Woweta nsomba aliyense wam'madzi amadziwa kuti chiweto choyandama pansi chimadwala kwambiri ndipo posachedwa afa. Koma kusintha kwa nsomba zamkati (Synodontis nigriventris) ndi nkhani ina. Kwa nsomba zam'madzi izi, kukhala pamimba ndi chizolowezi. Chidwi choterechi ndi chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa chisinthiko komwe kudalipo. M'malo obisalamo, nsomba zamkati zimasambira pafupifupi 90% ya nthawi.

Kufotokozera

Synodontis amagwira ntchito madzulo komanso usiku. Kutacha, nsomba zimapumira, ndikukwera kumalo obisalamo. Amakhala okhathamiritsidwa nthawi zonse, amatembenukira msana pokhapokha chakudya.

Chifukwa cha njira yapadera yosambira, mawonekedwe akunja ali achindunji: kumbuyo ndikoyera kuposa pamimba. Mafotokozedwe ake ndi awa:

• Thupi ndi imvi, yokutidwa ndi mawanga bulauni;
• Kutalika 9 cm
• Nyumbayi ndiyochepa.

Oyimira mitunduyi alibe mamba. Khungu limakhala lakuda, yokutidwa ndi ntchofu woteteza. Zikopa za pectoral ndi dorsal zimapangidwa, zimakhala ndi ziboko zamtengo wapatali. Ndalama ya caudal bwino imagawidwa m'magawo awiri. Mafuta omaliza amawonekera pafupi ndi mchira.

Kukhala mwachilengedwe

Mtundu wa Synodontis nigriventris wa banja la Cirrus ndi wofala m'misewu ya ku Congo ndi Cameroon, yomwe ili ndi masamba ambiri. Pakukhala zachilengedwe, nsomba zimakonda misonkho ndi mitsinje yoyera, pomwe madzi abwino amayenda mwachangu ndipo pansi pake amakhala ndi mchenga kapena miyala yoyala bwino.

Kusintha nsomba - nsomba zokhala ndi bata komanso mwamtendere. Mwangwiro bwino mu malo am'madzi okwanira malita 80, pomwe pali mitundu yambiri yamtundu wazambiri.

Synodontis amakonda kukhala ndi mayendedwe opatsa thanzi (ndikofunikira kugula gulu la anthu atatu kapena anayi). Nsomba imodzi imadzimva yosatetezeka.

Magawo amadzi

Chofunikira kwambiri pazomwe zili pamalowa ndi mtundu wamadzi. Mphaka amafunika madzi oyera komanso oyera mokwanira. Chifukwa chake, fayilo yamphamvu ndi aeration system iyenera kuyikika mu aquarium. 1/3 ya kuchuluka kwa madzi amasintha sabata iliyonse.

Magawo a madzi azikhala motere:

• Kutentha 25 - 28 ° C,
• Acidity 6 - 7.5 pH,
• Kuuma - 5 - 15 dH (otsika).

Kukongoletsa

Malo osungirako osiyanasiyana ayenera kukhala mu aquarium: driftwood, zinthu zadongo, milu yamiyala yomwe ili ndi grottoes. Nyama zosinthika zimakhala ndi magulu awiri azitsitsi zovuta, zomwe zimamva pansi kufunafuna chakudya. Pofuna kuti tinyanga tisawonongeke, tikakonza malo okhala m'madzi, pansi pazikhala ndi mchenga kapena miyala yoyera yozungulira.

Kudyetsa

Katundu wamtchire samasankha kudya, amadya nyama komanso chomera. Kuchokera pazakudya za nyama mutha kupatsa opanga maipi, mawongo am'mwazi, brine shrimp. Zakudya za mmera zimatha kuphatikizira magome kapena granular spirulina, algae zina.

Catfish amadya mwachangu magawo a zukini ndi nkhaka yokonzedwa ndi madzi otentha. Koma ichi ndichakudya chomwe sichiyenera kuphatikizidwa menyu pafupipafupi. Mwambiri, zosuntha sizitha kudyetsedwa, popeza zimakonda kunenepa kwambiri. Ndikofunika kukonzekera tsiku losala kudya kamodzi pa sabata, kusiya nsomba popanda chakudya.

Kubala ndi kubereka

Synodontis Changeling - mtundu womwe ndiovuta kubereka pakhomo. Kungodzipatula pawokha sikungatheke konse, chifukwa chake, kukondoweza ndi mahomoni kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ziweto zimatha kutha msinkhu ndili ndi zaka ziwiri. Popeza kuti akazi ndi ovuta kudziwa, gulu la nkhosa limasankhidwa kuti liziwbereke.

Anthu osankhidwa amasungidwa kwa masabata awiri mumzinthu zosiyanasiyana, adye zakudya zamtundu wazakudya zambiri. Kusodza kwa nsomba zodzipatula kumayenera kuchitika mosamala, popeza chifukwa cha kupsinjika, nsombazi zimafalitsa zimbudzi zomwe zili ndi zibowo mu ukonde ndipo zimatha kugwira ukonde.

Malo okhala ayenera kukhalapo m'malo obisika. Madzi acidity ali pafupi 6 pH, kuuma kuli pafupifupi 5 dH, kutentha ndi 2 ° C kuposa momwe mumakhala mu aquarium yayikulu. Chiyerekezo cha kutaya kuyenera kupangidwa.

Pambuyo pofalikira, akuluakulu amakolola. Mphamvu yotaya imachepetsedwa. Makulitsidwe kumatenga pafupifupi sabata. Mazira sangathe kuyimitsa nyali yowala, chifukwa chake aquarium iyenera kukhala yamchere.

The mwachangu amadyetsa nyama plankton.

Matenda ndi Kuteteza

Kuchuluka kwa kosuntha kumakhala malinga ndi momwe amasungidwira, koma nthawi yayitali yomwe munthu amakhala ndi zaka 10. Oyimira mitundu nthawi zambiri amakhala olimba, koma amatha kupezeka ndi matenda ena. Izi zotsatirazi pathologies ndizotheka:

1. Kusintha kwa utoto chifukwa cha kupsinjika.
2. Fin zowola chifukwa chosakhala ndi madzi abwino.
3. Kuwonongeka kwa chilakolako chakufa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma nitrate m'madzi.
4. Spironucleosis ndimatenda oyenda limodzi ndi maonekedwe a zilonda m'thupi.
5. Mawanga oyera pa thupi ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus.

Popewa ma pathologies, ndikofunikira kusunga madzi a aquarium mwaukhondo. Popewa kuwola kwakanthawi, tikulimbikitsidwa kupukusa mchere wamadzi nthawi ndi nthawi. Kuzunza kwa nitrate m'madzi sikuyenera kupitilira 20 ml.

Synodontis ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha bata komanso mtendere, kusowa kwa chisamaliro komanso zakudya zoyenera. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti amatha kusambira mozondoka.

Zina zambiri

Synodontis (Synodontis sp.) Ndi mtundu wa nsomba zothimbidwa ndi ray kuchokera ku banja la a Cirrus. Pakadali pano pali mitundu yopitilira 130 yomwe ili ku Central, East ndi West Africa. Oimira mtunduwu adalowa mu Europe mu 1950.

Dzinalo limatha kutanthauzira kuti "mano osakanizidwa", lomwe limawonetsa mawonekedwe achilendo a nkhono zamtchire izi - mano a 45-65 a nsagwada yapansi amakula palimodzi.

Sitampu ndi chithunzi cha synodontis. Republic of Madagascar, 1994

Ma synodontis ndi nthumwi zazikulu za mphaka. Mtundu uliwonse umatha kukula mpaka 30 cm. Nthawi zambiri nsomba za mphaka zimapezeka pansi pa dzina la "Changeling". Nsombazo zidakhala ndi dzina lofananira lofananalo losangalatsa lomwe amatha kusambira mwachangu kapena kulunjika kumtunda, chomwe ndichinthu chogwira kuti agwire tizilombo omwe agwera pamadzi.

Monga catfish platidorases, amatha kupanga mawu oyaka ngati akuwopsa, kapena atachotsedwa m'madzi. Amachita izi mothandizidwa ndi zingwe zoyesera zoyambirira za zipsepse.

Asilamu nthawi zambiri amakhala usiku, amakonda kubisala m'misasa masana. Nsomba ndizosowa. Ndiwothandizadi pakusunga ukhondo wam'madzi, kudya zotsalira za nsomba zina. Mu chilengedwe amakhala magulu ang'onoang'ono.

Mawonekedwe

Ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri yamtundu, catfish synodontis ilinso ndi mitundu yambiri. Thupi limakwezedwa, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pambuyo pake. Kutumiza kumbuyo ndikokulirapo kuposa pamimba. Khungu limakhala lolimba ndimatumbo ambiri. Kutengera ndi mitunduyi, kukula kwa mphaka za m'madzi kumatha kukhala 6 mpaka 30 cm.

Mutu ndi waufupi, wothinikizidwa mwamphamvu pambuyo pake. Maso akulu amakhala kumbali za mutu. Pakamwa pake pamakhala pansipa, paliponse, pozungulira patatu tating'ono ta tinyanga tating'ono. Monga lamulo, otsikitsitsa ndi cirrus kapena fringed (mawonekedwe a banja). Tizilomboti timaloleza nsomba kuti ipeze chakudya nthawi yamadzulo. Dorsal fin ndiyopangika mawonekedwe, ndipo ulusi wa mchira umakhala woboola mbali ziwiri. Pali ndalama yayikulu ya adipose.

Somik synodontis. Mawonekedwe

Dorsal fin imakhala ndi mawonekedwe atatu ndi ma spikes a 1-2, ndalama za caudal ndizodzaza mbali ziwiri. Komanso, catwalk ili ndi mafuta akulu ozungulira. Zipsepse zamkati zimapangidwa bwino, zotalika, kulola kuti nsomba ziziyenda mwachangu.

Mtundu waukulu wa thupi, kutengera mtundu wake, umatha kukhala wachikasu, bulauni, imvi-beige, ndi zina zambiri. Chowoneka ndi kukhalapo pa thupi la mawanga, madontho kapena mikwingwirima yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe. Mimba yowala yopanda mawanga.

Kugonana kwamanyazi ndi kofooka. Akazi ndiakulu kuposa amuna.

Chiyembekezo cha moyo wam'madzi ndizaka 15.

Habitat

Synodontis ndiofala kwambiri ku Africa. Amapezeka onse m'mphepete mwa mitsinje (Kongo, Niger, Nayile, Zambezi, ndi zina) komanso m'madzi (Malawi, Tanganyika, Chad). Zambiri zimapezeka kumalo okhala.

Catfish imakhala m'mabotolo osiyanasiyana: malo osefukira, mitsinje yokhala ndi madzi oyera komanso amatope. Koma mitundu yambiri imakonda kukhala pafupi ndi miyala yanthawi yayitali. Amakonda mbewu zokulira ndi tirigu, amene amathawirako masana.

Pakadali pano, pakati pa oyenda pansi pamadzi, omwe ali ambiri ndi mitundu itatu ya synodontis, yosiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe okongola a thupi komanso mawonekedwe osangalatsa.

Chophimba cha Synodontis (Synodontis eupterus)

Mphaka wokongola kwambiri wokhala ndi chophimba chachikulu chophimba. Mtunduwu umakhala wolimba kuchokera ku imvi kuwala mpaka wakuda wokhala ndi mawanga amdima mthupi lonse. Mwachilengedwe, mutha kupezeka ku White Nile, Niger, Nyanja ya Chad. Imakonda mitsinje yamatope okhala ndi miyala yocheperako komanso yamakono. Nsomba zimatha kukhala mokhazikika komanso m'magulu.

Kukula kwakukulu kwa thupi ndi masentimita 30. catfish siyankhanza, koma kubzala ndikofunikira kokha ndi nsomba yayikulu komanso yogwira. Voliyumu yolimbikitsidwa ya m'madzi amachokera ku malita 150. Omnivore, m'chilengedwe amadya tizilombo, mphutsi, algae.

Chophimba cha Synodontis

Synodontis Changeling (Synodontis nigriventris)

Nsombayo idatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha machitidwe ake. Catfish pafupifupi nthawi zonse amakhala akusambira pamimba. Khalidweli layamba kusinthika, ngati chida chodyera tizilombo tambiri pamadzi.

Mwachilengedwe, kusintha kwa ma synodontis kumapezeka m'milandu yambiri ya mumtsinje wa Congo. Amakonda malo okhala ndi masamba obiriwira.

Kukula kwakukulu kwa nsomba ndi 10 cm, pomwe amuna ndi ochepa kwambiri. Mtundu wake ndi wonyezimira wokhala ndi mawanga akuda thupi lonse. Voliyumu yovomerezeka kuchokera ku malita 60.

Synodontis Kusintha

Synodontis multifoam (Synodontis multipunctatus)

Dzina lachiwiri lodziwika bwino la nsomba iyi ndi mtundu wa synodontis cuckoo, chifukwa monga mbalame yotchuka iyi, nsomba sizisamalira ana, koma zimaponyera mazira awo kumata kwa ma cichlids atanyamula mwachangu mkamwa mwawo. Izi zimatchedwa "parasitic spawning." Ma cichlids osayang'anira amalowerera mazira a synodontis ndi mazira awo. Koma nsomba zamatchuthi zimamera mwachangu ndi mazira acichlids.

Somik cuckoo ndimphepete mwa Nyanja ya Tanganyika ku East Africa. Mtundu wamba wa nyanjayi ndi mchenga womwe umasakanizika ndi miyala komanso pafupifupi zomera zomwe kulibe.

Mu aquarium, catkoo catfish imatha kukula mpaka 15 cm. Amatha kusungidwa limodzi kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, ngati kuchuluka kwa malo am'madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa malo ogulitsira kungalole. Thupi limakhala lachikaso lowala ndimadontho ambiri akuda. Mimba yake ndi yachiwonekere, ndipo inali ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yotambalala kumapeto kwa mtengo wopyapyala. Maluso a dorsal ndi atatu, akuda ndi oyera oyera. Voliyumu yolimbikitsidwa ya aquarium yokonza ikuchokera ku malita 100.

Synodontis ambiri owala

Kusamalira ndi kukonza

Voliyumu ya aquarium yokonza synodontis imasankhidwa kutengera mitundu inayake. Mwachitsanzo, malita 60 azikhala okwanira pakusintha, ndipo chophimba chachikulire chimasowa ma aquarium osachepera malita 150. Kuti nsomba zisawononge antennae awo, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga kapena dothi laling'ono lamiyala.

Synodontis imatha kusungidwa limodzi kapena zoweta

Ndikofunikira kuti mupereke malo ambiri - malo omwe mungabisike, payenera kukhala ochepera kuposa kuchuluka kwa ma synodontis okha mu aquarium. Ma driftwood achilengedwe, ma grottoes, miphika ya ceramic ya maluwa akhoza kukhala malo othawirako. Zomera zothandizanso ndizothandiza ku mitundu yambiri, koma malinga ndi chibadwa chofuna kukumba dothi, ndibwino kuwabzala mumiphika yapadera. Anubias, echinodorus, cryptocorynes ndizoyenera.

Mu malo okhala m'madzi okhala ndi synodontis amafunika pogona

Fyuluta yamphamvu komanso kupukusa bwino ndikofunikira mu aquarium. Synodontis ndi nsomba zamadzulo, kotero kuwunikiranso ndikwabwinonso kuti kusinthidwe. Makina otentha sakhala opepuka, chifukwa okhala mu Africa otentha amakonda madzi ofunda.

Kamodzi pa sabata, kusintha kwamadzi ndikofunikira - mpaka 20% ya voliyumu ya aquarium.

Magawo abwino am'madzi pazomwe zili: T = 24-26 ° C, pH = 6.5-7.5, GH = 4-12.

Kugwirizana

Ma Synodontis ndi nsomba zokonda mtendere, koma sizitanthauza kuti atengekedwa kuzinthu zazing'ono zilizonse. Monga nsomba zina zazikulu, nsomba zam'madzi zimadya mosangalala aliyense yemwe akutuluka pakamwa pake. Chifukwa chake, ikasungidwa mu malo am'madzi ambiri, ma tetras, neons, zebrafish, guppies samachotsedweratu.

Nsomba zimagwirizana bwino ndi abale awo. Komabe, ma hass ndi otheka pano, choncho muyenera kusamalira pogona. Nthawi zambiri, ma synodontis amakwiya kwambiri ndi nsomba zina pansi - bots, ma cororor, anticistruses - oyandikana nawo oterowo amavomerezeka kuti apewe.

Synodontis amagwirizana bwino ndi ma cichlids aku Malawi

Koma ndi ma cichlids aku Africa, ma synodontis amayenda bwino. Mutha kukhala pa aulonokara, haplochromis, melanochromis, etc. Mutha kukhazikitsanso synodontis yokhala ndi ma scalars, gouras lalikulu, iris.

Kuswana ndi kuswana

Kubala Catfish synodontis kunyumba ndikotheka, koma kumafuna luso logwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa mahomoni.

Pobzala, malo okhala ndi madzi okwanira 70 malita amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Sabata imodzi izi zisanachitike, opanga amafesedwa ndi kudyetsedwa mokwanira. Ndikofunikira kuyika ukonde pansi kuti makolo asadye caviar yawo. Kuti muchepetse kutulutsa, kutentha kumakwera ndi 2-3 ° C, kusintha kwamadzi kumapangidwa ndipo pakhalepo pakapangidwa. Nsomba zimaphatikizidwa ndi mahomoni kamodzi, kenako kumatuluka kumachitika pambuyo pa maola 12. Kubereka kwa akazi kumatha kufika mpaka mazira 500. Ntchitoyo ikamalizidwa, opangawo amalipiratu.

Caviar makulitsidwe amatha pafupifupi maola 40, mazira oyeretsedwa omwe akhudzidwa ndi bowa amachotsedwa mu aquarium. Pambuyo kuwaswa, mphutsi zimadyera pa yolk sac kwa masiku ena anayi. The mwachangu amakula mosiyanasiyana, koma osakhumudwitsana, kotero kusanja sikofunikira.

Kutha msinkhu kumachitika pazaka pafupifupi 1.