Masiku ano, akambuku a ku Indochinese amakhala ku Southeast Asia. Nyama yolusa imeneyi imakhala kumayiko monga Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia. Mu 2008, ma subspecies awa adalembedwa mu Red Book ndi zolengedwa zomwe zatsala pang'ono kufa. Koma chowonadi ndichakuti kuchuluka kwa chilombo champhamvu ichi kuyandikira pafupi kwambiri.
Ku Cambodia, amadziwika kuti anazimiririka, koma malinga ndi zolembedwa zina, kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 30 olusa amakhala kumeneko. Ku Myanmar, kuli akambuku 85, ku Laos kuli 23, ku Vietnam kuli 19, ndipo anthu ambiri amakhala ku Thailand. Pafupifupi anthu 250 amakhala mdziko muno. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti zaka zambiri zapitazo izi ndi za akambuku a Bengal, koma mu 1968 adasinthidwanso ngati mabungwe apadera a South ndi Southeast Asia.
Kufotokozera
Chigoba cha chikwanje cha Indochinese ndichoperewera mpaka kukula kwa chigamba cha Bengal. Palinso kusiyana pakhungu la zikopa. Ku Indochinese, kumakhala mdima pang'ono, ndipo mikwingwirima ndiyifupi komanso yocheperako. Amuna m'litali amafika 2.55-2.85 metres ndi kulemera kwa 150-195 kg. Kutalika kwa akazi ndi 2.3-2.55 mita. Kulemera kumasiyana 100 mpaka 130 kg.
Chilombochi chili pamalo apamwamba kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito zakudya, ndiye kuti, chili ndi udindo wa mdani wamkulu. Koma pakadali pano, akambuku a ku Indo-Chinese akuchepa, ndipo m'malo ena nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa m'chilengedwe. Izi zili ndi zovuta zowopsa, chifukwa kugwira ntchito kwachilengedwe kumasokonekera. Kupatula apo, kuchuluka kwa nyalugwe kumayang'anira kukula kwa kuchuluka kwina ndipo kumakhudza kwambiri kuchepetsa kapena kuchuluka kwa mitundu yazinyama.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Zinyama zamphaka zamphongo zamphongo zambiri zimagona chaka chonse, koma nthawi yayitali ya chipatsochi imayamba mu Novembala - Epulo. Mimba imatenga masiku 100-105. Mu zinyalala mumatha kukhala ndi ana 7, koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala ena atatu. Ng'ombe zimabadwa ndi makutu ndi maso otsekeka. Amatseguka ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito sabata limodzi atabadwa.
Mwana aliyense wamtembo watatu samakhala ndi chaka chimodzi. Nthawi zina, zinyalala zonse zimafa. Zomwe zimayambitsa imfa ndi kusefukira kwamoto ndi moto wamnkhalango. Akambuku aang'ono amasiya amayi awo ali ndi zaka 1.5-2. Pambuyo pake, amayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Akazi amakhala okhwima pazaka zapakati pa 3.5, abambo okhwima pambuyo pake - wazaka 5.
Kuthengo, akambuku a ku Indonesia amakhala zaka 15-16. Popeza nyama izi zimakhala ndi mitundu yocheperako chifukwa chochuluka, mitundu imafooka. Izi zimabweretsa kusabereka, komanso zolakwika zingapo zathupi, makamaka strabismus, lumbar Lordosis, orofacial cleft.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Chithunzi: Indochinese Tiger
Pophunzira zotsalira zakale za akambuku, zinaululika kuti zolengedwa zomwe zimayamwa zinakhala padziko lapansi zaka 3,000 miliyoni zapitazo. Komabe, potengera kafukufuku wa genomic, zidatsimikizira kuti akambuku onse amoyo padziko lapansi sanapezekenso zaka 110,000 zapitazo. Panthawiyo, panali kuchepa kwakukulu kwa dziwe la gene.
Asayansi adafufuza mitundu ya mitundu ya 32 ya tiger ndipo anapeza kuti amphaka amtchire amagawika m'magulu asanu ndi amitundu osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chotsutsana kosatha pamasamba angapo enieniwo, ofufuzawo sanathe kuyang'ana kwambiri kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe, zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha.
Nthiwe ya ku Indochinese (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Corbett tiger) ndi amodzi mwa mabungwe 6 omwe adalipo kale, omwe dzina lawo la Chilatini Panthera tigris corbetti adamupatsa mu 1968 kulemekeza msungichuma wa ku England, yemwe amateteza zachilengedwe komanso wosaka nyama wina wotchedwa Jim Corbett.
M'mbuyomu, akambuku a ku Malaysia adawerengedwa ngati boma, koma mchaka cha 2004 anthu adagulu lina. Akambuku a Corbett amakhala ku Cambodia, Laos, Burma, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand. Ngakhale akambuku ochepa kwambiri a ku Indochinese, okhala m'midzi yaku Vietnam nthawi zina amakumana ndi anthu.
Kukhala Ndi Khalidwe Labwino
Zidyerazi zimangokhala zokhaokha. Ndiobisalira kwambiri, osamala, motero nkovuta kwambiri kuwawona kuthengo. Chifukwa chake, mayendedwe amphaka wamtundu wa Indochinese samveka bwino. Amadyera makamaka osapembedza. Koma m'malo ena Kummwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, agwape, njati zamtchire, nkhumba zakutchire zakhala zazing'ono motalika chifukwa cha kusaka kosaloledwa. Izi zidapangitsa kuti akambuku asinthe kukhala chaching'ono.
Koma samapatsa mphamvu chilombo cholimbira komanso chachikulu. Koma, tinene kuti, palibe chakudya chokwanira chakubala. Chifukwa chake, sizodabwitsa kuti chiwerengero cha Indochinese chikutsika chaka ndi chaka. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chosowa chakudya, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe komanso chifukwa chakupha. Amphaka amphaka amasakidwa nthawi zonse, chifukwa ziwalo zawo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ku China, ndipo zikopa ndizopindulitsa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Tizilombo ta Animal Indochinese
Akambuku a Corbett ndiocheperako kuposa anzawo - akambuku a Bengal ndi tiger Amur. Poyerekeza ndi iwo, nyalugwe wa ku Indochinese ndi wakuda - lalanje, lalanje, chikasu, ndipo mikwingwiroyi imakhala yofupikirako ndipo nthawi zina imawoneka ngati mawanga. Mutu umakhala wokulirapo komanso wosakhazikika, mphuno ndi yayitali komanso yotalikirapo.
- kutalika kwa amuna ndi 2.50-2.80 m,
- kutalika kwa akazi ndi 2.35-2.50 m,
- Kulemera kwa amuna ndi makilogalamu 150-190,
- kulemera kwa akazi ndi 100-135 kg.
Ngakhale ali ndi kukula kocheperako, anthu ena amatha kulemera kuposa kilogalamu 250.
Pali mawanga oyera pamasaya, chibwano ndi malo amaso; azungu amakhala m'mphepete mwa muzzle. Vibrissas ndi yoyera, yayitali komanso yotentha. Chifuwa ndi m'mimba ndizoyera. Mchira wautali pansi ndi wotalika, wowonda komanso wakuda pamapeto pake: pafupifupi mikwingwirima khumi ikupezeka.
Kusungidwa kwa akambuku a Indochinese
Thandizo labwino kwambiri pakusunga zachilengedwe zilizonse zimaperekedwa ndi malo osungira nyama. Koma subspecies omwe amawaganizira muukapolo ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo saphatikizidwa mu mapulogalamu aliwonse oswana. Mu 2010, m'malo 16 osiyirana 16 a mayiko osiyanasiyana, anthu 16 mwa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya Indochinese ya akambuku 105 adadziwika. Kuchokera kuthengo, akambuku 314 mpaka 357 amoyo amakhala. Ndipo ndizo zonse. Ndiye kuti, nkhani yosamalira ma subspecies ndiyowopsa.
Opitilira hafu ya tiger amakhala kumadzulo kwa Thailand ku Huai Kha Haeng Wanyama Zakuthengo. Awa ndi malo opanda chonde komanso otentha komanso otentha kwambiri okhala ndi mitengo yambiri. Chodabwitsa chachikulu chinali kupezeka kwa anthu ena kum'mawa kwa Thailand. Izi zinachitika mu Marichi 2017 ndipo zinali zodabwitsa kwa akatswiri. Amakhulupirira kuti akambuku a Thailand amapulumuka kumadzulo kokha.
Ku Myanmar, akambuku a ku Indochinese amakhala ku Tamanti Zinyama Zakuthengo ndipo m'malo ena awiri otetezedwa. Pamenepa, kwenikweni, malo onse okhala nyama zolusa zamphamvu. Koma palibe pulogalamu yowunikira yosunga ma subspecies. Chiwerengero chake sichikuwonjezeka, chifukwa chake zamtsogolo sizikudziwika. Koma tiyeni tiyembekezere za kufunikira kwa anthu komanso kufunitsitsa kwawo kupulumutsa amphaka apadera.
Khalidwe La Indochinese Tigers
Awa ndi nyama zokhazokha zomwe zimakhala m'malo opezeka mvula, malo otentha, mapiri komanso mapiri. Akambuku a Indochinese amabisidwa mwachilengedwe, chifukwa chake, kuwonekera kwawo ali mu ukapolo kumakhala kovuta chifukwa komwe kulibe chidziwitso chambiri chokhudza moyo wawo.
Amadyera makamaka zazing'onoting'ono zazing'onoting'ono: zazikulu zamkati, zambars zachi India, njoka, gauras achinyamata, banteng ndi zina zotero. Koma m'malo ambiri kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, anthu atsala pang'ono kufafaniza nyama zosavomerezeka monga kapu, nguluwe za nkhumba, agwape, zimbudzi za Schomburg, njati zam'madzi zaku Asia ndi zina zotero. Pankhani imeneyi, akambuku a ku Indo-Chinese adayenera kusinthana ndi zazing'onoting'ono zazing'onoting'ono: zopopera, macaque, muntzhakov, telecidae, mbalame, nsomba komanso zokwawa. Zoyambitsa zoweta sizingakumanidwe ndi zazing'ono zazing'onoting'ono kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zawo, chifukwa cha izi zimakhala zovuta kulankhula za kubala kwawo. Vutoli komanso kupha anthu ndi chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha akambuku a ku Indochinese.
Ng'ombe za ku Indochinese ndi nyama yobisika yokha.
"Amphaka akulu" awa amakonda kusambira, amasambira mwachangu nyengo yotentha. Amakonda kusaka abisalira usiku. Monga lamulo, mwa 10 yakuukira, imodzi yokha ndiyopambana.
Akwatibwi amapanga mawu oyimba, ndipo amathanso kulira nawo mokweza kwambiri. Zidyamakanda izi zakula bwino kumva ndikuona, ndipo ma vibrissae amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chogwira mtima.
Choopseza chachikulu kwa akambuku a ku Indochinese ndi anthu. Koma nyama zitha kubwezera zomwezo.
Ku Vietnam, panali zina pomwe wamwamuna wamkulu, wolemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 250 ndi mita 2.8, adawopseza anthu am'derali m'midzi kwazaka zambiri. Kambukuyu anapha ng'ombe zamphongo 30, ngakhale kuti anthu am'derali anayesetsa kwambiri kugwira nyama yomwe ikudya. Mpanda wamamita atatu udamangidwa pafupi ndi mudzi umodzi, koma kambuku adalumphira pomwepo, ndikupha mwana wang'ombe yemwe amalemera kilogalamu 60, ndikuyigwira ndikudumpha ndi nyama. Kambuku iyi idavulazidwa ndikufa, kenako idatha kuyenda mtunda wina wamakilomita ena.
Akatsamba amtundu wa Indochinese ndi amphamvu kwambiri, alibe adani achilengedwe.
Akatswiri amtundu wa Indochinese amagwira ntchito kwambiri, amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali patsiku. Amatha kuthamanga pa liwiro la makilomita 60-70 pa ola limodzi. Kudumpha kamodzi kwa nyama zamphamvu chonchi kumatha kutalika kwa mita 10.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa akambuku a ku Indochinese ndi zaka 15-18, koma ataliatali amakhala ndi zaka 26.
Kapangidwe kanyimbo zamtundu wa Indochinese
Amuna amakhala moyo wopanda wokha, ndipo akazi amakhala ambiri moyo wawo ndi ana awo. Munthu aliyense amakhala pa malo ake odyetserako chakudya, omwe malire ake ndi omwe amawateteza. Ziweto zazimuna zambiri zikuwungana pang'ono ndi zinthu zingapo zazikazi. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timayika malire am'mimbayo ndi mkodzo ndipo timapanga zipsera pamitengo.
Pafupifupi miyezi 18, ana amphongo amasiya amayi awo, ndikuyamba kudzidalira.
Kuswana akambuku
Amphaka "amphaka akulu" awa chaka chonse, koma nsonga imagwera nthawi yozizira. Nthawi zambiri, amuna okwatirana amakhala ndi aggine, madera omwe ali oyandikana nawo. Amuna ochulukirapo akamasamalira wamkazi, ndewu zimabuka pakati pa adani.
Yaikazi nthawi ya estrus imayika dera lake ndi mkodzo, potero amawonetsa amuna kuti ali okonzeka kukhwima. Wamphongo ndi wamkazi amakhala pafupifupi sabata limodzi, pomwe amakwatirana pafupifupi 10 pa tsiku. Yaikazi imapanga phanga pamalo osabereka momwe imaberekera. Wamkazi amatha kumvana ndi amuna angapo, pomwe ana amphongo amatha kukhala ndi abambo osiyanasiyana.
Mimba imatenga pafupifupi masiku 103, kenako mkazi amabereka ana 7, koma nthawi zambiri ana atatu amphaka atatu amakhala mu zinyalala. Ana a anyani amtundu wa Indochinese amatha 2 pachaka. Ana alibe thandizo komanso khungu, maso awo amawonekera patatha masiku 6-8, ndipo mano a mkaka amakula patatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Mano okhazikika mu ana amakula pazaka 11. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, pafupifupi 35% ya ana amwalira. Mayi amadyetsa ana ake mkaka kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Anthu akumderalo amasaka akambuku awa chifukwa cha zikopa zawo, zibwano, mano ndi ziwalo zamkati.
Pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ana amphaka okha akuyesera kale kusaka nyama zazing'ono. Kukula kwachichepere kumasiya amayi ali ndi miyezi 18-28. Akazi amakhala ndi amayi awo nthawi yayitali kuposa abale awo. Kutha msambo mwa akazi a akambuku a ku Indochinese kumachitika zaka 3.5, ndipo amuna amakhala achikulire azaka 5.
Kuchulukitsa kwa anyani amiseche
Chiwerengero cha anthu amtunduwu, malinga ndi magawo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira 1200 mpaka 1800 tiger. Koma akukhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kotsika kumakhala chowonadi kwambiri.
Ku Vietnam, akambuku pafupifupi 3,000 aku Indochinese adawombera kuti agulitse ziwalo zawo, komwe kukonzekera kwachikhalidwe cha mankhwala achi China kumapangidwira.
Ku Vietnam, akambuku atatu adawonongeka chifukwa chogulitsa ziwalo, ndi cholinga chopanga mankhwala aku China.
Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha akambuku a ku Indochinese akhazikika ku Malaysia, popeza uhule umalangidwa kwambiri pano, motero ndizochepa. Koma kuchuluka kwa akambuku a ku Indochinese akuwopsezedwa kuti adzatha, osati chifukwa cha kuba, komanso kugawanika kwa malowo.
Kuphatikiza pa agalu okhala zachilengedwe, anthu enanso 60 amakhala m'malo osungira nyama. Mu Buku Lofiyira, nyamazo zili m'malo a nyama zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Amakhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa akambuku a ku Indochinese akuchepa kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa mabungwe ena, popeza ozizira amawombera munthu m'modzi sabata iliyonse.
Asayansi akuyembekezerabe kuti anthu omwe savutika ndi zoyipa za anthu adzapulumuka mtsogolo. Zoyimitsa zazikulu kwambiri zimayikidwa pa akambuku omwe amakhala m'chigawo pakati pa Myanmar ndi Thailand. Akuti pafupifupi anthu 250 amakhala m'mudzimo.
Akambwe akuluakulu kwambiri a ku Indochinese amapezeka ku Malaysia.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuthekera kwakukulu kulipo ku Central Vietnam ndi South Laos. Chifukwa chake tikukhulupirira kuti manambala a akambuku a ku Indochinese abwezeretsedwa.
Kufikira kwaulere pamtunda wa akambuku a ku Indochinese kunali kocheperako, chifukwa chake akatswiri azamoyo atangopeza mwayi wophunzira nyamazo, chifukwa chomwe chidziwitso chomwe sichimadziwika kale chidafotokozedwa. Zambiri zimatha kukhala zothandiza pochita zinthu kuti zitha kusungidwa.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Kodi kambuku wa ku Indochinese amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Indochinese Tiger
Kukhazikika kwa nyama zodya nyama kuchokera kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia mpaka kumwera chakum'mawa kwa China. Ambiri mwa anthuwa amakhala m'nkhalango za Thailand, ku Huaikhakhang. Chiwerengero chochepa chili kumapiri a Lower Mekong ndi Annam. Pakadali pano malo okhala ndi ochepa kuchokera ku Thanh Hoa kupita ku Bing Phuoc ku Vietnam, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Cambodia ndi Laos.
Zoyenera kukhala zimapezeka m'malo otentha omwe amakhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, chomwe chimakhala m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri, zimakhala mumitengo yayitali ndi ming'alu. M'malo oyenera, pali achikulire pafupifupi 10 pa kilomita 100. Komabe, mikhalidwe yamasiku ano yachepetsa kuchulukana kuyambira 0,5 mpaka 4 tiger pa kilomita 100 lalikulu.
Komanso, chiwerengero chokwanira kwambiri chimapezeka m'malo achonde omwe amaphatikiza zitsamba, mitengo ndi nkhalango. Gawo, lomwe limaphatikizapo nkhalango yokha, ndiabwino kwambiri kwa adani. Pali udzu wochepa, ndipo akambuku ambiri amadya nyama zokhala ndi ziboda. Chiwerengero chawo chachikulu chimapezeka m'madzi osefukira.
Chifukwa choyandikira madera olimapo ndi malo okhala, akambuku amakakamizidwa kukhala m'malo omwe kulibe nyama - nkhalango zolimba kapena zigwa zosabereka. Malo omwe ali ndi nyengo yabwino yolusa nyama amasungidwa kumpoto kwa Indochina, m'nkhalango za Mapiri a Cardamom, m'nkhalango za Tenasserim.
Malo omwe nyama zidakwanitsa kupulumuka ndizovuta kupeza anthu. Koma ngakhale madera awa sakhala malo abwino kwambiri a akambuku a ku Indochinese, kotero kusowa kwawo sikutali. Ngakhale m'malo okhala bwino, palinso zinthu zina zofananira zomwe zadzetsa zovuta zochepa.
Kodi kambuku wa ku Indochinese amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Akambuku a ku Indochinese
Zakudya za nyama zodya nyama zodya nyama zambiri zimakhala ndi mitundu yayikulu. Komabe, kuchuluka kwawo chifukwa chakusaka kwalamulo kwatsika kwambiri posachedwapa.
Pamodzi ndi zopanda nyama, amphaka amtchire amakakamizidwa kusaka nyama zina zazing'onoting'ono:
M'madera momwe nyama zazikulu zakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zochita za anthu, mitundu yaying'ono ikukhala chakudya chosowa kwambiri cha akambuku a ku Indochinese. M'malo omwe mulibe zipatso zochepa, akambuku ndi ochepa. Zoyang'anira sizimapewa mbalame, zokwawa, nsomba, ngakhalenso zovunda, koma chakudya chotere sichingakwaniritse zosowa zawo.
Sikuti aliyense amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala m'malo okhala nyama zambiri. Pafupifupi, nyama yolusa imayenera kudya ma kilogalamu 7 mpaka 10 tsiku lililonse. M'mikhalidwe yotere, sikotheka kunena za kubereka kwamtunduwu, chifukwa chake, izi zimakhudza kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu poyerekeza ndi kuba.
Ku Vietnam, wamwamuna wamkulu, wolemera kilogalamu 250, adabera ng'ombe kwa nzika kwanthawi yayitali. Anayesa kumugwira, koma kuyesayesa kwake kunalibe. Nzika zidamanga mpanda wamamita atatu kuzungulira malo okhala, koma wolusa adadumpha, nadzaba mwana wa ng'ombe ndikubisala momwemonso. Nthawi yonseyi ankangodya ng'ombe 30.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Nyama yamtundu wa Indochinese
Mwachilengedwe, amphaka amtchire ndi nyama zokha. Munthu aliyense amakhala mdera lake, koma pali akambuku osokera omwe alibe malo ake. Ngati pali chakudya m'gawolo, minda ya akazi ndi 15-20 kilomita, amuna - 40-70 makilomita pa sikweya. Ngati pali zozungulira zochepa m'mphepete mwa mzindawo, ndiye kuti madera azithunzithunzi azambiri amatha kufikira ma kilomita 200-400, ndipo amuna amuna pafupifupi 700-1000. Madera azimuna ndi amuna amatha kuchulukana, koma amuna samakhazikika m'magawo onse, atha kupambananso kuchokera kwa mdani.
Akambuku a ku Indochinese nthawi zambiri nthawi yamadzulo. Pa tsiku lotentha, amakonda kulowa m'madzi ozizira, ndikupita kukasaka madzulo. Mosiyana ndi amphaka ena, akambuku amakonda kusambira komanso kusambira. Madzulo amasaka ndikuukira kuchokera kwa obisalira. Pafupifupi, kuyesera kamodzi, khumi amayenda bwino.
Nthawi yomweyo amadula khosi ndi nyama yaying'ono, kenako amawunjika yayikulu, kenako ndikuphwanya kaphiriko ndi mano. Kuwona ndi kumva kumapangidwa bwino kuposa kumva kununkhira. Chida chachikulu chogwira ndi vibrissae. Zoyang'anira zilimba kwambiri: mlandu udalembedwa pomwe, pambuyo pa zilonda zakupha, wamphongo adatha kuyenda mtunda wina wamakilomita awiri. Amatha kudumpha mpaka mtunda wa 10 mita.
Ngakhale ndi kakang'ono kakang'ono, poyerekeza ndi anzawo, anthu amtunduwu amasiyana osati mwamphamvu zazikulu zokha, komanso kupirira. Amatha kuthana ndi mtunda wawukulu masana, pomwe akupanga liwiro la makilomita 70 pa ola limodzi. Amayenda m'misewu yakale yomwe idasiyidwa podula mitengo.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Indochinese Tiger
Amuna amakonda kukhala pawekha, pomwe akazi amakhala nthawi yayitali ndi ana awo. Munthu aliyense amakhala pa tsamba lake, kuziteteza mwachangu kwa akunja. Pamalo achimuna, zazikazi zingapo zimatha kukhalira limodzi. Amayika malire a katundu wawo ndi mkodzo, ndowe, ndikupanga makungwa a mitengo.
Mabungwewa amathandizira chaka chonse, koma nthawi yayikulu imagwera pa Novembala-Epulo. Kwenikweni, anyaniwa amasankha akambuku omwe amakhala m'malo oyandikana nawo. Ngati akazi angapo akusamalira wamkazi, kusamvana kumachitika pakati pawo. Pofotokoza zolinga za kukhwima, akambuku amalira mokweza, ndipo akazi amatenga mitengo ndi mkodzo.
Nthawi ya estrus, banjali limatha sabata yonseyo, likukwana mpaka 10 patsiku. Amagona ndikusaka limodzi. Yaikazi imapeza ndikukonzekeretsa chimbudzi pamalo osavutikira pomwe agalu awoneka posachedwa. Ngati matani adachitika ndi amuna angapo, zinyalala zimakhala ndi ana amuna kuchokera kwa abambo osiyanasiyana.
Mimba imatenga pafupifupi masiku 103, chifukwa cha omwe mpaka ana 7 amabadwa, koma nthawi zambiri 2-3. Wamkazi amatha kubereka kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Ana achichepere amabadwa ali akhungu ndi agonthi. Makutu ndi maso awo amatsegula pakapita masiku ochepa atabadwa, ndipo mano oyamba amayamba masabata awiri atabadwa.
Mano okhazikika amakula pofika chaka. Pazaka ziwiri zokha, mayiyo amayamba kudyetsa ana ndi nyama, koma osaleka kuwapatsa mkaka kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pafupifupi 35% ya ana amafa chaka choyamba cha moyo. Zomwe zimayambitsa izi ndi moto, kusefukira kwamadzi kapena ana.
Pazaka chimodzi ndi theka, ana ang'onoang'ono amayamba kusaka pawokha. Ena mwa iwo amachoka m'banjamo. Akazi amakhala ndi amayi awo nthawi yayitali kuposa abale awo. Kutha kubereka ana mwa akazi kumachitika mu zaka 3-4, mwa amuna mwa zaka 5. Chiyembekezo chamoyo chili pafupifupi zaka 14, ali mu ukapolo kufikira 25.
Adani achilengedwe a akambuku a ku Indochinese
Chithunzi: Indochinese Tiger
Chifukwa cha mphamvu komanso kupirira kwakukulu mwa akulu, palibe adani achilengedwe, kupatula munthu. Nyama zazing'ono zimatha kudwala ng'ona, singano za porcupine kapena zochokera kwa abambo awo, omwe amatha kupha ana kuti amayi awo ayambenso estrus ndikugonana naye kachiwiri.
Munthu ndiwangozi kwa amphaka amtchire, osati kokha chifukwa amangoononga nyama zawo, komanso chifukwa amadzipha zomwezo. Nthawi zambiri zowonongeka zimachitika mosazindikira - kapangidwe ka misewu ndi chitukuko chaulimi kumabweretsa magawidwe osiyanasiyana. Osawerengeka adawonongedwa ndi azitape kuti apindule.
Mankhwala achi China, ziwalo zonse za thupi la nyama yolusa ndizofunika kwambiri, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi mphamvu zochiritsa. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa mankhwala wamba. Chilichonse chimapangidwa ndikukhala mankhwala osokoneza bongo - kuchokera kumlomo wamphongo kupita kumchira, kuphatikizapo ziwalo zamkati.
Komabe, akambuku amatha kuyankha anthu mofananamo. Pofunafuna chakudya, amasamukira m'midzi momwe ziweto zimabedwa ndipo zimatha kuwukira anthu. Ku Thailand, mosiyana ndi South Asia, pali mikangano zochepa pakati pa anthu ndi amphaka amtambo. Mikangano yomwe yapangidwa posachedwapa mu 1976 ndi 1999. Poyamba, onse awiri adamwalira; chachiwiri, munthu amalandila zovulala zokha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Tizilombo ta Animal Indochinese
Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, kuyambira 1200 mpaka 1600 anthu amtunduwu adatsala padziko lapansi. Koma kuchuluka kwa chizindikiro chotsalazo kumawerengedwa kuti ndi kolondola kwambiri. Ku Vietnam kokha, akambuku oposa 3,000 ochokera ku Indochinese achotsedwa ntchito nthawi yonseyi ndi cholinga chogulitsa ziwalo zawo zamkati. Ku Malaysia, kuba mochenjera kumalangidwa kwambiri ndipo nkhokwe zomwe amakhala zimatetezedwa mosamala. Mwakutero, unyinji waukulu wa akambuku a ku Indochinese amakhala pano. M'madera ena, zinthu zimakhala zovutirapo.
Mu 2010, ku Cambodia, malinga ndi zida zowonera makanema, kunalibe anthu oposa 30, ku Laos - nyama pafupifupi 20. Ku Vietnam, analipo pafupifupi anthu 10. Ngakhale ziletso, asaka akupitiliza kuchita zawo mosaloledwa.
Chifukwa cha mapulogalamu oteteza akambuku a ku Indochinese, pofika chaka cha 2015, chiwerengero chonse chidakwera mpaka anthu 650, osawerengera malo osungira nyama. Akatswiri angapo anapulumuka kum'mwera kwa Yunnan. Mu 2009, anthu pafupifupi 20 adatsalira m'maboma a Xishuangbanna ndi Simao. Ku Vietnam, Laos kapena Burma, palibe anthu ambiri omwe analemba.
Zotsatira za kutayika kwa malo okhala chifukwa cha kudula mitengo, malo obzala mafuta a kanjedza, malo ogulika amapezeka, chakudya chikucheperachepera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kubereka kubereke, zomwe zimakwiyitsa umuna ndi kubereka.
Kuteteza akambuku a ku Indochinese
Chithunzi: Indochinese Tiger
Mitunduyi yalembedwa mu International Red Book ndi CITES Convention (Zowonjezera I) kuti ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Zinakhazikitsidwa kuti kuchuluka kwa akambuku a ku Indochinese amatsika msanga poyerekeza ndi ma subspecies ena, popeza sabata iliyonse munthu amwalira ndi nyama yozunza kuchokera m'manja mwa wolemba.
Pafupifupi anthu 60 ali kumalo osungira nyama. Paki yadzikoli ili kumadzulo kwa Thailand mumzinda wa Huai Khakhang, ndipo kuyambira 2004 pakhala pulogalamu yomwe ilipo kuti iwonjezere anthu ena amtunduwu. Dera lamapiri lamapiri kumtunda kwake ndilosayenera kuchitidwa ndi anthu, chifukwa chake malo osungidwawo sakhala anthu.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali chiopsezo chotenga matenda a malungo, motero pali asaka ochepa omwe akufuna kuchita izi m'malo mwake ndikupereka thanzi lawo chifukwa cha ndalama. Mikhalidwe yabwino imalola zilombo kuti zibereke momasuka, ndipo chitetezo chimawonjezera mwayi wopulumuka.
Pansi pa pakiyo, anthu pafupifupi 40 amakhala kuderali. Mbewuyi imawonekera chaka chilichonse ndipo pakadali pano pali amphaka oposa 60. Mothandizidwa ndi misampha ya kamera 100 yomwe ili pamalo osungiramo nyama, nyama zodyera zimayang'aniridwa, nyama zimalembedwa ndipo zidziwitso zatsopano zakhalapo. Malo osungidwa amatetezedwa ndi akatswiri ambiri.
Ofufuzawo ali ndi chiyembekezo chakuti anthu omwe satsoka chifukwa cha zoyipa zaanthu adzapulumuka mtsogolomo ndikukhalanso manambala. Kuthekera kwakukulu kopulumuka kwa anthu omwe gawo lawo lili pakati pa Myanmar ndi Thailand. Pafupifupi nkhandwe 250 zimakhalako. Tiger ochokera ku Central Vietnam ndi South Laos ali ndi mwayi wokwanira.
Chifukwa chakuchepa kwazinyama za nyamazi komanso zachinsinsi chawo, asayansi tsopano amatha kufufuza zamabukuwa ndikuwulula zatsopano zokhudza izi. Ng'ombe za ku Indochinese amalandila thandizo lalikulu kuchokera kwa odzipereka, omwe ali ndi phindu pakukhazikitsa njira zosungira kuti asunge ndikuwonjezera ma subspecies.
Kubalana ndi kusamalira ana
Nthawi yakukhwima nthawi zambiri imayamba mu Novembala ndipo imatha mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, koma imatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Ndikosavuta kuti chilombochi chizipeza mnzake m'nkhalango yowuma, chifukwa chake, abambo ndi akazi amafotokozera zolinga zawo ndi kubangula ndi mkodzo. Kulimba kumachitika pakati pa amuna.
Akazi amabweretsa ana awo oyambira azaka zitatu mpaka zinayi. Yaikazi imabereka kamodzi zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.
Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi mimbulu mu akambuku a Indochinese ndi miyezi itatu. Nyalugwe imakonzekeretsa phanga mu bango, m'miyala yamiyala, m'mapanga ang'ono, ndikukhomerera ubweya ndi udzu.
Zinyalala zimakhala ndi awiri, atatu, ma kittens anayi, kawirikawiri a zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi. Gawo lachitatu la zinyalala silikhala ndi chaka chimodzi. Kittens amatsegula maso awo sabata lachiwiri la moyo, adyetse mkaka wa amayi kwa miyezi isanu mpaka isanu ndi umodzi. Kuyambira miyezi iwiri, amalandiranso nyama. Pofika zaka ziwiri, ali okonzekera moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Ali ku ukapolo, akambuku a Indochinese amakhala zaka 26, kuthengo - mpaka zaka 14 - 15.
Khalidwe la Predator
Ng'ombe za ku Indochinese ndi nyama yolusa yomwe imasaka usiku kapena madzulo. Olanda abisalira, koma simungamuyitane mwayi, chifukwa amodzi mwa kuyesa khumi ndi omwe amakhala ogwira mtima. Amakonzekera kugona pansi mumthunzi masana. Samawopa madzi, m'malo mwake, amakonda kusambira masiku otentha.
Ng'ombe za ku Indochinese zimakhala ndi maso akuthwa komanso kumva kwambiri. Fungo liliposa. Vibrissas amagwira ntchito ngati chinyama chogwira. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya akambuku, Corbetta siziwoneka kuti siyokwera, koma nyama yamizeremizere ndiyolimba. Simungamuyimbire pang'onopang'ono, imatha kufulumira mpaka 70km / h. ndi kuyenda mtunda wautali patsiku. Kudumpha kwa munthu wokongola kumeneku ndi mita 10.
Monga tanenera kale, kambuku wa ku Indochinese amakhala yekha. Akazi amangokakamizidwa kuthera nthawi yayitali m'miyoyo yawo akulera ana. Amuna satenga nawo mbali pa izi. Chilichonse cholusa chimakhala ndi gawo lake, malire omwe amalembera ndi mitengo komanso mkodzo. Wamphongo amakhala m'malo akuluakulu kuposa wamkazi. Katundu wake ali ndi gawo la akazi. Chilombo chilichonse chimateteza mwankhanza "kunyumba" yake, kupewa kuti akambwe ena agwere m'bomalo.
Wodya nyama yamizeremizere amakonda kuzungulira chuma chake m'njira zosiyidwa, zokhala ndi mitengo ing'onoing'ono ndi tchire lomwe anthu adaika nthawi yokolola mtengowo.
Nyengo yakukhwima
Nthawi yakukhwima itayamba, amuna amakwatirana ndi azimayi oyandikana nawo, omwe katundu wawo amasemphana ndi katundu wa nyalugwe. Palibe tsiku lenileni lomwe matenga a nkhanuzi amadyera; kuswana kumachitika chaka chonse, komabe, nthawi yozizira ndi nthawi yomwe amakonda masewera okwanira a amuna owongoka.
Nyama zoterezi zimawerengedwa ngati zokhwima kuyambira wazaka 3-5, "atsikana" kale. Matigari akayamba kupindika, amaika malire a katundu wake ndi mkodzo. Mwanjira imeneyi, anansi achimuna adzadziwa nthawi yomweyo kuti wakonzekera nyengo yakukhwima. Ngati wamkazi amakonda ma boti angapo nthawi imodzi, ndiye kuti, kuti akwaniritse malo osankhidwa, akonzeke ndewu. Mkazi m'modzi amatha kukwatiwa ndi amuna angapo, ana ake amphongo adzachokera kwa abambo osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yakukhwima imatha pafupifupi masiku 6-8. Nthawi yonseyi, wamwamuna ndi wamkazi amakhala limodzi, kusaka limodzi ndi kugona limodzi, kuswana nthawi zingapo masana.
Progeny
Yaikazi imabereka kamodzi pachaka ziwiri. M'mimba mwake mumakhala ndi ana amphongo pafupifupi masiku 96 mpaka 113. Pa nthawi ya pakati, chiwonetserochi chimasamalira malo otetezeka, osagwera, ndipo kubadwa kwa mwana kumachitika.
Mu litala limodzi pali ana amphaka 2-3 osathandiza. Ng'ombe zimabadwa osamva komanso khungu. Ndizachisoni kunena kuti 35% ya ana amwalira, osatanthauza chaka chawo choyamba cha moyo.
Pafupifupi masiku 7 atabadwa, makanda amwala ayamba kuwona. Miyezi (mkaka) imayamba kukula pofika zaka ziwiri zokha, mapindikidwe osatha amakula pofika chaka. Kuchepetsa kwa yoyamwitsa kumatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, koma pakatha miyezi iwiri ana atayamba kulawa nyama.
Kuyambira ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, mayiyo amayamba kuphunzitsa achichepere kusaka nyama yaying'ono. Ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu, akambuku ang'onoang'ono amayenda ndi agogo - amayi pa kusaka. Izi zikuchitika mpaka atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Pakadali pano, "anyamata" amachoka kudzenje lawo ndikulowa moyo wazoyimira pawokha. "Atsikana" amakhala ndi kholo lawo motalikirapo (miyezi 20-28).