Loon - Ino ndiye mbalame yakumpoto, yomwe ndi madzi. Dongosolo la mbalamezi lili ndi mitundu isanu yokha. Amakula kukula ndi bakha woweta, pamakhala anthu ena komanso akuluakulu. M'mbuyomu, ubweya wa loon udagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zipewa za akazi.

Nthenga zawo zimakhala zofewa komanso zosangalatsa kukhudza. Kunja, mbalameyo imawoneka yokongola komanso yanzeru kwambiri. Mikwingwirima ya Flat pamapiko a siliva ndiye kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa loon ndi mbalame zina. Zovala zamtunduwu zimakula mpaka masentimita 70, ndipo kulemera kwakukulu kwa mbalameyo ndi kilogalamu 6. Mitundu yamitundu yonse ndi yosambira yosangalatsa. Mbalamezi sizingoyenda pansi, m'malo mwake zimangokwawa. Ma loonies amatha kupanga mitundu iwiri yamawu:

Mverani mawu a loon

Kulira kumachitika mukamayesa kukawuza banja lanu. Scon Loon sitha kumveka kawirikawiri, chifukwa pafupifupi palibe amene amawazunza. Koma mawu awa ali ndi kuboola kwake komwe. Amakhala makamaka m'madzi ozizira. Wosanjikiza mafuta ochulukirapo amawapulumutsa ku hypothermia.

Amayamba kukhazikika pang'onopang'ono kugwa, ndipo pofika nthawi yozizira amakutidwa ndi ubweya wofunda. Nthawi yomweyo, mbalame zimataya nthenga, chifukwa sizitha kuuluka kwa miyezi iwiri. Kuuluka kwa matendawa kumatha kuwoneka ngati kolakwika. Palibe mtundu wotsimikizika komanso mtsogoleri. Mbalame nthawi zonse zimasiyana.

Malo okhala Habitat ndi moyo wawo

Ma loon nthawi zonse amakhala m'madera ozizira. Malo okhala ndi ku Asia ndi North America. Patulani miyoyo yawo yonse pamadzi. Dziwe litauma, mbalame zimakakamizidwa kuuluka kupita kwina.

Bakha Loon imakonda madamu akuluakulu ndi ozizira. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi nyanja ndi nyanja. Maonekedwe a mbalameyo imathandizira kuti ikhale ndi moyo wam'madzi; Kukhalapo kwa nembanemba kumathandiza kuti mbalame izisambira momasuka komanso kusambira. Madzi ofunda otentha amapulumutsa loon kuti asazizire m'madzi ozizira.

Mutha kukumana ndi loon mu tundra kapena nkhalango. Amatha kukhala kumapiri. Amakhala moyo wawo wonse wosakhala kutali ndi madzi. Nthawi zambiri nthawi yozizira imakhala ku Black, Baltic kapena White Seas, komanso Pacific. Mbalameyo ndi yokongola, imakonda malo oyera.

Ma loon ndi mbalame zomwe zimathera nthawi yawo yambiri m'njira. Kuuluka malo ndi malo, amapeza chakudya chawo ndi kuwaswa anapiye. Nthawi zonse mumakonda madzi oyera ndi m'miyala.

Nthawi zambiri matendawa amakhala onenepa. Amapanga maukwati amoyo. Zimawuluka kuchokera malo kupita kumalo ndikukutana anapiyewo limodzi. Mbalame zimatuluka mosavuta m'madzi. Zimawuluka kwambiri, koma makamaka m'njira zowongoka. Mbalameyi sinasinthidwe kuti ikhale yotembenuka. Ngati akuona zoopsa, nthawi yomweyo amadzipinda m'madzi.

Amatha kulowa pansi mpaka mita 20 ndikukhala pansi pa madzi mpaka mphindi ziwiri. Pambuyo pothawa, anyamatawa amafikira pamadzi okha. Poyesera kutera, mbalame zimathyola miyendo kapena kuthyoka.

Maonedwe amakono

Masiku ano, anthu okhala m'chiuno ndi mitundu isanu yokha, monga:

• Arctic Loon kapena mulomo wakuda,
• Chiuno chakumaso,
• Loon wokhotakhota,
• Chovala choyera chamutu,
• Loon wofiirira.

Chikhalidwe cha mbalame zonsezi ndi zofanana. M'malo mwake, amasiyana mawonekedwe okha. Onsewa amatulutsa kulira kosautsa mtima, komwe sikungasokonezeke ndi mawu ochokera kwa mbalame zina. Mtundu wofala kwambiri loon wakuda (wodedwa khosi).

Zojambulidwa ndi Khosi lakuda

Chovala chokhala ndi ululu wofiira chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukongola kwake. Mzere wa pinki uli pakhosi pake, womwe umatha kuwoneka ngati kolala kuchokera kutali. Mbalameyi ndiyosowa.

Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a loon

Ma loon amakhala m'matumba. Nthawi zonse amakhala pamadzi ozizira ndipo amakhala pamenepo mpaka kuzizira. Ma loon ndi mbalame zosamala kwambiri. Ndi anthu pafupifupi sakugwirizana. Kutembenuza mbalameyi kukhala nyumba ndikovuta. Chifukwa chake, palibe zitsanzo za minda yomwe loon imasungidwa. Nthawi zina amasakidwa (loon wakuda). Ena mwa banja ili alembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.

Tiyenera kunena kuti ma loon ndi mbalame zosalekeza. Monga lamulo, ngakhale pofunafuna nkhokwe, imawulukira kumalo omwewo. Mbalame zimakhala pafupifupi zaka 20. M'mbuyomu, mbalame zidasakidwa chifukwa cha ubweya ndi khungu, koma posakhalitsa kuchuluka kwawo kudachepa kwambiri ndipo kusaka kudaletsedwa. Kuuluka kwa Loon kukwera. Pitani kumwamba ndi madzi okha kuchokera kumwamba. Ziwalo za zala zake zimapangidwa bwino kwambiri kotero kuti ndizosavomerezeka kuti ziwuke pamtunda.

Zojambulidwa-khosi Loon

Kudyetsa m'chiuno ndi kubereka

Zakudya zazikulu za loon ndi nsomba zazing'ono, zomwe mbalamezo zimagwira mukasambira. M'malo mwake, imatha kudya chilichonse chomwe chili munyanja kapena nyanja. Itha kukhala ma mbewa, ma crustaceans ang'ono, mphutsi ngakhale tizilombo.

Kutha kubereka mu loons kumadza mochedwa - kale mchaka chachitatu cha moyo. Zisa zimapanga awiriawiri pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, nthawi zambiri kumphepete mwa nyanja, ngati pali masamba ambiri mozungulira. Kuchera chisa kupita kumadzi, chachikazi ndi chachimuna chimapanga ngalande zokhazokha kuti ndizotheka kulowa mwachangu m'madzi, kudya ndi kubwerera kuchisa.

Nthawi zambiri, zazikazi zimayikira mazira awiri, milandu yochepa pomwe pali chisa 3. Mazira amakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola. Dzira limagona sikuchitika tsiku lomwelo, nthawi zambiri pakangotha ​​pafupifupi sabata limodzi. Wamkazi ndi wamwamuna amalowerera mazira. M'modzi mwa makolo nthawi zonse amakhala mchisa. The makulitsidwe nthawi pafupifupi 30 masiku.

Chovala choyera choyera chimadziwika ndi mtanda waukulu

Mbalameyo ikaona ngoziyo, ndiye kuti imangodumphira m'mphepete mwamadzi ndikuyamba kulira kwambiri ndikumenyetsa mapiko ake pamadzi, kuti ikope chidwi chake. Chingwe chimaswa ndi ubweya wakuda. Pafupifupi, amatha kuyenda pansi ndi kusambira bwino. Makolo amawadyetsa m'masabata oyamba. Zakudya zawo zimakhala ndi tizilombo komanso mphutsi. Pakupita milungu ingapo, anapiyewo amayamba kudya okha. Amatha kuuluka ali ndi miyezi iwiri.

Zochititsa Chidwi za Loon

1. Ma loon-akuda komanso oyera amutu walembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.
2. Kulira komwe mbalame imachita kuli ngati kulira kwa nyama yolusa.
3. Mbalamezi zimasakidwa chifukwa cha ubweya ndi khungu.
4. Nyama ya loon siikonda ndi osaka.
5. Palibe minda yomwe loon imadutsamo.
6. Maanja pa loons adapangira moyo, pokhapokha atamwalira ndi mnzakeyo, mbalameyo imafunafuna ina.
7. Kufuula nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwa wamwamuna, mu nthawi yakukalamba yokha pomwe mkazi amatha kufuula mokweza.

Loon wamakutu wakuda

Maonekedwe achimuna ndi achikazi ndi ofanana - m'mimba ndimakutidwa ndi nthenga zoyera, ndipo pamwambapo pali utoto wonyezimira kapena wakuda wokhala ndi mawonekedwe oyera. Ndikothekanso kusiyanitsa anthu kutengera mtundu wathu - aliyense ndi amodzi.

Mtunduwu suwoneka panthawi yachisanu chokha, mtundu wonse wa mbalame ukakhala wowoneka bwino kwambiri. Kuchokera ku atsekwe ndi abakha, matendawa amasiyana m'mayendedwe othawa - amawerama pang'ono ndikuweramitsa khosi lawo pansi. Mapiko a mbalamezo ndi ochepa, motsutsana ndi kukula kwa abakha omwewo, pomwe miyendo imatuluka kumbuyo - nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi mchira. Zala zitatu zakutsogolo za mbalamezi ndizolumikizidwa ndi nembanemba. Chingwe chokhala ndi khosi lakuda chimakhala ndi mawu okondweretsa - pakufalikira kwake mutha kumva kulira komanso kubuula. Kwa munthu wokhala ndi khosi lakuda, kulira kuli ngati khwangwala. Tsoka ilo, loon ili kumapeto, kotero mwayi wokha wopulumutsa mitunduyi ndi Buku Lofiyira. Phokoso lanyimbo zakuda kumakumwa nyengo yakukhwima imamveka ngati “ha-ha-ha-rra”, lomwe linadzipatsa dzina lotere.

Loon ana

Mwanjira ina, mbalame imakhala ndi mazira ambiri - nthawi zambiri imakhala imodzi kapena iwiri. Mitundu ya mazira imaphimba bwino kuchokera kwa adani - mazira otuwa a maolivi amaphatikizana ndi zomera zam'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kutalika kumafika pafupifupi masentimita khumi, ndipo mwa kulemera iliyonse imakoka pafupifupi magalamu 105.

Ndizosintha kuchokera kumaseke kuti mutha kudziwa kuti ndi chisa cha yani - khosi yofiyira kapena yodonedwa ndi khosi. Dzira loyamba limakhala ndi zochepa. Onse awiri amalumikizana - amapambana wina ndi mnzake, kulola wina wake kugona pamadzi, kugona ndi kudya. Nthawi yolumikizira imatha mwezi umodzi - anapiye amatha kumeza pakatha masiku 25 ndipo atatha makumi atatu. Makandawo amakhala m chisa kwa nthawi yayitali - osapitilira masiku awiri. Kenako akuluakulu amayamba kuzolowera anapiye. Njira yoyamba ikuwoneka ngati iyi - anapiye amakwera kumbuyo kwa mbalame yachikulire ndikutsika m'madzi. Posachedwa, mutha kuwona momwe ana akusambira paokha pakati pa makolo awiriwo. Sungani mosamala kuti zisachitike zovuta.

Nesting

Ma Loons khalani awiriawiri. Amayamba kubereka azaka zosachepera zaka zitatu. Zimakhala m'malo osungira ndi madzi oyera, nthawi zambiri mitsinje yokhala chete. Chidacho chimakhala pafupi ndi madzi, nthawi zambiri chimakhala pa alumali ndipo pali udzu, ndipo chimakhala ndi udzu womwewo womwe umamera pafupi ndi chisa, komanso kuchokera kumera zakufa. Kuchokera ku chisa kupita kumadzi akutsogolera 1-2 (zochepa pafupipafupi 3-4) manholes, momwe mbalame zimapinda mchisa ndikupita m'madzi. M'mphepete mwa chithaphwi, chisa chimatha kukhala chodabwitsa chonyowa, makamaka chowola, chomera nthawi zonse. Timbayi tating'onoting'ono timakhala yopanda chonde, ndipo chisa chake nthawi zambiri chimanyowa. M'mphepete mwamtondo, zinyalala sizitha konse, ndipo mazira atagona pamtunda wa peat kapena malo ena opanda kanthu. Zisa zoyandama izi, monga ma foradstools, ma loon satero.

Kuswana

M'malo opaka matumba, malamulo, awiri, osakhala amodzi, komanso osagwirizana - mazira atatu. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala-owoneka bwino komanso mtundu wokongola, wa maolivi wobiriwira kwambiri kapena wobiriwira, wobiriwira, wokhala ndi timaso tating'ono kapena tinthu tating'ono. Mazira nthawi zambiri samagona pafupi ndi chisa, koma patali pang'ono ndi inzake. Yaikazi imawayika ndi nthawi yayitali mpaka masiku angapo. Onse ali pabanjamo amasinthana mosinthana kwa masiku 24-16, koma achikazi.

Kuyambira akhwangwala, nkhwangwa ndi skuas ma loons Nthawi zambiri amateteza zomangamanga zokha. Ngati galu, munthu, kapena munthu wina wofuna ngozi yoopsa atayandikira chisa, mbalame yokhomayo imayamba kubisala pachisa, ndikugwedeza khosi lake lalitali, kenako nkukalowa mumadzi mwakachetechete ndikuyang'ana patali, yopanda kanthu. Pazomangamanga, m'chiuno chimangokhala cholimba kwambiri, chimayandikira wolimbayo, nthawi zambiri chimachichotsa kumtunda ndikuwonetsa phokoso - kukuwa, kulira, kuwombera mapiko ake, "kuvina" pamadzi. Minkhusu imakutidwa ndi imvi yakuda pansi. Pambuyo posaka, amatha kusambira ndi kuwira pansi, koma m'masiku oyambira nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kubisala mu udzu. Makolo amawadyetsa ndi ma invertebrates am'madzi ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Kukula, anapiye amaphunzira kudzigwira okha. Amakhala ndi kudziyimira pawokha komanso kutha kuuluka ali ndi zaka 6-7 milungu.

Loon ndi bambo

Kukula kofunikira kwa ma loon ndizochepa. Zimapezeka zocheperako limodzi ndi mbalame zina zamalonda zamtundu wa Far North, pogwiritsa ntchito nyama podya. Usodzi wam'mbuyomu zikopa zomwe "ubweya wa mbalame" udapangidwira tsopano wayimitsidwa. Kudya nsomba, ma loon amatha kuvulaza usodzi, ngakhale ndizochepa, popeza kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe amaziwononga ndizochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa usodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, kudya makamaka anthu odwala ndi ofooka, ma loon amatenga nawo gawo limodzi mwazinthu zosankha zachilengedwe, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri gulu la nsomba zamalonda.

Feature

Waterfowl kukula kwa tsekwe kapena bakha lalikulu, komwe amasiyana ndi mulomo wosakhazikika (osati lathyathyathya). Kutalika kwa ma loon kumayambira pa 53 mpaka 91 cm, mapikowo amachokera ku 106 mpaka 152 cm, kulemera kwake kumachokera ku 1 mpaka 6.4 kg. M'miyendo yowuluka, mapiko ang'onoang'ono akukantha, miyendo imayang'ana kumbuyo, ngati kuti ndi mchira. Kuuluka, "kuwerama" pang'ono, kugwada pakhosi, yomwe imasiyananso ndi atsekwe ndi abakha. Amasiyana ndi ma grebes kukula okulirapo, thupi lalikulupo, pakukhwima - popanda nthenga zazitali pamutu. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mawonekedwe a miyendo ndi kapangidwe ka miyendo (m'chiuno chala zitatu zakumaso ndizolumikizana ndi membrane, pomwe mkati mwa zala zam'mimba mulibe membrane pakati pa zala.

Maonekedwe achimuna ndi achikazi ndi ofanana: maula a mbali yakunja ndi oyera, ndipo kumtunda kwawo ndi kasozikola koyera kapena kofiirira. Pamutu ndi khosi pamakhala mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse. Mwa ana, komanso mbalame zachikulire nthawi yachisanu, mawonekedwewa kulibe, ndipo mawonekedwe amitunduyi ndiwopindulitsa - pansi loyera komanso pamwamba pamdima.

Mafupa mafupa sakhala opanda kanthu, monga mbalame zina. Ndizolimba komanso zolemetsa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ana am'madzi asunthe. Matendawa amatha kuzolowera madzi am'madzi momwe amayenda movutikira kwambiri pamtunda, ndipo ndizosowa kwambiri kuwaona m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Monga lamulo, ma loon samayenda, koma amayenda pamiyendo, zomwe zimawonetsa kuti akukwirira pamimba. Nthawi zambiri anyaniwa amagona pamadzi ndipo amapita kukayendera nthaka nthawi yachisanu.

Mawu

Liwu ndi laphokoso kwambiri komanso osiyanasiyana, lili ndi kubangula ndi kubangula. Munthawi ya chisa, mofuula wa "ha-ha-ha-rrra" ndiwodziwika. Mu chiuno chokhala ndi khosi lofiira, kulira kumeneku kumaperekedwa ndi onse awiri, mitundu ina, wamwamuna yekha.

Mfuwu yochenjeza yochokera kummero wakuda, yokhotakhosi komanso yokhotakhota - yoyera yofanana ndi akhwangwala; kwa amiyala yoyera ndi yakuda, izi zimamveka ngati kuseka, chifukwa chake mwambi "Wopenga ngati chovala chamaso".

Kufotokozera, mitundu

Mbalame ya Loon ndi mbalame yamadzi. Pamtunda, amasankhidwa ngati njira yomaliza. "Njira" zonse zimaperekedwa m'chiuno movuta, chifukwa miyendo, "yosunthidwa" kumbuyo, cholinga chake ndikusambira munyanja. Chifukwa chake, pansi, mbalameyo imakwawa pamimba yake. Ornithologists amadziwa mitundu isanu.

Kuti tisasokonezedwe ndi chowotcha cha bakha - ichi chikuyimira gawo lina. Mtundu ndi wosiyana kotheratu.

Mbalame za Loon zimakhala ndi mayina amtundu womwe amawonetsa kusiyana kwakunja pakati pa subspecies:

• mulomo wakuda,
• wamakhosi
• Wodulidwa khosi
• oyera-oyera
• oyera.

Kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera ku mbalame zina ndi khungu losalala bwino. Khosi lakuda kwambiri ndi mtundu womwe walembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.

Tidziwitsa mwatsatanetsatane. Thupi ndilotalika 50-70 masentimita, kukula kwake ndi makilogalamu 3.4, mapiko ake ndi masentimita 130. Mtunduwu siwosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana, koma umakhala wokongola kwambiri. Pakhosi, momwe ziliri, mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera, ngati kolala yovunda. Mutu ndi wakuda, "wonyezimira", ngati thupi lonse.

Nthenga pamimba ndi zoyera, pamwamba - imvi zakuda ndi mawanga oyera - ozungulira mbali. Kulira kokhala ngati kummero kwakuda kuli ngati kakhwangwala, ndipo nthawi yakukhwima, monga mitundu ina, mumatha kumva bwino "ha-ha-garra". Chifukwa chake dzinali - loon.

Kugawa

Amakhala m'malo a tundra ndi nkhalango ku Europe, Asia ndi North America, komwe amawagawa kumpoto kuzilumba zakutali kwambiri. Ku Asia, amakhalanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'mphepete mwa mapiri akum'mwera kwa Siberia.

Ma loon amatha moyo wawo wonse pamadzi kapena pafupi nawo. Zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndi kunyanja ndi mitsinje. Kudutsa m'mphepete mwa nyanja zopanda nyanja. Ku Europe, ndi Nyanja Kumpoto ndi Baltic, komanso kumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Ku America, ndiye gombe la Pacific kumwera kupita ku California Peninsula ndi gombe la Atlantic kupita ku Florida. Ku Asia, ili ndiye gombe la China kupita ku Hainan Island.

Njira yosangalatsa yosamukira kumeneko ndi anthu aku North Siberian okhala ndi khosi lakuda. Mbalamezi nthawi yozizira ku Nyanja Yakuda, nthawi ya kasupe imawulukira koyamba ku Baltic, ndipo kenako ku Nyanja Yoyera. Khalidwe lotere, pamene njira zosamukira ku nthawi yozizira komanso kuyambira nthawi yachisanu zimasiyana, ndizodziwika mwa mitundu yochepa chabe ya mbalame.

Habitat, moyo

Nyama zake ndi anthu okhala kunyanja zakumpoto. Kuchokera kuzizira, amateteza mafuta osalala komanso ubweya wosalala womwe umawonekera pambuyo poyambira nyengo yachisanu. Ngakhale kukana chisanu, mbalame zimakakamizidwa kuti zizisamukira - zimafota ngati dziwe lakwawo litakutidwa ndi ayezi. Makonda okondwerera nyengo yachisanu - Wakuda kapena Woyera.

Malo okhala ndi gawo lalikulu kumpoto kwa Europe ndi America. Choleza chimatha kupezeka ngakhale mu tundra kapena mapiri, chinthu chachikulu ndichakuti pali madzi pafupi. Mbalame zimasonkhana pagulu, koma mbalame ndizochenjera ndi anthu, zochitika za "kubwezeretsa" sizikudziwika.

Ma looni awiri amapanga masika. Madzi oundana akangosungunuka, amamanga zisa pafupi ndi madzi, kotero kuti pangozi ingasunuke. Pafupifupi, mkazi amaikira mazira awiri - amakhala owumbika mawonekedwe a maolivi. Mazira ndi okulirapo - pafupifupi 9-10 cm, masekeli 100 g.

Ngakhale mazira ochepa - osapitilira 3, wamkazi amawayikira "magawo", "kupuma" kwa sabata.

Amayi samasiya anapiye, amawadyetsa ndi tizilombo tating'ono ndi mwachangu. Makanda obadwa kumene amasuntha pawokha, koma sangathe kupeza chakudya. Anapiye "akusambira" kumbuyo kwa amayi amawoneka okhudza mtima kwambiri. Chifukwa chake loon imaphunzitsa ana kusambira, nsana wake ndi poyambira kusambira.

Mawonekedwe, mfundo zosangalatsa

Mbalame ikakhala pachiwopsezo pamtunda chifukwa cha nkhwangwa, pang'onopang'ono, ndiye kuti nkovuta kuyigwira pamadzi. Ataona zoopsa, matendawa amathira pansi ndikusambira, kuyenda mwachangu pansi pamadzi. "Kuyika" kwa mbalame pamadzi ndikosangalatsa. Pafupifupi thupi lake lonse limabisidwa, mutu wokha pakhosi wokhota womwe umatha kuwoneka kuchokera kumwamba.

Mbalame za Loon zimakonda ukhondo wozungulira pawokha, mwina, motero zimasunga malo okhala ndi anthu okhala ndi dothi ndi zinyalala. Kusaka mbalame zonyadazi ndizoletsedwa, mitundu yambiri ikufa, koma anthu ena akumpoto asodzi akuwedza ubweya wamtengo wapatali.

Ntchito

Ma loon amasambira mokongola komanso kumayenda mwamadzi modabwitsa, nthawi zina amatha kuyenda pansi mpaka mita 21 ndikukhalabe pansi pamadzi kwa mphindi 1.5. Amakhala m'madzi moyo wawo wonse, kusiya madzi pokhapokha nthawi yodzala. Nthawi zambiri mbalame za m'madzi am'madzi, madzi amadzi oyera amapita kokha pakubala komanso posamukira, ndipo nthawi yonseyo amakhala akusungidwa kunyanja.

Chokani pamadzi, ndikufalikira kwa nthawi yayitali motsutsana ndi mphepo. Kuuluka kwa anyamatawa kumachitika mwachangu ndipo, mosiyana ndi abakha, nzeru, kupukutika kwamapiko, ndi mutu woweramitsidwa pang'ono. Amangokhala pamadzi okha, kwinaku akukulira mapiko awo, ndikukankhira miyendo yawo kumbuyo ndipo pamalowo amapanga pang'onopang'ono kugona kwawo. Amakhala pansi pamadzi ndikuyamba kulowa pansi mozama m'malo mochokapo. Mukasunthira pansi pamadzi, amagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yawo, yomwe imanyamulidwa kumbuyo. Nthawi zina, posambira, imagwiritsa ntchito mapiko, koma nthawi zambiri mapikowo amawakhomera kumbuyo kwawo ndikukutira kuti isanyowe ndi nthenga zakutseka zamapikowo, kumbuyo kwawo ndi mbali zazitali, ndikupanga "thumba" lapadera. Kusintha kwina kuchokera pakuyamba kunyowa ndikuthira kwamapulogalamu wamafuta ndi mafuta a gaimu apamwamba kwambiri. Chikuto cha nthenga nchachikulupo, chokhala ndi nkhungu ya fluff. Wosanjikiza mafuta ochulukirapo amapulumutsanso ku hypothermia.

Mu mbalame zazikulu, kubowola kumayambira kugwa, lisanawuluke, maula omwe akusuntha amasintha kukhala nthenga zowoneka bwino nthawi yozizira. Pakutalika kwa dzinja, nthenga zimagwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo mbalame zimalephera kuuluka kwa miyezi 1 mpaka 1.5. Pofika Epulo, zovala zamalimwe zimapezekanso.

Nyengo yam'madzi yotentha. Achinyamata amakhala kumeneko nthawi yachilimwe yoyamba, kapena mpaka kukhwima kumafika. Chapakatikati, amafika mochedwa, pakakhala madzi oyera ambiri. Makanda am'madzi othawa amawoneka ngati magulu omwazikana, pakati pa mbalame pali mipata ya mamita angapo kapena makumi. Ngakhale awiriawiri, wamwamuna ndi wamkazi amawuluka mosiyana.

Zipatsozi zakhala zaka zoposa 20. Mapaipi amapezeka nthawi zonse ndipo, mwina, akupitilira moyo.

Anthu ndi Loon

M'malo ocheperako, pamodzi ndi mbalame zina zam'masewera, anthu wamba aku Far North amagwidwa akugwiritsa nyama chakudya. M'mbuyomu, zipewa zazimayi zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zikopa za leotard (mawere oyera ndi pamimba), panali kusodzi kwapadera kwa "tsitsi la mbalame" kapena "khosi la m'chiuno". Mafashoni azinthu zoterezi zapita, ndipo palibe nsomba zomwe zikuchitika.

Kuthekera kwa kubereka kwa ma logi ndizotsika kwambiri, ndizochenjera ndipo sizikhala pafupi ndi anthu. Nthawi zambiri amafera maukonde asodzi, kuchokera kuwombera mwachangu kwa asaka otopetsa komanso kuchokera ku mitundu yonse ya uve, makamaka mafuta.

Kwa nthawi yayitali mumzinda wa Hawthorne (Nevada, USA) m'mphepete mwa phiri lamchere la Walker Lake, unkachitika chaka chilichonse Chikondwerero cha Loon: Anthu mazana ambiri adakumana ndi magulu a mbalamezi, omwe adayima kuti apumule ndikudyetsa panthawi yosamukira. Kuyambira 2009, chikondwererochi chidayenera kuletsedwa, chifukwa Walker ikuyamba kulowa, chifukwa chomwe mchere ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoyipa m'madzi zikukwera. Tsopano mbalamezo zikuuluka mozungulira mbali ino ya nyanjayo.

Mbiri yakusinthika

Ma loon mwina ndi amodzi mwa gulu lakale kwambiri pakati pa mbalame zamakono. Mafuta zakale kwambiri opezeka mu Upper Oligocene waku North America - mbalame yaying'ono yamtunduwu Colymboides. Palinso zotsalira zingapo zakale zomwe zinachitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa Cretaceous, koma zomwe ali nazo mu loons pano zikutsutsana. Rod Loon (Gavia) limapezeka kuchokera ku Lower Miocene. Kuphatikiza pa mitundu isanu yomwe ilipo, mitundu isanu ndi inayi ya mtundu wa Gavia imadziwika:

Morphologic ndipo, zikuwoneka, mwanjira yofananira, ma loon ali pafupi ndi penguin komanso tubular-nosed. Ma loon amatha kusinthana ndi ma toadstools. Mitambo iwiriyi ya mbalame ilibe chofanana pa morphology kapena ecology.

Kuchulukitsa

Pachikhalidwe, ma loons ankawonedwa kuti ndi onenepa, pomwe amafanana kwambiri kunja komanso m'moyo. Karl Linney mu 1758 adayika mabanja onse awiriwa Colymbus, yemwenso anali m'gulululi Zothandiza, kuphatikiza pafupifupi madzi osefukira odziwika nthawi imeneyo. Kwa nthawi yayitali, akatswiri a zoology adatsata mawonekedwe a Linear of the loons. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, ma loon ndi onenepa onenepa adagawika m'magulu awiri, omwe akuti ndi ogwirizana. Leon Gardner anali dokotala woyamba wa zanyama mu 1925 kukayikira ubale wapachibale ndi mafuta onenepa. Kafukufuku waposachedwa awulula kuti kufanana pakati pa mabanja awa ndi chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa kutembenuka mtima.

Ma loon onse omwe akukhala lero ndi a banja limodzi la loons (Gaviidae) komanso amtundu womwewo wa loons (Gavia) Mitundu inayi idazindikiridwa kale, koma kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti m'chiuno chokhala ndi khosi loyera, lomwe limawerengedwa kuti ndi mtundu wamtundu wakuda, ndi mitundu ina.

Chiyerekezo chapakati pa ubale wapachibale:

Loon Hunt

Cholocha chakumaso ndilofunika kwambiri kwa anthu. Anthu aku Far North amagwiritsa ntchito nyama ya nkhuku chakudya, kuphatikiza apo, sizovuta kupweteka. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zimasokonekera mu maukonde osambira, kuchokera komwe sizovuta kupeza. Poyamba, kuchokera zikopa za akazi (pamimba yoyera ndi bere), zipewa za telala zosokedwa zidasokedwa ndi akatswiri am'deralo, koma masiku ano luso ili siligwiranso ntchito. Chingwe chakuda chakumaso sichikonda kuyandikana ndi anthu - mbalame imamwalira ndi dothi lomwe linasiyidwa pambuyo pa anthu, nthawi zambiri kusaka kumayambira kosangalatsa. Chifukwa chake, m'maiko ena mulinso chikondwerero cha loons. Mbalame zikafika kuchokera kunyanja yotentha, anthu amakumana nawo, amawapatsa chakudya ndipo amakhala ndi nthawi yopumira. Tidazindikira momwe khosi lakuda lakumaso limawonekera. Kufotokozera mwachidule kumveketsa momwe mungasiyanitsire kuyenda, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera kwa bakha wamba.

Loon pamadzi

Mbalameyo ikasambira, mutu wocheperako pang'ono, gawo laling'ono kumbuyo ndi khosi lopindika pang'ono likuwonekera pamtunda - kutchera kwa mbalameyi ndikotsika kwambiri. Mbalameyo ikayamba kuda nkhawa, imadzizama kwambiri m'madzi, pamapeto pake imangosiya mutu ndi dera laling'ono la khosi pamwamba pa madzi.

Ndi mantha akulu, amangolowa pansi pamadzi, kudikirira kwakanthawi, mpaka ngozi itadutsa. Chingwe chokhala ndi khosi lakuda chimayenda mosavuta pansi pamadzi - ngati chimangotulutsidwa cha nkhata mumphindi umodzi, chimatha kuthamanga mtunda wamamita 500. Izi zimamupulumutsa kwa asaka ambiri omwe amasokoneza mbalameyo ndi bakha ndikudikirira kuti ituluke pamalo amodzi.

Zowonjezera pang'ono za pafupi ndi khosi lakumwa kumaso

Tsoka ilo, anthu amtunduwu amakhalabe ocheperako. Madzi akuwuma, chilengedwe chikutseka ndi manja a anthu - zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti mbalame ziziyang'ana malo atsopano, ndipo izi ndi chiopsezo chokhazikika chomwe chivindikiro cha khosi lakuda chimawululidwa. Buku Lofiira limaletsa kusaka kwa [mbalamezi, koma limaletsa anthu pang'ono. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa mbalame kunatsika kangapo, m'malo ena adasowa kwamuyaya. Masiku ano, ma logi akhungu atha kupezeka kawirikawiri - mbalame imayesetsa kukhazikika m'chipululu, kutali ndi maso a anthu, makamaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja zazikulu. Mwachitsanzo, ku Krasnodar Territory, mbalameyi imalembetsedwa mwapadera - chonsecho muli anthu pafupifupi 500, komwe ndi chiwerengero chotsika kwambiri cha mtundu wamba wa loon.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Loon - mbalame yam'madzi yaku kumpoto kuchoka pakufuma kwa loons. Ili ndi limodzi mwa magulu akale kwambiri komanso ophatikizana a mbalame pakati pa mbalame zamakono. Fossil wakale kwambiri ndi wa Upper Oligocene waku North America; paliponse, mitundu isanu ndi inayi ya zinthu zam'madzi zoterezi zimadziwika.

Mpaka pano, alipo asanu okha:

• mulomo wakuda,
• wamtundu wakuda kapena wakuda ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri,
• Wodulidwa khosi
• oyera
• oyera-oyera.

Onsewa ndi osiyana maonekedwe okha, momwe amakhalira komanso chikhalidwe chawo ndi chofanana. M'mbuyomu, akatswiri azamanyama adazindikira mitundu inayi yokha, koma kafukufuku waposachedwa wasonyeza kuti mitundu-yoyera si njira zamtundu wakuda, koma zikuyimira mtundu wodziimira pawokha.

Kanema: Loon

Kwa nthawi yayitali, ma loon amatengedwa ngati abale apamtima pa mbalame zokhala ngati zonenepa chifukwa chofanana ndi mawonekedwe ake,

Mu morphology ndi ecology, madongosolo awiri awa alibe chilichonse. Mu pulani yofananira komanso morphologically, ma loon ali pafupi ndi tubular, penguin.

Chochititsa chidwi: Mafupa a mafupa a loon ndi olimba komanso olemetsa, osatupa, ngati mitundu ina ya mbalame. Chifukwa cha izi, amatha kusinthika kukhala moyo wam'madzi, womwe ngakhale kugona sikuyenda pansi.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Momwe ma loon amawonekera

Chovala chokhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi thupi lofanana ndi bakha kapena tsekwe wamkulu, anthu ena amafikira zazikulu zokulirapo ndipo amalemera kuposa kilogalamu 6. Ma looni okhala ndi mlomo wosongoka, amasiyana ndi ma waterfowl ambiri pokongola kwa mitundu yawo.

M'mawonekedwe, abambo samasiyana ndi akazi:

• Mimba yake ndi yoyera, ndipo thupi lakumaso ndi lakuda kapena lofiirira ndipo ndili ndi mawanga oyera ambiri.
• mutu ndi khosi zimakongoletsedwa ndi mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse.

Mwa achichepere ndi achikulire omwe amapanga nthawi yanyengo yachisanu, mawonekedwewo kulibe ndipo mtundu wa manambala ndiwosangalatsa. Zokongola kwambiri pakati pa mbewa ndi abakha ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi khosi. Mzere wowala wa pinki pakhosi pake ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi tayi ndipo ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimasiyanitsa.

Ma loon ali ndi mapiko ocheperako pafupi ndi thupi. Pomwe amathawa, "amagona" pang'ono, ndikukhwimitsa makosi awo kwambiri, ndikuwongola miyendo, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuwoneka ngati mchira. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe "oweramira", amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndikuthawa kuchokera kwa abakha wamba kapena atsekwe ngakhale pakuuluka.

Zala zitatu zopyapyala zamiyendo ya loons ndizolumikizana ndi membrane, motero amamva bwino m'madzi komanso osatetezeka kwambiri pansi. Ndipo nthenga za mbalame zimakhala zofewa kwambiri komanso zosangalatsa kukhudza. Mawonekedwe ofunda, okhathamira amateteza loon ku hypothermia.

Kodi loon imakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Loon mbalame

Zokhala ngati zoonda zimakonda madzi ozizira a nyanja zakumpoto ndi nyanja. Malo okhalamo: ku Europe, Asia ndi ku North America konse. Pali ma logi mu tundra, mapiri, nkhalango, malinga ndi kukhalapo kwa nkhokwe yapafupi, popeza amakhala moyo wawo wonse pafupi ndi pamadzi. Anthu ena amafika pamtunda pokhapokha nyengo yakukhwima ndi kuyikira mazira.

Madziwe akamaundana, mbalame zimawuluka m'magulu kupita m'madziwe osatentha. M'nyengo yozizira nthawi zambiri amakhala panyanja yakuda, Baltic kapena White, yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific, Atlantic. Ma loon amakhala ndi chizolowezi chosamveka pakusamukira, momwe njira yopita nthawi yachisanu imasiyanirana ndi njira yosamukira ku nthawi yozizira, yomwe imadziwika ndi mitundu yochepa chabe ya mbalame.

Ana achichepere amakhala m'madzi ofunda nthawi yawo yonse yachilimwe, nthawi zina mpaka atafika pa kutha. Chapakatikati, ma loon nthawi zonse amafika mochedwa, pomwe pali madzi ambiri oyera.

Chochititsa chidwi: Anthu achilengedwe aku Far North amatulutsa loon yochulukirapo komanso mbalame zina zamalonda kuti zizigwiritsa ntchito nyama yake kudya. Komanso, m'mbuyomu kunali kusodzi kwapadera kwa ma loon a "mbalame za ubweya", kapena "mitsitsi ya khosi", koma chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mafashoni ndi kufunika kwa masiku ano, sikuchitika.

Kodi loon amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Black Loon

Nsomba zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimakhala pansi penipeni pa nyanja ndi nyanja zimakhala zakudya wamba zam'madzi. Pakusaka, mbalameyo imaponyera mutu wake m'madzi, kuyang'ana dengalo pansi pake, kenako ndikudumphira chete. Pofunafuna nyama, anyamatawa amatha kudumphadumpha mamitala angapo ndikugwira mpweya wawo kwa masekondi 90.

Mukamasuntha mwachangu pamzere, madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe nthawi zonse amasunthidwa kumbuyo. Osowa kwambiri, akalowa m'madzi, mapiko amagwira ntchito, nthawi zambiri amakhala atagona kumbuyo ndi kutetezedwa kuti asanyowe ndi nthenga zakutseka kumbuyo, mapiko ndi nthenga zammbali, ndikupanga mthumba. Njira ina yowonjezera yoteteza kuti isanyowe ndi mafuta a glandular ya supra-caudal, yomwe ma loon amapaka mafuta awo.

Ngati kulibe nsomba zokwanira, ndiye kuti ana awonso amatha kudya pafupifupi chilichonse, chomwe chili ndi madzi am'nyanja ndi nyanja: mollusks, crustaceans, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Mbalame sizimanyoza ngakhale algae. Nthawi zina, kulowa mkati mwa nsomba, amatsikira m'maukonde.

Chochititsa chidwi: Loon ndi ma penguin ndiwopambana mwamphamvu pakuzama kosambira. Pali nthawi zina pamene mbalamezi zinagwidwa ndi asodzi akuya pafupifupi 70 metres.

Zambiri

Kubangula kwachisoni ndi kubuula ndi kulira kwamatanda. M'nyengo yotentha, nthawi zambiri amafalikira kunyanja kumpoto kwa Europe ndi North America, komwe mbalame zimakhala. Pansi, ma loon amayenda movutikira kwambiri, chifukwa ma taya awo amasunthidwa, ngakhale osakhala ngati ma penguin. Pamiyendo pali malo osambira omwe amalumikiza zala zonse zinayi.

Ma loon amapita pansi pongobala, ndipo ngakhale pamenepo amafunafuna kumanga chisa pafupi ndi madzi omwe. Makolo onse awiriwa amatenga nawo mbali pakugwira ntchito yomanga ndi kulera anapiye. Nkhuku zimasiya zisa zawo nthawi yomweyo. Ana akhanda amasambira bwino, ndipo kutchuthi amakwera pamisana ya makolo awo. Amadya makamaka nsomba, komanso nkhono, nkhanu ndi zina zam'madzi zam'madzi.

Kuyimba ma loon

Ma loon onse ndi mawu mpaka kwambiri, makamaka panthawi ya chibwenzi komanso usiku. Koma "kuyimba" kwawo, nthawi zina kumagontha, sikusiyanitsidwa ndi mgwirizano. Mfuu yofuula imalengeza mozungulira malo okhala mozungulira, kuwalirako, kenako mwadzidzidzi imaseka ndi kuseka kwamwano koyenera kunena kuti "wamisala ngati chiuno."

Kholo laling'ono polimbana kumenyera nkhondo kukonzekera kuthana ndi mdani amene wayandikira.

Ziphuphu zokhala ndi khosi lofiirira zokhala m'madzi ku tundra. Mafupa a Loon amakhala olimba komanso olemera mkati, omwe amathandiza kuthana ndi madzi ndikwapangitsa kumizidwa mosavuta. Zimayenda bwino kwambiri nsomba.

Mitundu yolimbikira kwambiri

Ngakhale kuti ma loon amasungidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, anthu 10-15, pangozi, amachita mogwirizana ndi "aliyense payekha." Kuthamanga pamadzi, kunyamuka, ndi "kuwaza" mbali zosiyanasiyana. Koma, ngati zisa zikhala pachiwopsezo, oyandikana nawo "eni" amabwera m'magulu awiri ndipo amayandama pansi kuchokera pagombe.

Mbalame yabwino kwambiri ndi yoimira mbalame zakumpoto zomwe zimakonda kuphunzira. Mtundu wokongola, liwu lambiri "repertoire", komanso kuyeretsa kwake kodabwitsa ndizosangalatsa.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Zoyala zam'madzi zimakhala zambiri za mbalame zam'madzi, ndipo zimawulukira ku nyanja zamchere pokhapokha nthawi yopanda chakudya kapena kupuma nthawi yosamukira. Mbalame zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kosankha posankha malo okhala ndi nyengo yachisanu. Amakhala pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse pamadzi, kupita kumtunda kokha kukapeza chisa.

Akuluakulu molt m'dzinja asananyamuke - ndiye kuti kusintha kwachilendo kwa mankhwalawa kumasintha kukhala kwamtundu wofananira. M'nyengo yozizira, nthenga zimachoka nthawi yomweyo, ndipo matendawa sangathe kuwuluka mlengalenga kwa miyezi 1-1.5. Mwezi wa Epulo wokha, mbalame zimapeza zula zam'madzi.

Zimawuluka mwachangu, nthawi zambiri zikuuluka mapiko ake, zikuyenda pang'ono. Chotsani pamadzipo, ndikuthamangitsa mphepo. Nthawi zonse amakhala pamimba pawo m'madzi, kwinaku akukweza mapiko awo m'mwamba, ndipo miyendo yawo imakhala kumbuyo. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ndi miyendo, mbalame zimasowa kwambiri pamtunda. Matendawa amakhala pansi m'madzi; pangozi, nthawi zambiri satuluka, koma kumalowa.

Pamagulu owuluka a loon palibe munthu wamkulu, motero kuchokera kumbali yomwe amathawa akhoza kuoneka ngati osokoneza. Gulu limakhala ndi timagulu tating'onoting'ono tambiri ta mbalame, tomwe mtunda umakafikira makumi angapo.

Izi ndi mbalame zochenjera kwambiri zomwe zimayesa kukhala kutali ndi anthu, chifukwa chake ndizosavuta kuzisintha kukhala zoweta, komabe, liwu la ma loon ndilosiyana kwambiri, amatha kutsanzira kulira kwa mbalame zina ndi nyama.

Nyimbo zina zomwe amapanga zimakhala zofanana kwambiri ndi mawu a munthu, mwachitsanzo:

• Pakupanga gawo lawo ndi nthawi ya chisacho, kulira kwawo kuli ngati kubangula kwa nyama,
• pakagwa ngozi, amapanga chenjezo lakuthwa kuti litikumbutse kuseka kwa anthu.

Chochititsa chidwi: Anthu akumpoto ali ndi nthano yomwe magulu a loons, omwe akuwomba atakwera ndege, amayenda ndi mizimu ya akufa oyenda panyanja.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Loon Chick

Ma loon ndi ogwirizana ndipo amapanga awiriawiri moyo. Amatha kubereka ali ndi zaka zitatu zokha; moyo wawo ndi zaka 15- 20. Zovala zokhala ngati zachiuno m'malo osungirako ndi madzi atsopano, osasunthika. Zomera zimamangidwa kuchokera ku udzu, mbewu zowola pafupi kwambiri ndi gombe. Kuchokera pamilingo iliyonse, mabowo awiri atatu amatsogolera kumadzi, mothandizidwa ndi omwe ma loon amapezeka mu chinthu chawo champhindi zingapo. Zisa zimakhala pafupifupi nthawi zonse kunyowa, chifukwa zinyalala zomwe zili pansi sizipangidwa ndi mbalame.

Masewera olimbitsa matumba a loon ndiwosangalatsa. Anthu omwe ali ndi kukuwa kwa khutu amathamangitsa wina ndi mnzake, mofulumira ndikulima pamwamba pamadzi ndikutambasula makosi awo. Matenga amachitika pamadzi. Ndi yopuma mpaka masiku angapo, yaikazi imayikira mazira atatu mpaka amtundu wakuda. Mazira amadzimilira masiku 25-30 ndi anthu onse, koma nthawi zambiri wamkazi.

Kuchokera kwa mbalame ndi owononga ochepa, anyamatawa amatha kuteteza mabowo awo. Ngati wadyera wamkulu kapena munthu akadzafika pamalo ogona, ndiye kuti mbalameyo imazungulira chisa kenako, nkupindika khosi, mwachangu kulowa m'madzi.

Kutuluka mtunda, loon amasambira mosawoneka bwino m'mphepete mwa nyanja, osapanga mawu. Ngati zomangazi zayamba kale kuswedwa, ndiye kuti mbalame zolusa zimasokonekera kuchoka pachisa ndi ana m'njira zonse zotheka: kutsamira, kufuula mokweza, kuseka, mapiko oluka. Kukula kwachinyamata amabadwira mumtambo wakuda. Nthawi zonse nkhuku zimayandikira kusambira ndi kulowa pansi, koma kwa masiku angapo abisala mu udzu. Amakhala odziyimira okha pakatha milungu 6, 7, ndipo nthawi imeneyi isanachitike makolo awo amawadyetsa ndi nsomba zazing'ono ndi ma invertebrates.

Adani achilengedwe a loon

Chithunzi: Madzi Loon

Mu chilengedwe, akuluakulu amakhala ndi adani ochepa, popeza ali osamala kwambiri ndipo, pangozi pang'ono, amawira pansi pamadzi kapena amalira kowopsa ndikuyamba kuwomba mapiko awo mokweza. Mitundu ina ya mandala, m'malo mwake, musayesere kulowa m'madzi, koma kuwuluka.

Ngati mbalame zokhwima zogonana zimatha kudziteteza kapena, mwina, kuthawa nthawi, ndiye kuti kupanga kwake nthawi zina kumawonongeka ndi akhwangwala, nkhandwe za arctic, skuas. Nyama zazing'ono zimathanso kugwiranso, ngakhale chisamaliro cha makolo awo.

Munthu si mdani wa loons. Nyama ya mbalame zam'madzi izi sizimasiyana pakukonda kwake ndipo zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kawirikawiri komanso kokha ndi anthu aku Far North.

Choopseza chachikulu chaziphuphu ndi zochita za munthu iyemwini. Kuipitsidwa kwa mafuta kochokera kunyanja kumawononga ma loon ochulukirapo kuposa adani achilengedwe.

Mbalamezi, zogwirizana ndi nyengo zovuta kwambiri zachilengedwe, zimatha kukhala m'madzi oyera okha, komanso zimakonda kwambiri mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Ngati ma loons sangapeze dziwe lomwe lili ndi madzi oyera kuti ayikire mazira, ndiye kuti theka la milanduyo sayikagona. Mbalame zikagonera mazira, ana ambiri amafa.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Momwe ma loon amawonekera

Kuthekera kwa kubereka kwa ma loon ndikotsika kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, amafa chifukwa cha zovuta zachilengedwe, nthawi zambiri amagwera pamaukonde a asodzi, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala olanda mwachisawawa osaka, omwe nthawi zambiri amasokoneza iwo ndi mbalame zina zamasewera.

Chodetsa nkhawa chachikulu ndi kuchuluka kwa pakhosi lakuda ndi tsitsi loyera. Mwachitsanzo, ku Europe kuli mitundu iwiri yokha ya abakha a khosi lakuda, mu Black Sea - osapitilira mazana asanu.

Mitundu iwiriyi ili mu Red Book of Russia ndipo ili ndi mtundu wowopsa. Makosi ofiira amaphatikizidwa m'bukhu loteteza zigawo zingapo za dzikolo. Maonekedwe a mitundu ina ya loons ndizokhazikika.

Chochititsa chidwi: Kwa zaka zambiri, madyerero achilendo achilengedwe anali kuchitidwa chaka chilichonse mu umodzi mwa mizinda ya Nevada ku United States pagombe la nyanja yamchere ndi madzi amchere. Anthu anakumana ndi magulu a mbalame zomwe zimayima padziwe kuti zidyetse ndikupeza mphamvu posamuka. Nyanjayo itayamba kupera komanso zomwe mchere komanso zinthu zovunda m'madzi ake zimachulukirachulukira, chikondwererocho chidatha kukhalako. Ma loon anangoyima pamenepo, ndikuwuluka mozungulira iye.

Ma loon samagwirizana ndi anthu. M'mabwinja, ndizosatheka kuti zikule, makamaka kuti ziberekane, ndiye palibe famu imodzi yomwe mbalame zosamalidwa izi zimasungidwa.

Loon Guard

Chithunzi: Loon kuchokera ku Red Book

Kuti musunge kuchuluka kwa mitengo yonseyi, simungathe kulowerera m'malo awo okhala. Zowopsa zomwe zikuopseza kuchuluka kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi ndi kuipitsa madzi am'nyanja ndi nyanja zamchere, makamaka zinyalala zamafuta pakuyang'ana kwa mafuta. Kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha nsomba za pelagic kumapangitsanso kuchepa kwa ma loons.

Ma loon amatetezedwa kumalo osungira zachilengedwe ndi malo opezeka m'maiko angapo ku Europe, madera angapo a Russia. Ntchito ikupanga yopanga malo osungiramo nyama zazikulu kwambiri, zoletsa anthu kuti azigwira ma peat pafupi ndi malowa. Kusodza kuyenera kuloledwa kwathunthu kudzera maukonde m'malo operekera mbalame ndi malo ogona.

Cholinga cha nkhawa chimakhudza kubala kwa anthu. Poyendera kwambiri m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi ndi alendo komanso asodzi, anyani omwe amapezeka m'madzimo amakakamizidwa kusiya zisa zawo, ndipo amaweruza kuti aphedwe. Izi ndi mbalame zosamalitsa, chifukwa sizibwerera kumaso. M'madzi ambiri omwe amapezeka, ma loon nthawi zambiri amasiya kuuluka.

Ku Russia, ma loon akuwopsezedwa makamaka ndi kusintha kwa nkhokwe m'matumba apamwamba chifukwa cha migodi ya peat ndi kufa kwa achichepere, akuluakulu akuluakulu, pamaukonde a asodzi.

LoonPokhala mbalame yakale yakale, idalipobe mpaka pano, ndipo ndizodabwitsa! Itha kutchedwa kuti chitsime chenicheni chamoyo. Kuti mitunduyi isakhale chinthu chakale, munthu ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa chidwi cha loon ndi zosowa zawo zobala.