Dzina la ndakatulo la zolengedwa - nightingale, mwatsoka, sizikugwirizana ndi nyimbo ya mbalameyi ndipo imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mtundu wake, kukumbukira mtundu wa nightingale. Makamaka, iyenera kutchedwa bango kapena bango. Kudutsa konsekonse, kolala ya nightingale ndi mbalame yosamukira. M'madera ambiri okhalamo mumabwera theka lachiwiri la Epulo. Kufika kwakukulu - koyambirira kwa Meyi.
Kungoyambira masiku oyamba kumene, azibambo omwe amawonekera kumapeto kwawo kuposa azimayi amakhala m'malo okhala zisa ndikuyamba kuimba kwambiri. Cricket cha Nightingale ndi chofunikira kwambiri pakusankha malo okhala malo okhala kuposa kriketi yamtsinje. Mbali yayikulu ya malo ake okhalamo ndi chisangalalo, chosafikirika, chodzala ndi msondodzi, mabango ndi mitengo yambiri ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso zisumbu zazitali zamadzi. Momwe mbalamezi sizipeza malo osambira komanso osalala, zimasankha maudzu omwe amakuliriridwa ndi tchire ndi zitsamba. Zoyala za cricket zausiku zimayala msondodzi wopanda msondodzi ndipo zimakumba timadzi tonyowa, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, maiwe ndi nyanja. Mutha kupeza mbalamezi pamphepete, m'malo mwa mitengo kuthengo ndi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yokhala ndi mabango.
Khola lausiku ndizobisalira kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo mbalame zankhondo. Ngakhale kuti cricket iyi nthawi zambiri imakhazikika m'magulu (mawanga) pamtunda wautali (40-70 m) kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, amuna amateteza nkhanza zawo ndikumenya nkhondo nthawi zambiri. Mphindi izi, amasiya kukhala osamala. Chifukwa chake, kuchitira umboni kumenyera kwa cricket ndikosavuta kuposa kuwona mbalame yofatsa. M'magulu am'magulu, malo ogwiritsidwiratu ntchito akuwonekera. Azimayi asanafike, ma cickets a Nightingale amayimba pamwamba pa mabango kapena tchire, monga ma crickets ndi mabango ambiri. Nyimbo ya kakhilole wa Nightingale, ngakhale imasungidwa mosiyana ndi nyimbo ya ma crickets ena aku Europe, koma imadziwika kuti ndi yakale kwambiri kuposa mtsinje ndi mitengo wamba. Ngati nyimbo ya ma crickets ena awiri ndi monolithic komanso monotonous, ndiye kuti nightingale kumayambiriro kwa nyimboyo, amatenga mawu amodzi, kenako nkuwaphatikiza ndi nyimbo zenizeni za kriketi. Nyimboyi imayamba ndi mawu oseketsa, osakumbukira cholinga chachikulu cha mtundu uwu, mawu awa akukhala mowirikiza, akusintha kukhala "zirrrr". Makonzedwe a nyimboyi amatithandizira kuti tisamangodziyambitsa kumene kuchokera kufuula komwe sikumangolankhulidwa, komanso kuphatikiza chiyambi ichi ndi makina olimbikitsira mbalame. Pakati pa nyengo yakukhwima, nyengo ya cricket yausiku imayimba kwa masiku, usana ndi usiku. Amayimba nthawi yonse ya makulidwe komanso kudyetsa anapiye. Kuyambira masiku oyamba a Julayi, patangotha kuchuluka kwa anapiye, kuyimba kumamveka m'mawa ndi madzulo okha. Pambuyo pakuyimba kwaposachedwa, pakulowetsa anapiye ndi kudyetsa anapiye, kanyimbo kameneka kamayimba, kubisala pansi penipeni pa mitengo, ndipo zimavuta kuiwona.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti malo ochezera a ku Asia, kuphatikiza pa malo omwe adawoneka kale, nthawi zambiri amakhala pachigumachi ndipo amabisa chisa chawo munyumba ya bango, ngati kuti akuphulika. Zingwe za zisa zoterezi zimakutidwa ndi pamwamba pa muluwo ndipo zimaphimbidwa mosabisa kwambiri kotero kuti khomo lolowera m'chisa'lo lokha ndi lowonekera. Mbalame zam'madzi am'madzi a ku Asia zimakhala m'mipanda ya bango, koma nthawi zonse pafupi ndi madzi.
Chisa chimamangidwa chotsika (osati chapamwamba kuposa 30 cm) pamwamba pa madzi kapena nthaka. Nthawi zina imamangidwa pamtunda wowerengeka wamtundu wa hummock ndipo umalimbikitsidwa pakati pazomera za herbaceous. Chisa chimakhala ndi timiyala wouma ndi masamba a bango, mabango kapena mbewu zina za marsh. Makoma akunja a chisa nthawi zambiri amakulungika mwachisawawa komanso osalimba, makoma amkati amakhala owuma kwambiri komanso malo omata owuma. Chisa chimawoneka ngati malo okongola okhala ndi thireyi lakuya, losalala, nthawi zina ngakhale lowoneka bwino. Nthawi zina, imakutidwa kuchokera pamwamba ndi mulu wa mizu kapena udzu wouma, womwe umapangitsa kuti ukhale wosawoneka.
Clutch ya mazira oyera 4-5 okhala ndi madontho a bulauni mu Meyi - June. Mkazi m'modzi amalowetsa chakudya, ndipo amadyetsanso anapiye. Pakulowetsedwa, amuna nthawi zonse amabweretsa chakudya chachikazi. Kudyetsa anapiye kumatenga masiku 12-14. Monga ma crickets ena, chakudya chamadzulo chimakhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri ndi mphutsi zake (nsabwe za m'mizere, ntchentche, udzudzu, kuphatikizapo centipedes, agulugufe ang'onoang'ono ndi mbozi zawo, komanso akangaude).
Khalidwe la kanyimbo wamadzulo usiku. Akamva phokoso kapena pozindikira ngozi, kambuyo amayenda ndipo nthawi yomweyo amabisala makulidwe. Posakhalitsa, phokoso lachete "tf ... tf ... tf" - chenjezo loti liwopseze, lomwe lidayang'aniridwa makamaka kwa mkazi. Pakusangalatsidwa, kelike imayamba kuwonjezera kachikwangwani pang'ono chizindikiro choyamba. Pang'onopang'ono, kusweka kukukwera mokulira, ndipo mbalameyo imayamba kukwera pamtunda wa mabango. Munthawi ya nkhawa yayikulu, kiyala ya nightingale ikupita ndikulemba mwachangu "chk-chk-chk-chk." Ndi wamkazi, nthawi zambiri amalankhula ndi munthu wopepuka. Nthawi zambiri kukakamira kumeneku, kumakulitsidwa kwambiri, kumakhala chizindikiro cha ngozi. Cricket chausiku akudyetsa pafupi ndi nthaka. Mukamadyetsa, nyimbo yaimuna imasokonezedwa nthawi zonse. Cricket chimayenda bwino pansi (sichimadumpha), chimatsika mosatalikirana pakati pa zomerazo ndipo nthawi yomweyo chimafanana ndi nkhuku yamadzi kapena coronet. Pangozi, iye amabisala nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Mu Ogasiti - Seputembala, ma cickets ooneka ngati ochita usiku amapita nthawi yachisanu.
Zizindikiro zakunja za kiyala ya usiku
Cricket cha nightingale ndi mbalame yaying'ono 13-16 cm. Mapiko ake ndi masentimita 1821. Kulemera - 14-18 magalamu. Ziwonetserozo ndi zojambula utoto. Thupi lakumwambalo ndi la bulauni, lopanda mabala obiriwira. Pansi ndi chifuwa ndi zofiirira kumbali.
M'mimba pakatikati pali zoyera kapena zoyera ndi utoto wotuwa. Chovala chaching'ono chimapangidwa ndi nthenga zazitali zazitali za utoto wonyezimira. Nthenga za suprahanga zimakhala ndi zigamba zowala. Mzere woonda wopyapyala umayendetsa phiko kuchokera panja. Nthenga za mchira zakuda.
Pali “nsidze” wofiirira womwe suyenda mbali yamdima. Mchira uli mwa mawonekedwe a fan. Bill ndi wakuda pamtunda, wachikasu pamtunda pansi. Matumba a brownish amakhala ndi pinki. Utoto wa amuna ndi akazi ndiwofanana. Maubwenzi achichepere ausiku pang'ono ndi pang'ono pamdima pamwamba komanso pansi pocheperapo, kuposa mbalame zachikulire, zomwe zimakhala ndi malo owoneka bwino pakhosi.
Masewera a nightingale amasiyana ndi ma cricet ena ambiri chifukwa chosakhalapo kanthu pamafuta, nthenga zazitali kwambiri za underbelly, mthunzi wa nthenga pansi, mchira wopingasa, mawu, ndi mawonekedwe.
Kufalikira Kwa Cricket Nightingale
Nightingale cricket imafalikira pakati komanso kum'mwera kwa Europe, kumene kuli mitundu wamba. Imakhala ku Central ndi Front Asia.
Imapezeka kumpoto kwa Africa. Maulendo osamukasamuka, amasamukira ku Africa otentha nyengo yachisanu mu chigwa cha Nile, m'madambo a Firate, komanso kugombe lakumwera kwa Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Ku Italiya, imafikira mpaka mamita 200 pamwamba pamadzi. Cricket wa Nightingale amapanga magulu atatu.
Nightingale Cricket Habitats
Nightingale cricket mumakhala mabedi okumbika bango, komanso malo okhala ndi madzi ena pafupi ndi madzi: mabango, malo ogulitsa.
Amasankha tinthu tosapeneka ta mbewu, msondodzi wandiweyani.
Nthawi yomweyo amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi madzi pafupi ndi mitsinje kapena malo onyowa. Amasungidwa pazisumbu za malo kapena m'mphepete mwa chosungira.
Pokhala nesting, amasankha malo owuma, opanda kusefukira kapena masango owuma a mabango owuma.
Zomwe zimachitika pa kanyimbo kosewerera usiku
Ma cickets a Nightingale nthawi zonse amabisala m'mabedi osagoneka. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala pamwamba pa bango, mabango, zitsamba, miyala ikuluikulu, kapena kutalika kulikonse. Nthawi yomweyo, amatulutsa kachizungu kakang'ono komanso koopsa, kofanana ndi mzake, wopanga nsomba kuti asadumphepo. Ichi chidapereka dzina la krisimasi kwa mbalame.
Ma korona a Nightingale mwaluso amayenda pamtunda komanso pamata panali mabango. Amphongo amangoyenda motsatana ndi mbewu, kukwera pamwamba pa bango. Mbalame zikuyenda, osati kukwera, ndipo zimatha kukhala nthawi yayitali mwachindunji, ndikuyigwirizira pawoko. Zomenyera nkhondo zimakhala pachimake mosiyana, ndikuyika miyendo mwanjira ina. Chifukwa chake musiyanitse podzala mitengo ya nightingale kuchokera ku mitundu ina ya mbalame.
Kubzala Nightingale Cricket
Chapakatikati, nthawi yakubzala, kanyimbo kamphongo kausiku kamakhala pamiyala yamadzi ndi kumayimba usana ndi usiku, osangokhala chete ngakhale nthawi yotentha. Akafika, amunawo amakonza mpikisano weniweni pakulimba. M'mwezi wa Meyi kapena wa June, poyimba, amadziwitsa omwe akuchita mpikisano za gawo lomwe adalimo, potengera izi amayendetsa othamangitsawo kutali ndi malo osungira.
Nyimboyi imayamba ndi mawu apadera, ofanana ndi kufalikira kwa mabampu amdothi. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi nyimbo zambiri pamaliridwe, choyambirira pang'ono ndi pang'ono komanso pang'ono, kenako mokweza komanso mwachangu.
Pakutentha kwa chilimwe, ma cickets a nightingale amayimba m'mamawa ndi madzulo okha.
Mu Ogasiti, nyimbo za mbalame sizimveka kawirikawiri. Ma cickets amphongo ausiku nthawi zonse amayimba pamwamba pa mabango. Nthawi yomweyo, amawomba nthenga pakhosi, natembenuza mitu yawo mbali zosiyanasiyana ndikutsegula milomo yawo mokulira. Kuchokera pamawu a nyimboyo ndikovuta kwambiri kudziwa komwe mbalameyo imakhala. Pakumveka pang'onopang'ono, kanyumba kameneka usiku kumagona pansi ndikuuma.
Zowopsa zikadutsa, mbalameyo imayambiranso nyimbo yamantha pakati pamiyendo yayitali. Kenako imakwera pang'onopang'ono ndikuimba pa korona wa tsinde. Ma cicake awiri amamanga chisa m'masabata awiri. Wamphongo amabweretsa zida zomangira: ndodo yosweka ndi yokhotakhota imatalikirana mpaka 25 cm, masamba owuma ndi zina zomera.
Yaikazi imapanga chisa chachikulu, chimakhala m'malo osabisika ndipo imabisala pakati pa masamba a bango, nthawi zambiri pamtunda wa 30 cm kuchokera pansi pa dambo kapena dambo. Kapangidwe kamakhala kotayirira, kofooka, kumaoneka ngati gulu la chaka chathachi chagona pansi. Matayala ake ndi olondola kuposa nyumba yonse. Chisa chimakutidwa ndi maudzu ochokera kumwamba.
Mu theka lachiwiri la Epulo, chachikazi chimayala 3-5 yaying'ono, pafupifupi mazira 2 cm. Zimakhala zoyera kapena zachikaso pang'ono, zokutira ndi timaso taimvi kapena tofiirira, nthawi zina zimakhala ndi mikwaso yakuda. Amamatira mazira kwa masiku 12-14. Wamphongo samasangalatsa, koma amabweretsa chakudya chachikazi. Ana a m'mimba amaoneka pakati pa Meyi kapena June pa 11-16th tsiku ndikukhalabe chisa milungu iwiri. Nthawi zambiri, ma cickets ochita kupanga usiku amakhala ndi ndodo imodzi kapena ziwiri pachaka.
Tsvirkun salўiiny
Gawo lonse la Belarus
Slavkovye wa Banja - Sylviidae.
Ku Belarus - L. l. luscinioides.
Mitundu yocheperako yosamukasamuka ndi yoyenda mitundu. Zimapezeka makamaka kumadzulo kwake komanso kum'mwera kwa Polesie, nthawi zina kumpoto kwa Belarus. M'malo ena ndizofala, mwachitsanzo, pamadziwe a famu ya nsomba ya Lakhva komanso m'mbali mwa mtsinje. Doe.
Chimafanana ndi usiku. Kumbuyo ndi kofiirira, m'mimba ndimakhala wowonda kapena yoyera, mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi zofiirira. Mosiyana ndi kanyimbo kamtsinje, palibenso zowoneka pachifuwa. Nthenga zazovala zovala zamkati zimatsala pang'ono kufika pamwamba pa mchira, zokhala ndi nthenga zopepuka. Nightingale ilibe zizindikiro zotere. Mikwingwirima yosinthika imadziwika pa nthenga za mchira. Komabe, malinga ndi zizindikirazi, nkovuta kuzindikira kaseweredwe ka usiku mu chilengedwe.
Kulemera kwa yamphongo ndi 13-20 g, wamkazi ndi 15-21 g. Kutalika kwa thupi (amuna ndi akazi onse) ndi 13-13,5 masentimita, mapiko ndi 2122 cm.Ulitali wamphongo amuna ndi 6.5-7 cm, mchira ndi 5.5-6 cm , tarsus 2 cm, mulomo 1 cm.
Kumakhala ndi nthawi yamadzulo, mosamala, sikubwera m'maso.
Nyimboyi imayamba ndikumangokhala chete ndikumangokhala phokoso kwakanthawi, kusinthana - kusinthika, kusasinthika, nthawi zina kwa mphindi imodzi. Nthawi ya nyimbo, yamphongo nthawi zambiri imakhala pamwamba pa nthambi ya msondodzi, bango, ndi malo ogulitsa. Imatenga malo owongoka, nthawi zambiri imadziwika osati ndi maula, koma ndi mawonekedwe ake, ndi nkhawa pang'ono, imabisala m'nthawi.
Imafika mchaka chapakati pa Epulo, ikudziwitsa za kupezeka kwake ndi nyimbo - yayitali komanso yokhalitsa yodala “trrrrrr. ".
Imawulukira kumwera kwa republic kumapeto kwa Epulo, komwe kumatha kuweruzidwa ndi nyimbo ya mbalame.
Malo okhala, monga lamulo, malo osafikirika: nkhokwe zazikulu za msondodzi, bango, malo okuma pang'ono ndi matanthwe okhala ndi makatani amtundu wotalikirapo, ma paka ndi zina. Imapezekanso m'matanda opepuka, madzi, madzi, ndi mitsinje yokhala ndi udzu wandiweyani.
Chakumapeto kwa Epulo - Meyi, mbalame zimasankha malo okhala malo ndikumanga zisa. M'mwezi wa Meyi - Juni, oyimba amuna amakumana. Zoweta m'magulu awiriawiri, koma m'malo abwino zimakhala ndi magulu am'deralo.
Chisa chimakhala chotsika (osapitirira 30 cm) pamwamba pa nthaka kapena madzi pakati pazomera za herbaceous, nthawi zambiri mwachindunji pamtunda pakati pazidutswa zowuma zamiyeso yam'munda, pakung'ung'udza pang'ono kwa sedge hummock. Imapezeka panthaka yosasunthika, yophimbidwa nthawi zonse ndipo imakhala ndi mtundu wa basiketi yayitali kapena (nthawi zina) malo ozungulira okhala ndi thireyi lakuya kwambiri. Zomangamanga ndizotakata (mpaka 2,5 cm) masamba owuma amphaka, bango, sedge kapena zimayambira zazinthu zazikulu. Makoma akunja nthawi zambiri amakhala otayirira kwambiri komanso osalimba, pomwe makhoma amkati amakhala omata komanso amakumbukirabe (kuchokera masamba owonda ndi amphamvu a masamba opangira madzi). Asanayike masamba bango mu chisa, mbalameyo imawanyowetsa m'madzi, motero atayanika amapezeka kuti ndi abwino kwa wina ndi mnzake, ndipo mbale yotsekera imawoneka yaying'ono. Kutalika kwamtali (lit.) 8,5-10 masentimita, mainchesi 9-12 cm, mainchesi kuya 5.5-6 cm, mainchesi 5.5-6 cm.
Muli ma 4-5 4-5, mazira oyera oyera, oyera kapena oyera oyera, ofiiriridwa ndi timiyala ting'onoting'ono tofiirira, timaso tating'ono komanso timabowo tofiyira tambiri komanso tambiri tofewa. Nthawi zina mizere yakuda yanthete yomwe imapangidwa ndi misempha imawonekera pa dzira. Kukula kwa dzira 2 g, kutalika 20 mm, mainchesi 15 mm.
Zovala zatsopano zoyambirira nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kumapeto kwa Meyi. Pali ana mpaka ana awiri mwa akazi ena pachaka. Yaimuna imamanga chisa, ndipo mkazi yekha ndi amene amakhala ndi moyo kwa masiku 12. Pazaka pafupifupi ngati 15, anapiye amachoka chisa. Kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June - theka loyamba la Julayi, akazi ena amayamba kuyikira mazira mwatsopano.
Amadyanso ma invertebrates ang'onoang'ono osiyanasiyana.
Kuchoka kwa malowedwe ndi kutalikirana kumachitika mwakachetechete, kotero nthawi yake siyimvekedwe. Zolembetsa zaposachedwa kwambiri zimachokera kumapeto kwa Ogasiti.
Chiwerengero ku Belarus chikuyembekezeredwa pa 6-10 zikwi ziwiri, m'zaka zaposachedwa pakhala chiwonjezeko chochepa cha chiwerengerocho.
Akuluakulu omwe adalembetsedwa ku Europe ndi zaka 9 miyezi 9.
Mitunduyi idaphatikizidwa ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa Red Book of Belarus.
1. Grichik V.V., Burko L. D. "Ufumu wa nyama ku Belarus. Vertebrates: zolembalemba. Manual" Minsk, 2013. -399 p.
2. Nikiforov M.E., Yotesky B.V., Shklyarov L.P. "Mbalame za ku Belarus: Buku Lotsogolera la Nied ndi Mazira" Minsk, 1989. -479 p.
3. Gaiduk V. Ye., Abramova I V. "Zachilengedwe zam'madzi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Belarus. Passeriformes: a monograph." Brest, 2013.
4. Fedyushin A. V., Dolbik M. S. "Mbalame za ku Belarus." Minsk, 1967. -521s.
5. Nikiforov M. E. "Mapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka avifauna aku Belarus." Minsk, 2008. -297s.
6. Fransson, T., Jansson, L., Kolehmainen, T., Kroon, C. & Wenninger, T. (2017) Mndandanda wazaka zazitali za mbalame zaku Europe.
Mkhalidwe wosungira kakhalimu wausiku
Padziko lonse lapansi osawopseza. Cricket cha Nightingale ndichilengedwe ndipo ndi mbalame zomwe zimagawidwa komweko, koma malo ake obisalapo amabalalika, ali ndi mipata yambiri pakugawa. Ku Europe, kuchuluka kwa anthu mu 1980-2011 kunali kokhazikika, kutengera koyambirira kwamayiko 27 owunikira pan-European.Malinga ndi kuyerekezera, chiwerengero cha magulu owerengera ndi 530000-800000, omwe ndi ofanana ndi anthu 1590000-2400000. Malinga ndi izi, kriketi yausiku siili wa mitundu ina yomwe ikuopseza kuchuluka padziko lonse lapansi. Ku Europe, 50-74% ya padziko lapansi mbalame zamtunduwu zimakhala, ngakhale kutsimikizidwa kwina kwachiwonetsero ndikofunikira. Cricket cha Nightingale chimatetezedwa ndi misonkhano SPEC 4, BERNA 2, BONN 2.
Mverani mawu a kiyala ya usiku
Masewera a nightingale amasiyana ndi ma cricet ena ambiri chifukwa chosakhalapo kanthu pamafuta, nthenga zazitali kwambiri za underbelly, mthunzi wa nthenga pansi, mchira wopingasa, mawu, ndi mawonekedwe.
Cricket cha Nightingale chimafuna malo owonjezera amadzi a nyanja ndi dambo lambiri.