Dugong ndi chinyama cham'madzi kuchokera pamakonzedwe a ma sirens, monga manatee (pali mitundu itatu ya manatees) ndi ng'ombe ya Steller (mitundu yachilendo). Mwa banja la a dugong, ndi okhawo omwe adapulumuka mpaka lero. Liwu "dugong" lenilenilo limachokera ku Malawi "duyung" - maiden wanyanja kapena mermaid. Koma, moona, nyamayi ndiyochepera kuposa zonse zofanana ndi mermaid kapena siren, ngakhale pali zofanana pansi pamadzi - kapangidwe ka mchira ndi glands zotulutsa zomwe zingayerekeze kupereka lingaliro la mermaid ku lingaliro lolingalira la oyendetsa.

Nyama zinayi ndi za gulu lankhondo. Onsewa ndi nyama zam'madzi zopatsa chidwi zomwe zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zimadyetsedwa ndi algae komanso kupuma kwamlengalenga. Ali ndi khungu lakuda, loterera, ngati losindikiza, koma sangathe kuyenda pamtunda. Manja ndi kumbuyo kwa dorsal fin kulibe.

Pazithunzi za sirens, dugong ndiye woimira ang'ono kwambiri, kulemera kwake sikukufika mpaka 600 kg, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira ku 2.5 mpaka 4-5 metres. Inde, amuna ndi okulirapo kuposa akazi. Achibale apafupi kwambiri a agugong, osamvetseka mokwanira, ndi njovu. Thupi la nyamayo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe apangidwe ndi zipsepse zazing'ono kumbali, ndipo mchira wake umawoneka ngati chinsomba. Mphesa zimakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zoyendetsera, ndipo pakusambira ndi kutukula liwiro amagwiritsa ntchito mchira. Zipsepse za Dugong zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyendayenda pansi, nthawi yomwe akutenga zitsamba.

Mtundu wa ma dugongs ndi wa imvi, koma ukamakula umatha kukhala wa bulauni m'malo mwake, mimba imakhala yopepuka kuposa msana. Mutu umakhala wochepa, ngati chitsa, ndi maso ang'ono. Phokoso ndi lamphamvu kwambiri, lili ndi milomo yayikulu iwiri yolimba, kumtunda limagawidwa pakati. Izi kapangidwe ka milomo ndikofunikira pakudya kwa algae. Khosi ndi lalifupi, lamasamba, palibe auricles pamutu, maso ndi ang'ono komanso akhazikika. Mphuno imakankhidwira pamwamba ndikutseka ndi mavuvu omwe amathandizira kugwira mpweya.

Ma Dugongs saona bwino, koma imva bwino kwambiri. Amuna ali ndi timisamba tating'ono. Ma molars alibe mizu ndi enamel, m'mataya onse awiriwa muli ma molars a 5-6 mbali iliyonse, ndipo amuna nawonso ali ndi zolocha.

M'mbuyomu, ma dugong anali ambiri ponseponse, koma tsopano amapezeka ku Indian Ocean kokha komanso ku Pacific Pacific. Zimapezeka kunyanja ya Tanzania Peninsula, kudutsa Great Barrier Reef komanso ku Torres Strait.

Asayansi apeza miyala zakale zokhala ndi zimbudzi zokhala ndi zaka 50 miliyoni. Kenako anali ndi zipsepizo zinayi, ndipo atha kukhala pamtunda kwakanthawi, koma m'kupita kwa nthawi adataya mwayiwu ndi zipsepse ziwiri.

Okonda a Jules Verne adzakumbukiradi kuti adakumana ndi a dugong patsamba lamasamba a Kaputeni Nemo - "Zikwi Zikwi Zamtunda Pansi pa Nyanja" ndi "Chosangalatsa Chachikulu". Wolemba amafotokoza dugong ngati nyama yowopsa, koma sizowona. Dugong imatha kukhala yowopsa kupatula kukula kwake komanso kutsika kwakukulu, ndipo palibenso china, nyama izi sizimenyera anthu. Dugong imatha kuukira pokhapokha iteteza ana ake - monga nyama ina iliyonse. Mwambiri, nyama siyowopsa kuposa galu.

Nthawi zambiri ma dugong amakhala m'madzi otentha a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, simungakumane nawo pamalo akuya kupitirira 20 metres, koma ma bbeji ndi magombe amatha kuzidziwa bwino - pali mitundu yambiri yazinyama zomwe zimakhala mwamtendere kwambiri. Kusunthika kwawo kumalumikizidwa ndi ma ebbs ndikuyenda, zomwe sizodabwitsa, chifukwa amadyetsa madzi osaya. Zomera za algae ndi zam'madzi ndizomwe zimapanga gawo lalikulu la chakudya chake, koma zimatha kudya nsomba zazing'ono ndi nkhanu zazing'ono zomwe zimakhazikika mu algae, asayansi apeza zotsalira zawo m'mimba mwa dugongs. Pofunafuna madzi ndi mbewu zofiira.

Mukudyetsa, akumba amakumba pansi pa nyanjayo ndi milomo yotsika, ndikukula mizu yamiyala, pomwe mikwingwirima imakhala pansi, zitha kutsimikizika kuchokera kwa iwo kuti "ng'ombe zam'nyanja" zadya pano. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa sludge kumakwera. Algae ndi mizu yawo ya dugong imakutidwa ndi mano amphamvu mizu. Musanadye chomera, dugong amawakhira m'madzi, ndikugwedeza mutu wake mbali ndi mbali.

Dugongs amatha kukhala pansi pamadzi mpaka mphindi 10-15, pambuyo pake amadzuka kuti apume mpweya. Patsiku, nyama imodzi imayenera kudya pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 40 azomera ndi zomera, motero nthawi yambiri amakhala otanganidwa kupeza chakudya. Amasambira momasuka komanso modekha, ndipo, monga lamulo, osalabadira osiyanasiyana. Mukamadyetsa anthu a dugong amatha kuyenda ndi nsomba zazing'ono kusambira pafupi ndi nkhope yake.

Nyamazo zikuwoneka kuti ndizovuta, koma sizili choncho, pansi pa madzi dugong imasambira pafupifupi pa liwiro lakufika ku 10 km / h, ndipo ngati ikuwopa, imatha kuthamanga mpaka 18 km / h. Amakhala chete, akupanga mawu akuthwa pokhapokha akachita mantha. Kugwirira ntchito sikumalekeredwa bwino, koipa kuposa banja lonse la siren, kotero sizipezeka kawirikawiri m'mapaki amadzi ndi zokopa.

Ma dugong ndi osungulumwa, akusambira okha, koma posaka chakudya amatha kusonkhana pagulu laling'ono. Kukhala m'madzi ofunda, ma dugongs amatha kubereka chaka chonse. Amuna amamenyera akazi pogwiritsa ntchito ziboda zawo, ndipo panthawiyi samawoneka mwamtendere konse, monga nthawi yonseyo. Yaikazi imatenga chaka chimodzi, ana amuna awiri, ndikupanga ana akewo popanda iwowo.

Mwana amabereka kutalika kwa pafupifupi mita ndi kulemera kwa pafupifupi 35 kg. Akazi amadyetsa ana ndi mkaka mpaka zaka 1.5, ngakhale atatha miyezi itatu achichepere amayamba kusintha pang'onopang'ono kubzala zakudya. Kutha msinkhu mu dugongs kumachitika pazaka 9-10, ndipo nthawi yawo yonse yamoyo ndiyomwe ili pafupi ndi anthu - zaka 70. Nyama zazing'ono makamaka zimayenda mothandizidwa ndi zipsepse, ndipo achikulire mothandizidwa ndi mchira.

Dugongs amakonda kuyenda ndipo amatha kusambira mtunda wa makilomita chikwi, popanda chifukwa. Akadakhala kuti adakwera ngalawa zambiri akadapanda kukumana ndi ngozi zapamadzi ndi sitima zapamadzi. Nthawi zambiri, amasankha maulendowa chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chakudya chochuluka mdera lawo, koma amatha kusambira monga choncho. Kuyenda kwatsiku ndi tsiku ndi nyengo kumatha kukhudzidwa ndi kusinthasintha kwa madzi kapena kutentha, kupezeka kwa chakudya ndi kuchuluka kwake.

Ma dugong achichepere nthawi zambiri amakhala chiphokoso cha asodzi akuluakulu, ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zochepa. Ndiwosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito anthu. Nyama yawo imafanana ndi veal ku kukoma kwawo; mafuta, mafupa ndi khungu zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Ndipo ichi ndi chifukwa chachiwiri chomwe dugong adalembedwera Red Book, pomwe amakhala ndi "mitundu yosatetezeka". Mafupa a Dugong amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "minyanga ya njovu" (izi ndizofanana ndi njovu), mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala achikhalidwe.

Tsopano migodi ya ma dugong maukonde ndizoletsedwa, koma ndikuloledwa ngati usodzi wachikhalidwe kwa anthu achi Aborigine. Pakadali pano, anthu pafupifupi 10,000 alipo, chifukwa cha zomwe adawatenga kuti awasunge, chiwerengero sichikuchepa. Koma uku ndikuwoneka kosalala kwambiri komwe vuto lililonse lachilengedwe lingakhumudwitse - mwachitsanzo, kugwa kwa thanki yamafuta kumalo okhala dugong, komanso kupha anthu.

Ma dugong ndi apadera - izi zokha ndi nyama zapamadzi zam'madzi zomwe zimapezeka padziko lapansi. Chifukwa chake, mutu wonena za kutha kwa anthu a dugong udakambidwa pamsonkhano wa Bonn ku United Arab Emirates mu 2010, pomwe adakambirana njira zopulumutsira ma dugong ndikuwasunga anthu.

Tinalemba kuti ntchito zachuma za anthu ndichimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zakuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa zigombe, momwe nyama pafupifupi 7,000 zidalembedwera m'malire. Malo awo odyetserako nsomba ali ndi ma tackle otchera nsomba, maukonde ndi matumba apulasitiki. Panthawi ya chithandizo chimodzi, matani ndi theka la zotengera zoterezi adazilandira kumadzi a bay. Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa algae chifukwa cha zochita za anthu pakuya kwa 20 metres - ndipo algae ndiwo maziko azakudya - ndilimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe zimafa.

M'pofunika kuchitapo kanthu kuti madera achulukidwe ndi madzi oyera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mwanjira iyi mitundu yokhayokha yomwe ili pangozi itha kusungidwa. Dugongs ndizotetezedwa kwathunthu kwa anthu, ndipo zilombo zachilengedwe, shaki, ndizokwanira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwawo. Sitingathe kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa asaka a shaki, koma timatha kuchepetsa ntchito zathu m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja.