zochezeka.
Koma mwachilengedwe, okhala m'derali ndi nyama zoopsa zomwe zimasiyana kwambiri ndi abale owonda. Kwa iwo pamakhala chiwopsezo kwa anthu ndi mbewu zomwe zalimidwa m'mundamo.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Mu 1930, adagwidwa ku Syria chinyama ngati hamster. Chidwi cha nyama iyi idakhazikitsidwa ndi kusaka "mbewa yaku Suriya," yomwe ana adasewera ku Asuri wakale. Ana ake adakhala makolo a banja lalikulu lamakono la hamsters.
Kugawidwa kwa makoswe ku Central Asia, madera opondera ku Eastern Europe, komanso madera ena obwerera ku China ndi USA, mwanjira ina kunalumikizidwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinyama monga ziwalo zakulembeka komanso kupatsanso nyama zosafunikira. Ponseponse, mitundu yopitilira 20 yodzipatula yokha yomwe imakhala ikulu kwambiri ya nkhokwe (wamba) yodzipatula.
Chithunzi chithunzi steppe hamster
Ichi ndi nyama yaying'ono mpaka 35c cm, yokhala ndi thupi lowonda, mutu waukulu pakhosi lalifupi. Mchira umafika masentimita 5. Kulemera pafupifupi mpaka 600-700 gr. Makutu ang'onoang'ono, anangula pa muzzle ndi maso achikuda akhungu mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi mikanda yayikulu amapanga mawonekedwe okongola a bun fluy pamiyendo yayifupi ndi zala zokhala ndi zikhadabo zazifupi zakukumba mabowo ndi mabowo.
Nyama imatetezedwa ndi mano akuthwa komanso amphamvu, omwe amasinthidwa moyo wonse. Chovala cha ubweya wa hamster chimakhala ndi maziko a tsitsi komanso chovala chamkati chomwe chimateteza ngakhale masiku ozizira. Mtundu wa chovalachi nthawi zambiri umakhala wachikaso kapena zofiirira; tricolor owoneka, anthu akuda ndi oyera sakhala wamba.
Pali mitundu yopitilira 40 yosanja yomwe ili ndi mithunzi yofiirira, lalanje ndi imvi, malo amitundu ndi malo osiyanasiyana. Malo ogawa nyama nyama kwambiri chifukwa chobwerera kwawo. Imatha kusintha kulikonse: malo ammapiri, maponda, malamba amtchire, malo okhala - m'makoma imabisala kwa adani ndi nyengo yoyipa.
Kwambiri ndikukhalamo kupezeka kwa chakudya. Nyama zimakonda kwambiri madera omwe ali m'minda ya tirigu, nthawi zambiri zomangira zake zimapezeka molunjika kumtunda. Mankhwala osiyanasiyana ophera tizilombo, herbicides pakubzala dzikolo amapangitsa nyama kusiya nyumba zawo ndikupita kwina. Malo okhala anthu amakopa chakudya chochuluka, motero anthu okhala pabanja nthawi zambiri amapita kukaona mabwalo ndi mabwalo omwe ali ndi malo osungirako.
Chizindikiro cha hamsters ndichabwino chawo chodabwitsa. Mizere imafikira kukula kokulirapo poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa nyama: mpaka 7 m mulifupi ndi mpaka 1.5 m kuya. Mu storages, kulemera kwa chakudya chosungidwa kumakhala kambiri kuposa kulemera kwa hamster wapakatikati.
Masaya apadera ofunikira amtundu wa zikopa zotsekemera amakulolani kunyamula powonjezera kuchuluka kangapo mpaka magalamu 50 a chakudya. Alimi akuwonongeka chifukwa cha kuba za hamster. Kukhazikitsa machitidwe onse kuti muthane ndi zowukira zazitsulo. Iwonso ndi chinthu chosakira mwachilengedwe kwa mbalame zodyedwa ndi kadzidzi, ermines ndi firiji.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Mwachilengedwe, hamsters ndi osungulumwa, otsutsana mwamphamvu ndi onse omwe amalowerera gawo lawo. Amateteza katundu wawo ndi kukula kwake mpaka 10-12 ha. Kukula kwa mdani zilibe kanthu, pali milandu yokhudza kupha agalu akuluakulu.
Ngati makoswe okhudzana nawo amathawa kukumana ndi munthu, ana a steppe hamsters amatha kuukira. Kulumwa ndendende kumapweteka, kumatha kupatsira matenda ambiri, kusiya maliseche.
Kusavomerezeka kumawonekera ngakhale kwa iwo eni. Ofoka sakhala amoyo kwa achibale olimba komanso osokonekera ngati akuwawona ngati mdani pa nyengo yakukhwima kapena akangoona mlendo wosafunikira pazinthu zawo. Zochita za nyama zimawonekera nthawi yamadzulo. Hamsters - nyama zausiku. Masana amabisalira m'mabowo, amapeza mphamvu pakusaka mopanda mantha.
Nyumba zakuya zili 2-2 mita mobisa. Ngati dothi limalola, ndiye kuti hamster ipitilira momwe mungathere padziko lapansi. Chipinda chocheperacho chili ndi mayendedwe atatu: "zitseko" ziwiri zosavuta kuyenda, ndipo chachitatu chimalowetsa m'chipinda chodyeramo chakudya cham'nyengo yachisanu moyo wa nyama.
Hamster amagwiritsa ntchito chakudya chokhacho nthawi yozizira kwambiri komanso nthawi yoyambirira. Munthawi zina zakanthawi, chakudya chimakhala ndi chakudya kuchokera kwina. Pamwamba pa mabowo nthawi zonse pamakhala mulu wokumbidwa pansi, wowazidwa ndi mankhusu ochokera ku mbewu. Ngati cobweb yakumana pakhomo, ndiye kuti nyumbayo imasiyidwa, nyumba zaukhondo zimayeretsa nyumba zawo.
Sikuti onse amakhala onyentchera, mitundu ina imakhala yoyera kotero kuti zovuta za chipale chofewa siziwoneka. Iwo amene amayembekeza kuti nyengo yadzaonongeke nthawi zambiri amakhala ogalamuka nthawi zina amakhala maso kuti akalimbikitse zomwe asunga. Dziko likayamba kutentha, mu February, March kapena koyambirira kwa Epulo, nthawi yakuuka komaliza ifika.
Koma musananyamuke, nyamayo imangodya maphwando, imasonkhanitsa mphamvu, kenako ndikutsegulira zolowera ndi dzenjelo. Poyamba, amuna amatuluka mumabowo, ndipo patapita nthawi pang'ono, zazikazi.
Ubale wamtendere pakati pawo umakhazikitsidwa kokha nthawi yakukhwima, apo ayi amapezeka pazofanana. Mphamvu yodabwitsa ya hamsters kusambira bwino. Amayala matumba awo ngati jekete la moyo lomwe limawasunga m'madzi.
Chakudya cha Hamster
Zakudya za makoswe ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo zimatengera kudera lomwe amakhalamo. Mbewu zamphesa zimapezeka m'minda, ndipo masamba ndi zipatso zimadyedwa pafupi ndi anthu. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala nkhuku zodzutsa nkhuku zazing'ono ngati palibe amene aziteteza.
Panjira yopita kuminda ya ndiwo zamasamba, nyama sizingakane tizilombo tating'ono ndi nyama zazing'ono. Bzalani zakudya makamaka m'zakudya: chimanga, mbatata, nyemba za pea, ma rhizomes azitsamba zosiyanasiyana ndi zitsamba zazing'ono.
Pafupi ndi nyumba ya munthu hamsters akudya Chilichonse, iye ndiwodziwika bwino kwambiri. Nthawi zonse nzika zimayesetsa kuthana ndi anansi otere. Chilichonse chomwe hamsters amadya, chakudya cha chisanu chimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kumbewu zosiyanasiyana ndi mbewu za mbewu.
Kubalanso ndi moyo wa hamster
Hamsters mwachangu komanso mwachangu kubereka chifukwa chakuti mwamunayo ali ndi mabanja angapo. Ngati agonjetsedwa ndi wachibale wolimba pamkangano waukwati, ndiye kuti nthawi zonse amapeza mkazi wina woti adzabereka.
Mbewu zimabadwa kangapo pachaka, zinyalala zilizonse zimakhala ndi ana 5-5. Kuwoneka akhungu ndi dazi, hamsters ali ndi mano kale, ndipo tsiku lachitatu adakutidwa ndi fluff. Pakatha sabata, amayamba kuwona. Poyamba amakhala mchisa moyang'aniridwa ndi amayi.
Akazi amatha kusamalira ngakhale makanda a anthu ena. Koma ana, ngati savomereza kuyambitsidwa, amatha kumuphwanya. Mwachilengedwe, nyama sizikhala nthawi yayitali, mpaka zaka 2-3. Ali mu ukapolo ndi chisamaliro chabwino, nthawi yayitali ya moyo ziweto zanyama ukuwonjezeka mpaka zaka 4-5.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti ana ang'ono, azaka ziwiri zakubadwa, kulowa mdziko la anthu, sasiyanirana mwaukali. Gulani hamster kwa mwana, mutha kuchita mopanda mantha, muyenera kungokumbukira kuti kuchoka kwake posachedwa kumatha kukhala kuvutika kwamalingaliro.
Nthawi yomweyo, ndizofunikira kuti ana athe kusiyanitsa Norman's hamster kuchokera wotchuka katuni cholengedwa chokhala ndi zosowa ndi mawonekedwe.
Ma hamsters othina komanso osewera, mwachitsanzo, ma hamsters a Dzungarian, adzabweretsa chisangalalo ndi chisangalalo ku banja lililonse. Koma mlendo wocheperako amafunika chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro pa zosowa zake. Hamster amatha kukonda kwambiri ana ndi akulu omwe.
Mawonekedwe
Woimira wamkulu wa hamster subfamily. Kutalika kwa amuna amuna akuluakulu ndi 27- 34 cm, mchirawo ndi 3-8 masentimita, ndipo kulemera kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi 700 g. Mchira ndi wokulirapo pamunsi, umathothoka mpaka kumapeto, ndipo umakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi komanso lolimba. Chizindikiro chake ndi cha kutalika kwabwino. Ma auricles ndi afupiafupi, ophimbidwa ndi tsitsi loonda, lakuda. Dzanja ndi phazi ndilalifupi, ndipo zala zake zimakhala ndi zopindika zopangidwa bwino.
Tsitsi ndilokulimba komanso lofewa. Khungu limakhala lowala, mosiyanitsa: thupi lakumwambalo ndi lowonekera, lofiirira, pamimba ndi lakuda. Kumbali zakumaso kuli mawanga awiri akulu owala, omwe nthawi zambiri amasiyanitsidwa ndi chigamba cha ubweya wakuda. Palinso malo owala kumbali zam'mutu ndi kumbuyo kwa makutu, nthawi zina m'malo a mapewa. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zitsanzo zakuda zakuda kwambiri (zotulutsa) kapena zoyerekeza zakuda zokhala ndi mawanga oyera pachiwindi ndi pakhosi. Kuposa ma subspecies oposa 10 akufotokozedwa. Mitundu ya hamsters mkati mwa masanjidwewo imawalira kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera, kukula kwa matupi kumakula kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kummawa komanso kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera.
Kufalitsa
Hamster wamba ndiofala m'madambo ndi m'nkhalangozi, komanso m'madambo osiyanasiyana a Eurasia kuyambira ku Belgium kupita ku Altai ndi Northern Xinjiang.
Ku Russia, malire akumpoto kwa malowa amachokera ku Smolensk kumpoto kwa Rzhev kupita ku Yaroslavl, Kirov ndi Perm; kumpoto kwa Perm Territory, kumafika 59 ° 40 's. sh., ku Zauralie amadutsa ku Yekaterinburg, kudutsa Irtysh kumpoto kwa Tobolsk ndi Ob m'dera la Kolpashevo, kuchokera komwe amapita ku Krasnoyarsk. Sitepe ya Minusinsk ndipamalire akum'mawa, pomwe hamster adalowa posachedwa. Malire akum'mwera amayenda kudutsa Azov ndi Black Sea kudutsa Gagra, kumadzulo kwa Ciscaucasia, komwe kumachokera kumpoto kwa chipululu ndi chipululu cha kum'mawa kwa Caspian ndi Volga-Ural, kudutsa Volga kudera la Astrakhan. Kenako imapita ku Kazakhstan, komwe imapita pafupifupi 47 ° s. w. mpaka kumapeto a mtsinje. Sarysu, alanda kumpoto kwa Betpak-Dala, chapakati komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa mapiri a Kazakh, chigwa rr. Kapena malo a Karatal, omwe amakhala kumapeto kwa dera la kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa Tien Shan, Alakol ndi Zaysan ndipo m'mphepete mwa kumadzulo kwa Altai amapita kubanki yakumanja kwa Yenisei pafupi ndi mudziwo. Bey.
Moyo
Ochulukira kwambiri m'nkhalango, mu udzu wosakanizika ndi udzu wosakaniza ndi udzu. Imalowa mkatikati mwa nkhalango kudutsa m'mapiri a madzi osefukira ndi malo okumbikakumbika, komanso kudzera m'nkhalango (malo oyesedwa kale ndi malo olimidwa kale). Kummwera kwa mulingo, kumamatira madera otentha: zigwa za mitsinje, depressions. Imakwera kumapiri mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhalangoyi, ndipo ngati kulibe nkhalangoyi, kumatanthauza mitengo. Amakhala m'malo olimidwa - machitidwe a mpunga, malamba amtchire, mapaki, minda, minda yamasamba ngakhale nyumba zogona. Pamalo amchenga ndi otayirira amakhala nthawi zambiri kuposa pamtunda wowonda.
Moyo wamadzulo. Masana amakhala mugodi, nthawi zambiri mwakuya komanso zovuta, mpaka 8 m kutalika ndi oposa 1.5 m kuya. Nthawi zina zimatengera zitsamba za gopher. Burashi yokhazikika imakhala ndi 2-5, nthawi zambiri imakhala mpaka 10, chipinda chochezera ndi malo ogona angapo. Kunja kwa nthawi yobereketsa, hamster wamba amakhala moyo wamtundu, amakwiyira achibale komanso okonda kucheza.
Malo osungira
Chiwerengero cha mitundu chatsika kwambiri posachedwa [ liti? ] Zaka 20 ndipo zikupitilirabe, koma makamaka kumadzulo ndi kumpoto kwa mtunduwo. Maiko akuadzulo kwa Europe atenga mapulogalamu azitetezo amtunduwu amtunduwu. Hamster wamba amatetezedwa ku France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Belarus. Mu 2009, adalembedwa m'buku la Red Book of Ukraine, ndipo pofika chaka cha 2012, ku Crimea, chilombochi chidasokoneza kwambiri ulimi wa zachigawocho, kuphatikizapo mafamu akumatauni. M'gawo la Russian Federation limatetezedwa mu mitu 5 ya mgwirizano. Kutsika kwa mitundu ya nyama kunadziwikanso ndi nkhani zina za ku Europe kwa Russia.
Chiwerengero cha Hamster ndi chokhazikika ku Kazakhstan ndi Siberia, komwe pazaka zakukwera kwa anthu, zitha kukhala zovulaza paulimi. Zaka zaposachedwa, chiwerengerochi chakwera m'chigawo cha Azov kudera la Rostov [ gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 529 ], ku Krasnodar Territory, komanso ku Crimea, komwe hamster imayeneranso kuwonongeka kwakukulu.
Mtengo wamafuta
Mpaka ma 1960, inali nkhani ya malonda a ubweya ku Germany, Czechoslovakia ndi Soviet Union. Komabe, kukolola zinyama zamafakitale kuyimitsidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Zitsulo za hamster ndizosafunikira kwenikweni, koma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachilengedwe ndi mitundu yokongoletsera jekete zazimayi za ana ndi ana, zophatikizira ndi zovala.
Zowoneka ngati hamsters
Ma hamsters onse ndi ochepa, matupi awo amatalika kuyambira 5 cm (kwa hamster wamtali) mpaka 30 cm (kwa hamster wamba). Mchirawo umatha kuonekera posachedwa kapena kupitilira kutalika kwa thupi. Nyama zimalemera kuchokera magalamu 7 mpaka 700 kutengera mitundu.
Ma hamsters onse ali ndi thupi laling'ono lozungulira, laling'ono lalifupi ndi zopindika, laling'ono (ndipo mwa mitundu ina yayikulu) makutu, maso akuda bii, ndevu zazitali.
Ubweya wa nyama ndi wandiweyani, nthawi zambiri umakhala wofewa. Utoto wa kumbuyo umatha kukhala osiyanasiyana: kuchokera phulusa, bulauni kapena bulauni mpaka kufiyira, golide kapena pafupifupi wakuda. Mimba nthawi zambiri imakhala yopepuka.
Hamster wamba m'malo achilengedwe.
Chizindikiro cha hamsters ndimatumba a masaya, omwe ndi omata kapena zikopa zaulere kuyambira malo apakati pa zitsulo ndi zitsulo ndi kutulutsa kunsi kwa nsagwada yam'munsi. Matumba otchinga amatambasuka, kulola nyamayo kunyamula chakudya chambiri m'makoko ake. Mwachilengedwe, ma pantries ndi zida zothandiza kwambiri, makamaka kwa nyama, zomwe zimakhala m'malo omwe chakudya chimawoneka mosasamala, koma zochuluka.
Drum hamster ndiye mwini matumba olemera kwambiri omwe amakupatsani mwayi kuti mupereke chakudya chambiri mumapaketi.
Miyendo yakutsogolo ya timipendayi ndikukumbukirayi manja, omwe amawalola kuti azitha kusamalira bwino chakudya. Ma Hamsters nthawi zambiri amasuntha miyendo, kuwalola kufinya chakudya kutsogolo.
Ma Hamsters samawona bwino, koma amatha kumva fungo komanso kumva. Amalumikizana wina ndi mzake pogwiritsa ntchito ma ultrasound ndi ma swak omwe amvekedwa ndi khutu la munthu.
Zakudya
Hamsters makamaka ndi nyama zodyetsera. Zomwe amadya ndizo mbewu, mphukira, mbewu za muzu (tirigu, barele, mapira, nandolo, nyemba, kaloti, mbatata, beets, ndi zina), komanso masamba ndi maluwa.
Hamster amanyamula zazing'ono, monga mbewu, kupita nazo mu dzenje m'masaya, ndi zazikulu, mwachitsanzo, mbatata, m'mano. Amasungira chakudya nthawi yachisanu, amadya mobisa, kapena amadya nthawi yomweyo (pamalo opanda phokoso). Mwachitsanzo, nyamayo imatha kunyamula soya 42 m'matumba mwake.
Kubereka
Mitundu yambiri imatha kutha msanga pambuyo poyamwitsa kapena ngakhale isanayambike. Mwachitsanzo, hamster wamba wamkazi amatha kubala ali ndi zaka 59.
Ma hamsters asanafike ku Asia amakula pang'onopang'ono ndikufika kutha msinkhu wazaka 57-70 masiku. Mwachilengedwe, zimaswana 1, osachepera 2 pachaka, nthawi yachilimwe ndi chilimwe, ngakhale kunyumba ndizitha kubereka ana chaka chonse. Ndi ma hamsters achikazi okha mu chilengedwe omwe amatha kubweretsa ana atatu pachaka. Pa avareji, pali ana 910 ana, nthawi zina mpaka 22.
Pokonzekera kukhala mayi, wamkazi amamanga chisa cha udzu, ubweya ndi nthenga. Mimba imatenga masiku 16 mpaka 20 (mu hamster wamba). Makanda amabadwa amaliseche ndi khungu.
Makhothi ndi osavuta komanso amafupikitsa, monga nyama zonse zomwe zimapezeka kuti zingopitiliza kuthamanga. Pambuyo pa kukhwima, nthenga zimasemphana, ndipo ndizotheka kuti zazimuna ndi zazikazizi sizikumananso. Chosiyana ndi ma hamsters a Dzungarian, omwe ndi abambo abwino ndipo amatumikiranso monga othandizira anzawo. Tateyo amathandizira kuti akhanda azibadwa, kuyeretsa iwo kuchokera kumiyeso ya placenta ndikunyambita mphuno zawo kuti apatse mwayi wopumira. Kenako amakhala ndi chachikazi ndi ana kuti aziwotha. Amayi ake akamachoka kukadyetsa, amakhalabe kuti aziyang'anira makanda.
Mu asanafike ku Asia Hamster ana akhanda kuyamwa azaka zitatu. Ndipo mitundu yomwe ikukula pang'onopang'ono - hamster yooneka ngati mbewa - singathe kukula ngati wamkulu ngakhale miyezi 6.
Adani m'chilengedwe
Palibe chodabwitsa kuti makoko ang'onoang'ono awa m'chilengedwe ali ndi adani ambiri.Amasakidwa ndi nkhandwe, agalu, zodzitchinjiriza, nsapato, agalu, agalu amtchire, kadzidzi, nkhanu ndi mbalame zina zodyedwa. Nightlife imapulumutsa hamsters ku zoopsa zina, koma makamaka zimangodalira chisamaliro, kubisala ndi ma liwiro achangu. Poganiza kuti china chake sichili bwino, mbowo imathamangira kudzenje lake, kuyesa kubisala mwachangu momwe mungathere.
Hamsters ndi bambo
M'nyengo yozizira, ma hamsters amasunga chakudya chambiri m'matumba a zisa zawo (pafupifupi 3-15 makilogalamu), komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo ochepera anthu, samawononga ulimi.
Nkhani yosangalatsa ndi ubale wa munthu yemwe ali ndi hamster wamba. Kuchuluka kwa mitundu imeneyi mu 40s ya zaka za XX kunali kwakukulu, ngakhale zikopa zopitilira miliyoni zimakololedwa chaka chilichonse. Kuyambira 70s, kuwonjezeka kowopsa kwa chiwerengero chake kunayamba, makamaka ku Crimea. Pofika kuchiyambiyambi kwa XXI century, adakhazikika pamapulogalamu amtundu, m'mapaki amzinda, kufikira osawerengeka achilengedwe - anthu 136 pa 1 ha. Mtunduwu unkawonedwa nthawi zonse ngakhale kunja kwa mzinda wa Moscow. Ku Western Europe mu 1970s, ma Hamsters okwanira 15-20 anali kukhala m'malo ena mdera la 1 km2. Mwachiwonekere, ndi chiwerengerochi, nyamayi ndi tizilombo, chifukwa chake njira zingapo zochotsera mitengo zidagwiritsidwapo ntchito, kuyambira mankhwala ophera tizilombo mpaka agalu ophunzitsidwa bwino kuti atulutsire hamsters. Zotsatira zake, mitunduyi idazimiririka m'zaka zaposachedwa. Masiku ano akuyang'aniridwa mosamala m'maiko ambiri aku Europe, komabe, sizinatheke kubwezeretsa manambala.
Mitundu ina yambiri ya nyama yokhala hamsters sili pachiwopsezo cha kutha, mwina chifukwa amakhala m'malo opanda anthu ambiri ndipo amakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yobereketsa.
Wamba Hamster Habitat
Hamster wamba amasankha malo okhala ndi chakudya chokwanira kukhazikika: mapiri, nkhalango zopondera, nkhalango zowirira ngakhale mapiri a malo ammapiri (mpaka 1000 m pamwamba pamtunda wa nyanja). Makamaka mbewa imakonda kuyandikana ndi anthu komanso zikhalidwe zachikhalidwe, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa mavuto akulu azacholimo.
Malo okhala mitundu iyi ya hamsters ndi ochulukirapo. Itha kupezeka ku Urals, Altai, kum'mwera kwa Black Sea, Krasnoyarsk komanso kumalire ndi China. Kunja kwa Russia, amagawidwa kumapazi a Kazakh ndi ku mayiko aku Europe mpaka kumalire a Belgium ndi France. Mwambiri, kuchuluka kwa hamster wamba kumakhala kochulukirapo, koma m'malo ena a Russia amalembedwa mu Red Book ngati mitundu yomwe ili pangozi. M'mayiko a ku Europe, munthuyu amatetezedwa, makamaka chifukwa cha mtundu wake wosadziwika komanso kutchuka kwambiri m'makampani a ubweya.
Zojambula zakunja za hamster wamba
Makoko awa ndi amodzi mwa oimira akulu kwambiri amtunduwu. Kutalika kopanda mchira kumafika 30 cm; pamakhala mchira wolimba wozungulira womwe umakhala ndi zazifupi masentimita 5-8. Hamster imalemera magalamu 400-700.
Maonekedwe ena onse amasiyana pang'ono ndi anthu am'midzi yazing'ono: phokoso lalitali lokhala ndi makutu ozungulira, ubweya wofewa wakuda, zikwama zamiyendo, zala zazing'ono zokhala ndi zala ndi zibowo zakuthwa. Chochititsa chidwi ndi mtundu. Kumbuyo kwa hamster wamba ndi bulauni, mphuno, mphuno ndi miyendo ndiyoyera, ndipo pamimba ndi bere zakuda. Pali malo oyera oyera kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kwa makutu. Ndi chifukwa cha mtundu wowala bwino womwe amakhala amakonda kusaka. Mu chithunzi chojambulidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana okhala nyama, mutha kuwona kusiyana kwake kutengera malo omwe akukhalamo. Palinso mitundu yakuda kwathunthu, komanso yoyera ndi yoyera yokhala ndimawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono amimvi.
Zizolowezi zachilengedwe
Kuthengo, nyama zodzibera. Amamanga timizere tating'ono tambiri tosanjika tating'ono tomwe timakhala ndi malo angapo otentha nthawi yachisanu, zisa za chirimwe ndi nthawi yozizira, komanso malo ambiri opumira. Zokongoletsera zimayika madera awo ndipo osalola ma hamsters ena. Nyama zimalumikizana nthawi yakukhwima m'gawo la mzimayi, pambuyo pake mwamunayo amusiya, popeza wamkazi amakhala wankhanza kwambiri ngati "chibwenzi" chachedwa motalika nitha kumuyandikira. Yaikaziyo imabereka ndipo imabweretsa ana amuna.
Hamster ndi wokhalamo usiku, amagona ndikubisala m'kugwanika kwake masana, ndipo atayamba kucha, amayamba kuwedza, amadya kwambiri, ndikudzaza masaya ake ndi zinthu zoti agwiritse ntchito mtsogolo ndikuwapititsa kumalo otentha. Sadziwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zingakhale zokwanira nthawi yonse yozizira, chifukwa chake amadzichotsera chovala chake monga momwe amathiririra chisanu choyamba, kenako nkumadziziratu. Nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 10 a zakudya zosiyanasiyana zimasungidwa mu nkhokwe zake. Ma hamster pantries adapezeka omwe ali ndi nkhokwe zopitilira 50 makilogalamu, mwina, izi zinali zochuluka za zaka zingapo za moyo. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti nyamayo imawonjezera zakudya zosiyanasiyana payekhapayekha. Chifukwa chake mu bowo limodzi mumatha kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tirigu: tirigu, oats, buckwheat, chimanga, lupins, masamba ndi mbewu yamafuta ndi mizu - izi ndi zomwe hamster wamba amadya nthawi yayitali.
Thonje limateteza mosamala zomwe amapereka kuchokera kwa nyama zina ndi abale, limatha kulowerera. Akakwiya, amadzuka miyendo yake yakumbuyo, akuwulula mano amphamvu ndikukonzekera kudumpha. Hamster wamba amalumpha bwino ndikuthamanga kwambiri akathawa mdani, koma pamalo abata amayenda pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa cha ntchito zake, imatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 8.
Zakudya zachilengedwe za hamster wamba
Hamster wamba alibe ulemu kwambiri pakudya. Zakudya zake zimatengera malo. Maziko a chakudyacho ndi mbewu monga chimanga, zitsamba ndi mizu, amakonda nyama ndi mizu yochokera m'munda wa anthu. Mwakusangalala amadya mphutsi za tizilombo, abuluzi, achule ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, mwachitsanzo, mbewa. Mimba ndi yolimba kwambiri ndipo imatha kugaya chakudya chilichonse.
Kubadwira mwachilengedwe
Ngakhale hamster wamba ndi wosakhalitsa, imaberekana mwachangu kwambiri. Nyengo yamasamba imatha kuyambira Epulo mpaka Ogasiti. Wamphongo amapeza chachikazi ndi fungo, nkutira manyowa ndikuchokapo. Mimba yaimayi imakhala kupitirira milungu iwiri.
Ana ang'ono amabadwa ali khungu ndi amaliseche, ndipo pofika masabata awiri amayamba kuphimba ubweya ndikutsegula maso awo. Akazi amawadyetsa mkaka kwa milungu itatu, kenako amawasamutsira chakudya chachilengedwe. Pazaka za 4−5, anawo amasiya chisa cha amayi ndikupanga ma mink awo. Popita nthawi yotentha, wamkazi amatha kubweretsa ma litre awiri ndi atatu amtundu uliwonse wa 12-12.
Akazi kuyambira zinyalala yoyamba kumapeto kwa chilimwe ali kale ndi ana awo. Chifukwa chake, pamikhalidwe yabwino, kuchuluka kwa anthu kumatha mofulumira kwambiri.
Wamba hamster kunyumba
Mtengo wa nyama m'sitolo ndiwotsika, koma sizokayikitsa kuti mungapeze hamster wamba mwa iwo, chifukwa chake ichi ndi chiweto chachilendo kwa nyumbayo. Ngakhale kusungako nyama yotereyi sikubweretsa zovuta zilizonse, ambiri sangayerekeze kutenga nyama yakuthengo kunyumba.
Pazinyumba mudzafunika khola lalikulu lodalirika. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi anthu wamba, amafunika malo ochulukirapo oyenda. Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi gudumu loyendetsa. Ngati hamster wamba samayenda mokwanira, amatha kuchira ndipo amatha kudwala.
Kusamalira ndikusunga ukhondo m'chipinda, kupatsa thanzi zakudya zoyenera. Hamster amafunika kupereka chokwanira chokwanira kukonzekeretsa chisa ndi ma pantry, imatha kukhala pepala loyera, utuchi, zidutswa za ubweya. Kusintha zinyalala ndikuyeretsa khola, chiweto chimayenera kuchokeranamo ndikuchisunga, popeza chitenticho sichimalola kuti anthu akunja alowe gawo lake ndipo akhoza kuluma kwambiri. Kafotokozedwe ka moyo wake m'chilengedwe amatiuza za mikhalidwe yake yankhondo, ndipo ngakhale nyama zapakhomo zimapendabe.
Pazakudya, hamster wamba amakhala wopanda ulemu. Kunyumba, ndizotheka kudyetsa ziweto ndi zinthu kuchokera pagome lanyumba. Koma sitiyenera kuiwala kuti ndikofunikira kubweretsa chakudya cha nyama yakutchire pafupi ndi yachilengedwe: perekani mbewu zina (zodzaza tirigu zosinthidwa ndizoyeneranso: buckwheat, mapira, mpunga), mbewu yazipatso mu mawonekedwe osaphika ndi nyama yophika. Musadyetse hamster kwambiri komanso zokometsera, komanso maswiti. Shuga ndiowopsa kwa nyama, thupi lawo silitha kuthana ndi kukonzanso kwa glucose wambiri.
Sichabwino kudziwa kubereka hamster wamba kunyumba. Mwachilengedwe, chilombochi sichikhala m'magulu awiriawiri, sichingalekerere izi ali akapolo. Zolocha zimayenera kusungidwa m'malo osiyirana osiyanasiyana, zimatha kuphatikizidwa pokhapokha pakubala ndikutsatira njirayi munthawi yopatula wamwamuna, mpaka wamkazi ayambe kukwiya ndikuwukira. Masabata 4-5 atabadwa, ma hamsters ang'onoang'ono amafunika kusamutsidwa kuchokera kwa amayi awo, makamaka m'maselo osiyanasiyana. Mukawasiya kuti azikakhala limodzi, mikangano ndi ndewu ndizosapeweka.
Ubale ndi munthu
Ngakhale hamster atabadwa kunyumba, sayenera kukhala nyama yonyansa. Mwamuna kwa iye, koposa zonse, chirombo china chikuzungulira gawo lake. Hamster wamba samuopa zilombo zazikulu ndipo mopanda mantha adzathamangira aliyense yemwe angamusokoneze. Kunyumba, imangokhala nkhani yosangalatsa kuti muziwonera.
Kuthengo, hamster wamba ndi mdani wamabungwe azikhalidwe zamunthu komanso wofalitsa matenda. Ngakhale kuti madera ena amalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira, m'malo omwe amayandikira ndi munthu amawonongeka.
Kunyumba, hamster azikhala ndi moyo zaka 2-4 ndipo azisangalatsa okhalamo ndi mtundu wowala ndi chilengedwe chake.
Kodi nyundo za a Dzungarian zimakhala kuti kuthengo?
Malo omwe nyamayo idabadwira ndi Asia, Siberia, Kazakhstan. Mwachilengedwe, dzhungariki amakonda kukhala m'zipululu, mapiri owuma, nthawi zambiri m'malo okhala nkhalango. Chifukwa chake, ma hamsters a Dzungarian amatha kupezeka kum'mawa kwa Kazakhstan, Kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China ndi Mongolia.
Kukhazikika kwa malo obisika a ma Dzungarian ku Russia ndi Western Siberia, madera akumwera kwa Transbaikalia, Tuva, kumapiri a Minusinsk, Aginsky ndi Chui. Itha kupezekanso kumapiri a Altai pamtunda wamamita 2 mpaka 4,000 pamwamba pa nyanja. Hamsters amakonda kukhazikika m'magawo omwe sanakhazikitsidwe, komanso amalolera malo okhala ndi anthu.
Nyumba yokhala ndi ma hamung a Dzungari ndi ngalawa zamkati, kuya kwake komwe kumatha kufikira mita imodzi. Pa iwo mutha kusiyanitsa jenda ndi zaka za dzhungarik. Amuna achichepere amakhala ndi ang'ono komanso osaya, akazi ali ndi zochulukirapo, akulu komanso amuna amphamvu amakhala ndi zazikulu. Burrows of Dzungarian hamsters ali ndi nthambi zambirimbiri, ziphuphu zingapo ndi zipinda, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma pantries, malo ogona ndi zimbudzi.
Kodi nyama zamtchire zamtchire zimadya chiyani kuthengo?
Malingaliro olakwika akuti ma hamungarian hamsters amangodyera kokha udzu akhazikitsidwa. M'malo mwake, ali pafupi omnivorous. Chakudya chimasiyanasiyana. Kuthengo, nyama nthawi zambiri zimadyera tizilombo (mbozi, dzombe, nyerere, mbozi, njenjete, mphutsi).
Komanso nyama zimadya zipatso, mphukira zazing'ono za mitengo, masamba ndi mizu ya mbewu, nthanga ndi mbewu. Pofunafuna chakudya, nyama zazing'onozi zimatha kuyenda mtunda wautali.
Kwa nthawi yozizira, dzungariki amakonda kukhala ndi zochuluka. Munthu m'modzi amatha kudziunjikira mpaka ma kilogalamu 20 a mbewu ndi mbewu. Ndipo nthawi zina hamsters amabisala mpaka ma 90 kg muminki yawo. Ma Hamsters amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu, kotero masamba ochokera m'minda yamasamba amawoneka pazosankha zawo. Koma zimawonongeka msanga, motero ma hamsters nthawi zambiri amapita kukatumba kukasaka tirigu kuti akabwezereni zakudya.
Adani achilengedwe
Monga nyama iliyonse yamtchire, hamster ya Dzungarian ili ndi adani ake. Popeza hamsters amakhala makamaka m'mapululu komanso kumapiri, mbalame zomwe zimadyedwa ndi adani awo akuluakulu. Masana nkhwangwa ndi nthumwi zina za banja ili zimasaka, usiku - kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi.
Kwa makoswe okhala munkhalango zoweta, zodya nyama zapadziko lapansi ndizowopsa: nkhandwe, mimbulu, lynxes, ermines, badger, martens, ferrets ndi mapfumo. Komanso chowopsa kwa dzhungariks ndi amphaka ndi agalu osaka, omwe nthawi zambiri amawukira a hamsters omwe amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala.
Kuchokera kuukira kwadzidzidzi kwa olusa a nkhwangwa za a Dzungarian, kupulumutsidwa kwabwino kwambiri. Ngati phokosolo lili chete, ndiye kuti nkhalangoyi imathamangira kukabisala m'nyumba yake yopanda kapena malo ena obisika. Ngati mkokomo ndi wosiyana komanso wokweza, ndipo palibe njira yobisala, ndiye kuti hamster imazizira m'malo mwake, ndikuyembekeza kupita osadziwika. Ngati njirayi sagwira ntchito, nkhalangoyi imayimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo, imatenga malo owoneka bwino ndikupanga mawu okweza.
Njirayi imathandizira kudziteteza. Atha kugwiritsanso ntchito mano ake okuthwa komanso zibwano akamalimbana ndi mdani. Ndipo izi sizikhudzana ndi zilombo zokha, komanso olimbana nawo: ngati wotere angayendemo m'gawo la munthu wina, nthawi yomweyo amalandira chenjezo loyamba.
Kuphatikiza apo, mawu akuthwa amapangidwira kuti asangowopseza adani, komanso kudziwitsa achibale za ngozi yomwe yabwera. Izi zapangitsa kuti dzina lakutchulidwa "kuimba hamsters" lipatsidwe kwa nyama.
Dzhungariki - zolengedwa zazing'ono, zosatetezeka, koma chilengedwe chomwechokha chidasamalira chitetezo chawo. Amadalitsa nyama zamtunduwu ndi chovala cha ubweya chomwe chimaphatikiza chilengedwe, ngakhale nyengo yozizira, nyama zimasungunula ndikusintha ubweya wawo ndi zoyera. Mu Chingerezi amatchedwa mwanjira iyi - hamster yoyera yozizira yozizira - hamsters oyera amzake ozizira.
Chifukwa chake zilombo zonse, zomwe zimatengedwa palimodzi, sizingawononge ma hamung a Dzungarian ngati mtundu, zimangoyimitsa kuchuluka kwa agalu ocheperako.
Mbiri yakale ya nkhokwe ya Dzungarian
Zosadabwitsa, koma gulu la oimira nyama zawoneka posachedwa. Nyama chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kakang'ono sizinakope chidwi cha akatswiri a sayansi kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, popita nthawi, banja lonse lidadziwika - a Hamsters, omwe pambuyo pake adaphatikiza mitundu yambiri ya hamsters ochokera kudziko lonse lapansi.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, hamung Dzsters amapezeka ndi wasayansi wotchuka komanso wapaulendo P.S. Pallas mu 1773 paulendo wawo wopitilira gawo lamakono la Kazakhstan.
Posachedwa, pakhala kutsutsana kuti nkhalangoyo ndi yamtundu wa Campbell hamster (Phodopus campbelli). Tsopano kwakhazikitsidwa kuti hamster ya Dzungarian ndi mitundu ina.
Hamsters adakhala ziweto kokha mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 20. Makoswe okongola komanso ophatikizika: ndi ubweya wofewa, masaya ozungulira, makutu ang'ono ndi mchira wosawonekera - mwachangu amatha kupambana chikondi cha eni ake. Tsopano a hamsters a Dzungarian akhala amodzi mwa ziweto zomwe zimakonda kwambiri.