Wophatikiza Western (Eryx jaculus) - njoka yochokera ku banja la ma pseudopods, subfamily of sand boas. Njoka yayikulu pakati. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi mchira mu akazi kumafika 87 cm, amuna ndi ochepa. Mchirawo ndi waufupi, 40-60 mm kutalika, wozungulira bwino. Mutu umakhala wonyezimira, wosakhudzidwa ndi thupi, wokutidwa pamwamba ndi zikopa zing'onozing'ono zokhala ngati mawonekedwe. Mphumi ndi kumtunda kwa muzzle ndizowoneka mwanjira ina. Maso amatembenuzika mbali. Masikelo ndi osalala, pafupi ndi mchira womwe umakhala ndi nthiti. Chishango cha anal ndi chimodzi ndipo kumbali zake ndi zokhazikika za miyendo yakumbuyo. Mbali yakumwamba ya thupi imasiyanasiyana kuyambira phulusa lakuda mpaka t. Malo akuda kapena akuda amapezeka mumizere umodzi kapena awiri kumbuyo. Zidutswa zazing'ono zakuda zimapangidwa m'mizere m'mbali mwa thupi. Mutu ndi mtundu umodzi, nthawi zina wokhala ndi madontho amdima. Kunja kwa thupi kumawala ndi mawanga amdima. Mimba ya njoka zazing'ono ndi zapinki.
Habitat
Mitunduyi imapezeka kumwera kwa Europe ku Balkan Peninsula, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Africa, kumpoto kwa Arabia Arabia, Asia Asia, Syria, Iran, Iraq, ndi Palestine. Mkati mwa Caucasus amadziwika kumwera kwa Armenia, kum'mawa kwa Georgia, Azerbaijan. Amadziwika kuchokera kuchilumba cha Nargin mu Nyanja ya Caspian pafupi ndi Baku.
Gawo la Russia limapezeka ku Dagestan, Chechnya, kumwera kwa Stavropol Territory. Kupezeka kwakutali kumadziwika m'dera loyandikira Grozny, mudzi wa Starogladkovskaya ku Chechnya, Karanogai ndi Malaya Areshevka ku Dagestan komanso dera la kumwera kwa Ergeni ku Kalmykia komanso kumwera kwa Kalmykia m'mapepala a Manzhekina ndi Dzhezhekiny.
Imakhala m'malo owuma mapesi ndi zipululu zouma, njoka zimatsatira dongo ndi miyala yamiyala, yomwe imapezeka kwambiri pamchenga wosakhazikika, m'minda yamphesa ndi m'minda ya zipatso. Imapezeka nthawi zambiri ku Caucasus m'zigwa za m'mphepete mwa mitsinje; m'mapiri, imakhala pamalo okwera mpaka 1500 mpaka 1700 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Kudutsa konse, mtunduwu umakhala malo owuma.
Zopatsa Thanzi ndi Kubereka
Imadyera m'magulu ang'onoang'ono osiyanasiyana: makoswe, abuluzi, mbalame. Pambuyo pa nthawi yachisanu, njoka zimayamba kugwira ntchito mu Marichi-Epulo, ndipo zimapitilira mpaka Okutobala. Amuna oyamba amawonekera, atatha masiku 10-15 - zazikazi. Matching amabwerezedwa kangapo. Kutalika kwa mimba ndi pafupifupi miyezi isanu. Mu Ogasiti-Seputembala, zazikazi zimabereka ana 4-20 ma 12-15 cm.
Amakhala moyo wachinsinsi. Njoka nthawi zambiri zimabisala pansi pamiyala, ndikupanga mumchenga, m'makola a mbalame ndi mbalame. Imasaka usiku kapena madzulo.
Zolemba
- ↑ 12Systematics ndi ma syonymy (Chingerezi). BioLib.cz. Zabwezedwa Januware 11, 2011.
- ↑Ananyeva N. B., Borkin L. Ya., Darevsky I. S., Orlov N. L. Mtanthauzira wamagulu awiri wa mayina a nyama. Amphibians ndi zilombo. Latin, Russian, English, Germany, French. / kusinthidwa ndi Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M: Rus. Yaz., 1988 .-- S. 275 .-- 10 500 makopi. - ISBN 5-200-00232-X
Malingaliro
Western Western
patsamba la IPEE RAS
- Zinyama za Vertebrate ku Russia: Western constorateor (rus.). sevin.ru. Zosungidwa kuyambira zoyamba pa Epulo 16, 2012.Zabwezedwa Januware 11, 2011.
- Mbiri Yotsatsa: Eryx jaculus (eng.)
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Kodi wakumphatikiza kumadzulo amakhala kuti?
Njoka iyi idakhala ndi dzina chifukwa chakuti mndandanda wake umapezeka kumadzulo kwenikweni kwa mtundu wonsewo. Oyendayenda azungu amakhala ku Asia Minor, Caucasus, Middle East ndi Peninsula ya Balkan. M'dziko lathu, adapeza mbiri kuchokera ku Eastern Ciscaucasia. Njoka izi zimakhalanso ku North Africa.
Njoka izi sizingogwiritsa ntchito zingwe za nyama zina, komanso kudziyika m'manda.
Kukhazikika kwa maiko a kumadzulo ndi dothi lakuthwa (miyala kapena dongo). M'mapiri amakhala m'malo okwera mpaka 1700 metres. Imapezeka paminda yolimidwa: minda ya mpesa, minda ndi minda yazipatso. Kuphatikiza apo, amapezeka pamchenga wokhazikika.
Maulendo azungulira kumadzulo amapeza miyala pansi pa miyala ikuluikulu, pomwe pamakhala njira zoyendetsedwa ndi tizilombo kapena makoswe. Njoka izi sizingogwiritsa ntchito zingwe za nyama zina, komanso kudziyika m'manda.
Oyendayenda akumadzulo amenya nyama zomwe zingwe zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
M'chilimwe, amakhala otakataka usiku komanso nthawi yamadzulo. Zimasaka nyama zomwe zikukhala m'mabowo ndipo zimawadabwitsa.
Kodi amakhala kuti?
Ku Russia, dera lakumadzulo limapezeka ku Eastern Ciscaucasia, Chechnya, kum'mwera kwa Stavropol Territory. Kunja kwa Russian Federation, izi zapamwamba zimakhala ku Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Syria, Iran, kumpoto kwa Arabian Peninsula komanso kumadera ena a Africa. Malo okondweretsa akumadzulo aang'ono ndi mapiri ndi zipululu. Ku Caucasus, zimapezeka m'malo otentha kwambiri, monga zigwa za mitsinje, minda ya zipatso kapena minda ya mpesa. Akalipentala amakonda malo owuma. M'mapiri, malo okhala oyimilira amtunduwu ndi 1700 m pamwamba pa nyanja.
Zizindikiro zakunja
Kutalika kwa thupi lakumadzulo kumafikira masentimita 80. Ili ndi thupi lowonda ndi mchira wamfupi kwambiri wokhala ndi malekezero osamveka. Mutu wa nyama yosungiramo nyama siunapangidwe thupi, wokutidwa ndi alonda owumbika mosiyanasiyana, kumtunda kwake, ngati pamphumi, kuli mawonekedwe pang'ono.
Maso ali pamphepete mwa mutu, omwe amathandizira kusiyanitsa gawo lakumadzulo kuchokera ku nyama yolumikizana nayo - gawo la mchenga, momwe maso ali pamwamba ndi oyandikana. Izi zodziwika bwino zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu. Kumbuyo kumatha kupakidwa utoto wonyezimira, wa bulauni, wachikasu kapena wofiyira. Malo ambiri amawaphimba. Kachingwe kakang'ono kamdima kamayambira kuchokera kumaso mpaka pakona pakamwa. Thupi lotsika limakhala lopepuka, nthawi zina limakhala lachikasu.
Mabwana achichepere ndiosavuta kuzindikira ndi mtundu wowala wa pinki wamimba. Ngati mutayang'anitsitsa mbali yakumunsi ya thupi, ndiye kumbali yachitetezo chokhacho mutha kuwona kuyambika kwa miyendo yakumbuyo.
Moyo
Wophatikiza kumadzulo ndi cholengedwa chachinsinsi komanso chodabwitsa. Nthawi zambiri amabisala pansi pamiyala, mabowo kapena kukhazikika m'miyala yomayidwa yamiyendo. Ngati kulibe malo okhala abwino, oyendayenda amangolowa pansi panthaka yabwino. Chifukwa cha kutentha, nyama zapamadzi zimangosiyira pogona usiku wokha kapena usiku. Kukumana ndi wachigawo chakumadzulo masana ndizopambana. Misonkhano yotere imakhala yothekera kwambiri nthawi yayitali kuposa nthawi ina iliyonse pachaka. Pafupifupi mwezi uliwonse mpaka miyezi iwiri, anthu akuluakulu amapeza njoka. Kwa achinyamata, kusungunuka kuli ponseponse.
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, nthawi zambiri m'mwezi wa Marichi - Epulo, amuna ndi oyamba kudzutsidwa ku dzira, azimayi amalowa nawo pakatha milungu iwiri. Mimba ya madera akumadzulo imatha miyezi isanu. Pakutha kwa chilimwe, ana 4 mpaka 20 amabadwa. Ayenera kupeza mphamvu mwachangu ndikukonzekera chisanu choyambirira m'moyo wawo.
Otsutsana nawo akumadzulo ndi olusa mwachangu. Zimadyera ma voles, mbewa, njoka zakhungu, achule ndi abuluzi ang'ono. Wovutayo amadzaza wozunzayo, kukulira mphete mozungulira, kenako ndi kumeza lonse.
Mu Buku Lofiira la Russia
Kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zinthu kumachepa, ndipo chachikulu chomwe chikulepheretsa ndikuchepetsa malo okhala. Zikuwoneka kuti kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi zomwe zimapangitsa anthu kukhala ndi nkhawa zimakhudzidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ku Russia, woyang'anira dera lakumadzulo amakhala mdera lamtunda wake. Pazifukwa izi zokha, kuchuluka kwake koyambirira pano sikokwanira. Kuphatikiza pa Red Book of Russia, mtunduwu umaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazachilengedwe wa Armenia ndi Georgia.
Ndizosangalatsa
Mitundu ya bo constorateors, kapena mchenga wa mchenga, ndi ya banja la pseudopods, kapena njoka-ngati boas. Zoyimira kumbuyo ndi miyendo ya m'chiuno, zomwe zimapangidwa bwino kwambiri mwaimuna kuposa zazikazi, zimasungidwa mwa zokwawa. Zotsatira zake, woyimira boma wopanda vuto lakumadzulo yemwe amakhala ku Russia komanso woopsa wochokera ku South America ndi amodzi mwa banja limodzi lakale.
Kodi wachigawo chakumadzulo amadya chiyani?
Otsutsana ndi azungu amadana ndi nyama zomwe zigamba zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito - pafupi ndi oyandikana nawo: abuluzi, njoka zakhungu ndi mbewa. Njoka imakola nyama yake, ikudziphimba ndi mphete yamphamvu kuzungulira, kenako ndikuyimeza. Ngakhale kuti boas amabisala pafupi ndi zala, mikanda sinakhale gawo lawo.
Achichepere amadyera tizilombo ndi abuluzi ang'onoang'ono.
Mosiyana ndi njoka zina, ma boazi a ku Western safuna madzi, amapeza chinyezi chofunikira kuchokera ku chakudya, koma nthawi zina amakhonza madontho amame ndi mvula.
Achichepere amadyera tizilombo ndi abuluzi ang'onoang'ono. Mkazi m'modzi amabweretsa kuchokera kwa ana 10 mpaka 20 omwe matupi awo amafikira masentimita 14.
Boas akumadzulo amakhala amtendere kwambiri poyerekeza ndi anzawo - mchenga wamchenga. Akanyamulidwa, sayesa kuluma. Njoka izi zimatha kusinthika kukhala ndi moyo ku terrarium, zimadyanso m'manja mwa mwiniwake.
M'dziko lathu, malo okhala kumadzulo aang'ono ndi ochepa kwambiri, motero anthu amalembedwa mu Red Book.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.