Dzina lachi Latin: | Regulus regus |
Gulu: | Odutsa |
Banja: | Korolkovye |
Kuphatikiza: | Kufotokozera kwamitundu ya ku Europe |
Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Mbalame yocheperako kwambiri m'chigawo chathu, kutalika kwa masentimita 9-11 okha, mapiko a 15- 17cm, kulemera kwa 4.5-8 g. Kusunthidwa, nthawi zambiri kumapereka mawu koma kumatha kutha kwakanthawi, kenako ndikuwona Korona imatheka kokha chifukwa cha maulendo apafupipafupi amayendera ndege kapena kuchuluka kwa nsomba. Imayenda limodzi ndi nthambi, nthawi zambiri imakhala yodziwika, ndipo imakonda kuzunguliridwa kwa masekondi 1-2, ikugwira ntchito mwamphamvu ndi mapiko ndikuluma chakudya.
Kufotokozera. Mitundu yojambulidwa pamwambapa ndi yobiriwira maolivi, obiriwira, otuwa pamutu ndi khosi, opepuka kunja ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wama brownish ndi imvi, mbali zam'mimba zokhala ndi mthunzi wa azitona. Ikawonedwa kuchokera kumbali kapena kuchokera kumtunda, kuyika mapiko mochititsa chidwi: kumbali yakuda, chingwe chaching'ono "chaching'ono" chamtunduwu chimadutsa mapiko opindidwa, ndipo pamphumi poyera, mzere wachiwiri wopingasa, wowonda komanso wamfupi, umawoneka pamwamba pa mapiko amkati nthenga zooneka zazing'ono zoyera. Pa chisoti chachifumu, mawonekedwe owala, osawoneka bwino paziwonetsero, ndi lalanje mwa amuna ndi achikasu achikuda - wogawika, wowazungulira mbali ndi milozo yayitali yakutali, pafupifupi kutseka pamphumi. Kuzungulira diso pali mphete yowala, yaying'ono kwambiri yanthete yamdima "yotambasuka kuchokera pamlomo kumbuyo ndi pansi, ndikutseka nthenga za khutu pafupi ndi mthunzi wofanana ndi phula lambiri. Mbalame mu nthenga zatsopano za m'dzinja zimadziwikiridwa ndi kukula kwamphamvu kwa chithokomiro chonse cha thupi. Maso ndi akuda, mulomo ndi wakuda, miyendo yake ndi yakuda, yofiirira. Amuna amakhala osiyana ndi akazi pokhapokha utoto wamtundu wautali pa korona wamutu.
Mbalame zazing'ono sizikhala ndi chojambula pamutu pawo, mutu wawo ndi imvi, pali mphete yoyera yoyera mozungulira maso awo, makosi awo ndi otuwa, popanda dera loyera pansi pa mulomo, mulomo ndi wopepuka, wopinki. Amasiyana ndi chithovu cha kukula kofanana pamtundu wa mapiko ndi pamutu, komanso mawonekedwe akuda am'munsi, mkombero wowala kuzungulira diso, momwe amayendera ndi mawu.
Voterani. Kuitana komwe kumamveka pafupipafupi ndipo nthawi zambiri kupezeka kwa mbalamezi kumamveka ngati zazifupi, zazitali kwambiri komanso zopanda phokoso "ttsi"kapena"ttsy", Nthawi zina kuphatikiza skid yochepa. Ali ofanana ndi ma sign a chubby (brown-head -iteriter), nuthatch, ndi mothrein (tit-yayitali-t-tailed), koma mitunduyi, mosiyana ndi mafumu, imagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiritso zina zomwe zalongosoledwa muzolemba zomwe zikugwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kudziwa mafumu ogwiritsa ntchito "njira yopatula". Nyimboyi, yomwe amuna amayimba nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa chilimwe, koma nthawi zambiri nthawi yozizira komanso yotentha, imamveka ngati mawu omaliza mokuwa nthawi zonse kuchokera pa 4-6 kwambiri komanso osati mawu omveka kwambiri, omaliza omwe ali osiyana ndi omwe adalipo kale ndipo akumveka ngati mawu achidule "siyur-li-siyur-li-siyurli-tsssi», «dash-lit-lit-lissi"etc.
Mkhalidwe Wogawa. Dera lokwanira kusungiramo mitengo limatenga gawo lalikulu la nkhalango ku Eurasia kuchokera ku Atlantic kupita ku Pacific Ocean. Nthawi yachisanu kumakhala nyengo yachisanu, komanso kum'mwera pang'ono, kumwera kwa Europe, ku Central ndi East Asia. Mtundu wodziwika wa nkhalango zowonongera ku Russia Russia, gawo lakutali la mapiriwo limapezeka ku Caucasus. M'dzinja, mbalame zina zimasamukira kum'mwera kuchokera kumadera otetezedwa, m'malo omwe amayenda awa ndi akulu, chifukwa chosamukira bwino chimawonedwa.
Moyo. Zolumikizidwa ku nkhalango zowonongera nthawi yokhazikika. Imayamba chisa mu Epulo kapena Meyi. Chisa - chozama, chozungulira, chikho chabwino cha buluzi, chimfine chobiriwira, ubweya, nthenga, wokutidwa kunja ndi ziphuphu ndi koko kwa kangaude, nthawi zambiri chimakoka kuchokera pansi kupita ku nthambi ya spruce. Nthawi zambiri imabisidwa pamwamba pamtunda ndipo imapezeka movutikira kwambiri. Mukachulukitsa kuyambira pa 6 mpaka 12, nthawi zambiri mazira oyera 8-10 okhala ndi mazira ang'ono ansalu. Yaikazi imadzitchinjiriza kwa masiku 14 mpaka 17, kenako imawotcha anapiye kwa masiku ena owerengeka, ndipo yamphongo imamudyetsa iye ndi anapiye. Makolo onsewa amadyetsa anapiyewo kwa masiku 20 chisa ndi sabata lina atachoka chisa. Ana awiri pachilimwe siachilendo.
Amadyanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kuphatikiza nthawi yozizira, ndipo amadya nthangala zazing'ono zochepa pang'ono. Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, ana amayendayenda, kuphatikiza ndi magulu osakanikirana a mbalame zazing'ono zopanda chitetezo.
Kinglet wamutu wachikasu (Regulus regus)
Kufotokozera Kwa Mfumu
Mbalamezi sizimawoneka zokha.. Amakonda kukhala pagulu ndipo ndi mbalame zosangalatsa. China chomwe chimadziwika ndi mfumuyi ndi talente yake yoimba. Komabe, zimawoneka mwa amuna okhaokha omwe wafika zaka ziwiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zovala za nyimbozi zimagwiritsa ntchito mawu awo kukopa zazikazi, kuchenjeza za zoopsa, kupanga gawo lawo, ndi kulumikizana.
Amuna amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi yayitali kwambiri, kuyambira pa Epulo mpaka Ogasiti. Nthawi yonseyi, mawu amawathandizira kufotokoza zakukhosi kwawo. M'masamba a paini mumatha kumva kuyimbidwa kwa mafumu, komabe, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwawo, anthu ambiri sangadziwe zomwe amamva. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, zolemba zapamwamba za mawu amfumu nthawi zina samamveka ndi anthu okalamba. Titha kudziwikanso kuti mbalameyi ndi mbalame yamtundu wa Luxembourg.
Mawonekedwe
Pali mitundu ingapo 7 ya banja yomwe imapezeka ku Eurasia ndi North America. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi mtundu wamakhalidwe achikasu, womwe umakhala ndi "chipewa" chachikasu. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitunduyi ndi maula. Komabe, onsewa amakhala ndi nthenga za maolivi obiriwira komanso m'mimba mwaimvi (akazi ali ndi khungu losalala).
Korolek ali ndi mawonekedwe osaiwalika. Kukula kwa mfumu ndi kofatsa kwambiri. Kutalika kumafika masentimita 10, ndipo kulemera - 12 gm. Thupi lake ndi lozungulira, mutu wake ndi waukulu, ndipo mchira wake ndi khosi amafupikitsidwa. Mlomo ndi wakuthwa komanso wopyapyala, ngati phokoso. Nthenga zazing'ono zoyera ngati chipale chofewa zimamera mozungulira maso, ndipo pamapiko pali mikwingwirima iwiri yoyera.
"Chipewa" chija chimalembedwa m'miyendo yakuda. Ndi wachikaso mwa akazi ndi lalanje mwa anzawo. Pakakhala zoopsa kapena nkhawa, mafutawa owala amawoneka ndikupanga mawonekedwe ochepa ngati korona. Mwina adathokoza kuti mbalameyi idatchedwa dzina. Mafumu achichepere amasiyanasiyana posakhala nthenga zowala pamitu yawo.
Makhalidwe ndi machitidwe
Mafumu ndi oimira, ochezeka komanso ochezeka kwambiri oimira mbalame. Ndizosatheka kukumana nawo padera, chifukwa amakonda kukhala m'matumba. Usiku wonse, mbalamezi zimasuntha, kuphunzira malo ozungulira, kapena kusewera ndi abale. Zimawuluka kuchoka ku nthambi imodzi kupita ku imzake, nthawi zina zimatulutsa zovuta. Amatha kuwoneka atakutidwa mutu. Komabe, ndizovuta kuti munthu azindikire mbalame izi pansi, chifukwa zimabisala m'makona a mitengo.
Pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu (minda kapena mabwalo), mafumu amatha kukonda zipatso zazitali kwambiri, ngakhale zitakhala m'malo mopanda phokoso. Nthawi zambiri chisa chija chimawombera panthambi zazitali komanso kutalika kotalika pansi (pafupifupi mita 10). Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mbalamezi zimatha kuyanjana mosavuta ndi kukhalapo kwa munthu ndipo zimazolowera kusintha kwazinthu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mafumu nthawi zambiri amakonda spruce wapamwamba kwambiri wa nesting. Nthawi zambiri, amakhala m'nkhalango za paini, ndipo sizingatheke kukumana ndi woimira banja lokhalo lomwe limadutsa m'nkhalango zowuma.
Amakonda kukhala moyo wongokhala, ndipo amayenda pandege nthawi yozizira zokha. Komabe, Mafumu okhala kumpoto amakhala ndi anthu osamukira kumwera. Kuyendayenda kotere kumachitika chaka chilichonse. Nthawi zina amakula, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala osakhudzika. Mafumu nthawi zambiri amabwerera kunyumba zawo kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
M'nyengo yozizira, amatha kupanga gulu limodzi ndi ena oimira banja lomwe limadutsa, omwe amapita nawo ndege zazitali ndikukhalanso ndi moyo wofananawo. Komabe, panthawi ya chisa, mafumu amakonda kupuma pantchito ndi mbalame zina. Monga mbalame zazing'ono zambiri, mafumu amayesetsa kuthana ndi chisanu chozizira limodzi. Amasankha malo abata komanso opanda phokoso pomwe mungathe kulozerana wina ndi mzake ndikukhala otentha. Chifukwa cha njira iyi yotenthetsera, amakwanitsa kupulumuka.
Komabe, nthawi yozizira kwambiri komanso yotentha, Mafumu ambiri amafa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha njala komanso kuzizira kwambiri. Koma kukwera kwakukulu kwa oimilira awa okhala ndi mbali kumawalola kuti asawonongeke. Mafumu akhoza kukhala mu ukapolo. Komabe, obereketsa mbalame okhazikika omwe amatha kuwapatsa chisamaliro choyenera ndi omwe angawathandize, chifukwa awa ndi mbalame zamanyazi kwambiri.
Habitat, malo okhala
Mafumu akufuna azikhala m'nkhalango zowirira, makamaka amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zowirira. Pali magulu abusa okhazikika. Amapezeka makamaka ku Russia ndi ku Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Greece).
Chaposachedwa, pakhala pakukulitsa nkhalango za coniferous (ali ndi kutulutsa bwino mawu, kuyeretsa bwino mpweya ndipo osaponya masamba ambiri), zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa mafumu. Mitengo yayitali ya spruce sioyenera kwambiri mbalame, koma oimilira a dongosolo la passerines amatha kusinthika ndi moyo m'mikhalidwe yotere. M'malo momwe mbalamezi zikulira kwambiri, mafumu amakakamizidwa kusamukira m'nkhalango zosakanikirana. Pakati pawo, amayesa kusankha omwe ali ndi mitengo yambiri.
Chakudya cha King
Ngakhale Kinglet ndi mbalame yosangalatsa komanso yosangalatsa, amakakamizidwa nthawi yake yambiri kufunafuna chakudya. Pofunafuna chakudya, mafumu amatha kulumikizana ndi gulu la mbalame zina zazing'ono ndikupitiliza kusaka zakudya. Zimayendayenda munthambi za mitengo, kuyang'ana kusalingana konse kwa khungwa, ndipo zimakhazikika pansi posaka tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Mafumu amatha kupachikika mlengalenga kwakanthawi, pambuyo pake amathamangira pagulupo ndikugwira ndi mlomo wawo wowonda. Kuti ukhale wamphamvu, mbalameyi imafunikira mapuloteni okwanira. Kwa tsiku limodzi, mfumu imatha kudya magalamu 6 a chakudya, chomwe ndi chofanana ndi kulemera kwake.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chovuta china ndichakuti mulomo wamfumu sungathe kuthyola chakudya cholimba. Chifukwa chake, amakakamizidwa kuti azikhutira ndi zakudya zochepa zokha, zomwe nthawi zambiri amangomeza.
Maziko a chakudya chake cha chilimwe ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi mphutsi, komanso zipatso zapakatikati. M'nyengo yozizira imatha kudya nyemba za spruce. Matalala ozizira ndi chipale chofewa amatha kukakamiza mafumu kuti azisaka chakudya pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Ngati nthawi yozizira ikasala chakudya kwa ola limodzi, adzafa ndi njala. Ngakhale mphindi 10-12 zaanjala zimatha kuchepetsa kulemera kwake ndi wachitatu. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti, ngakhale amakhala ochepa, mbalamezi zimatha kuwononga tizilomboti miliyoni pachaka.
Adani achilengedwe
Imodzi mwa adani achilengedwe otchuka kwambiri a mbalamezi ndi zinziri za zinziri, zomwe zimadya pafupifupi mbalame zazing'ono. Nthawi zina kadzidzi amatha kuukira mfumu. Agologolo, osaka mitengo kapena mitsuko yayikulu yosiyanasiyana amatha kudya mazira ndi anapiye a mfumu.
Komanso kwa adani achilengedwe osadziwika a mfumu atha kunena kuti ndi nyerere yaku Argentina, mosazindikira idadza ndi anthu pagombe la ku Ulaya la Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Tizilombo timeneti timagwira m'malo mwa nyerere zamtundu wina, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri chakudya cha mafumu ndi anthu ena okhala munkhalango zam'mapiri, kuwaumiriza kuti azigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yambiri akufunafuna chakudya.
Pali zambiri zokhudzana ndi majeremusi omwe amakhudza osati mafumu okha, kapena mitundu ina ya mbalame yomwe ili pafupi nawo. Zofala kwa iwo ndizowomba zowononga (zomwe kwawo ndi ku South America). Muthanso kudziwa mitundu ingapo ya nthenga, zomwe ndi bowa thupi la mbalame.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Nthawi yakukhwima kwa oimira awa omwe amadutsa imayamba pakati pa Epulo. Makamu ogwirizana amadzapanga magulu awiriawiri. Nesting imachitika kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa Juni. Chisa cha mfumu ndichazunguliridwa, chosachedwa kupendekera. Ndi yaying'ono kukula komanso singawonongeke pakati pa nthambi zodziwika bwino za conifers. Nthawi zambiri imakhala pamalo okwera mamitala 4-12, kotero ndizovuta kwambiri kuiwona kuchokera pansi, ndipo mbalame nthawi imeneyi sizimawoneka.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ntchito yomanga njuchi ndi ntchito yamphongo, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mbewa, nyemba, udzu wowuma, msondodzi ndi nthambi za payini.
Nkhani yolemba mawu akuti "glues" patsamba ili ndi ntchito yonseyi. Mkati, chisa chimakhala ndi pansi, nthenga ndi ubweya wopezeka. Kulimba mwamphamvu kumakakamiza anapiye osendedwa kuti amamatirane wina ndi mnzake, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala pamitu ya abale ndi alongo. Yaikazi imadziikira chaka chilichonse kuyambira mazira 7 mpaka 10, yomwe imadzisungira yokha. Mazira ndi ang'onoang'ono kukula, achikasu oyera, okhala ndi matuwa a bulauni. Nthawi zambiri, tsiku la 14. Mafumu okhaokha ndiwo amene alibe nthenga, pamutu pokha pali kuwala.
Sabata yotsatira, mayiyo ali padera mu chisa, akumawotha anapiye. Nthawi imeneyi, yamphongo imayamba kusaka chakudya. Kenako amayi nawonso amalumikizana kudyetsa anapiye okalamba kale. Kumapeto kwa mwezi, kukula kwachichepere kumayamba kale kuyanjana pamagulu ndikuyenda kudutsa m'nkhalango kukafunafuna chakudya. Mu Julayi, zazikazi zimayambiranso mazira, koma zimakhala zochepa (kuyambira 6 mpaka 8). Mu Seputembala-Okutobala, amfumu achichepere amayamba nthawi yosungunula, pambuyo pake amapeza utoto womwe amadziwika ndi anthu akuluakulu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Pazaka zana zapitazi, anthu a mfumu ku Europe akula kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, iye adayamba kugona ku France, pofika chaka cha makumi atatu adakhazikika ku Netherlands, ndiye milandu yokhudza mawonekedwe ake ku Denmark idalembedwa. Osati kale kwambiri, mfundo yokhazikitsa mbalamezi m'chigawo cha Morocco idadziwika. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, m'gawo la England, mfumuyo idakhala yoyenerera ngati mbalame yachilendo kwambiri, yowuluka, koma masiku ano ili ponseponse pagombe lakumwera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kukula kwa anthu kumakondwera ndi nyengo yofatsa, yomwe imalola Mafumu kuchoka maulendo ataliatali komanso olemera.
Komabe, kufalikira kopitilira kwa mafumu kumalephereka chifukwa chosowa malo oyenera, komanso nyengo yovuta. Kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kumathandizanso, komwe kumachepetsa kwambiri malo omwe mbalame zimatha kukhala.
Chinthu china chofunikira chomwe chimalepheretsa kagawidwe ka anthu ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Zimaphatikizidwa ndikudziunjikira kwazitsulo zambiri zolemera zomwe zimadzunjikana m'nthaka ndikuzipatsa poizoni. Chiwerengero chonse cha mafumu chimaposa mbalame 30 miliyoni, ndichifukwa chake kusungidwa kwake kumawerengedwa kuti kukuchititsa vuto laling'ono.