Chikumbutso (nthawi zambiri kwanyanja, lat. Connochaetes) ndi mtundu wa nyama zazikulu zopanda umunthu zomwe zimakhala ku Africa. Woyipa kwambiri wabanja la bovid. Mitundu yamtchire yamtambo imakhala ndi mitundu iwiri - yakuda komanso yamtambo yamtambo.
Kutentha kwambiri kumafikira kutalika kwa 1.15-1.4 m mapewa ndi kulemera kwa thupi kuchokera pa 150 mpaka 250 kg. Amakhala m'mphepete mwa Africa, makamaka Serengeti. Zinyama zamtchire zimatha kukhala ndi moyo woposa zaka 20.
Kusunthika kwakanyengo kwa nyengo yamvula yam'madzi kumadziwika kwambiri, pamene magulu ankhandwe amasamukira kumalo odyetsa kumene, pomwe mvula ikadzayamba chakudya chawo chachikulu - udzu wochepa. Nyengo za kusamuka kwakukulu kwambiri ndi Meyi ndi Novembala, mu Meyi 1.5 miliyoni nyama zimasamukira kumapululu kupita ku nkhalango, ndipo mu Novembala, nyengo yamvula ikabweranso.
Nthawi yakukhwima nthawi zambiri imakhala milungu itatu. Kubala sikumangokhala kokha munthawi yanyengo ya chaka. Mimba imatenga pafupifupi miyezi 8.5, zinyalala chimodzi, kawirikawiri ana awiri. Pazaka sabata limodzi, ana ake amayamba kudya udzu, nthawi ya mkaka wa m'mawere ndi miyezi 7-8.
Zinyama zamtchire ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri m'zidikha, popeza chimbudzi chawo chimalowa m'nthaka. Wildebeest ndi gwero lofunika la chakudya. Komabe, iwowo ndi odziwika bwino chifukwa cha kuwonongeka komwe amachititsa nthawi yomwe amathawa. Nthawi zambiri nyama zamtchire zimathamanga m khola la nyama 500 mwachangu 55 km / h kwa theka la ola.
Mawonekedwe
Mawonekedwe a nyamazo ndi achilendo kwambiri; sizowoneka kuti ali okhaokha chifukwa cha maluwe a ng'ombe. Poyamba kuyang'ana kunyanjaku amapereka chithunzi cha ng'ombe: kukula kwakukulu (kutalika kufota kungafikire masentimita 140, ndi kulemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 200-250), mutu waukulu wokhala ndi mphuno yolemera komanso yofupika, yolimba yolimba ndikuti tili ndi nyanga yayikulu ng'ombe. Koma miyendo yopyapyala, yotalika komanso kamtondo kamtondo wofulumira kumawonetsa kuti tikuyang'anizana ndi antelope.
Pali zopusa zina zambiri pakuwoneka ngati nyansi: pamphepete mwa phokoso ndi khosi imakhala ndi kuyimitsidwa kwakadali tsitsi ngati mbuzi zam'mapiri, pamphepete mwa khosi pamakhala kaso ngati kavalo, mchira wowonda wokhala ndi gulu lalitali kumapeto ngati bulu, komanso mawu yofanana ndi yamphepo ndi yammphuno ya ng'ombe. Zikuwoneka kuti fanizo ili adalitenga kuchokera pazosankha za nyama zosiyanasiyana. Utoto wamtambo wabuluu wamtambo wakuda wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yosawoneka bwino pathupi. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi mtundu wamtchire wokhala ndi ndevu zoyera womwe tsitsi lake pakhosi ndi loyera. Thambo loyera-loyera lili pafupifupi lakuda ndi mchira woyera komanso wamtchire; kunja kwake, mtunduwu ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi kavalo wokhala ndi nyanga.
Mitundu ya Antelope
Kugawikana kwa antelopes sikosasintha ndipo pakalipano pali mabanja akuluakulu 7, omwe amaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri yosangalatsa:
- Chikumbutso kapena chikumbutso (lat.Connochaetes)- Antelope waku Africa, ndi mtundu wa nyama za artiodactyl za Bubal subfamily, kuphatikiza mitundu iwiri: yakuda ndi yamtambo yamtambo.
- Zonyansa zakudaiye yoyera yoyera kapena wamba waufupi (lat.Connochaetes gnou)- Chimodzi mwazinthu zazing'ono kwambiri za antelope aku Africa. Antelope amakhala ku South Africa. Kukula kwa abambo kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 111 mpaka 121, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kumafika pamtunda wamamita awiri ndi kulemera kwa 160 mpaka 270 kg, ndipo zazimayi ndizochepa kwambiri kukula kwa amuna. Zithunzi za amuna ndi akazi zimakhala zofiirira kapena zakuda, zazikazi ndizopepuka kuposa zazimuna, ndipo michira ya nyama imakhala yoyera nthawi zonse.
- Blue Wildebeest (lat.Connochaetes taurinus)zokulirapo pang'ono kuposa zakuda. Kukula kwapakati pa antelopes ndi 115-145 cm ndi kulemera kwa 168 mpaka 274 kg. Zinyama zamtundu wa buluu zidatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha mtundu wamtambo wamtambo wonyezimira, komanso mikwingwirima yakuda, ngati zebra, yomwe ili kumbali za nyama. Mchira ndi manewa a antelopes ndi wakuda, nyanga za-ng'ombe, imvi kapena zakuda. Mtondo wamtambo umadziwika ndi zakudya zomwe zimasankha kwambiri: antelope amadya zitsamba zamtundu wina, chifukwa chake amakakamizidwa kusamukira kumadera komwe kumagwa mvula komanso chakudya chofunikira chikakula.
- Nyala kapena clear nyala (lat.Tragelaphus angasii) -African nyanga antelope kuchokera ku subfamily bovine ndi genus m'nthambi. Kukula kwa nyama ndi pafupifupi 110 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kumafika masentimita 140. Amuna a Nyala ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa zazikazi. Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa amuna ndi akazi: Amuna okhala ndi imvi amavala nyanga zopindika zokhala ndi nsonga zoyera 60 mpaka 83 cm, ali ndi chingwe chodumphira kumbuyo, komanso tsitsi lakuthwa likulendewera kutsogolo kwa khosi kukafika pang'onopang'ono. Akazi a Nyala alibe nyanga ndipo amadziwika ndi mtundu wofiirira. Mwa amuna ndi akazi onse, mpaka 18 mizere yoyera ya utoto woyera imawoneka bwino pambali.
- Maonedwe okhudzana - phiri nyala (lat.tragelaphus buxtoni), yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lalikulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi nyala. Kutalika kwa thupi la chithokomiro cha m'mapiri ndi ma 150-180 masentimita, kutalika kwake kufota pafupifupi mita 1, nyanga zaimuna zimafikira 1 mita kutalika. Kulemera kwa antelope kumasiyana pakati pa 150 ndi 300 kg. Mitunduyi imangokhala kumadera akumapiri a Ethiopian Highlands ndi East African Rift Valley.
- Mawonekedwe ahatchiiye roan hatchi antelope (lat.Hippotragus equinus)- Woyimira nyanga wa mu Africa wochotsa nyanga, m'modzi mwa oyimira mabanja akulu kwambiri otalika pafupifupi 1.6 m ndi kulemera kwa thupi mpaka 300 kg. Kutalika kwa thupilo ndi masentimita 227- 288. Potengera mawonekedwe ake, nyamayo imafanana ndi kavalo. Chovala cholimba cha tchire chahatchi chimakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni ndi tint yofiyira, ndipo chovala chakuda ndi choyera "cholochedwa" pankhope. Mitu ya amuna ndi akazi imakhala yokongoletsedwa ndi makutu ataliitali okhala ndi zingwe kumalangizo ndi nyanga zopindika zolunjika kumbuyoko.
- Bongo (lat.Tragelaphus eurycerus)- Mtundu wosowa wa anyani aku Africa omwe adalembedwa ku International Red Book. Nyama zamtunduwu ndi zam'madzi am'madzi am'madzi komanso mitundu ya anyani amtchire. Bongos ndi nyama zazikulu: kutalika kufota kwa okhwima kumafika 1-1.3 m, ndipo kulemera kuli pafupifupi 200 kg. Oimira mitunduyi amadziwika ndi mtundu wofiyira, wofiira kwambiri, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera mbali zawo, zisumbu za ubweya woyera pamiyendo yawo komanso malo oyera oyera pamsana.
- Chingwe cha nyanga zinayi (lat.Tetracerus quadricornis)- antelope wachilendo waku Asia komanso woimira yekha wa bovid, yemwe mutu wake umakongoletsedwa osati ndi 2, koma ndi nyanga 4. Kukula kwa anyaniwa ndi pafupifupi 55-54 cm ndi kulemera kwa thupi kosaposa 22 kg. Thupi la nyama limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lofiirira, lomwe limasiyanitsidwa ndi mimba yoyera. Amuna okha ndi omwe amapatsidwa nyanga: mbali yakutsogolo ya nyanga sizimafika 4 cm, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yosawoneka, nyanga zakumbuyo zimakula mpaka 10 cm. Mbawala ya nyanga zinayi imadyera pa udzu ndipo imakhala m'nkhalango ya India ndi Nepal.
- Cow anelopeiye Congongi, wopepera kapena wamba bubal (lat.Alcelaphus buselaphus)- Ichi ndi fanizo laku Africa kuchokera ku Bubal subfamily. Colonis ndi nyama zazikulu zakutalika pafupifupi 1,3 m ndi kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 2 m. Khola la ng'ombe limalemera pafupifupi 200 kg. Kutengera ndi subspecies, mtundu wa ubweya wa Kongoni umasiyana kuchokera ku imvi kuwala mpaka bulawuni wakuda, mawonekedwe akuda amawoneka pamizere, ndipo zilembo zakuda zimakhala pamiyendo. Nyanga zapamwamba mpaka 70 cm zazitali zimavalidwa ndi amuna ndi akazi onse; mawonekedwe awo ndi mwezi wozungulira, wopindika mbali ndi m'mwamba.
- Black Antelope (lat.Hippotragus niger) - Antelope aku Africa, omwe ndi amtundu wofanana ndi antelope, banja la antelope wokhala ndi nyanga. Kukula kwa mbozi yakuda ndi pafupifupi masentimita 130 ndi kulemera kwa thupi mpaka 230 makilogalamu. Amuna akuluakulu amadziwika ndi mtundu wakuda wamtambo wakuda, womwe umasiyanitsidwa bwino ndi mimba yoyera. Amuna ndi akazi achichepere amakhala ndi njerwa kapena mtundu wa bulauni. Nyanga, zopindika kumbuyo ndi masikono ndipo zimakhala ndi mphete zambiri, zimakhala ndi amuna ndi akazi.
- Kanna ali canna wamba (lat. Taurotragus oryx)- woyamba wamkulu padziko lapansi. Kunja, canna imawoneka ngati ng'ombe, yocheperako kwambiri, ndipo miyeso ya nyamayo ndi yosangalatsa: kutalika kwake kufota kwa akuluakulu ndi 1.5, kutalika kwa thupi kumafikira mamita 2-3, ndipo kulemera kwa thupi kumatha kukhala 500 mpaka 1000 kg. Canna wamba amakhala ndi chovala chakuda chofiirira, chomwe chimakhala cha imvi m'maso ndi mapewa. Amphongo amadziwika ndi zikutilo za pakhungu komanso tsitsi lowoneka bwino pamphumi. Mbali zapadera za chithunzicho ndi kuchokera kumizere 2 mpaka 15 yakutsogolo kutsogolo kwa thunthu, mapewa akuluakulu ndi nyanga zolunjika zowoneka bwino zomwe zimakongoletsa zazimuna ndi zazikazi.
- Chithokomiroiye mbalame yazing'ono (lat Neotragus pygmaeus) - zazing'onong'ono zazing'ono, ndi zamtundu weniweni wa anyani enieni. Kukula kwa chiweto cha munthu wamkulu kumafikira 20-25 cm (kawirikawiri 30 cm) wokhala ndi thupi lolemera 1.5 mpaka 3.6 kg. Mwana wakhanda wobadwa kumene amakhala wolemera pafupifupi 300 g ndipo amatha kulowa m'manja mwa munthu. Zingwe za kumbuyo za antelope ndizitali kwambiri kuposa kutsogolo, chifukwa cha nkhawa nyama zimatha kudumpha mpaka 2.5m kutalika. Mbawala yocheperako imadyera masamba ndi zipatso.
- Gazelle wamba (lat.Gazella gazella)- chinyama chochokera kumitundu yofanizira yeniyeni. Kutalika kwa thupi la gazelle kumasiyana kuchokera pa 98-115 cm, kulemera - kuchokera pa 16 mpaka 29,5 kg. Zachikazi ndi zopepuka kuposa zazimuna ndipo zazing'ono kutalika kwa 10 cm. Thupi la gazi wamba ndi loonda, khosi ndi miyendo ndizitali, kaphokoso kam'miyendo kamene kali ndi mchira wa 8-13 cm. Masentimita 121. Chodziwika bwino cha mtunduwu ndi mikwingwirima yoyera pamphuno yomwe imakuluka molunjika kuchokera ku nyanga mpaka maso mpaka mphuno ya nyama.
- Impala kapena antelope wamaso wakuda (lat.Aepyceros melampus). Kutalika kwa nthumwi za oimira zamtunduwu kumasiyana kuchokera pa 120-160 masentimita ndi kutalika kufota kwa 75-95 cm ndi kulemera kwa 40 mpaka 80 kg. Amuna amavala nyanga zooneka ngati maimre, kutalika kwake kumakonda kupitirira masentimita 90. Mtundu wa chovalacho ndi wofiirira, ndipo mbali zake ndizowwala pang'ono. Mimba, malo pachifuwa, komanso khosi ndi chifuwa ndizoyera. Pamiyendo yakumanzere mbali zonse ziwiri pali mikwaso yakuda yowala, ndipo pamwamba pa ziboda pali tinthu tating'ono takuda. Zovala zosiyanasiyana zimapezeka ku Kenya, Uganda, kufikira ku South Africa ndi dera la Botswana.
- Saiga kapena saiga (lat.Saiga tatarica) - chinyama chochokera kumitundu yofanizira yeniyeni. Kutalika kwa thupi la saiga kumayambira 110 mpaka 146 masentimita, kulemera kwake kuchokera pa 23 mpaka 40 makilogalamu, kutalika kwake kufota ndi 60-80 cm. Thupi limakhala ndi mawonekedwe, miyendo yake ndi yopyapyala komanso yochepa. Zonyamulira zokhala ndi nyanga zoyera ngati zachikasu ndimamuna okha. Chizindikiro cha mawonekedwe a saigas ndi mphuno: imawoneka ngati mtengo wofewa wofewa wokhala ndi mphuno yayikulu kwambiri ndipo imapatsa chiuno cha nyama.
- Zebra Duker (lat.Cephalophus zebra)- mayi wanyamayi wochokera kubungwe lautchire. Kutalika kwa thupi la duker ndi 70-90 masentimita ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 9 mpaka 20 ndipo kutalika kufota masentimita 40-50. Thupi la nyamayo ndi squat, yokhala ndi minofu yolimba bwino komanso yoluka kumbuyo. Miyendo yake ndiyifupi koma yopindika pakati. Amuna ndi akazi onse ali ndi nyanga zazifupi. Ubweya wa mbawala yambuzi imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wowala wa lalanje, mawonekedwe a "zebra" a mikwaso yakuda amaonekera bwino mthupi - manambala awo amasiyanasiyana kuyambira zidutswa 12 mpaka 15.
- Jeyran (lat.Gazella subgutturosa)- Nyama yochokera ku ma gazelles amtundu, banja la ma bovid. Kutalika kwa thupi la khwangwala kumachokera ku masentimita 93 mpaka 116 ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 18 mpaka 33 ndipo kutalika kwake kumakhala kufalikira kwa masentimita 60 mpaka 75. Kumbuyo ndi mmbali mwa galeli amapentedwa mumchenga, m'mimba, khosi komanso miyendo ndiyoyera mkati. Nsonga ya mchira nthawi zonse imakhala yakuda. Mwa nyama zazing'ono, mawonekedwe pankhope amatchulidwa momveka bwino: amayimiriridwa ndi malo a bulauni m'mphuno ndi mikwingwirima yakuda kuchokera kumaso mpaka kumakona amkamwa.
Habitat ndi moyo
Zinyama zamtchire zimakhala m'matumba aku Africa. Amasankha malowa ndi udzu wambiri. Ngati gulu limodzi lakhala gawo linalake, ndiye kuti enawo sanamvere. Ndikosavuta kuyerekezera zakudya za antelope zopanda mitundu yambiri ya zitsamba. Nyengo ya ku Africa ndiyachilendo, ndipo nyengo pano ikusintha. Pofuna kuti asafe ndi njala, anyaniwa amakakamizidwa kusintha malo omwe amakhala kangapo pachaka. Ma Antelope sakhala m'matumba akulu, amatha kugawidwa m'magawo ambiri. Wildebeest amakhala munyumba yaying'ono. Awiri kapena atatu okha akhala okwanira.
Poyang'ana koyamba, anyani amaoneka ngati nyama zoyipa, koma nthawi yomweyo sizikhala zoopsa kwa nyama zina. M'malo mwake, iwonso ali ndi adani ambiri. Pali adani ambiri omwe amasangalala kufuna kudya nawo. Antelopes alibe mphamvu pamaso pa mikango ndi ng'ona. Nyama zotere zimafunika nyama yambiri kuti zikhale ndi moyo. Mkango womwewo ndi wovuta kwambiri kusaka nyama zina zofanana, motero zimasaka anyani. Monga tafotokozera, amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, choncho palibe wowateteza.
Lero kulibe maunyolo ambiri omwe atsalira. Chowonadi chakuti ndiye chakudya chachikulu cha nyama zina mdera lawo ndichosiyana ndi chifukwa chokha. Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, kusaka nyama zamtchire kunali kotchuka kwambiri. Inali nthawi imeneyi pomwe iwo anali pafupi kufa ndi manja a anthu.
Khalidwe
Chikhalidwe cha zonyansa ndi chodabwitsa. Kwenikweni, zimawoneka ngati ng'ombe wamba zamtendere, koma nthawi zina zimagwidwa ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa, nyama zikagunda modzidzimutsa, kudumpha malo amodzi, kapena zimatha khwimbi m'mphindikati imodzi kutuluka m'malo momangika ndi gulu lonse. Ndipo zonsezi zimachitika popanda chifukwa. Ziweto zamtchire zimakhala zazifupi koma nthawi zambiri zimatsutsa zitsamba zazing'ono pafupi.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Wanyama wamtchire amadya zitsamba zamtundu wina. Chifukwa chake, m'malo ambiri a khosalo, nyama zamtchire zimayenda mosadukiza, zimasamukira kawiri pachaka kumene kunagwa mvula ndipo pamakhala mbewu zabwino zakudya. Mphezi yosamukira, yosanjidwa ndi maunyolo osalekeza kuchokera kumtunda kupita kumtunda kapena ndi magulu osawerengeka omwazikana kudutsa tsambalo, ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa ndi apadera. M'malo oyipidwa mwachilengedwe, monga m'chigwa cha Ngorongoro, nyama zam'madzi sizisamuka, koma zimangosuntha masana kuchokera kumalo otsetsereka kupita kumalo otsika komwe malo othirira amagona. Pamadzi, nyama zimapuma kwa nthawi yayitali, zimagudubuza kumbuyo kwawo, ngati mahatchi, zimasewera.
Kusamukira kwa Antelope
Chinyama cholusa kwambiri. Koma sindiye izi zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti asamuke, koma mvula yomwe madzi amasunthira. Ma Antelopes ndi herbivorous ndipo sangathe kukhala kumadera komwe kulibe mvula, komwe kulibe chakudya chochepa, motero amasunthira kumadera atsopano. Mu Julayi, amasamuka ku Serengeti reserti kupita kumalo ena, ndipo patapita kanthawi - kubwerera.
Pa ulendowu, nyama zofowoka ndi zodwala zimachotsedwa, zomwe zimagwera pambuyo pa gulu la ziweto kapena kugwera m'manja mwa adani. Kusuntha kwamtchire kumachitika koyamba kuchokera kumwera kupita kumpoto, kenako kumbali ina. Nsonga zake zimadutsa mumtsinje wa Mara. Komanso, nyama zimangonyamulidwa nthawi yomweyo. Alendo ambiri amapita kukawona kusuntha kwa anyani (ndipo mawonekedwewo ndi abwino komanso osangalatsa) chaka chilichonse. Kuyenda kwa nyama kumawonedwa kuchokera kumwamba (kuchokera ku balloon) kapena kuchokera kumagalimoto okhala ndi zida zapadera zopangira maulendo obwereza.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Chipululu cha zonyansa chimayamba mu Epulo ndipo chimatha miyezi itatu, mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June. Iyi ndi nthawi yomwe abambo amakonzekera masewera a mating ndi nkhondo kuti akhale umwini. Asanayambe kupha munthu ndi kukhetsa magazi, sifika. Amuna achichepere amadziguguda pachifuwa, akugwada wina ndi mnzake. Yemwe wapambana alandila akazi aikazi khumi ndi anayi mu zonse zomwe ali nazo. Iwo omwe ataya amakakamizidwa kuti azikhala okha kapena amodzi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mawonekedwe osangalatsa a ziweto zosamukira kapena zosasamuka. M'magulu osamukira mumakhala amuna ndi akazi komanso azaka zonse.Ndipo m'malo amenewo omwe amakhala ndi moyo wakhazikika, zazikazi zazimuna zimadya msanga kwa chaka chimodzi. Ndipo amunawo amapanga magulu awo obwerera, kuwasiya kutha msambo ndikuyesera kupeza gawo lawolawo.
Zinyama zamtchire zimatha kupitirira miyezi isanu ndi itatu, ndipo chifukwa chake ana amabadwa nthawi yozizira - mu Januware kapena Febere, nthawi yamvula ikayamba, ndiye kuti palibe chakudya.
Udzu watsopano sukula popanda kutumphuka ndi malire, monga ana ang'ombe ongobadwa kumene. Ali ndi mphindi 20-30 atabadwa, ana osakhalitsa amawimirira pamiyendo yawo, ndipo atatha ola limodzi amathamanga mosangalala.
Monga lamulo, antelope imodzi imabereka mwana wa ng'ombe mmodzi, ochepera - awiri. Amadyetsa mkaka mpaka miyezi isanu ndi itatu, ngakhale ana amayamba kutsanulira udzu molawirira kwambiri. Mwana amakhala m'manja mwa mayi miyezi iwiri yotsatira atangochotsa mkaka, ndiye pokhapokha amayamba kudzidalira. Amayamba kukhwima pofika zaka 4.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mwa ana atatu ang'onoang'ono atsopano a Wildebeest, m'modzi yekhayo amatsala ndi chaka chimodzi. Enawo amakhala ovutitsidwa ndi adani.
Mdani wa anyani
Adani akuluakulu a anyaniwa ndi ziphuphu, mikango, ng'ona, mimbulu, akambuku ndi anyalugwe. Nyama zambiri zimafa nthawi yosamukira. Kusankhidwa kwachilengedwe kumachitika. Wofatsa ndi wodwala atatsalira kumbuyo kwa gulu la ziwetozo ndikuyamba kukhala zosavuta kwa adani. Ndipo mukuwoloka mitsinje, ng'ona sizimawombana nthawi yomweyo, koma dikirani mpaka magulu awolowere mbali inayo. Kenako amatsutsana ndi masamba ambiri. Ma antelope ambiri, omwe ali kutsogolo, amangoponderezedwa ndi abale kukankhira kumbuyo. Ndipo mitembo yambiri yazinyama imakhalabe m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Zotsalazo zimadyedwa mwachangu ndi mingulu ndi ziphuphu. Komabe, momwemonso antelope sangathe kutchedwa osateteza. Khola lomwe likugogoda mwamphamvu limathanso kubwezeretsa ku mikango. Omwe amayesera kuwukiranso nyama zofowoka zokha. Nthawi zina zilombo zolusa zimayesa kuthamangitsa gulu lochepa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
M'zaka za m'ma 1800, a Wildebeest anali atasakidwa mokwanira ndi anthu onse am'deralo ndi a Colonel Boers, omwe amadyetsa ziweto zawo ndi nyama chifukwa cha awa. Chiwonongeko chachikulu chinatenga zaka zopitilira zana. Anazindikira kokha mu 1870, pomwe kunalibe anthu oposa 600 a Wildebeest amoyo ku Africa.
Kupulumutsidwa kwa mitundu yomwe ili pangozi ya anyaniwa kunachitika nawo mafunde achiwiri a Boer. Adapanga magawo otetezedwa kwa otsalawo omwe anali otsala kwambiri. Pang'onopang'ono, kuchuluka kwa nsana za buluu kunabwezeretsedwanso, koma mitundu yoyera-yoyera imatha kupezeka lero m'masungidwe okha.
Zambiri zosangalatsa za fanizo
- Chosangalatsa china chachilengedwe cham'madzi chimakhala chinsinsi kwa asayansi. Gulu la nyama zodyera modekha mwadzidzidzi, popanda chifukwa, limayamba kuvina kwamisala, kupanga kulumpha kwakukulu ndi nyambo kuchokera pamenepo, komanso kumenya ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo. Pakupita mphindi, "likhweru" limakhalanso modzidzimutsa, ndipo nyamazo zimapitilirabe kusetcha udzu, ngati kuti palibe chomwe chidachitika.
- Kuphatikiza pa chovala chachikulu, antelopes (Latin Oreotragus oreotragus) amakhala ndi tsitsi lopanda khungu lomwe limalumikizidwa momasuka pakhungu.
- M'mitundu ina ya anyani, khosi lalitali komanso lopindika la zolumikizana zachikazi zimaloleza nyama kuti iziyime ndi miyendo yakumbuyo, ndikutsamira kutsogolo kwa thunthu la mitengo, kufikira nthambi zamitengo, ngati milalang'amba.
- Zinyama zamtchire ndi nyama zosakhazikika. Poganiza kuti ali ndi kontinenti yonse yomwe ali nayo, amasamukira kumadera osiyanasiyana chaka chonse: m'mwezi wa May amachoka m'mapululu kupita kunkhalango, ndipo mu Novembara kubwerera.
- Amamwa kwambiri ndikukonda kupumula pafupi ndi madzi. Ngati kulibe zilombo zolusa pafupi ndi dzenje la kuthirira, a Wildebeest amasangalala mumatope ndikusewera, ndikusangalala ndi kuzizira.
- Zinyama zamtchire zimakhala ndi adani ambiri: mikango ndi agalu onga amoyo amatha kugwira nyama yakale, pomwe nyalugwe ndi nyama zimadyera ana. Amachita izi usiku, pamene antelope amakhala ndi nkhawa, monga masana mayi sadzakhumudwitsa mwana wake.
- Mpikisano umayamba mu Epulo ndipo umatha mpaka pakati pa chilimwe. Munthawi imeneyi, anyani amenyera nkhondo kuti akhale ndi akazi. Opambana omwe amatha kupambana azimayi 10-12, pomwe opikisana nawo amakhala okhutira ndi awiri kapena atatu.
- Mu febru-Marichi, ana ang'ono ang'ono, omwe anali ndi ubweya wa bulauni. Gulu lonse la ng'ombe likuthamanga kukapereka moni kwa munthu wam'banjali ndipo mayiyo ayenera kuletsa abale awo achikondi, apo ayi angopondaponda mwana wakhanda.
Mverani mawu a zonyanja
Ngakhale pali kukula kwabwino kwamnyanja zamtchire ndizosakhazikika. Kusamukira kwanyama kumachitika mosalekeza chaka chonse. M'mwezi wa Meyi, amachoka kunkhalangoko kumapeto, ndipo kumapeto, kwinaku November, abwerera kunkhalangoko. Ngakhale masana, anthambo zimasuntha kuchokera m'malo odyetsa, omwe amakhala pamtsetse wamapiri, kupita kuthilira komwe kumapazi kwake. Khalidwe la nyama lotere limawonedwa mu Ngorongoro Crater, pomwe pali zolepheretsa zachilengedwe zambiri ndipo malowa ndiwokhomedwa ngati kuti ndi mbali zonse.
Chinyama chakumaso ndi njovu.
Koma kupanda chilungamo kwa Gnu kumafotokozedwa mophweka. Pazakudya, ndizabwino kwambiri ndipo zimangodya udzu wamtundu wina. Izi zimawapangitsa kuti ayende masiku ambiri kumapeto kwa chakudya chokoma ndi chokondedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, antelopes ndi magulu akuluakulu ndipo amakonda kupumula pafupi ndi dzenje lakuthirira. Zinyama zamtchire zosangalatsa zimagona m'matope ndikuyenda m'madzi, kusangalala ndi kuzizira komanso kupatsa moyo. Koma nthawi yomweyo mwamphamvu penyani maonekedwe a adani awo.
Nkhondo yankhondo.
Zidyamakanda zambiri zimadyera zonyansa. Awa ndi mikango, agalu ndi agalu a hyenoid. Onse amakonda kudya nyama yokalamba ndi mafuta a nyama zachikulire. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amawukira masana. Koma mafisi ndi nyalugwe samasamala kudya ana, ndipo nthawi zonse amasaka usiku. Usiku, nyama yamtchire imakhala yosatetezeka ndipo imagwa kwamantha. Masana, zilombo zolusa sizikhala pachiwopsezo, nthawi zonse wamkazi amateteza mwana wake.
Zinyama zamtchire ndi nyama yomwe imakonda kwambiri nyalugwe, mikango ndi ziphuphu.
Chapakatikati, nyumbu zimayamba. Kuyambira Epulo mpaka pakati pa chilimwe, wamwamuna aliyense amayesa kupambana akazi ambiri momwe angathere. Amphongo amphamvu komanso opambana kwambiri ali ndi akazi a 10-15, ochepa akazi ochepa. Olephera amakhutira ndi akazi 1-3.
Fisi kutsatira gulu lanyansi.
Ng'ombe zazing'ono zimawonekera mu February - Marichi. Amabadwa ovala ubweya wofewa, wamtundu wokongola wa bulauni. Wildebeest amakhala ndi chizolowezi chokomera mwana wa ng'ombe wakhanda wobadwa kumene, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti abale achikondi amangophwanya mwana wa ng'ombeyo. Chifukwa chake, mayi amateteza mwachangu akhanda kwa abale.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.