Manul ndi oimilira ena 822 ochulukirapo a fauna omwe ali mu encyclopedia
Nyama zam'madzi - Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamabanja ofunikira komanso osangalatsa kwambiri mu bukhu lathu la nyama zakuthengo. Zinyama zamtchire ndizosiyana kwambiri ndipo Nyama zam'madzi - Ili ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri. Mndandanda wa nyama zomwe zili mu gawoli uzisinthidwa pafupipafupi ndi mitundu yatsopano. Nyama zonse zagawoli zili ndi chithunzi, dzina ndi kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane. Zithunzizi ndizabwino kwambiri :) Chifukwa chake bwerani nthawi zambiri! Musaiwale kutilembetsabe patsamba lachiyanjano, ndipo nthawi zonse mudzakhala woyamba kudziwa zomwe nyama zatsopano zinawonekera mu bukhu lathu lakale. Zabwino zonse
Mawonekedwe a Mchere
Mosiyana ndi mitsinje, madzi achilengedwe samayenda. Komabe, sizili mwa nyanja. China chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi mchere wamadzi osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, nyanja yakuya kwambiri ndi Baikal. Komanso, ndizopanda pake. Mapangidwe odabwitsa ndi nyanja ya Caspian (onani chithunzi). Pankhani ya kapangidwe kamchere, madzi ake ndi ofanana ndi nyanja zamchere. Kale inali Nyanja ya Caspian. Tsopano ndi nyanja. Kusintha kudachitika nditasiya kulumikizana ndi nyanja.
Pali zambiri. Pali nyanja zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, komanso zazikulu ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Amangopeza madzi amvula okha. Amadyetsedwanso ndimtsinje wapansi panthaka.
Madera a Habitat
Zomera ndi nyama zam'madzi zili ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera. Kwenikweni, matupi amadzi achilengedwe ndi malo okhala nthumwi zamitundu yambiri, komanso ochepa amchere amchere.
Kuchuluka kwa nyanjayi kuli ndi izi:
1. Plankton. Ndi gulu la tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timanyamulidwa ndi madzi.
2. Bentos. Gululi limaphatikizapo zolengedwa zomwe malo awo ndi dothi kapena pansi pa nyanja.
3. Necton. Zamoyo zomwe zimaphatikizidwa m'gululi ndizinyama zoyenda pamadzi mwachangu.
Okhala m'mbali mwa nyanjayi, monga lamulo, ali m'malo atatu akulu. Loyamba ndi lachivundi. Awa ndi dera lomwe limakwaniratu ndi gombe la nyanja. Lachiwiri ndi loipa. Awa ndi malo amadzi ambiri am'mbali mwa nyanjayi, omwe amaphatikizapo pansi ndi pafupi ndi madzi. Dera lachitatu ndi pelagic. Imaphimba madzi omwe atsala.
Zomera
Nyanja zimasiyanasiyana malo opezeka zikhalidwe zamadzi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Zomera za maluwa zimasintha ndi kuya kwakukula. Chifukwa chake, nthenga za sedge zimapezeka m'malo osaya madzi. Sali ozama kuposa mita imodzi, m'mphepete mwa madzi. Mivi ndi chytin, bulwheat yamadzi, komanso mitundu ina yazomera zonyowa zimamera pano.
Ndikukwera mozama mpaka mamita awiri mpaka atatu, malo oyambira mabango amayamba. Malo okhala mahatchi, bango, ndi mitundu ina ya mbewu zimamera m'derali.
Zomera zokhala ndi masamba oyandama ndizakuya kwambiri. Pali maluwa a m'madzi (maluwa a madzi), akhathamira koyenda, komanso makapisozi amayi. Pakuya kwa mamita anayi kapena asanu ndi malo omwe mbewu zamira pansi. Izi zimaphatikizapo mutu ndi urut, komanso mipesa yotambalala.
Ndi nsomba ziti zomwe zimakhala mnyanjamu?
Zinyama za matupi amadzi ndizosiyanasiyana. Nyanjayi mutha kupeza nsomba zamtundu uliwonse. Komabe, ambiri amakhala komweko.
Ndi nsomba ziti zomwe zimakhala mnyanjamu? Muli malo owerengera, owuma ndi ma pike, ma perch ndi goby amapezeka. Pali nsomba zomwe zimakonda kukhala zakuya. Izi zimaphatikizapo burbot ndi whitefish. Awa ndi anthu okhala m'madzi amchere aku Russia omwe amakhala kudera la pelagic. Mitundu ina ya nsomba imasuntha nthawi ndi nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, m'chilimwe, ma cyprinid amapeza chakudya ndi pogona m'madzi a malo owerengera. M'nyengo yozizira, amatsikira m'mbali mwa nyanjayo. Amatsatiridwa ndi adani.
Baikal
Nyanja zikuluzikulu komanso zing'onozing'ono zing'onozing'ono, zomera ndi nyama sizisiyana ndi za matupi ang'onoang'ono opanda madzi. Chigoba ndi nkhono zimabisala mu silika. Nyama zimakonda kusaka nyama ndipo zimadya nyama m'madzi. Komabe, m'malo amenewo momwe kuya kuli kofunika, zinthu zimasintha kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, m'malo ena, pansi pa Nyanja ya Baikal pali mtunda wa kilomita imodzi ndi theka kuchokera pamadzi ake. Madzi akuya chotere ali ndi zake zachilengedwe. Madera amoyo omwe kale adakhazikitsidwa mu ufumu wokhawu wamadzi samalandira madziwo kuchokera kunja. Nyama yoyendayenda imatha kulowa munyanjamo pokhapokha ngati mtsinjewo ukulowa. Ndipo izi sizokwanira kwa aliyense.
Zinyama zazing'ono
Baikal ndi malo okhala zachilengedwe zosavuta kwambiri. Zakudya zawo ndi mabakiteriya, microalgae. Nyama zamtchire zamtundu wamtundu wina wa Nyanja ya Baikal zimagawidwa m'mitundu yambiri. Wodziwika kwambiri mwaiwo ndi gawo la Baikal. Akavu ang'onoang'onowa amakhala m'mbali mwa nyanjayi. Nthawi yomweyo, epishura imatsuka bwino madzi a Baikal ndi chida chake chochita kusefa, chomwe chimakhala ndi ubweya ndi bristles yomwe ili pazida zapakamwa.
Dothi lamiyala yamnyanjayo ndi malo okhala siponji. Izi ndi nyama zokongola kwambiri zomwe zimakhala zeros. Zolimba zokhazikika zazing'ono zamtundu wa invertebrates zimakhala zokhala ndi ma microalgae mumitundu yosiyanasiyana yobiriwira. Nthawi zina mawonekedwe amtunduwu amafanana ndi miyala ya m'madzi yam'madzi.
Mphutsi zamitundu 50 yosiyanasiyana ya ntchentche za caddis zimapezeka pansi pa mapiri a Baikal komanso m'madzi osaya. Kukula, anthu amasiya malo am'madzi.
Fauna
Ndi nsomba ziti zomwe zimapezeka ku Nyanja ya Baikal? Mwathunthu, mitundu makumi asanu ndi iwiri yapezeka m'madzi ake. Nambalayi ikuphatikiza ndi a Baikal om. Ndi nthumwi ya banja loyera. Gulu la Baikal lom ndi la nsomba zamalonda ndipo ndi nkhani ya usodzi wamasewera. Chimakhala m'malo otsetsereka a pansi pa madzi omwe akuya mozama mamita mazana atatu ndi makumi asanu.
Nyanja Zachikulu ndizomwe zimapanga madzi abwino padziko lapansi.
M'maenje amadzi amchere amchere, madzi ake ndi m'mphepete mwa nyama zambiri. Chuma chachilengedwe cha North American Great Lakes chili pachiwopsezo. Mphepete mwa nyanja yomwe ili ndi kutalika kwa 13,300 km ndi malo achisangalalo momwe anthu asanu ndi awiri mwa anthu aku US komanso wachisanu mwa onse okhala ku Canada amapuma. Anthu amaipitsa chilengedwe komanso kuwononga malo achilengedwe. Kukula kwa ntchito zamafakitale ndi usodzi m'ma 1900 kudapangitsa kuti anthu mamiliyoni ambiri asamuke ku Chicago, Detroit, Ontario, Michigan, ndi Illinois. Kuchuluka kwa anthu akumatauni kudasokoneza ma nyanja. Mkati mwa zaka za zana la 20, Nyanja Zapamwamba zinali zodetsedwa kwambiri kotero kuti pafupifupi zolengedwa zonse sizimakhalamo. Nyanja ya Ontario yakhudzidwa ndi momwe chitukuko cha kayendedwe kamadzi chimayendera. Great Lakes inayamba kupulumutsidwa kokha mu theka lachiwiri la 20 century. Masiku ano, nyanja zazikulu zili pachiwopsezo.
Mu 1925, pofuna kuteteza mchenga ndi mapanda amchenga, paki ya dzikolo idapangidwa m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Michigan. Georgia ya Georgia - gombe lakumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Huron - idalandira malo okimiramo mu 1929 ("Seogdiap Wow Isiapsi Imaiopai Ragk"). Dera lonse lathu lino ndi ma kilomita 12 basi. Chizindikiro chake ndi chilumba cha Floroverpot, chomwe chimadziwika ndi dzina la mizati iwiri yayikulu yoledzera yomwe ili m'mbali mwa nyanja, yomwe ili mphepete mwa nyanja. M'nyengo yozizira, paki ya dzikolo ndi lotseguka kwa alendo okhaokha pomwe madzi oundana ali ku Georgia sangakwanitse - kuyambira mkati mwa Januware mpaka Marichi.
Zabwino Za Nyanja Zabwino
Mfundo Zosangalatsa:
- Nyanja Superior ndi nyanja yachiwiri yokulirapo padziko lapansi.
- Kuchuluka kwa madzi a matupi asanu am'madzi ophatikizidwa mu Dongosolo Labwino la Madzi ndi 22528 km3.
- Kuchokera ku Lake Ontario, madzi 6,600 m3 amayenda mumtsinje wa St. Lawrence sekondi iliyonse.
- Matupi amadzi omwe amapanga dongosolo la Great Lakes atha kulembedwa kuyambira wamkulukulu: Nyanja Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie ndi Ontario. Mphepo Yaikuluyi imakhala malire pakati pa USA ndi Canada. Dera lonse lam'mphepete mwa nyanjayi limaposa ma kilomita 250,000.
Anthu okhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yaikulu
Zilumba ndi nkhalango za m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Zachikulu zili ndi zinyama zambiri. Mwa kuchuluka kwa nyama zolusa, nkhandwe, zofala komanso zofiira kwambiri ndizofala. Ziwombankhondo nthawi zambiri zimadyera pa mphalapakati, zadothi zokhala ndi anamwali oyera, mahatchi oyera, ndi agologolo ofiira. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhandwe imasakanso mbalame zopitilira ku Canada - makoswe akuluakulu omwe amakhala ndi moyo wam'madzi ndipo amamanga malo awo m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Makoswe enanso - muskrat - amatsogolera moyo wofanana ndi wa anthu onyumwa.
Anthu ochepa okhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Zazikulu amaphatikizapo akalulu aku Florida, maula a paini, mandimu okhala ndi mbewa kumpoto ndi agologolo akuuluka. Zimbalangondo zimapita kunyanja m'malo omwe amakhala kutali ndi malo okhala.
Pamapeto pa Ice Age, chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa madzi oundana pamagetsi amtsinje, madongosolo akulu atapangidwa, madzi oundana atasungunuka, adadzaza madzi. Chifukwa chake adapanga Nyanja Yaikulu - kuchuluka kwakukulu kwamadzi abwino padziko lapansi. Nyanjayi iliyonse ili ndi malo akeawo. M'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yaikulu Kwambiri ndizazungulira mapiri.
Zaulimi zimapangidwanso kumapiri a Nyanja ya Michigan, komanso magombe amchenga. Pa gombe lakumwera kwa nyanjayi kuli Chicago miliyoni miliyoni, yomwe imayambitsa chilengedwe.
M'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Erie pali madambo. Nyanjayi yagwidwa kwambiri ndi zinyalala zamafuta. Nyanja ya Erie ndiyo chakumwera kwenikweni kwa Nyanja Yaikulu. Ili pamtunda wa 172 m pamwamba pa nyanja, 4m pansi kuposa Lake Huron ndi mita 102 kutalika kuposa Lake Ontario, komwe imalumikizidwa ndi Niagara Falls. Area Erie amakhala 24,491.94 mita lalikulu. km yotalika makilomita 402 ndi m'lifupi mwake mpaka 50 mpaka 100 km.
Chithunzi: Richard Lloyd
Mbalame Zazikulu Zazikulu
Mu kasupe, terns wamba kapena nyanja ndi skuas zomwe zimakhala pachilumba zimawulukira kuno. Nyanja Yaikulu ndi malo osungira nyengo yachisanu a mbalame zambiri, monga abakha ndi atsekwe, monga ma mobiles apanyanja, ma boti oyenda panyanja, tsekwe wamba komanso tsekwe zaku Canada. M'mphepete mwa gombelo mumapezekanso chisakasa chambiri. Kankhomera kakang'ono ku America komwe kali m'nkhalango, ndi zisa m'mbali mwa nyanja. Nthawi zina amakhala kuno nthawi yachisanu.
Mu nkhalango za Great Lakes, mitengo yamtengo wapatali ndi shishkari imakhalanso. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a mtembo, omwe nthumwi zawo zimakafika kumalo osungirako nyama omwe ali m'nkhalango kumapiri. Zowoneka pamutu pa mbalamezi zikuwoneka bwino kwambiri. M'malo ambiri, m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yaikulu ndi paphokoso. Makamaka madambo ambiri pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Erie - Charadriiformes amakhala.
Anthu okhala m'madzi a Nyanja Zabwino
Pali nyama zambiri mu Nyanja za Upper ndi Michigan zomwe ndizomwe zimayimira madzi ozizira ndi amdima akumpoto. Ma shrimps odabwitsa ndi crustaceans amakhala pano, komanso mitundu iwiri ya Copepods. M'malo otentha komanso mitsinje yomwe imadyetsa nyanja, mapira achikasu, ma pikes ndi miyala yamiyala imakhala, yomwe imadyera mphutsi, nkhono ndi mphutsi.
Chithunzi: Sandra Bysshe
M'nyanja zonse zisanu muli nsomba, nsomba, nsomba zakumwa zaku America, komanso nsomba zina zokhala ku America. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa chakuwonjezeka kwa usodzi ndi kufalikira kwa majeremusi amiyala, chiwerengero chawo chatsika kwambiri. Ma lampreys amathanso kukhala ndi madzi am'madzi am'midzi chifukwa cha njira zopangira ma nyanja zolumikizira nyanja.
Anachulukana mwachangu ndipo pafupifupi anawononga kwathunthu nsomba komanso nsomba. Pofuna kuthana ndi zoyatsira nyali zam'madzi mu mayiwe, adani awo obadwa nawo adayamba kupangidwira - chifukwa cha izi, zachilengedwe zimabwezeretseka pang'onopang'ono.
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