Salvini cichlazoma (Cichlasoma salvini) mukamagula ukamakula ndi nsomba yaimvi, yomwe imakopa chidwi chake. Koma chilichonse chimasintha atakula, ndiye nsomba yokongola kwambiri, yowoneka bwino, yomwe ikuwoneka mu aquarium ndipo kuyang'ana kwake kumatsalira. Salvini ndi nsomba yayitali kwambiri, imatha kukula mpaka 22 cm, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yocheperako. Monga ma cichlids onse, imatha kukhala yankhanza kwambiri, chifukwa ndi dera. Izi ndi zowononga, ndipo amadya nsomba zazing'ono, motero muyenera kuzisungitsa mwapadera kapena ndi ma cichlids ena.
KUKHALA NDI MOYO
Salvini cichlazoma adafotokozedwa koyamba ndi Gunther mu 1862. Amakhala ku Central America, kumwera kwa Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala. Amawabweretsanso ku Texas, Florida.
Salvini cichlomas amakhala m'mitsinje yokhazikika komanso yolimba, amadya tizilombo, invertebrates ndi nsomba. Mosiyana ndi ma cichlids ena, ma salvins amatha nthawi yawo yambiri akusaka m'malo otsetsereka a mitsinje ndi misonkho, ndipo samachoka pagombe pakati pa miyala ndi snags, monga mitundu ina.
KULAMBIRA
Thupi limakhala lokwera, lopakidwa mozungulira ndi chopindika. Mwachilengedwe, salvini amakula mpaka 22 cm, omwe amakula pang'ono kuposa kukula kwama cichlids ku Central America. Mu aquarium, ndizochepa, pafupifupi 15-18 cm.Ngosamalidwa bwino, amatha kukhala ndi zaka 10 mpaka 13.
Mu nsomba zazing'ono ndi zosakhazikika, mtundu wamtambo ndimtambo wamtambo, koma m'kupita kwa nthawi umasanduka mtundu wokongola. Mkulu wakale wa salvini cichlazoma ndi wachikaso, koma mikwingwirima yakuda imatsata chikaso. Imodzi yopitilira imayenda motsatira mzere wa thupi, ndipo yachiwiri imagawika patali ndi kudutsa yoyamba. Mimba ndi yofiyira.
KULIMBIKITSA MU ZINSINSI
Salvini tsikhlazoma ikhoza kuvomerezedwa kwa asodzi apamwamba am'madzi, chifukwa ndizovuta kwa oyamba kumene. Izi ndi nsomba zopanda chidwi kwambiri ndipo zimatha kukhala m'madzi am'madzi ang'onoang'ono, koma nthawi yomweyo zimakwiya ndi nsomba zina. Amafunikanso kusintha kwa madzi pafupipafupi ndi chisamaliro choyenera.
Kudya
Ngakhale salvini cichlazoma amaonedwa kuti ndi nsomba yopanda tanthauzo, m'chilengedwe chake ndimotchero omwe amadya nsomba zochepa ndi ma invertebrates. Mu aquarium, iwo amadya mitundu yonse ya moyo, ayisikilimu kapena chakudya chamagulu. Zomwe zimadyetsa zimatha kukhala chakudya chapadera cha ma cichlids, ndipo kuwonjezera apo muyenera kupatsa chakudya chamoyo - artemia, machubu, ndi nyongolotsi zamagazi pang'ono. Amakondanso masamba osankhidwa, monga nkhaka kapena sipinachi.
Mu chilengedwe
Salvini cichlazoma adafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1862 ndi katswiri wazam'madzi waku Germany Gunther. Nsomba zokongola zamtunduwu zimakhala m'madzi a ku Central America. Amakumana ku Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala. Anatumizidwanso ku United States ndi kupita kumadera a Texas ndi Florida.
Tsikhlazomas amakonda mitsinje yokhala ndi njira yolimba komanso yapakatikati. Amadyanso nyama ndipo amadya nsomba zochepa, ma invertebrates komanso tizilombo. Mosiyana ndi ma cichlates ena, salvins samabisala pamisala ndi miyala, koma amasaka m malo momasuka.
Kufotokozera
Kodi salvini cichlazoma amawoneka bwanji? Zithunzizi zikuwonetsa kuti iyi ndi nsomba yowoneka bwino. A cichlazoma amatha kukula mpaka kukula - mpaka 22 masentimita, koma nthawi zambiri mu aquarium sichimafika kutalika kotere ndipo imayimilira kutalika kwa 15-18 cm. Monga abale onse, salvini ndi malo ozungulira komanso okonda. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, amatha kukhala ndi zaka 13.
Thupi la Salvini ndi lokwera, lopakika, ndipo kupukutira kwake ndi lakuthwa. Nsomba zazing'ono zomwe sizikufika pa kutha msambo zimakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu wonyezimira. Akuluakulu cichlazoma ali ndi utoto wowala. Mtundu waukulu ndi wachikaso, koma mikwingwirima yakutali imapita m'thupi. Mzere wakuda umodzi wopitilira umayenda molunjika pakatikati pa thupi, chachiwiri chimasokonekera, ndikugawikana patali ndi kumbuyo. Mimba ndi kumat.
Zinthu zake
Kwa oyambira m'madzi am'madzi, cichlazoma salvini izikhala yovuta kuyikonza, ngakhale siyofunikira pamiyeso yamadzi. Kuti musunge salvini imodzi, mukufunikira aquarium yama 200 malita. Ndipo ngati mukufuna kupangitsa kuti azigwirizana ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwake kudzayenera kuwonjezeka nthawi 2. Komanso cichlase imakhala ndi kuphulika kwapang'onopang'ono, imakhala yolusa kwambiri pomwe ikubzala.
Kudyetsa
Mwachilengedwe, cichlazoma salvini ndi nyama yolusa. Oimira amtunduwu amadya chakudya chamoyo - nsomba, ma invertebrates, tizilombo. Ndi zinthu zopanga, salvini amauzidwa ngati wonyezimira, popeza amadya mitundu yonse yazopanga, ayisikilimu ndi chakudya chamoyo.
Chakudya chachikulu, monga lamulo, ndi chakudya chapadera cha ma cichlids. Komabe, ndizofunikira kupatsanso mazira kapena chakudya chokhala ndi moyo - magazi, coronet, tubule, artemia, nyongolotsi zam'mimba ndi cricket. Muyenera kukhudzanso nsomba ndi chakudya chobiriwira - sipinachi, letesi, dandelion, nkhaka, zukini ndi masamba ena osankhidwa. Okonda ena amadyetsa ziweto zawo zam'madzi zokhala oundana, nsomba zam'madzi ndi shrimp.
Akatswiri amati kuti munthu akhale motakasuka, ma cichlase amodzi adzafunika malita 200 kapena kupitirira. Mukakhala mu aquarium yayikulu mumatha kusunga anthu angapo, ndikuwonjezera malita 30-40 amadzi aliyense. Dothi lililonse lingagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma ndibwino kutenga miyala ing'onoing'ono kapena tchipisi cha granite. Kuti mudzala mbewu yokhala ndi mizu yamphamvu, mufunika dothi lochokerapo 8 cm.
Pansi pa aquarium, pogona ndi zojambula zopangidwa ndi miyala ndi snagi ziyenera kuyikidwa. Zodzikongoletsera izi zidzakhala pothawirapo kwa nsomba yomwe imafuna kubisala kwa wozunza. Nthawi zambiri ma cichlids amawononga mbewu, koma salvins amazichitira mosamala.
Zomera ziyenera kukhala ndi mizu yamphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, ma cryptocorins, echinodorus, pini, wallisneria, elodea ndi abwino. Ma cichlids safunikira pakapangidwe kamadzi. Kutentha - 24-26 madigiri, acidity - 7-8.5 pH, kuuma - kuchokera 5 mpaka 20 ° dH.
Cichlazoma ya Salvini sakonda kuyatsa kowala kwambiri ndipo amakonda malo okhala omwe amatetezedwa ndi kuwala kwakukulu kwa nyali zapamwamba. Mukakhazikitsa nyali zamphamvu kwambiri pachikuto, nsombazo zimatha pafupifupi nthawi yonse m'misasa ndipo sizingawalole kuti azisirira mtundu wawo wowala. Zokwanira kukhala mphamvu ya nyali za fluorescent za 0,3 Watts pa lita imodzi yamadzi.
Kukusonga ndi kukathandizira ndikofunikira, madzi amayenera kukhala oyera ndikutsukidwa ndi mpweya. Sabata iliyonse, muyenera kusintha 20% yamadzi ndikufinya dothi.
Kugwirizana
Ndani amaphatikizana ndi salvini cichlazoma? Kugwirizana kwa nsomba zamtunduwu ndizochepa, monga ma cichlids ena. Salvini siabwino kwambiri kukhala m'madzi wamba. Oyandikana nawo sangakhale nsomba zazing'ono - ma guppies, neons, rappings kapena shrimps. Cichlids ndi nyama zolusa zomwe zimazindikira nyama zonse zazing'ono ngati chakudya.
Ma Cichlid amakhalanso ndi malo omwe akutanthauza kuti amasankha tsamba lawo ndikuwatchinjiriza mwamphamvu ku nsomba zina. Komabe, sakhala ozindikirika ngati mpikisano wamatumba a nsomba ndi agogo. Itha kuphatikiza salvini kwa abale ake - ma cichlids a mizere yakuda, managuan, ofatsa.
Muyenera kuti mumvetsetse kuti nsomba zikakhala zochulukirapo, malo oyambira azikhala ochuluka. Izi zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri pakukula, pomwe awiriwo akuteteza tsamba lawo mosamala. Chiwerengero chochulukirapo, malo osambira komanso chakudya chochuluka amathandizira kuchepetsa mkwiyo.
Kuswana
Momwe mungayambire salvini cichlazoma? Kuberekanso kumayamba nsomba zikafika zaka zapakati pa 10-12. Ngakhale muubwana, awiriawiri amapangidwa. Kutambalala kumatha kuchitika pakubowoka komanso m'madzi ambiri, ngati wina ndi wokwanira.
Pakusiyana, banjali limakhala lokwiya ndipo nthawi yomweyo limachita manyazi. Kupanikizika kwambiri kumatha kubweretsa imfa ya ana ndi makolo. Malo osungirako zinyalala okwanira malita 100 ndi okwanira kungowaza. Pansi pazikhala malo ambiri okhalamo, grottoes. Kubalalika kumapangitsa kuti madzi asinthidwe ndikuwonjezeka kwa madigiri 2-4.
Pamwala wosalala, wamkazi amatenga mazira 500, pomwe m'masiku atatu mphutsi zimatuluka. The mwachangu amadyetsedwa moyo fumbi, brine shrimp nauplii, akanadulidwa tinthu. Mu aquarium yomwe ikukula, kutentha kuyenera kukhala ndendende 26. Makolo amatha kumangidwa. Ngati kutulutsa kumachitika m'madzi wamba, ndiye kuti makolo azisamalira ana.
Salvini cichlazoma ndi nsomba yokongola yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa komanso mtundu wowala. Amafunikira malo okhala ndi malo okhala ndi malo okhala ndi madzi oyera. Mitundu ya motley cichlazoma imawoneka bwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi maziko amiyala ndi masamba obiriwira.
Kukhala mwachilengedwe
Salvini cichlazoma adafotokozedwa koyamba ndi Gunther mu 1862. Amakhala ku Central America, kumwera kwa Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala. Amawabweretsanso ku Texas, Florida.
Salvini cichlomas amakhala m'mitsinje yokhazikika komanso yolimba, amadya tizilombo, invertebrates ndi nsomba.
Mosiyana ndi ma cichlids ena, ma salvins amatha nthawi yawo yambiri akusaka m'malo otsetsereka a mitsinje ndi misonkho, ndipo samachoka pagombe pakati pa miyala ndi snags, monga mitundu ina.
Zovuta pazomwe zili
Salvini tsikhlazoma ikhoza kuvomerezedwa kwa asodzi apamwamba am'madzi, chifukwa ndizovuta kwa oyamba kumene.
Izi ndi nsomba zosanyengerera kwambiri ndipo zimatha kukhala m'madzi ochepa, koma nthawi yomweyo zimakonda kulimbana ndi nsomba zina. Amafunikanso kusintha kwa madzi pafupipafupi ndi chisamaliro choyenera.
Kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi
Cachlazoma wamwamuna samasiyana ndi chachikazi, ndi yokulirapo. Ili ndi ziphuphu zazitali komanso zakuthwa.
Chachikazi chimakhala chocheperako, ndipo chofunikira kwambiri, chimakhala ndi malo amdima pansi pa chivundikiro, chomwe abambo alibe.
Chachikazi (malo owoneka bwino m'matumba)
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Zimatengera nsomba zokongoletsa. Mwachilengedwe, amadya ma invertebrates am'madzi ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Komabe, mu aquarium mudzatenga mitundu yonse yazakudya. Komabe, chakudyacho chimayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi zakudya zokhazokha kapena zachisanu, monga ma magazi am'mimba kapena brine shrimp.
Kukula kwakulu kwa nsomba m'madzi amodzi kapena awiri kumayambira 100 malita. M'mapangidwewo, ndikofunikira kupangira malo achinsinsi angapo komwe Salvini's Cichlazoma amatha kubisala. Gawo limodzi lamchenga. Kukhalapo kwa zomera zam'madzi ndikolandilidwa, koma kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kukhala kochepa komanso kupewa kuchulukana. Nsombazo zimafunikira malo oyamba kusambira.
Kusamalira bwino kumadalira zinthu zingapo, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri monga: kusungitsa malo osungika a madzi ndi pH yoyenera ndi dGH, kukonza kosasinthika kwa aquarium (kuyeretsa) ndikusinthanitsa sabata ndi gawo lamadzi (20-25% ya voliyumu) mwatsopano.
Matenda a nsomba
Cholinga chachikulu cha matenda ambiri ndi malo osayenera komanso chakudya chosakwanira. Ngati zizindikiro zoyambirira zapezeka, muyenera kuwunika magawo am'madzi ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zoopsa (ammonia, nitrites, nitrate, ndi zina), ngati kuli kofunikira, bweretsani zomwezo mwazowonjezera ndipo mukatero pitani ndi chithandizo chamankhwala. Kuti mumve zambiri pazizindikiro ndi chithandizo, onani gawo la Aquarium Fish Diseases.
Kuswana ndi kuswana
Nsomba zimayamba kukhwima p chaka chilichonse. Njira yakulera imatheka pokhapokha pakati pa anthu omwe asankhana wina ndi mnzake paubwana wawo. Kuti muchepetse kufalikira, ndikofunikira:
- pangani theka lamadzi kusintha kangapo pa sabata,
- ikani malo pansipo mu thankiyo pomwe caviar imathamangira,
- ikani malo ambiri obisalamo m'madzi.
Mkazi akaikira mazira, wamwamuna amuthira umuna. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatha masiku atatu, pambuyo pake mwachangu. Masiku asanu ndi awiri oyambayo amadyetsedwa nauplii, kenako chikumbu, chosambitsidwa bwino ndi osadulidwa. Monga mukuwonera, kuweta nsomba ndi njira yosavuta.
Makolo akangoyamba kuwonetsa nkhanza kwa "ana", anawo ayenera kumangidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, zazikazi ndi zazikazi zimakhala pansi kwa masiku angapo kuti zithe kupumulirana. Chachikulu ndichakuti musachedwe kupumula nthawi yotsala, chifukwa anthu amayamba kufooka popanda wokondedwa wawo.
Matenda ndi kupewa kwawo
Salvini cichlomas ali ndi thanzi labwino. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimatithandizira kuti pakhale matenda osiyanasiyana ndi mikhalidwe yosayenera yomangidwa. Kutsatira malamulo onse a chisamaliro ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri yopewera matenda ena. Ngati nsombazo zikuipiraipira, ndikofunika kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa madziwo ndikupitilira chithandizo.