Ma duckbill saurolophus dinosaurs amakhala Padziko Lapansi mu nthawi ya Jurassic, zaka pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni zapitazo. Nyama zikuluzikuluzi zinkayimira gulu lalikulu la ma dinosaurs otchedwa herbivorous ndipo amadyetsedwa kwambiri mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Zinali zolengedwa zopanda vuto lililonse, osachita mantha konse ndi zilombo, chifukwa zimatha Duckbill saurolophus khalani nawo mumadzi. Poona zotsalira, saurolophus yemwe anali ndi zala pakati pa zala zam'tsogolo, amadziwa kusambira kwambiri. Malinga ndi akatswiri azachilengedwe, nthambi zakumaso za saurolophus zinatha ndi phalanges zazikulu ngati ziboda.
Zolocha za saurolophus zinali zazifupi kwambiri kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. Zimayenda makamaka kumbuyo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo, kudalira mchira wamphamvu. Ndipo nyamazo zidatola pansi, ndikugwetsa mitu yawo m'madzi. Nthawi yomweyo, sanachite mantha kuyandikira, chifukwa anasiya kabulu kakang'ono kamene kali pamutu pamwamba pa madzi, komwe kanali ndi timachubu totalika tambiri timene timalowa. Ndi chithandizo chawo, saurolophus adachitanso ntchito yopuma pomwe anali m'madzi.
Pakadali pano, mafupa amtunduwu amasungidwa mu Paleontological Museum ya Russian Academy of Science. Kutalika kwake ndi mamita 5. Komabe, asayansi amadziwa za kukhalapo kwa anthu omwe kutalika kwawo kudutsa 10-12 m.
M'madinowa ogulitsa, mano anali ndi mawonekedwe apadera. Nsagwada iliyonse, mano opindika amakhala, okhala ndi mano 5-6, ngati kuti alumikizana. Amadziwika kuti kumapeto kwa saurikurs, mano opitilira 1000.
Kodi njoka ndiyabwino?
Njoka yoyesedwa (Elaphe dione). Ngakhale imodzi mwa mitundu yambiri ya njoka imatha kukhala ndi oyimirira amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Aliyense ali ndi "mbiri" yofananira: iyi imakhala imvi pang'ono, ndipo ndimdima, pafupifupi mawanga akuda, omwe amakhala mosakhalitsa m'thupi. Kupanda kutero, mtunduwo umatha kukhala wosiyana kwambiri, kuchokera ku imvi yopepuka mpaka yofiira.
Pakasungunuka, amatha kusintha kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kowala pang'ono, kosiyana. Mchira nthawi zambiri samapitirira masentimita 35, njoka imatha kutalika kuyambira 70 cm mpaka 2,5 metres. Mwa akazi, mchirawo ndi waufupi kuposa wamphongo, ndipo wocheperapo pansi. Komanso, kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti amuna amakhala ndi zikopa zambiri matupi awo.
Njoka yoyesedwa ndi m'bale wa njoka. Mamba omwe ali kumbali za thupi ndi osalala kwambiri, omwe amachititsa kuti azikhala osalala, osafanana ndi njoka zina.
Pomwe chozizwitsa chotere chimakhala
Njoka ndizofala kwambiri, mwina chifukwa chakuti amasintha mosavuta pazachilengedwe zambiri, kuyambira kumapiri kupita ku nkhalango zowoneka bwino. Pamiyala yamapiri, kunja kwa madambo, m'zigwa ndi mitsinje ya mitsinje, m'malo amchere, m'mphepete mwa mapiri, munthu amatha kukumana ndi njoka.
Izi zosaopsa kwa anthu.
Malo okhala ndi ochuluka kwambiri, njoka zimapezeka ku Korea, kumpoto kwa China, Central Asia, Ukraine, South Siberia, Transcaucasia, Iran ndi malo ena ambiri. Pazilumba zam'nyanja za Aral ndi Caspian, oimira ena amtunduwu adalembedwanso.
Njira ya njoka
Amatsogolera, makamaka, moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, amasintha nthawi yachisanu kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira mpaka kumapeto kwa masika. Kutalika kwa njoka kumakhala pafupifupi zaka 9, njoka zakukapolo zimatha kukhala zaka zopitilira 10.
Njoka yoyesedwa - njoka yolusa.
Miyoyo yambiri pansi pamizu ya mitengo, m'maenje, ming'alu yayikulu m'nthaka. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi anthu, amatha kukhala m'munda wamphesa, zipatso, m'munda wamasamba. Imathamanga kwambiri, imayenda bwino kwambiri pamtunda komanso panthambi za mitengo, imasambira ndi kulowa pansi bwino.
Chakudya cha njoka
Idya nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono, njoka zazing'ono, tizilombo, nsomba, mbalame, mazira a mbalame. Poyamba, njokayo imasenda ndi thandizo la thupi lake, kumeza wakufa yekhayo, kuyambira kumutu ndikusakanizidwa ndi malovu, kumeza mazira onse. Mwa njoka, milandu yokhudza kupha anthu m'mimbayi idalembedwa mobwerezabwereza.
Njoka yojambulidwa imakhala mlendo pafupipafupi wa anthu.
Kuswana
Pafupifupi zaka 2-3, kusasitsa kumachitika mu njoka, zazikazi zokhwima pambuyo pa amuna. Nthawi yakukhwima imachitika pakatikati - kumapeto kwa masika, nthawi zina kumapitirira mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Clutch, kuchuluka kwa mazira kumasiyana kuchokera pa 6 mpaka 25, chachikazi chimayikira mazira mu fumbi la mitengo yowola, mu udzu, pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, nthawi ya makulidwe imatenga pafupifupi mwezi.
Njoka zatsopano zotalika pang'ono ndizochulukirapo masentimita 20 ndi pang'ono kuposa magalamu 5 a kulemera. Kusenda kumayamba sabata itabadwa, kenako nkuyamba kudya mbewa zazing'ono.
Adani m'chilengedwe
Pakati pa njoka, panali zochitika za anthu wamba.
Nyama zakuthengo komanso mbalame ndi adani akuluakulu a njokayo. Kutha kusuntha ndikubisala mwachangu panthambi za mtengo kumakhala njoka yopulumutsa. Pakachitika ngozi, nsonga ya njokayo imayamba kugwedezeka mwachangu komanso mwamphamvu, ikumenya pansi, ndikupanga phokoso lodziwika.
Njoka ndi munthu
Njoka ndi zodekha, osati zapoizoni, sizowopsa kwa anthu, ndi njoka yomwe imalimbikitsidwa ngati njoka yakunyumba. Ndikwabwino kuyisunga m'malo otetezedwa ngati madzi kapena malo owerengera, makamaka ndi dziwe losambira komanso losambira.
Ndikofunika kuti tizilomboka tizilomboka, chifukwa cha thukuta lawo. Njoka zake ndi zachikondi komanso zodekha, ndizachilendo kwambiri kukumana ndi munthu wankhanza. Koma ndikwabwino kunyamula kumbuyo, kuchokera kumbuyo, ndikugwira njoka m'khosi, chifukwa ngati mutachita izi kutsogolo, njoka imadziponya kumaso. Osati owopsa, koma osasangalatsa.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Enter.
Pulypypus saurolophus adakhala padzikoli pafupifupi zaka miliyoni miliyoni 190 zapitazo. Nyama izi zinali zazikulu kukula. Soucholophus wa bakha anali wa abuluzi wazomera. Zakudya zawo zinkakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya algae.
Plypus saurolophus (Saurolophus).
Ma durbill saurolofs amatha kutchedwa zolengedwa zopanda vuto. Pakati pa zala, nyama izi zinali ndi nembanemba, zomwe zidapangitsa asayansi kunena kuti saurolophus amakhalabe moyo wamadzi. Miyendo yawo yakumbuyo inatha kumapira kwawoneka ngati ziboda. Ndipo zatsogola zinali zazifupi kwambiri kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo.
Sagolophus ya bakha imasunthira kwambiri kumbuyo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo, kwinaku ikutsamira mchira wopangidwa bwino. Amathanso kuyenda pamiyendo yonse inayi. Zipatso zamtsogolozi zinali zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni kulanda nthambi za nthambi.
Komanso ndi chithandizo chawo, ma dinosaurs atha kumanga zisa. Pamutu pake panali mutu wokulirapo, mkati mwake momwe munali timachubu zazitali zazitali zofika kumphuno.
Pali malingaliro onena za theka la m'madzi am'madzi a saurolophus.
Poyamba, ndimaganiziridwa kuti moyo wa duckbill saurolophus anali wam'madzi, ndipo wokwera ndi machubu adachita ntchito yopuma: pamene saurolophus ikamizidwa pansi pamadzi, mzere umakhalabe pamwamba pamadzi ndipo buluzi amatha kupuma mofatsa. Koma lero akukhulupirira kuti ma saurikurs adatsogolera moyo wamtunda ndikukhalamo ng'ombe. Ndipo chisa chija chinali ngati cholankhula.
Ma dinosaurs amenewa adagwiritsa ntchito kutsogolo kwawo kugwira nthambi ndi masamba, komanso kupanga zisa. Mano a ma dinosaurs osokoneza bongo anali ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka. Nsagwada iliyonse inkakhala ndi mano opindika, pomwe panali mano a 6,6 ngati kuti amata. Mu mitundu yamtsogolo ya saurolophus, mano opitilira 1000 anali mkamwa.
Paleontological Museum ku Russia ili ndi chigoba cha saurolophus wa duckbill, kutalika kwake ndi mamita 5. Koma kutalika koyerekeza kwamtundu wina ndi 12 m. Ngati mungapeze cholakwika, chonde sankhani ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Enter.
Wolemba Wanyama | Pulypypus saurolophus adakhala padzikoli pafupifupi zaka miliyoni miliyoni 190 zapitazo. Nyama izi zinali zazikulu kukula. Soucholophus wa bakha anali wa abuluzi wazomera. Zakudya zawo zinkakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya algae.
Plypus saurolophus (Saurolophus). Ma durbill saurolofs amatha kutchedwa zolengedwa zopanda vuto. Pakati pa zala za nyamazi panali ziwalo, zomwe zinapangitsa asayansi kunena kuti saurolophus amakhalabe moyo wamadzi. Miyendo yawo yakumbuyo inatha kumapira kwawoneka ngati ziboda. Ndipo zatsogola zinali zazifupi kwambiri kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo.
Sagolophus ya bakha imasunthira kwambiri kumbuyo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo, kwinaku ikutsamira mchira wopangidwa bwino. Amathanso kuyenda pamiyendo yonse inayi. Zipatso zamtsogolozi zinali zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni kulanda nthambi za nthambi.
Komanso ndi chithandizo chawo, ma dinosaurs atha kumanga zisa. Pamutu pake panali mutu wokulirapo, mkati mwake momwe munali timachubu zazitali zazitali zofika kumphuno.
Pali malingaliro onena za theka la m'madzi am'madzi a saurolophus. Poyamba, ndimaganiziridwa kuti moyo wa duckbill saurolophus anali wam'madzi, ndipo wokwera ndi machubu adachita ntchito yopuma: pamene saurolophus ikamizidwa pansi pamadzi, mzere umakhalabe pamwamba pamadzi ndipo buluzi amatha kupuma mofatsa. Koma lero akukhulupirira kuti ma saurikurs adatsogolera moyo wamtunda ndikukhalamo ng'ombe. Ndipo chisa chija chinali ngati cholankhula.
Ma dinosaurs amenewa adagwiritsa ntchito kutsogolo kwawo kugwira nthambi ndi masamba, komanso kupanga zisa. Mano a ma dinosaurs osokoneza bongo anali ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka. Nsagwada iliyonse inkakhala ndi mano opindika, pomwe panali mano a 6,6 ngati kuti amata. Mu mitundu yamtsogolo ya saurolophus, mano opitilira 1000 anali mkamwa.
Paleontological Museum ku Russia ili ndi chigoba cha saurolophus wa duckbill, kutalika kwake ndi mamita 5. Koma kutalika koyerekeza kwamtundu wina ndi 12 m. Ngati mungapeze cholakwika, chonde sankhani ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Enter.
Sikuti ma dinosaurs onse ovala bakha omwe adapatsidwa chokongoletsera pamutu pawo, zomwe zimapindulitsanso. Dzina lachi Latin Saaurolophus amachokera ku mawu achi Greek - lizst crest. Kukhalapo kwa zotsalira zamtunduwu mkati mwa mayiko awiri zikuwonetseratu kuti adalumikizidwa munthawi zachikondi zija. Kusamukira kwakukulu komanso kukonzekera gawo latsopano kunali kofala. Kutuluka kwa asayansi athu ndi komwe kunatsegula malingaliro aku Asia kwa anthu.
Poyamba, ndimaganiziridwa kuti moyo wa duckbill saurolophus anali wam'madzi, ndipo wokwera ndi machubu adachita ntchito yopuma: pamene saurolophus ikamizidwa pansi pamadzi, mzere umakhalabe pamwamba pamadzi ndipo buluzi amatha kupuma mofatsa. Koma lero akukhulupirira kuti ma saurikurs adatsogolera moyo wamtunda ndikukhalamo ng'ombe. Ndipo chisa chija chinali ngati cholankhula.
Nthawi ndi malo okhala
Zaurolofs zidakhalapo kumapeto kwa nthawi ya Cretaceous pafupifupi zaka 69,5 - 68,5 miliyoni zapitazo. Adagawidwa ku North America ndi Mongolia.
Chithunzi cha Volumetric cha Paul Harper, chikuwonetsa dinosaur momwe ilili.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Paleontological Museum ku Russia ili ndi mafupa a saurolophus woyamwa, kutalika kwake ndi mamita 5. Koma kutalika kwa mitundu ina ndi 12 m.
Mitundu ndi Mbiri Yopezeka
Tsopano mitundu iwiri yazindikiridwa ponseponse: Saaurolophus osborni (wamba) ndi Saaurolophus angustirostris.
Mabwinja a oyambayo, kuphatikiza mafupa pafupifupi onse, anapezeka ndi a paleumologist a ku America a Barnum Brown mu kapangidwe ka Canada Horseshoe, komwe tsopano amatchedwa Edmonton (1911). Kufotokozera zamitundu yomwe adatulutsa mu 1912. Dzinali limaperekedwa polemekeza mnzake mnzake Henry Fairfield Osborne, yemwe panthawiyo anali mtsogoleri wa American Museum of Natural History.
Zotsatira za kutuluka kwawo zidali zosangalatsa komanso zolonjeza kuti zidathandizira kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa asodzi omwe amatchedwa kuti ndi nyama zakale. "Matenda a dinosaur" koyambirira kwa zaka zam'tsogolo adayamba.
Hafu ya zaka zana limodzi (1947) ,ulendo wopita kumayiko ena kumwera kwa chipululu cha Mongolia cha Gobi mosazindikira anapeza Saurolophus angustirostris. Mtunduwu wafotokozedwa ndi katswiri wa ku Russia wa paleontologist Anatoly Rozhdestvensky mu 1952. Kupeza zambiri za mafupa angapo azaka zingapo kunamupangitsa kukhala m'modzi mwa akatswiri ophunzirira bwino kwambiri ku Asia.
Kapangidwe ka thupi
Kutalika kwa thupi la Zaurolof kufika 12 metres. Kutalika mpaka pamtunda wa 5. Amalemera mpaka matani 2.5. Woimira waku America anali wocheperako pang'ono poyerekeza ndi waku Asia, mpaka kutalika kwa 10 metres, koma ngakhale izi zikufanana ndi kukula kwa basi yayikulu.
Monga gawo la msipu, Zaurolof adakhala nthawi yayitali atagwira miyendo inayi, ngakhale adasuntha pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, kutsogolo kumathera ndi zala zolimba, zokhala ndi lathyathyathya, osangokhala othekera mosavuta, komanso ngati chithandiziro chabwino.
Chigoba chimakhala chamtambo komanso chosalala. Pamaso pa chigaza pali kufanana kwa mulomo wabakha. Zingwe zazingwe za mano zinali mkati mkamwa.
Mano a ma dinosaurs osokoneza bongo anali ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka. Nsagwada iliyonse inkakhala ndi mano opindika, pomwe panali mano a 6,6 ngati kuti amata. Mu mitundu yamtsogolo ya saurolophus, mano opitilira 1000 anali mkamwa.
Chosangalatsa kwambiri kwa asayansi ndi chingwe cholimba cha mafupa pamwamba pa sauroleph, omwe ntchito zake sizikudziwika. Malingaliro oyambira amachokera pakakhala gawo la khungu lophatikizika ndi crest ndikufikira kumapeto kwa muzzle.
Ndizotheka kuti anali ndi utoto wowala komanso wofukizira kwambiri akakuwa, motero amathandizira makanema ooneka ndi phokoso. Mofananamo, achule amazungulira makosi awo kuti mawu amveke. Kulira kwa ma saurogi chifukwa cha phokoso laphokoso kumatha kukhala kokweza kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, anali ndi njira yonse yosayina yosalekeza, yolola, makamaka, kuchenjeza za ngozi yomwe ikubwera. Kuphatikiza apo, mwa "tsitsi" lapadera ngakhale patali munthu amatha kuwona wachibale.
Pomaliza, chikwama chachikopa chowoneka bwino chimatha kugwiritsa ntchito ngati pikoko mumasewera akukhwima, nthawi ndi nthawi chimatulutsa ndi kugwedeza mutu monyada. Tikukhulupirira kuti zingapo mwazomwe zidachitikazi zidachitika nthawi imodzi, ndikupanga chida chogwira ntchito kuchokera kuchisa.
Zopatsa thanzi komanso moyo
Ndi pakamwa paphawa paphiri kunali kosavuta kwambiri kutula udzu Wam'mbuyo wa Cretaceous, singano ndi masamba a mitengo yayitali. Mano amphamvu amatha kuterera ngakhale nthomba.
Ma saurolofu analibe zida zapadera zoteteza. Zachilengedwe sizinapatse iwo zida zankhondo, kapena nyanga, kapena fanizo lofanana ndi munga wa ma iguanodons. Chifukwa chake, wina amayenera kudalira kukula kwakukulu ndi mchira wamphamvu, wolumikizana m'magulu olimba. Kuteteza anawo ndi zoyeserera, atha kuthamangitsa ngakhale ma theropod akuluakulu.
Pakukhazikitsidwa mazira, magulu a saurolophus adasankha mosamala malo okhalako m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena mitsinje, kenako ndikupanga zisa kuchokera pazinthu zopangidwa ndi manja (makamaka zazingwe, zowonjezera ndi nthaka yofewa ndi nthambi). Anapezeka pamtunda wocheperako wina ndi mnzake: 5-10 metres. Pano, kuyerekezera ndi zisa za flamesos zamakono ndizoyenera.
Zaurolof wachikulire adateteza achichepere m'njira zonse zomwe zingatheke, panthawi imodzimodziyo kupondera njira kufikira mphukira zokoma. Chisamaliro chinapitilira mpaka adatha kuchita zinthu pawokha, zomwe zimawonetsa bungwe lapamwamba la hadrosaurs. Mwina, atakula, panali mawonekedwe ena a banja lochezeka.
Kodi sizodabwitsa? Nyama zotukuka zoterezi zaka makumi mamiliyoni zapitazo zapitazo. Izi zimatithandizanso kukayikira chiphunzitso chofala kwambiri cha imfa ya ma dinosaurs.
Zaurolof
Zaurolof : "buluzi wazolowera"
Nthawi ya kukhalapo: Nthawi yovuta - zaka 75 miliyoni zapitazo
Gulu: Nkhuku
Dongosolo: Mankhwala othandizira
Malo: Ornithopods
Banja: Ma Hadrosaurids
Zodziwika za akatswiri othandizira:
- anayenda miyendo inayi
- idadya zamasamba
- amatha kuyenda pamiyendo yakumbuyo
- chizungulire chidatha ndi mlomo wofiirira
Sayizi:
kutalika - 12 m
kutalika - 4 m
kulemera - matani 2,5
Chakudya: dinosaur wa herbivorous
Tazindikira: 1952, Mongolia
Zaurolof ndi dinosaur wa Cretaceous.Zaurolof ndi woimira nkhuku-ma dinosaurs, banja la hadrosaurids. Ma dinosaurs ambiri a plypus ali ndi mutu wosalala, koma korona wokonzedwayo amakhala ndi chikhulupiriro ngati chala. Zaurolofs ndi ma dinosaurs a herbivorous; anadya zipatso ndi masamba.
chigaza cha saurolof
Masiku ano, nyama zosiyanasiyana (njovu, mikango yam'nyanja, ngakhale achule) amagwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho kutumiza zizindikilo kwa abale awo. Ma dinosaurs a Plypus amakhala m'mabanja, amasamalira ana awo. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndikupeza kochulukirapo ndi kuyikira mazira, ana aang'ono a magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko. Munda wa zisa udapezeka ku United States ku Montana mu 1979.
mafupa a saurolof
Mu 1912, chigoba chonse cha dinosaur iyi chinapezeka ku Canada. Dzina lake adamupatsa ndi paleontologist Barnum Brown, wogwira ntchito ku American Museum of Natural History. Kupambana kwa kuthamangitsidwa kwake kunapangitsa asayansi ambiri kufufuza ndi kupanga kafukufuku wawo pazinthu zakale. Nthawi ino imatchedwa "dinosaur fever." Ku Mongolia mu 1952, mafupa ena amtunduwu adapezeka - saurolof angustirostris. Zotsatira ziwiri izi, kuchokera ku America ndi Asia, zikuwonetsa kuti masiku amenewo panali kulumikizana pakati pa mayiko awa. M'mayiko ena onse, zotsalira za saurolophus sizinapezekepo.