Ubweya nthawi zonse wakhala chiphaso chokongola kwambiri kwa asodzi. Imatha kugwidwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana pachaka, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti usodzi wa bream ukhale wosangalatsa kwambiri. Palibe chifukwa chofotokozera za kukoma kwa nyama yankhanira.

Mwa ma cyprinid onse, ndiye okoma kwambiri. Ndipo nsomba yokazinga kapena yophika ilibe nsomba zonse zam'madzi abwino.

Kufotokozera

Choyimira ndicho nsomba yokhayo ya mtundu wa bream kuchokera ku banja la carp. Chobiracho chimakhala ndi thupi lokwera, pambuyo pake chothinikizidwa, chokhala ndi masikelo yaying'ono, chokhala ndi mphindikati wautali, momwe kuyambira 24 mpaka 30 nthambi zowala.

Caudal kumaliza ndi lobe wotsikirapo. Mutu ndi maso a bream ndizochepa, pakamwa pamatha kuzimiririka. Mtundu wa khungu ndi imvi yakuda, mbali yamkatiyo ndiyopepuka, zipsepse zimachita imvi, pomwe ziphuphu, ma patral, ndi ziphuphu za ma anal nthawi zina zimakhala ndi tint yofiirira.

Mtundu ungasinthe malinga ndi malo okhala, ndi zaka zimayamba kuda.

Mtundu wa bream umatengera mawonekedwe a zotsalazo: ena - m'mbali mwa mthunzi wake wakuda bii, mwa ena - silvery-chikasu. Zipsepse ndi imvi zakuda, zipsepse za dorsal ndizifupi komanso zazitali, ndipo zipsepse za pre-caudal ndizitali komanso zazifupi.

Palibe nsomba imodzi yamadzi yatsopano yomwe ili ndi thupi lalitali chonchi. Ma husters okha ndi ena oyera maso ali ofanana ndi iye, koma samafika pazambiri zolemetsa.

Kirimu - pansi nsomba. Amadya makamaka ndi mphutsi zamadzi zosiyanasiyana, mitundu yonse ya crustaceans, koma makamaka pamimba yamagazi, ndipo sichimadana ndi mphukira zazing'ono zamchere.

Kapangidwe kamkamwa mwa pumbwa kumamupangitsa kuti azikoka milomo yake mu chubu masentimita angapo. Izi zimamupatsa mwayi wopeza chakudya kuchokera pachiwonetsero chakuya masentimita 5 mpaka 6. Kutambasulira milomo yake, amatulutsa kamwa, kenako ndikuponyera mumtsinjewo ndi mtsinje wolimba, ndikuwusambitsa, kenako ndikunyamula mphutsi kuchokera pamatope.

Kugawa komanso malo okhala

Bwatoli limakhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja za Baltic, Black, Caspian ndi North. Imapezeka kunyanja zambiri za Karelia, North-West komanso ku Europe ku Russia. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka matupi amadzi a mayiko a CIS.

M'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Urals ndi Western Siberia, mabanja osudzulana. Imapezeka ku Iset ndi Tobol. Samapewa madzi am'nyanja.

Kumpoto, bwaloli limafikira pansi pa Nyanja Yoyera komanso kum'mawa kwa Nyanja ya Barents (Mtsinje wa Pechora), limayatsidwa m'madzi a Siberia (Lake Ubinskoe, River Ob), Kazakhstan (Lake Balkhash ndi ena).

Bwatoli limakonda madzi ofunda omwe amakhala ndi dothi lamchenga komanso dongo motero limadziwika m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'madziwe. M'malo otsika a Dnieper, Don, Volga komanso kumpoto kwa Aral Sea, bwaloli limapanga mitundu iwiri - yogona komanso theka-kanjira.

Mitundu yolowa pansi imadya kunyanja, ndipo potuluka imakwera. Zoweta za Don ndi Aral ndizambiri. Mu Delar Nyanja Delta pali fomu yachitatu - bream yaying'ono, ilinso ku Ili River Delta.

Bambowo nthawi zambiri limasonkhana pagulu lalikulu. Amakonda malo okhala ndi magetsi ofooka, amaimilira m'maenje akuya, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, malo ochapira kufupi ndi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, pafupi ndi mabowo kapena miyala yotchingira miyala.

Makamaka nsomba zochuluka zimasonkhana pamwamba pa madamu ndi madamu. Malo awa amakopa kuzizira chifukwa chosayenda mafunde olimba, kuya kokwanira komanso kutulutsa kwa nkhono, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi madamu. Bwaloli limakonda dongo lomwe lakutidwa ndi silt.

M'madziwe, m'madziwe ndi m'malo osungira madzi amasungidwa kutali ndi gombe. Phula laling'ono limapezekanso m'matumba amadzi.

Choyambiriracho chimasonyezeranso kukwiya pamalo ake opakira, akusewera pamadzi m'mawa ndi madzulo. Kusewera kwake ndi khalidwe. Chophimbira chopanda phokoso ndi chobowoleza chimawonetsa kumaliza kwake, ndikuwonetsa poyera kuti ndi madzi, ndipo, ngati kugwa, ndikupita pansi, ndikusiya bwalo losinthika pamwamba.

Amasewera nthawi zambiri pamtunda wokhazikika. Pafupi ndi "kusungunuka" kuyenera kudyetsedwa ndikugwidwa. Ngati bizinesi ikusewera, zitatha izi zimachitika bwino.

Mvula ikadzaza, chilimwe, pofunafuna chakudya, chimayandikira m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Amadyetsa kwambiri usiku, kuchoka ku maenje osaya.

Zaka komanso kukula

Mafuta amakula msanga. Kutalika kwa mphodza zomwe zakhala zaka 10 mpaka 13 zikufika pa 75 cm, kulemera kwa 8 kg kapena kupitilira apo. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zolemera 1.5 - 2,5 makilogalamu amagwidwa pa ndodo iliyonse. Mbale zazing'ono zomwe zimatchedwa scammers.

Madera akumwera amakula msanga, kufikira kutha msinkhu zaka 3-4, ndipo kutalika kwake kukhala pafupifupi 25. M'madzi am'mphepete mwa kumpoto ndi malo osungirako amayamba kukhwima pakugonana zaka 5-8, kutalika kwake ndi 30 cm kapena kupitirira, bango limapsa m'zaka 3, kukhala kutalika 12-15 cm.

Khalidwe labwino

Kirimu ndi nsomba yayikulu komanso yophunzirira yomwe ili yofunika kwambiri malonda. Nyama zikuluzikulu kwambiri zimakhala m'madzi ndi m'malo osungira, m'mitsinje sichifika mpaka makilogalamu anayi. Imadyera pano mozama kwambiri pansi, yokutidwa ndi siltali komanso zopanda mchere wa algae.

Chiyambireni chophuka cha bream chimagwirizana ndi kutuluka kwa masamba a msondodzi, nthawi zina ndi maluwa ake, ndikutha ndi maluwa. Pambuyo pofalikira, amadya malo omwe amawaza, nthawi zambiri amadya pike ndi percaviar.

Kutulutsa ubweya kumayambira kutentha kwa 12-16 ° C, kumapeto kwa Epulo - mu Meyi kumwera, kumapeto kwa Meyi - mu June kumpoto.

Njira yodziwika bwino yochokera kunyanja imadzuka ndikuyenda m'mitsinje ndikuyika mazira pamadzi osefukira omwe adasefukira pa madzi omwe amatchedwa ngongole ku Don, mabowo ku Volga.

Mbidzi zachimuna zimacha kale kuposa zazikazi, komanso nsomba zazing'ono m'malo otulutsa, monga lamulo, amuna, kuphatikiza apo, zimasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi "totupa la ngale" pamutu ndi mbali za thupi.

Kutumphuka kwa phulusa kumachitika ndi maphokoso, nthawi zambiri m'mamawa m'madzi osaya pakati pamitengo yamadzi kapena madzi osefukira kumene. Kufufuma kumatuluka m'madzi ndikutsika kulowa m'madzi, kumveka phokoso lotambalala kumveka patali kwambiri.

Kulumphira m'madzi ("mzere wa nsomba" kapena "la-skanje") chinali chifukwa cha dzina la nsomba "bream" kapena "lash" (ndi ku Slovakia - "Splashing"). Kutulutsa kumayambira ndikutha limodzi, nthawi zambiri kumakhala tsiku limodzi, kuyambira m'mawa mpaka masana.

M'mphepete mwa Baltic, Caspian, Azov, Nyanja zakuda, mapiri amoyo ndi osunthika amatulutsa nthawi yomweyo, kuyamwa kwa Nyanja ya Aral kudera lakale la Farhad kumapezeka.

Akazi amamera, pafupifupi, mazira 100-150 okhala pachomera. M'madambo ndi m'madzi osungira ana, maiwe ang'onoang'ono abwinobwino, oyambira, mwina oyandama, amasungidwa.

M'madzi ambiri mumapezeka njira zingapo za ubweya wambiri kuti utume. Kupanga kosiyana kwa njira zosiyanasiyana kumatha kukhala ndi mayina apadera omwe akuwonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa nthawi yomwe bream imayandikira kuti ichitike ndi zochitika, mwachitsanzo, mtengo wa oak-bream umayamba kutulutsa chonde.

Pakatha masiku 3-6, mphutsi zimaswa.

M'malo opanda nyanja kum'mwera kwa nyanja, zovalazo zimadyera ma crustaceans: mysids, cumaceans, ndi zakudya za bream Nyanja ya Azov, kuphatikiza apo, polychaeta ndi yofunika kwambiri. Chakudya cha bream mu Nyanja ya Aral ndi amphipods, mphutsi za chironomid, ma mollusks.

M'madziwe, nyamayi imadyera mphutsi za chironomids, ntchentche za caddis ndi tizilombo tina, nandolo zauve. M'madziwe ndi m'malo osungira, nthawi zophatikizidwa za ubweya zimakhala pafupi ndi nsomba zina, chifukwa chake ma hybrids nthawi zambiri amapezeka.

Kuchuluka kwa zotumphukira m'malo osiyanasiyana osungira kumasiyana kwambiri ndipo zimadalira makamaka pakuphuka. Mkhalidwe wabwino pakuwombera kwa nyama zam'madzi kum'mwera kwa nyanja ndi kusefukira kwamadzi.

Pambuyo pakuyang'anira mitsinje ya kum'mwera kwa nyanja, madera ozungulira zipatsozo adachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Pofuna kusungitsa mitengo yankhokwe mopitilira muyeso, mafamu omwe amalima zipatso atapangidwa, ntchito ikuchitika kuti apulumutse ana ku malo osungira osaya mtsinje.

M'malo osungira, mibadwo yambiri ya akazi imawoneka m'nthawi yonyowa. Kuonetsetsa kuti zikufalikira m'malo osungirako, malo oyandama omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kulanda chinyengo

Kuluma kwamalimwe kumayamba masiku 10-15 atatulutsa ndipo ndikwabwino ngati kufalikira kunali kosangalatsa, popanda kusokonezedwa. Kubble uku sikutha nthawi yayitali, kumatha milungu iwiri.

Zikuwoneka kuti buluyu akusinthira kuzakudya zomwe sizimapeza zipatso zoyenera. Zikuwoneka kuti amadya algae, kupewa zakudya zina nthawi yonseyo mpaka kuyamba kwa mutu wa rye, pomwe chikopa chake chikuyambiranso kukhala chokhazikika mpaka chiyambi cha kutulutsa masamba.

Kuluma kwanyimbo nthawi zambiri kumawonedwa kumapeto kwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe komanso kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, koma asodzi odziwa zambiri adazindikira kuti nsomba zamtunduwu zimakulanso kumayambiriro kwamasika.

Ngakhale ndi gawo la banja la okhalamo opanga kutentha, kuwedza pamenepo nthawi zina kumayamba pakati pa madzi oundana pakati kapena kumapeto kwa Epulo, pomwe kutentha kwampweya kumachitika pafupifupi madigiri 8-12.

Pakadali pano, samapereka machitidwe ake, palibe mafunde kapena mayendedwe ena pamadzi.

Zipangizo zophera nsomba za usodzi

Pakusodza masika, ndodo yonyamula ndiyabwino kwambiri. Timasankha ndodo yodziwika ndi kutalika kwa 4-5 metres, chingwe cha usodzi chitha kutengedwa osati chocheperako, popeza madzi akadali matope, m'mimba mwake mwamtsinje ndi 0,16-0.20 mm. Ndikofunika kuti muzitola zoyambira kusambira, molemera kuposa magalamu atatu.

Kulanda chinyengo

Kuti usodzi wopambana azisamba, msodzi ayenera kudziwa zizolowezi zake, kudya zizolowezi zosiyanasiyana nyengo ya chaka, malo okhala. Amagwira m'midzi yolemekezeka, yosankhidwa kuyambira kumayambiriro kwamasika. Akhala chete mwakachetechete, kudzipanga okha.

Kuluma kwa phula pa ndodo yosodza ndikosiyana ndi kulumidwa ndi nsomba zina, ndipo koposa zonse, chifukwa, monga asodzi akunenera, iye amayamba kukweza pansi ndikuyiyika pamadzi. Izi zimachitika munthawi yomwe, atatenga khungubwe kuchokera pansi, nyamayo imakweza ndikuyamba kuyiyamwa, kenako ndikupita kumbali.

Mukayika pansi kapena kuyiyika kuzama, muyenera kusesa. Ndikofunikira kubowolera moboayo, ngakhale kuti sakusesa, koma mwamphamvu: milomo yake ndi yolimba, yowuma.

Nthawi yoyamba kugwira phampu yayikulu, zikuwoneka kuti mbedza idakodwa mumtsinje, koma posakhalitsa nyamayo, pambuyo pouma pang'ono, imapita kugombe popanda kukana, kuwuka kuchokera kumadzi, kutenga mpweya, sikukutsutsana nawo.

Ndikwabwino kutulutsanso kachakudya ndi woyamwa kapena mbedza, msanga, kufikira atazindikira.

Koma kuti mugwire bream, muyenera kumudyetsa. Nyambo yabwino kwambiri yotsekera ndi mphutsi zazing'ono, mazira atsopano a nyerere ndi keke ya hemp, komanso chakudya chamafuta. Nyambo iyenera kuyikidwa masiku awiri kapena atatu isodzi.

Pakusodza kwakanthawi kuchokera m'boti, pamtengo, chakudya chachikulu chimayikidwa m'madzi mu kolob kapena m'malo odyetserako kutali ndi mamita 3-4 kuchokera m'bwatolo, ndipo m'malo ocheperako, amawonjezeranso nsomba panthawi yomwe akusodza.

Kudyetsa nyama sikuyenera kukhala mopitirira muyeso, mutatha kudya phala, nandolo kapena mafuta amkati, amasiya kukhala ndi chidwi ndi zokonda kwambiri ndikulowa mdzenje lake.

Choyambachi chimagona malo usiku ndikuyandikira nyambo kangapo patsiku. Pausiku wowala mwezi, ubweya ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zingwe zowoneka pamadzi. Usiku, bream nthawi zambiri imagwidwa pansi.

Nthawi yogwira bream masana imatengera mikhalidwe yambiri. Zodziwika ndi zomwe asodziwo amangodziwitse zomwe zimamuwuza nthawi yomwe chakudyacho chiziwonekera kuchakudyacho komanso nthawi yanji kuti akapite kukawedza.

Nyengo yabwino kwambiri yophera nsomba zamadzimadzi ndi masiku ofunda ndi pang'ono kum'mwera chakumadzulo kapena kumwera. Mvula yofunda, yopitilira siziwononga nsomba. Nyengo isanakhale yoipa komanso chifukwa cha mphepo yozizira kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa, bwaloli limakhala lopanda chakudya.

Pali njira zingapo zodziwirira kupangira ubweya wotentha chilimwe: ndodo yonyamula chilimwe, mormyshka, waya, ndi donka. Kuti ndigwire bream, ndodo iyenera kukhala yayitali, yosinthika komanso yolimba: ma angler nthawi zambiri imapaka utoto wobiriwira.

Amatenga ndodo yayitali kuti aponyere phokosoli mopitirira, popeza buluyo ndiwosamala kwambiri ndipo siabwino pamalo osaya pafupi ndi gombe kapena bwato.

Chingwe chomenyera ndi mainchesi a 0,2 - 0,3 mamililidwe kuti ajambulitse utoto wa dothi. Zoyandama zimatenga gawo lalitali, makamaka kuchokera ku nthenga za tsekwe.

Cholemera pamzere wa asodzi kuti chikhazikitsidwa chimayikidwa masentimita atatu kuchokera ku mbedza, popeza pomwe kulemera kuli kutali ndi mbedza, kuluma kwa bumbayo sikutha kuzindikira. Hook nambala 7 - 8.5, yakuthwa.

Ndikupempha aliyense kuti alankhule Ndemanga. Ndimalandila ndikulandila kutsutsidwa ndikusinthana kwa zochitika. M'mawu abwino ndimasunga ulalo watsamba la wolemba!

Ndipo musaiwale, chonde, dinani mabatani omwe ali pamasamba ochezera, omwe ali pansi pa zilembo patsamba lililonse la tsambalo.
Kupitiliza apa ...

Mawonekedwe

Thupi ndilokwera, kutalika kwakukulu kuli pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa thupi. Mutu ndi pakamwa ndizochepa. Pakamwa pake pamatha ndi chubu chomwe chimatha kutalika. Dorsal fin ndi yayitali komanso yifupi yokhala ndi mitsitsi itatu yolimba, yosakhazikika komanso 8-10 8-10 yofewa. Ma anal anal amakhala atali ndi malaya atatu olimba ndi a 22- 29, kuyambira kupitirira kumbuyo kwamphepete kwakumapeto kwa maziko a dorsal fin. Pakati pa zipsepere zam'mimba ndi ma anal anal pali keel wosadziwika. Mano a Pharyngeal ndi mzere umodzi, asanu mbali iliyonse.

Mphesa yayikulu imakhala ndi imvi kapena bulauni, mbali zofiirira, m'mimba zachikasu, ziphuphu zonse nthawi zambiri zimachita imvi. Achinyamata ali ndi siliva.

Kutalika kwambiri kwa thupi ndi 82 cm, misa ndi 6 kg, ndipo kutalika kwa moyo ndi zaka 23.

Moyo

Choyambacho chimasungidwa m'magulu, makamaka m'malo ozama kwambiri ndi zomera. Wochenjera komanso wanzeru.

Kapangidwe kam kamwa kamakhala koyenera kupeza chakudya mumtundu wofewa. Mabuu amadyetsa zooplankton. Fryu, itafika kutalika kwa 30 mm, imasinthira pakudya pa benthos. Amadyetsa mphutsi za tiziromboti, chimangu chimasesa, zipolopolo ndi nkhono. Ikhozanso kudya algae.

Kirimu amatha kusonkhana pagulu lalikulu, makamaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja yayikulu kapena mafunde amphamvu. Makamu oterowo amayeretsa zigawo za pansi pa malo osungira popanda chofufumira ndikupita patsogolo mwamphamvu, ndikusiya "misewu" yoyesedwa. Kusuntha koteroko ndikosavuta kuzindikira ndikutulutsa kwina komwe kumatulukidwa pomwe paketi ya bream "ikuwombera" gawo lina pansi.

Zima mozizira m'malo ozama. Kukhala pakamwa pa Volga pang'ono nyengo yozizira munyanja, gawo lina amalowa mumtsinje.

Kuswana

Choyambacho chimafika pa kutha msinkhu wazaka zitatu mpaka 4. Kutulutsa kumachitika nthawi zambiri pamipanda ya udzu, m'malo osaya, ndipo kumachitika ndi mkokomo waukulu. Wamphongo panthawiyi pa thupi amapanga ma tubercles angapo ang'onoang'ono, oyera, kenako obiriwira wachikaso. Nthawi yofalikira pakati komanso kumpoto kwa Russia sinali kale kuposa masiku oyamba a Meyi, kumwera kuyambira pakati pa Epulo. Njira yotsogola kupita ku Volga kuchokera kunyanja imayamba mu Okutobala pansi pa ayezi, ndipo mapangidwe ake ndi ozungulira pakati pa Epulo. Chonde ndichaka mazira 92 mpaka 338. Kutentha kwenikweni kwa kupanguluka kumakhala pafupifupi 21 ° C. Pakutulutsa, amuna amapanga magawo omwe akazi amatulutsa. Mbedza mwachangu patatha masiku atatu mpaka 12 ndipo zimaphatikizidwa ndi zomera zam'madzi zokhala ndi chinsinsi chapadera. Amapitilira mpaka yolk itagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kugawa

Bwatoli limapezeka ku Central ndi Northern Europe kumapeto kwa North, Baltic, Caspian, Black and Azov Seas), komwe kumadziwika ku Siberia m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Ob, Irtysh ndi Yenisei. Mu 1930s, adayambitsidwa ku Trans-Ural Lakes. Muli Nyanja ya Aral, mu Nyanja ya Balkhash ndi m'munsi mwa Syr Darya. Kumpoto Kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa gawo la USSR yakale sichoncho. Ku Northern Dvina, siyambiri komanso mwina idafikira pano kudzera munjira ya Volga. Ku Transcaucasia, imapezeka m'malo ochepa okha (pafupi ndi Lankaran ndi Lake Paleostomi, komanso malo osungirako Mingachevir). Imakhala m'madziwe, m'madziwe, mitsinje, madzi osungira madzi amchere a Caspian, Aral ndi Azov.

Mtengo wosodza

Mitundu yamalonda yamtengo wapatali. Kugwira padziko lonse lapansi kunakwana matani 62,9,000 mu 1999. Kugwira kwakukulu kwambiri ku USSR kumapeto kwa 1930s kunali matani zikwi zana limodzi, ndipo kumapeto kwa zaka zam'ma 1990, kugwidwa kowetedwa kunasiyana matani 25 mpaka 32,000.Usodzi waukulu m'mitsinje ndi m'madzi amachitidwa ndi ma seines ndi miyeso, ndipo mnyanja ndimasanja okhazikika ndi maukonde okhazikika.

Wogulitsidwa mu mawonekedwe owuma, osuta, atsopano ndi ayisikilimu. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga zakudya zam'chitini.

Nsomba zodziwika bwino ndi zamtundu wina

Mkaka - Ichi ndi chiphaso cholandiridwa kwa asodzi onse, chimakhala malo olemekezeka mumasewera onse ndi asodzi. Kukula kwakulu kwa anthu payekha komanso kuthekera kochita kusamba chaka chonse kumapangitsa kusodza kukhala kosangalatsa kwambiri. Ngati m'chigawo chapakati cha dzikolo mtundu uwu wa nsomba umatchedwa kuti bream, ndiye kuti kumadera akumwera kwa Russia amadziwika kuti kilka kapena chebaki. Nyama yophika imasiyanitsidwa ndi kufewetsa kwake, kukoma kwake, zofukiza, mafuta ochulukirapo ndipo imakhala malo oyenera kuphika.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Mbale ndi mtundu wodziimira okha, woimira yekhayo wapadera kuchokera kubanja lalikulu la cyprinids. Choyambachi ndi cha nsomba zowala, zakale zakale zomwe zimakhala nthawi yachitatu ya Paleozoic, ndipo izi ndi zaka pafupifupi mamiliyoni 400 zapitazo.

Kanema: Bweya

Ngakhale mtunduwo ndi wodziwika bwino, akatswiri a mitundu yodziwika bwino amati mitundu 16 ya nsomba imapezeka mwanjira imeneyi, koma mitundu itatu yokha ya nyama ndiyomwe idatsala lero:

Onsewo amasiyana wina ndi mnzake mu kukula kwawo. Ngakhale kuti bwaloli ndi nyama yolandilidwa ndi asodzi onse, ambiri mwa iwo molakwika amatenga mtundu wankhandawu ngati nsomba ina ndipo mpaka adawupatsa dzina - scam. Izi ndichifukwa choti kukula kwachichepere kumawoneka kosiyana pang'ono ndi akuluakulu. Mu ichthyology, mawu ngati scammer kulibe. Nthawi zambiri, asodzi osadziwa zambiri amasokoneza mbambo zazing'ono zomwe zimapangidwanso, zomwe zimachokera ku banja la ma cyprinid ndipo zimasiyana pang'ono pokha kuchokera ku chisa.

Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Anthu ena amaganiza kuti bwaloli ndi lopondera kwambiri ndipo lili ndi nyama youma, koma izi zimangogwira ntchito kwa nyama zazing'ono, ndipo nyama yachikulire imawerengedwa pafupifupi mafuta ngati beluga ndipo imatha kukhala ndi pafupifupi 9 peresenti yamafuta athanzi.

Kodi nyamayo imakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Bream ku Russia

Nsomba zamtunduwu zimakhala zochuluka m'mitsinje, nyanja, zitsulo zamchenga kapena pansi. Malo awo achilengedwe amakhala ndi zigawo za Black, Caspian, Azov, Baltic, Aral, Barents ndi White Seas.

Pakamlomo pa mitsinje yayikulu-yoyenda yomwe imayenda m'madzi awa, mawonekedwe amtundu wamkati amakhala m'mitsinje posambira. M'mitsinje yayitali, nyanja za Caucasus, sizichitika, komanso kumayiko akumwera a CIS. Kirimu ndi nsomba wamba ku North ndi Central Europe, North Asia, ndi North America.

Choyambachi chimakonda kukhala m'madzimo amadzi momwe mulibe chofowoka kapena sichikhala konse. Imakhala yofala kwambiri m'madzi, mabowo akuya. Akuluakulu samakonda kuyandikira kufupi ndi gombe, amakhala kutali ndi gombe. Achinyamata amakonda madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komwe amabisala m'nkhokwe za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Zimauluka mozizira m'mabowo akuya, ndipo mitundu ina imachokera ku mitsinje kupita kunyanja.

Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Usodzi wowoneka bwino ndizotheka pachaka chonse, kupatula nthawi yongotulutsa. Amadzipeza m'madzi otseguka nthawi yachisanu komanso kuchokera kumadzi oundana m'miyezi yachisanu. Zhor imayamba kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June ndipo imatha mpaka pakati pa chilimwe, kenako imayambanso pofika Seputembala. Munthawi ya zhora, zolembera zam'madzi nthawi iliyonse masana.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nsomba zamkaka zimapezeka. Tiwone zomwe amadya.

Kodi chakumwa chimadyanji?

Chophimbacho chimatha kudyetsa mwachindunji kuchokera pansi pake posungira chifukwa cha kamwa yake yapadera. Anthu akuluakulu amapukuta matope kapena mchenga pofunafuna chakudya, ndipo kwakanthawi kochepa, magulu akuluakulu amalemu amatha kuchotsa madera ofunikira pansi. Kuyenda kwa bream panthawi yodyetsa kumapereka thovu lambiri la mpweya kutuluka pamwamba kuchokera pansi.

Popeza nsomba iyi imakhala ndi mano ofooka a pharyngeal, zakudya zomwe zimakhalapo nthawi zonse ndi izi: zipolopolo, algae, invertebrates yaying'ono, magazi am'mimba, nkhono ndi mphutsi za mitundu ina ya nsomba. Mukamadyetsa, amamuyamwa madzi pamodzi ndi chakudya, chomwe chimachedwetsedwa mothandizidwa ndi kutuluka kwapadera. Njira yapadera yodyetserayi inalola woimira banja la cyprinid kukhala mitundu yotchuka kwambiri m'chilengedwe ndipo m'malo mwake zimaswaniratu kuswana, kubzala ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba zam'mitsinje.

M'nyengo yozizira, makamaka theka lachiberekero, mbewuyo simagwira, imakonda kudya komanso mosakhalitsa. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mpweya komanso kutentha kwa madzi ochepa, komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya wosiyanasiyana pansi pa ayezi, womwe umasungunuka pang'ono m'madzi.

Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Mafuta akuluakulu, omwe amakhala zaka 10 mpaka 10, amatha kulemera kuposa makilogalamu 8 ndi kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi masentimita 75. M'madzi ofunda, kukula kwake ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa madzi ozizira. Amadziwika kuti anthu omwe amakhala m'mitsinje salemera kwambiri.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Bira m'madzi

Kirimu ndi nsomba yansangala yomwe imasonkhana m'magulu akulu. Pamutu pa gulu nthawi zonse pamakhala anthu akuluakulu akuluakulu omwe amayang'anira kayendedwe. M'nyengo yotentha, nsomba zam'malo zimapezeka m'malo opanda mafunde kapena madzi osasunthika ndipo zimadyetsa pafupipafupi. Popeza kuti bamu ndi cholengedwa chamanyazi komanso chosamala kwambiri, nthawi yake imadzaza masana, usiku anthu ambiri amathamangira kukafunafuna chakudya, ndipo ndi nthawi ino yomwe amati ndi yabwino kwambiri kusodza

Amakhala nthawi yayitali yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira mu maenje a "nyengo yachisanu", pomwe madzi oundana ayamba kusungunuka, thovu limapita kumalo komwe limadyetsera. Choyambacho nthawi zonse chimakhala m'malo awo achisanu munjira yoyenera. Onse akuluakulu amakhala m'malo ozama kwambiri, zoyerekezera zazing'ono zimakhala zapamwamba ndipo nthawi yomweyo nsomba zimawoneka kuti sizingakonzedwe.

Ichthyologists amakhulupirira kuti bungwe lapadera la nyengo yachisanu silinasankhidwe mwangozi. Ndi dongosolo lamtunduwu, njira za metabolic zomwe zimapangidwa mu nsomba zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kuposa nthawi yozizira yokha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu ndi mphamvu zimapulumutsidwa.

Amadziwika kuti mitundu yokhazikika ya bream yomwe singasamuke kumadzi ena kuti ikatulutse kapena kudyetsa imatha kukhala ndi zaka 30. Fomu yabwinobwino imakhala ndi nthawi yowirikiza kawiri.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Bira m'madzi

Kutengera nyengo, nyengo zakumwa zimasunthika nthawi zosiyanasiyana. M'malo otentha ali ndi zaka 3-5, m'madzi ozizira, kutha msambo kumachitika zaka 6 mpaka 6. Nyengo zimakhudzanso kuyamba kwa zipatso: m'chigawo chapakati cha dzikolo, kufalikira kwa masamba kumayambira kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, nthawi zina mu Juni, kumwera kwa Epulo, ndipo kumpoto pofika Julayi.

Ikayamba nthawi yayitali, anyani amphongo amasintha mtundu kukhala wamdima, ndipo ziphuphu zina zomwe zimawoneka ngati zazing'ono zazing'ono zimawonekera pamitu yawo. Gulu la abamu limagawika m'magulu osiyanasiyana malinga ndi zaka. Gulu lonse silimangochokera kuti lizingoluka, koma m'magulu. Iliyonse yamasamba kuyambira masiku atatu mpaka 5, kutengera nyengo. Pakuchepa kwa malo, malo osaya okhala ndi masamba ambiri amasankhidwa. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira mawonekedwe owaza - mawonekedwe awo osalala, opindika nthawi ndi nthawi amawonekera pamadzi. Mosasamala kanthu za malo omwe amakhalamo ndi nyengo, kupendekera kumatha pafupifupi mwezi.

Munthu m'modzi wamkulu amatha kuyikira mazira 150,000 nthawi. Zachikazi zimamangirira chikasu chachikasu kumtchire, ndipo zomwe sizingakhale zomata zimayandama pansi ndipo zimadyedwa ndi nsomba. Pakatha masiku 6-8, mphutsi zimawonekera, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi kale. Ngati kutentha kumatsikira madigiri 10, ndiye kuti mazira ambiri amatha kufa.

Poyamba, mwachangu amasambira ndi nsomba zazing'ono zamtundu limodzi ndi nsomba zazing'ono, ndipo kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kugwa amatsika m'masukulu akulu. Amakhala akusakasaka chakudya ndipo miyezi ingapo amakula mpaka masentimita khumi. M'malo ochepa, amakhala mpaka kumapeto, ndipo achikulire akamaliza ntchito yofunika kupita kumapeto ndipo atadwala, ayambiranso kudyetsa.

Adani achilengedwe achibadwa

Bryry mwachangu amatha kupulumuka kumayambiriro kwa kayendedwe ka moyo wawo poyerekeza ndi nsomba zazing'ono zamtundu wina wa nsomba, chifukwa amadziwika ndi kukula kwakukulu komanso mitengo ya chitukuko. Ndi mchaka choyamba kapena ziwiri pambuyo pobadwa pomwe achinyamata amakhala pachiwopsezo chambiri ndipo amatha kudya ndi omwe amadyedwa ndi ambiri, monga ma pikes. Pofika zaka zitatu, sikuopsezedwa ndi chilichonse, koma nsomba zamtchire kapena anthu otchuka okhala pansi amauluka kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza pa nsomba zina zomwe zimadya nyama zamtunduwu, mitunduyi yapadera imasokonezedwa ndi mitundu ina ya majeremusi, omwe amakhala ndi nyama zambiri zamkati. Amalowa m'madzi limodzi ndi ndowe za mbalame zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimadya nsomba, kenako, limodzi ndi chakudya, zimadzipeza mkati mwa bream. Kukula m'matumbo a nsomba, majeremusi amatha kupha ngakhale akuluakulu akuluakulu.

Nsomba zimavutika makamaka ndi iwo m'miyezi ya chilimwe, madzi akamasungidwa ndi dzuwa. Oopsa kwambiri ndi owononga mchere komanso matenda am'mimba a m'matumbo - bronchodiosis. Odwala, ofooka omwe amasiya kudya mwachizolowezi ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala chiphokoso cha madamu - nkhanu, ma pikes akulu. Ngakhale kuvulala komwe kumabwera ndi tiziromboti, iwo samakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa woimira banja la cyprinid.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Kufumbwa wamba

Chiwerengero chonse cha bream chimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera kuchuluka kwa chipambano. Mkhalidwe waukulu pakadutsa madzi osefukira. Posachedwa, pakhala pali kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa malo achilengedwe obisika, omwe sangathe koma kuwononga kuchuluka kwa anthu amtunduwu.

Koma chifukwa cha kuchulukana kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwa nyama zazing'ono, kuchuluka kwa adani m'malo achilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa nthumwi yapadera ya mtundu wa bream, palibe chomwe chikuwopseza ndipo malo ake ndi okhazikika. Kuphatikiza kwa Black Amur kokha, komwe kwalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia, komwe kuli pangozi.

Usodzi wa bream tsopano ndi wocheperako. Imachitika kokha mchaka, nthawi yophukira. Malamulo omwe asodzi apezeka akugwiritsa ntchito kuti athandize anthu ambiri oyamba kusamba. Pofuna kusungira nsomba zamalonda, asodzi achilendo apangidwa, njira zikuchitidwa kuti apulumutse ana achinyamata osachotsa m'mitsinje ikuluikulu. Kuti muwoneke bwino kwambiri, malo oyandama omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Madziwo ndi nsomba zamtendere ndipo nthawi zina pokhapokha amatha kuwonetsa zizolowezi zoyipa, zimakhudza ma spinner ndi ma nyambo, kotero kuwedza ndi ndodo yoluka sikumabweretsa zotsatira nthawi zonse.

Kuteteza kwa Biliya

Chithunzi: Kodi bream imawoneka bwanji?

Ngati tsoka la anthu wamba wamba silikusokoneza pakati pa akatswiri, ndiye kuti mtundu wakuda wa Amur watsala pang'ono kutha ndipo walembedwa mu Red Book of Russia. M'dziko lathu, limakhala zochepa pokhapokha ku Amur basin. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwenikweni sikumadziwika, koma ndikosowa kwambiri kusodza kwa mitundu inanso ya nsomba. Amadziwika kuti bream imakhwima pokhapokha ngati ali ndi zaka 7-8 ndipo amakhala pafupifupi zaka 10.

Zifukwa zazikulu zakuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha zakumwa zakuda:

• kugwira kwambiri malo oyambira omwe amapezeka ku China gawo la Amur,
• nyengo zosavomerezeka chifukwa cha madzi ochepa a Mtsinje wa Amur.

Kuyambira makumi asanu ndi atatu a zaka zapitazi, kuwedza nsomba zamtunduwu ku Russia zaletsedwa, amatetezedwa m'malo ena osungira zachilengedwe. Kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa anthu, ndikofunikira kupanga kubereka muzochita zokumba, cryopreservation of genomes.

Chosangalatsa: Ngati m'dziko lathu, udzu wa carp ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi yokhala ndi malo ochepa, ndiye ku China ndi chinthu chofunikira kuwedza. Chifukwa cha kukwera kwake kwakukulu, kwa nthawi yayitali idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "nsomba zapakhomo": Kukula kwachinyamata kuchokera ku matupi amadzi achilengedwe kusamukira kumadziwe kapena ma dziwe, komwe amakula bwino mpaka kukula kofunikira.

Mkaka Ndiwotchuka osati pakati pa asodzi, komanso pakati pa ogula - okonda nsomba, popeza nyama yake ndi yowutsa mudyo, wowonda komanso wowonda kwambiri. Ngati angafunike, ma buru amathanso kuwaza dziwe kunyumba yawoyawo, kupatsa mabanja awo zinthu zabwino zofunikira.

Khalidwe ndi zakudya za phula

Bwatoli limakonda kukhazikika m'madzi otentha bwino, mitsinje yochepa, mitsinje, ndipo limatha kukhala m'madzi amchere pang'ono. Nsomba zimakonda kusambira pafupi ndi gombe masana, koma zimasuntha masana kufunafuna chakudya. Usiku, bream imasambira m'malo ozama osungira. Izi nsomba zimakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.

M'kamwa mwa phokoso ndi yaying'ono komanso yaing'ono, koma chifukwa cha kuyenda kwake, nsomba zimatha kudya gastropod ndi bivalves, nyongolotsi, mphutsi, komanso mbewu. Ngati kulibe chakudya chokwanira, nsombazo zimakhala zokhwima.

Thupi la bream lili ndi mawonekedwe osalala.

Kukula ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo

Kukhwima mu kugonana kwa amuna kumachitika pazaka zinayi, mwa akazi chaka chotsatira.

Kubala kuwaza kumayambira kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa masika ndikutuluka kumatenga pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka. Kutentha kwamadzi komwe kumafunikira kuzikhala ndi madigiri 11-17. Akatswiri adawona kuti kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa madzi mu dziwe mpaka madigiri 22, komanso kutsika kwake mpaka madigiri 9, kungayambitse kusokonezeka kosiyanasiyana mu mwachangu.

Amuna akamatambalala amakutidwa ndi chifupipafupi tating'ono, ndipo mitundu ya masikelo imasanduka yoyera, kenako, amber. Choyambacho chimamera pafupi ndi gombe, ndipo chikangotuluka chimachoka m'malo ozama. Nsomba izi zimabadwa m'masukulu athunthu ndipo zimapanga phokoso nthawi imodzi. Wosambitsidwa m'mphepete mwamadzi umamatirira kumizu ndi mizu yamadzi am'madzi ndipo umacha mkati mwa masiku 9-9. Malinga ndi akatswiri, nsomba imodzi yamkazi yamtunduwu imatha kuyikira mazira 100,000 kapena 300,000.

Zoweta zazikazi ndizochulukirapo.

Kirimu ndi nsomba yokhalitsa. Oimira mtunduwu amatha kukhala ndi zaka 20.

Usodzi

Kirimu ndi nsomba yamtengo wapatali yamalonda yotchuka ndi asodzi. Mbale zambiri zimatha kukonzedwa kuchokera ku bream: imawiritsa, kusuta, kuyanika ndi zamzitini.

Bambowo ndi wamanyazi komanso wosamala. Kuti apange nsomba kukhala zabwino, nthochi zimadyetsedwa tsiku loti asambe, komanso mwachindunji pokasodza. Paka bwino tsitsi pa mphutsi, zoyera, ufa ndi ndowe.

Kuwedza nsomba moyenera ndi ntchito yosangalatsa.

Patsani tsitsi mosamala nyambo, chifukwa chake, posodza nsomba muyenera kusamala. Ndikofunikira kuyeza kuya kwa malo aliwonse osodza, chifukwa kuchita bwino kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwerengera kolondola kwa kuya.

Mukaluma, siyandama. Ngati nsombazo zitenga nyambo, kenako ndikuponyera mwadzidzidzi, muyenera kupita kumalo komwe nsomba zasunthira posachedwa. Mukayamba kulumikizana, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu: kung'ambani chimbudzi kuchokera pansi ndikuchotsa pamalopo kuti zisawopseze nsomba zotsalazo.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Scavenger

Chikwanje ndi nthochi yaying'ono, nsomba yokhayo yamtundu waukulu wa cyprinids. Kufunika kwakukulu ndi kutchuka zili ndi pakati pa asodzi. Nyama yokoma, yayikulu kukula, yogwira ntchito chaka chonse, ndikugawa anthu ambiri m'madzi ambiri, ndi chiyani chomwe okonda amafuna nsomba?

Monga tanena kale, mkangaziwongowo ndiwopanda womwewo, koma kumayambiriro kwa moyo. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu m'moyo, zakudya, komanso maonekedwe sizimawonedwa, ngati simuganizira zina zomwe mungasiyanitse achinyamata. Kupuma - kapangidwe ka thupi, komwe pakamwa, mano ndi zipsepse, mkangowo ndi wofanana ndi kholo lawo.

Kufotokozera kwa mkombero wa nsomba

Kunja, nkwazi imadziwika kwambiri. Kugunda nthawi yomweyo ndi mawonekedwe a thupi lake.Iwo, ngakhale yayikulu, idakutidwa kwambiri kuchokera kumbali. Ngati miyeso yatengedwa, ndiye kuti kutalika kuchokera kumimba kupita kumapeto kumatha kukhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika konse kwa thupi. Gawo loyamba lodziwika bwino kwa mkangowu ndi kusowa kwa chinyezi chodziwika bwino, chomwe mtunduwu umapeza pakapita moyo. Zipsepse zamtunduwu ndizazikulu, dorsal - mkulu, anal - kutalika. Maluso a caudal ndiwotalikiranso, ogawika pakati ndi pansi, nthenga zapansi zimakhala zazitali.

Mutu ndi wocheperako kwa munthu wamkulu chotere. Koma nthawi yomweyo, kamwa yake ndi maso ake zimapezeka bwino pamenepo. Pakamwa pamapita patsogolo, kumakupatsani mphamvu kuti mugwire chakudya, osati chachikulu. Milomo yowonjezereka ndi sentimita yochulukirapo imakulolani kutulutsa chakudya kuchokera pamatope, ndipo mukatunga madzi pakamwa panu, nsomba imasesa ndi zinyalala ndi mtsinje posaka chakudya. Pali mano asanu a pharyngeal mbali iliyonse, amapezeka mumzere umodzi.

Ponena za utoto, zimatengera zinthu ziwiri. Choyamba ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo. Chikwangwanicho chimakhala ndi masikelo a imvi kapena a siliva, ndipo zaka zake zimayamba kuzimiririka, kukhala zofiirira, kukhala ndi kamvekedwe ka golide ndi mkuwa. Njira yachiwiri ndi malo okhala. Momwe madzi amdima mumdziwe momwe soti ndi abale ake amasambira, ndimdima wakuda wa mamba awo. Mwachitsanzo, mukayerekezera munthu kuchokera kunyanja ndi mtsinje, woyamba amakhala wamdima. Makala saphimba thupi lonse. Sali pamkanda - m'mbali kumbuyo kwa mutu, komanso pakati pa ziphuphu zakumaso ndi zam'mimba. Zipsepse zimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, imvi.

Pafupifupi, anthu amtunduwu amakhala zaka 10, mwinanso zochulukirapo. Nthawi imeneyi, amakula mpaka 75 cm, ndipo unyinji wawo umaposa kilogalamu 5. Zotsatira za ofufuza osiyanasiyana zimawona kuti nthawi ya kukula ndi kukula kukula imadutsa mofulumira m'malo otentha, ofunda.

Mwachilengedwe, pali nsomba inanso yofanana ndi mkangaziwisi, ndiye kuti ndiodza. Koma asodzi odziwa asodzi amadziwa kusiyanitsa:

• Chikwangwanicho chimakhala ndi maso ocheperako.
• Chikwangwanicho, chomwe ndi chofanana ndi chosungunulira m'litali, chimakhala chopanda mphamvu kuposa iye.
• Mphesa zam'munsi zaamu zimaponyedwa zofiira.
• Mano a mkangaziwo amapangidwira mzere umodzi, ziwiri za nthenga.
• Ma anal anal a boosters ndi ofupikitsika kwambiri.

Podziwa zinthu zosiyanazi, msodzi sadzalakwitsa posankha mtundu womwe adzagwidwe.

Adani Adani

Adani oyamba, omwe ndi achilengedwe omwe amakhala m'malo obisika, ndi nsomba zodya nyama ndi nyama zomwe zimakonda kudya nsomba ndi caviar yake. Ngati tikukumbukira kuti nyamayo imakonda kupindula ndi nyama yomwe imadyera monga pike kapena nsomba, ndiye zikuonekeratu kuti nsomba zimapezeka m'malo omwe mkangazi umakhalanso. Mbidzi zamadzi zam'madzi zimadya mwachangu, achinyamata. Sizovuta kugwira nsomba zolondola, koma kukula kwachichepere kumakhala kophweka, popeza sikunalobe pansi, kutetezedwa ndi nkhono ndi algae. Nyamayi ikabera nkhosazo, imagwira nyama ndipo nthawi yomweyo imakunkha anthu oyandikana nayo, kenako ikudya. Zinyama zazikulu komanso mbalame zimakonda kusangalala ndi nsomba zam'madzi, oimira omwe amabwera pamwamba amakhala ozunzidwa. Achule a mumtsinje ndi nsomba zina amadya caviar wa mkangaziwisi, ngakhale nthitiyonso nthawi zina imagwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya.

Asodzi ndiye ngozi yachiwiri kubizinesiyo. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha nyamazo, kuthekera kosodza chaka chonse, nyama yokoma, kupezeka mosavuta, zonsezi zidapangitsa kuti bizinesiyo ikhale nyama yotchuka. Choyambacho chimapereka malo ake, makamaka pakubzala, komanso kumangowonetsa kumbuyo kwake pamadzi. Chifukwa chake, munthu amazindikira malo omwe akufuna kuti akapeze. Ndipo pomwepo luso ndi luso, chidziwitso cha zizolowezi ndi zomwe amakonda kuchita zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mkhalidwe wamtundu ndi mtengo wamalonda

Monga tanena kale, scavenger ndi bream ndiz nsomba zomwe zimakonda kulongedza ndikukhala m'masukulu akulu. Koma kuchuluka kwa anthu kumadalira malo okhala ndi chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kuwaza kwabwino kwambiri kumawonedwa zaka zomwe nyengo imadziwika ndi madzi akulu akulu. Izi zimadziwika kwambiri munyanja ndi m'malo osungira. Malo ena osungirako malo amachitanso malo ena apadera, ochita kupanga, oyandama.

Ma famu ambiri amadzi akuchita nawo ntchito yoswana ndi kuteteza anthu ambiri. Poyerekeza ndi zomwe zakhala zikuchitika, pomwe mbiri yabwino kwambiri yodziwika imakhala matani masauzande handiredi zana limodzi, tsopano zowonetsa zachepa. Masiku ano, ziwerengerozi siziposa matani 30,000. Anthu amayang'ana mitsinje ndi matupi ena amadzi pomwe chigumulacho chimapezeka. Ngati pazifukwa zina pali chiwopsezo cha kuchuluka kwa anthu, mipiringidzo yapadera ndi maukonde okhazikika amayikidwa m'malo osaya. Anthu amtunduwu ndi okhazikika mu malo ogulitsa nsomba padziko lonse lapansi. Wogulitsidwa mu ayisikilimu, watsopano, wosuta komanso wokazinga.

Zokoma ndi nsomba

Nyama ya obereketsa ndi nyama yotsekera siyabwino kwambiri, imakhala yokongola kwambiri komanso yodzazidwa ndi zinthu zothandiza. 100 magalamu a mankhwala amapangira zoposa 100 kcal. Kuphatikizikako kumaphatikizapo mavitamini a magulu A, B, D, P, E, C. Komanso, nyamayi imakhala ndi zinthu zofunikira mthupi la munthu - chromium, fluorine, ayodini, ayodini, nikisi, calcium, potaziyamu, sodium, magnesium ndi ena. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo pafupipafupi kumakhudza ntchito ya thupi, thanzi, malingaliro.

Popeza nsomba izi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pophika kwa nthawi yayitali, njira zosawerengeka zapangidwa kuti ziphike. Mtunduwu umabwereka bwino kuchithandizo chilichonse cha kutentha. Zophika zokoma zitha kuphika ndi nyamayi, zitha kuphika ndi zosakaniza zingapo, yokazinga kapena kuwotcha ndipo zimaphatikizidwa ndi masamba osiyanasiyana, mbale zam'mbali ndi zina zowonjezera. Mitundu ya nsomba imakulolani kuti muchotse ndi zinthu zomwe mwasankha. Kumbukirani kuti pali mafupa ambiri mu mkangaziwisi, ena chifukwa cha izi amakonda kusuta kapena nsomba yamchere, kenako ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndi mowa.

Kuphika ophika mkate mu zojambulazo mu uvuni wapanyumba ndikosavuta. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kugula wamkulu, kuti pakhale malo podzaza. Mtembo uyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi kutsukidwa. Dulani zipsepse ndi mutu, yikani matumbo pamimba ndikuchotsa zolowa mkati. Sambani nsomba mkati. Podzazidwa, gwiritsani kaloti, mbatata ndi mandimu a mandimu. Mbatata sizitha kuyikidwa nthawi yomweyo, koma yophika mosiyana ndi zokometsera, ndikuthandizira ngati mbale yotsukira mbale. Dulani kaloti ndi mandimu kuti zitheke kuyika mkati mwa mtembo. Mkati ndi kunja, ndibwino kupaka mchere ndi nthaka. Itha kuthandizidwanso ndi mafuta a azitona kwa juiciness. Takulungani zolimba mozungulira malo ogwiritsira ntchito kuti madzi asatuluke ndipo kudzazidwa sikugwe. Ikani mu uvuni wamkati mpaka 200 ° ndi kuphika pafupifupi mphindi 45. Kukoma ndi kununkhira kwa mbale ndizodabwitsa!

Kufotokozera kwamawu

Bweya limakhala ndi thupi lokwera kwambiri pambuyo pake, lomwe limatalika lomwe lingakhale gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwake. Ngakhale izi zilidi zochulukirapo, mutu wa bream ndi wocheperako. Mtundu wa masikelo a ana opusa ndi siliva, koma m'kupita kwa nthawi umakhala wakuda ndipo woyambira wamkulu amakhala ndi bulawuni wakuda kapena imvi kumbuyo komanso wakuda wokhala ndi mbali yagolide. Pakamwa pa phokoso, ngakhale kuti ndi lochititsa chidwi, ndi laling'ono komanso losalala.

Zipsepse zake ndiz zakuda komanso zazifupi ndipo ndi ma anal fin okha omwe sangatchulidwe motalika. Dorsal fin ndi yayikulu, chomwe chimakhala chizindikiritso cha phwandoli ndipo ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira zake. Msodzi aliyense amadziwa nsomba, ngakhalenso amene amakhala kutali kuti asodzi.

Choyambacho chimakula pang'onopang'ono ndikufika mpaka magalamu 500 pokhapokha ngati zaka 5-7, chikayamba kuphuka. Pa zaka 2 zakubadwa, kulemera kwa buramu kumakhala komvetsa chisoni kwambiri - 20-30 magalamu.

Habitat

Bwatoli limakhala m'mitsinje, m'malo osungira madzi komanso nyanja. Malo okondedwa ndi maenje ndi maiwe. Amapita m'madzi osaya okha usiku kukafunafuna chakudya.

Ndi phokoso lokhalokha, limayesetsa kuchoka pagulu laphokoso mwachangu momwe zingathere ndipo mwina silibwerera kumalo opanda phokoso kwanthawi yayitali. Manyazi kwambiri, motero, amasankha malo opanda phokoso pomwe anthu ocheperako akhoza kukhala.

Bream Bait

Nyambo zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kugwira nyama. Itha kugwidwa bwino motere:

Thonje kapena mtanda ungagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino popha usodzi ndi ndodo ya usodzi, ndipo mukasodza pamagiya am'munsi, nyongolotsi kapena kachilombo ka magazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Munjira zambiri, kusankha nyambo yogwirira ntchito moyenera kumayendetsedwa ndi chilako chake cha chakudya m'malo osiyanasiyana, nyengo ndi nthawi ya chaka.

Buso anatomy

Kutalika kwambiri kwa thupi la bream kumatha kupitirira 80 cm, ndipo kulemera mpaka 6 kg. Bwatoli lili ndi mutu waching'ono komanso mkamwa. Pakamwa pake pamatha ndi chubu chomwe chimatha kutalika. Wachikulire amakhala ndi imvi kapena bulauni kumbuyo komanso mbali zopepuka, ndipo m'mimba ndi chikaso. Achinyamata ndi osalaza. Mphesa za nsomba ndi imvi. Mitundu: BreamGens: BreamFamily: CyprinidsClass: nsomba zokhala ndi chovala chaSquad: CypriniformesType: ChordantKingship: AnimalsDomain: Eukaryotes

Zaka komanso kukula

Mafuta amakula msanga. Kutalika kwa mphodza zomwe zakhala zaka 10 mpaka 13 zikufika pa 75 cm, kulemera kwa 8 kg kapena kupitilira apo. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zolemera 1.5 - 2,5 makilogalamu amagwidwa pa ndodo iliyonse. Mbale zazing'ono zomwe zimatchedwa scammers. Madera akumwera amakula msanga, kufikira kutha msinkhu m'zaka 3-4, ndipo kutalika kwake kukhala pafupifupi 25. M'madzi am'mphepete mwa kumpoto ndi malo osungirako amayamba kukhwima pakugonana zaka 5-8, kutalika kwake ndi 30 cm kapena kupitilira, bango limakula mu zaka 3, kukhala kutalika 12-15 cm.

Kulanda chinyengo

Kuluma kwamalimwe kumayamba masiku 10-15 atatulutsa ndipo ndikwabwino ngati kufalikira kunali kosangalatsa, popanda kusokonezedwa. Kubble uku sikutha nthawi yayitali, kumatha milungu iwiri. Zikuwoneka kuti buluyu akusinthira kuzakudya zomwe sizimapeza zipatso zoyenera. Zikuwoneka kuti amadya algae, kupewa zakudya zina nthawi yonseyo mpaka kuyamba kwa mutu wa rye, pomwe chikopa chake chikuyambiranso kukhala chokhazikika mpaka chiyambi cha kutulutsa masamba. Kuluma kwanyimbo nthawi zambiri kumawonedwa kumapeto kwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe komanso kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, koma asodzi odziwa zambiri adazindikira kuti nsomba zamtunduwu zimakulanso kumayambiriro kwamasika.

Ngakhale ndi gawo la banja la okhalamo opanga kutentha, kuwedza pamenepo nthawi zina kumayamba pakati pa madzi oundana pakati kapena kumapeto kwa Epulo, pomwe kutentha kwampweya kumachitika pafupifupi madigiri 8-12. Pakadali pano, samapereka chilichonse chazomwe amachita, palibe mafunde kapena kayendedwe kena pamadzi. Zipangizo zophera nsomba za usodzi. Pakusodza masika, ndodo yonyamula ndiyabwino kwambiri. Timasankha ndodo yodziwika ndi kutalika kwa 4-5 metres, chingwe cha usodzi chitha kutengedwa osati chocheperako, popeza madzi akadali matope, m'mimba mwake mwamtsinje ndi 0,16-0.20 mm. Ndikofunika kuti muzitola zoyambira kusambira, molemera kuposa magalamu atatu. Kuti usodzi wopambana azisamba, msodzi ayenera kudziwa zizolowezi zake, kudya zizolowezi zosiyanasiyana nyengo ya chaka, malo okhala. Amadzuka m'malo okongola, osankhidwa kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Akhala chete mwakachetechete, kudzipanga okha. Kuluma kwa phula pa ndodo yosodza ndikosiyana ndi kulumidwa ndi nsomba zina, ndipo koposa zonse, chifukwa, monga asodzi akunenera, iye amayamba kukweza pansi ndikuyiyika pamadzi. Izi zimachitika munthawi yomwe, atatenga khungubwe kuchokera pansi, nyamayo imakweza ndikuyamba kuyiyamwa, kenako ndikupita kumbali. Mukayika pansi kapena kuyiyika kuzama, muyenera kusesa. Ndikofunikira kubowolera moboayo, ngakhale kuti sakusesa, koma mwamphamvu: milomo yake ndi yolimba, yowuma. Panthawi yoyamba, pogwira chopanda chachikulu, zikuwoneka kuti mbedza idagundidwa, koma posakhalitsa nyamayo, pambuyo pouma pang'ono, imapita kugombe popanda kukana, kutuluka m'madzi, kutenga mpweya, sichimakana. Ndikwabwino kutulutsanso kachakudya ndi woyamwa kapena mbedza, msanga, kufikira atazindikira.

Koma kuti agwire bream, iyenera kudyetsedwa. Nyambo yabwino kwambiri yotsekera ndi mphutsi zazing'ono, mazira atsopano a nyerere ndi keke ya hemp, komanso chakudya chamafuta. Nyambo iyenera kuyikidwa masiku awiri kapena atatu isodzi. Pakusodza kwakanthawi kuchokera m'boti, pamtengo, chakudya chachikulu chimayikidwa m'madzi mu kolob kapena m'malo odyetserako kutali ndi mamita 3-4 kuchokera m'bwatolo, ndipo m'malo ocheperako, amawonjezeranso nsomba panthawi yomwe akusodza. Kudyetsa nyama sikuyenera kukhala mopitirira muyeso, mutatha kudya phala, nandolo kapena mafuta amkati, amasiya kukhala ndi chidwi ndi zokonda kwambiri ndikulowa mdzenje lake. Choyambacho “chimakonda kuluma madzulo ndipo imafikira nyambo kangapo patsiku. Pausiku wowala mwezi, ubweya ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zingwe zowoneka pamadzi. Usiku, bream nthawi zambiri imagwidwa pansi. Nthawi yogwira bream masana imatengera mikhalidwe yambiri. Zodziwika ndi zomwe asodziwo amangodziwitse zomwe zimamuwuza nthawi yomwe chakudyacho chiziwonekera kuchakudyacho komanso nthawi yanji kuti akapite kukawedza. Nyengo yabwino kwambiri yophera nsomba zamadzimadzi ndi masiku ofunda ndi pang'ono kum'mwera chakumadzulo kapena kumwera. Mvula yofunda, yopitilira siziwononga nsomba. Pamaso nyengo yoipa komanso nyengo yozizira. Mphepo yakumpoto ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa, bwaloli limalephera kudyetsa. Pali njira zingapo zodziwirira kupangira ubweya wotentha chilimwe: ndodo yonyamula chilimwe, mormyshka, waya, ndi donka. Kuti ndigwire bream, ndodo iyenera kukhala yayitali, yosinthika komanso yolimba: ma angler nthawi zambiri imapaka utoto wobiriwira. Amatenga ndodo yayitali kuti aponyere phokosoli mopitirira, popeza buluyo ndiwosamala kwambiri ndipo siabwino pamalo osaya pafupi ndi gombe kapena bwato. Chingwe chomenyera ndi mainchesi a 0,2 - 0,3 mamililidwe kuti ajambulitse utoto wa dothi. Zoyandama zimatenga gawo lalitali, makamaka kuchokera ku nthenga za tsekwe. Kulemera kwa mzere wa usodzi kuti ugwiremo kumayikidwa masentimita atatu kuchokera ku mbedza, chifukwa pomwe kulemerako kuli kutali ndi mbedza, simungathe kuzindikira kuluma kwa bream. Hook nambala 7 - 8.5, yakuthwa.

Onaninso

• Kulanda chinyengo
• Nkhani Zosodza - Bream
• Zolemba Pazisodzi - Issue 022 - Chotupira, Chowonjezera
• Zolemba Zodzigulitsa - Kutulutsa 044 - Moscow Channel. Poleschik, Gustera

White Amur Woyera (Ctenopharyngodon idella) ndi m'modzi mwa oimira banja lalikulu la Carp. Kulemera kwa nsomba kumatha kukhala 30- 35 makilogalamu ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 120. Kunja, kumawoneka ngati kanyama wamba. Carp yaudzu imakhala ndi mawonekedwe, omata, owoneka bwino kumbali popanda keel. Mu mzere wotsogoza 40-55 mamba. Mutu ndi wotsika, mphumi yake ndi yotakata, pakamwa ndiyotsika. Kona yakumbuyo ya pakamwa pa nsomba ili ili pamzere wamaso. Grass carp ndi yokongola kwambiri. Kumbuyo kuli mtundu wamtundu wobiriwira kapena wachikasu, mbali zake ndi zakuda zagolide, m'mphepete mwa sikelo iliyonse, kupatula zomwe zili pamimba, pali lingaliro lakuda. Mamba ake ndi akulu kwambiri. Pa chivundikiro cha gill ndikupotoza ma radiation agolide.

Mimba ya nsomba ndi golide wopepuka. Zipsepse ndizowala, kupatula kwa dorsal ndi caudal. Maso agolide.

Ndi kamwa yokhala ndi toothless, carp ya udzu imakhala ndi mano amphamvu kwambiri a pharyngeal meno omwe ali pa chipilala chachisanu cha branchial. Mwa anthu akuluakulu, ndi okulirapo kuposa mano amunthu, akuthwa, otsekeka, osinthika kumera. Matumbo mwa akulu nthawi zambiri amakhala owonjezera thupi katatu.

Carp ya grass nthawi zambiri imasanjidwa ndi carp, chifukwa siwopikisana nayo pankhani ya chakudya. Kuti achulukitse kukula ndi kulemera kwake pakukula kwake, potengera kuwerengera kwa 1 makilogalamu, nsomba izi zimayenera kudya masamba 30-70 kg pachaka chilichonse.

Mkuyu. 72. White AmurCooking imagwiritsa ntchito sikuti amangokhala ndi mafuta owonda, onenepa komanso opatsa thanzi a amur yoyera, komanso chiwindi. Akuluakulu amawakonda, chifukwa mafupa amachotsedwa mosavuta.

Nyama yoyera ya Amur ilinso ndi mavitamini angapo (A, tata B, C, E, etc.), kutsatira zinthu (calcium, phosphorous, potaziyamu, sodium, etc.), mpaka 6.7% yamafuta, omwe amaphatikiza mafuta a omega-6 ma acid.

Ndi antioxidant wachilengedwe, amawongolera magwiridwe antchito a mtima ndi ubongo, ndipo amatenga nawo mbali mu metabolism yamafuta. Zimasintha kayendedwe ka okosijeni kupita ku maselo, zimakhudza momwe khungu limagwirira, zida zam'mimba ndi zamanjenje, ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Nyama ya Cupid imayikidwa pamitundu yonse yamakonzedwe apamwamba: ophika, ophikidwa, wokazinga, wosuta. Malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, ndiwokongola kuposa nyama ya siliva carp. Grass carp ndi nsomba yamtengo wapatali yamalonda, koma osati kokha.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa udzu carp m'malo osungira kumapereka kukonzanso kwakukulu. Kudya zam'madzi zam'madzi, nsomba zimayeretsa nyanja, mitsinje, ngalande zothirira, madzi ozizira amadzi amagetsi.

Amur amadya kwambiri, kudya pafupifupi kuchuluka kwa chakudya tsiku lililonse nyengo yachisanu yomwe imadzilemera.Zakhazikitsidwa kuti, pakudya masamba am'madzi omwe samakhala ndi phindu kwa mitundu ina ya nsomba, carp ya udzu imawonetsa kuchuluka kwake, ndikupanga malo oyenera azachilengedwe kuti pakhale chakudya chamayiko ena ambiri.

Ubwino wina wa udzu carp ndikuwathandizira kwake pakuchepetsa kubala kwa udzudzu. Kudya msipu wam'madzi, udzu wamoto umalepheretsa udzudzu kuti zitheke kubereka. Mutu wotsatira.

Choyimira ndicho chiimidwe chokha cha mtundu wa bream mu banja la carp. Bwatili limakhala ndi thupi lokwera mbali kumbali yokhala ndi masikelo yaying'ono ndi kulipira kwautali wautali, komwe kumatha kukhala kuchokera ku 24 mpaka 30 nthambi zowala. Mutu ndi maso a bream ndizochepa, pakamwa pamatha kuzimiririka.

Thupi ndi zipsepse za bweya zimakonda kupakidwa imvi (zimadetsedwa ndi ukalamba), mbali yamkatiyo ndiyopepuka. Zipsepse za patchire, zamkati, ndi ma anal zimakhala ndi ubweya wofiyira. Mtundu wa bream umatengera mawonekedwe a nkhokwe: mbali zake zina zimakhala zodera zakuda, mwa zina - silvery-chikasu.

Malipiro a dorsal ndi aafupi komanso apamwamba; ndalama za pre-caudal ndizitali komanso zopapatiza. Diso loyera ndi mtundu wake ndi wofanana ndi breamu, koma ndizochepa.

Njira zophera nsomba

Kuluma kwa bream kumawonedwa chaka chonse - mwina, kupatula nthawi yofalikira. Mutha kuzigwira zonse kuyambira ayezi m'nyengo yozizira, komanso pamadzi otseguka nyengo yotentha. Pa nthawi ya zhora, nyamazo zimagwidwa nthawi iliyonse masana, koma zimakhala bwino nthawi yamadzulo, m'mawa komanso usiku wapakati.

Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, bambowu umayamba kwambiri. Pakati pa chilimwe, amayamba kufooka ndikuwonjezeranso kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira. Kuluma kumangoyima ndi nyengo yovuta.

Chovuta chambiri pakusodza kwa nsomba ndi ndodo yosodza. Kusodza m'madzi otseguka - onse poyimirira ndi mumtsinje - kutengera nyengo, zotsatirazi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito:

• kuuluka ndodo
• Ndodo za Bologna
• ndodo
• ndodo zolimba.

Palibe Asodzi amagwiritsa ntchito zoyandama ndi ma mormyshki osiyanasiyana kuti azigwiritse ntchito nthawi yozizira kuchokera ku ayezi.

Kusodza kwakukulu kwa khwawa sikumatha konse popanda nyambo. Choyambacho chimavomerezanso kukondera kwanyumba komwe kumawedza, komwe kumachitika masiku 3-4 asanamange nsomba. Mutha kugula nyambo m'sitolo ndikuphika nokha. Pachifukwa ichi, chakudya chambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito: mbewu monga chimanga, mafuta, chinangwa, chinangwa. Zosakaniza zanyama ndizothekanso: monga mphutsi, nyongolotsi, mapira. Choyambacho chimavomerezanso kukoma (anise, hemp mafuta, ndi zina) .. Chofunikira posankha mawonekedwe a nyamboyo ndikuzindikira mikhalidwe yam'deralo ndi mtundu wanthawi zonse womwe nsomba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Nyambo imaponyedwa m'malo osodza usanachitike nsomba. Nyambo yabwino ndi kusakaniza komwe kumakhala magawo ambiri onunkhira bwino. Zigawo zolimbira za nyambo (keke, zopopera, chinangwa) ziyenera kugawidwa bwino, pansi mpaka fumbi. Iwo "amasuta" m'madzi, koma nsomba ikamera, sangathe kudya.

Bait ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pophera nsomba moyenera. Pakasungidwa, leskhnik iyenera kukhala ndi mitundu ingapo yazizwitsa, popeza buluyo ndi nsomba zabwino. Zoyenera zotsatirazi ndizodziwika bwino:

• mphutsi
• chimfine,
• nyongolotsi
• zinthu za ufa (mkate, pasitala, mtanda),
• chimanga ndi chimanga (hercules, barele, semolina, nandolo).

Mutha kugwiranso mozizira m'miyala (kachiromboka), pa caddis, pamtengo wawung'ono wa herbivorous klepsin ndi zebra mussel. Zomwe amakonda amakonda zimatengera zinthu zambiri, choncho ndibwino kuyesa nyambo.

Kukoma kwa phukusi kumakhudzidwa ndi zaka zake, kukula komanso malo okhala. Nyama ya nsomba zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhala ndi zomera zambiri komanso malo okhala m'madzi abwino ndi mafuta, ofewa komanso owuma bwino. Mabhule ang'onoang'ono (scavenger) siwokoma kwambiri, chifukwa ali ndi mafupa okwanira pokhudzana ndi nyama. Ndipo mulimonsemo, nsomba yokoma kwambiri komanso yopatsa thanzi yomwe imagwidwa nthawi yomweyo kapena itangoponyedwa kumene.

Zosangalatsa

Mu Meyi 2014, nzika ya Great Britain, Ted Brian, adagwira chikwangwani chachikulu, cholemera mapaundi 15 ndi ma kilogalamu 12 (7.15 kg). Chifukwa chake adasintha mbiri yake, zaka zinayi m'mbuyomu.

Bwaloli lili ndi khutu lapadera lomwe limamuthandiza kubisala pangozi. Amatha kumvanso kulira kwa zovala za asodzi.

Pakutuluka, bream idumpha m'madzi ndikugwera m'madzi. Phokoso lomwe linali poterera linatchedwa "kuwedza" kapena "kukondweretsa" ndipo linapatsa nsomba'yo dzina loti "bream" (ndi ku Slovakia - "Splashing").

Mbidzi zokhudzana ndi nsomba zamtendere nthawi zina zimawonetsa zizolowezi zomwe zimadyera ndipo nthawi zina zimakhudzana ndi kupetera nyambo: nyambo zokupota ndi nyambo zingapo za silicone. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yakugwa, asodzi omwe amasaka zander, perche kapena pike amakhala ndi mwayi wogwira bream kuti iphulika pakugwa.