Goshawk wakuda - wakuda ali ndi kukula kwa masentimita 43. Mapiko ake ndi amtali kuyambira 65 mpaka 80. Kulemera kwake ndi 235 - 256 magalamu.

Goshawk wakuda-wakuda (Accipiter melanochlamys)

Mtundu wa mbalame zamtunduwu umadziwitsidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi maonekedwe ake ofiira akuda komanso mawonekedwe ake. Goshawk wakuda - wokhala ndi malire amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mapiko apakatikati, mchira wamfupi komanso wamtali wautali komanso wopapatiza. Mtundu wa nthenga pamutu ndi thupi lakumwamba limasiyana kuchokera pakuda ndi utoto wonyezimira ndi shale wakuda. Khosi limazunguliridwa ndi kolala yofiyira. Nthenga zofiira zimaphimba gawo lonse lakumbuyo, kupatula pamimba, yomwe nthawi zina imakhala yolungika ndi mikwingwirima yopyapyala yoyera. Mtundu wakakhosi wakuda, mitsitsi yoyera imakonda kuwonekera. Maso amaso, nthenga ndi miyendo ndi chikasu cha lalanje.

Akazi ndi amuna ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana akunja.

Tizilombo tating'ono tofiirira tating'ono timakutidwa ndi nthenga zambiri ka buluu kapena bulawuni wakuda ndi kuwunikira pang'ono. Mikwingwirima yakuda yoyenda imadutsa pachifuwa ndi mchira. Kumbuyo kwa khosi komanso kumtunda kwa chovalacho kuli kokutidwa ndi kuyera. Zovala zodera zoyera. Thupi lonse pansipa lili ndi nthenga zambiri za kirimu kapena pinki. Mchiuno mwanjira imakhala yakuda pang'ono ndi mikwingwirima yofiirira. Gawo lam'mphepete mwa msewu limakongoletsedwa ndi mawonekedwe a herringbone. Iris ndi chikaso. Mtundu womwewo ndi nthenga ndi ma paws.

Pali mitundu isanu ya mtunduwu owona wa mtundu, wodziwika ndi maonekedwe omwe amakhala ku New Guinea, koma palibe amodzi omwe amafanana ndi goshawk wakuda.

Zizolowezi zakuda - zokutira goshawk

Goshawk wakuda - wokhala konsekonse amakhala m'malo okhala mapiri. Sizimatsika pansi pa 1100 metres. Malo ake amakhala pamtunda wa 1800 metres, koma mbalame yam'madzi siyikwera kuposa 3300 metres kuposa nyanja.

Mitundu yakuda yakutali konsekonse ndi mbalame zosowa.

Kugulitsa kwamaso akuda a Goshawk

Goshawk wakuda konsekonse wafika pachilumba cha New Guinea. Pachilumbachi, chimapezeka pafupifupi kumapiri kumapiri, m'mphepete mwa Geelvink Bay kupita ku Owen Stanley unyolo kudutsa Yuon Peninsula. Anthu okhala kwina amakhala ku Peninsula ya Vogelkop. Ma subspecies awiri amadziwika: A. m. melanochlamys - wopezeka kumadzulo kwa chilumba cha Vogelkop. A. m. schistacinus - amakhala pakati komanso kum'mawa kwa chisumbu.

Zodabwitsa za machitidwe akuda - ozungulira goshawk

Ma goshaw amtambo wakuda amapezeka okha kapena awiriawiri.

Monga mukudziwa, mbalame zodyerazi sizimapanga ndege zowonetsera, koma zimamera, nthawi zambiri pamalo okwera kwambiri pamwamba pa nkhalango. Mbuna zokhala ndi ulusi wakuda zimasakidwa makamaka mkati mwa nkhalangoyi, koma nthawi zina zimapeza zomwe zimadyera m'malo otseguka. Mbalame zili ndi malo amodzi omwe zimakonda kudikirira, koma nthawi zambiri olondolera nthawi zambiri amathamangitsa nyama yomwe ikuuluka. Atatengeka ndi kuthamangitsidwa, nthawi zambiri amachoka kuthengo. Mbidzi zakomaso zakuda zimatha kutulutsa mbalame zazing'ono kuchokera ku maukonde osakira. Zikamauluka, mbalame zimasunthira mapiko osinthasintha. Makoko oyendera mapiko sanatsimikizidwe ndi akatswiri.

Kubwezeretsedwa wakuda - konsekonse goshawk

Mitundu yakuda-yakamphaka yakuda kumapeto kwa chaka. Amuna nthawi zambiri samatha kudzipangira mpaka October. Mbalame zimakhazikika pamtengo waukulu, monga pandanus, kutalika kokwanira kumtunda. Kukula kwa mazira, nthawi ya makulidwe komanso kukhala pachisa cha anapiye, nthawi yosamalira makolo ndi ana sichikudziwika. Ngati tingayerekeze kuswana kwa mtundu wakuthengo wakuda ndi mtundu wina wa mbira zenizeni zomwe zimakhala ku New Guinea, ndiye kuti mbalame zamtunduwu zimadya mazira atatu. Kukula kwa anapiye kumatenga masiku makumi atatu. Zikuwoneka kuti kuswana kumakhalanso mu goshawk wakuda - wakuda.

Mitundu yakuda-yakamphaka yakuda kumapeto kwa chaka.

Kudyetsa kwamtambo wakuda

Mbawala zazingwe zakuda, ngati mbalame zambiri zodyedwa, zimadyera mbalame zazing'ono komanso zazitali. Amakonda kugwira achibale a njiwa. Amakonda kugwira njiwa ya ku New Guinea ya ku Guinea, yomwe imagawidwanso kwambiri m'malo a mapiri. Tizilombo tosiyanasiyana touluka tomwe timadyanso tizilombo, anyani, ndi nyama zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana, makamaka zapamtunda.

Kusungidwa kwa wakuda - konsekonse goshawk

Mitundu yakuda yakutali ndi mitundu yosowa kwambiri ya mbalame, kuchuluka kwa kufalikira komwe sikudziwika mpaka pano.

Malinga ndi 1972, pafupifupi anthu makumi atatu amakhala m'dera lonselo. Mwina izi ndizosawerengera kwambiri. Ma goshawks akhungu akuda amakhala m'malo ovuta kufikako, komanso, amakhala ndi moyo wachinsinsi, wobisala pamthunzi wa nkhalangoyi. Zinthu zoterezi zimawalola kukhalabe wosaoneka. Malinga ndi kulosera kwa IUCN, kuchuluka kwa mapanga akuda sizingokhala nthawi yayitali malinga ngati kuli nkhalango ku New Guinea, monga zilili masiku ano.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Hawk - kufotokoza, khalidwe. Kodi chiwamba chimawoneka bwanji?

Ponena za nyama zodya zilonda zotere, kukula kwa kambuku ndi kakang'ono - kakakulu kwambiri pakubamba - goshawk imakhala ndi kulemera kwa 1.5 makilogalamu, kutalika kwa mapiko sikupitilira 30 cm ndipo imafikira kukula mpaka 68 masentimita. Pafupifupi, kutalika kwa mapiko a kambuku sikupitilira 26 cm, kulemera kwa kambowo ndi 120 g, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi ndi 30 cm.

Pamutu pa kambuku nthawi zonse pamakhala maula. Mlomo wa khungubwi ndi waufupi, wowongoka, wolimba, ngati mbalame zodya nyama. Pansi pa mulomo pali sera, yomwe ndi chikopa chopanda khungu komwe kumakhala mphuno.

Maso a hawk nthawi zambiri amakhala achikasu kapena achikasu lalanje. Si chinsinsi kuti chiwombankhanga chimangokhala ndi masomphenya abwino, chomwe chili champhamvu kwambiri kuposa katatu kuposa maso athu. Maso a mbalameyi amatembenukira pang'ono, choncho akambuku amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a bino, amatha kuwona bwino chinthucho ndi maso onsewo. Ziphuphu sizimamva kwenikweni, koma chithumwa sichitanthauza kuti zili ndi mphamvu.

Mtundu wa amphaka nthawi zambiri imakhala yotuwa, imvi, ya bulauni kuchokera kumtunda, koma kuchokera pansi matupi awo ndi opepuka: oyera, achikasu, onenepa, koma mikwingwirima yakuda. Ngakhale pali mitundu yamtondo, monga kambuku wowala, wokhala ndi mitundu yowala. Zimachitikanso kuti zigamba zamtundu womwewo zitha kupakidwa utoto mosiyanasiyana.

Miyendo ya akambukuwa ndi achikasu achikuda, miyendo imenenso ndi yamphamvu kwambiri, yomwe imakhala ndi mikondo yakuthwa yomwe imagwira ngati akambuku posaka.

Mapiko a hawk ndi afupia komanso osalala, ngakhale kuti mitunduyi imakhala m'malo opanda nkhalango (mwachitsanzo, makoko a nyimbo) ali ndi mapiko akulu. Kapangidwe ka mapiko awo kumafotokozeredwa ndi momwe mbawunda zimakhalira. Ndipo popeza amakhala m'nkhalangomo, chilichonse chimakonzedwa kuti chizitha kugwira bwino ntchito, kabowo amatha kuuluka mosadukiza kudzera m'nkhokwe zowuluka, amatembenuka mwachangu, mbali zonse zoyandikira komanso zokhotakhota, kuchoka mwamphamvu ndikuima mwachangu, khazikani mwachangu amaponyera. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kotere, chiwombankhanga nthawi zonse chimawagwiritsa ntchito mosayembekezera. Mapiko a kambukuwo akufika mpaka masentimita 125.

Ziphokoso zitha kupanga mamembala a ki-ki, mwina kukhala ngati njira yolankhulirana pakati pawo. Pakati pawo palinso akaphokoso apadera oyimba, omwe mawu ake amamveka kwambiri, ali ofanana ndi phokoso la chitoliro.

Komwe kuli mbala

Malo omwe amakhala ndi ochulukirapo, ali konsekonse kwa Europe. Amapezeka ku Africa, Australia, komanso ku America konse. Amakonda kukhazikika pamalo opanda mitengo, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri samakwera kwambiri m'nkhalango, amakonda ma sparse, mapiri otseguka. Monga lamulo, achifwamba amakhala moyo wokhala mokhazikika, kupatula omwe akukhala madera akumpoto, atayamba kuzizira kwambiri, akuba kumeneko amasamukira kumwera.

Kodi nkhumba zimadya chiyani?

Monga momwe tidalembera pamwambapa, zigamba zosagoneka, zomwe zimadya ndi mbalame zazing'ono, zinyama zazing'ono, nsomba, achule, njoka, zimatha kuwombera ndikudya ngakhale zazikulu. Koma chakudya chomwe amakonda chomwe ndi mbalame zing'onozing'ono zomwe zili ngati nthenga: mpheta, mitengo, mitengo, mafumu, masewera, zipatso. Nthawi zina, nkhumba zimathanso kulima mitengo yayikulu, nkhanu, nkhunda, akhwangwala, mbalamezo. Mwa zolengedwa zomwe zimagwera akufiti kuti adye nkhomaliro, pali mbewa, makoswe, malovu amunda, agologolo, akalulu, mavu. Koma mbawala za ku Japan pereyaznik nthawi zina zimasaka mileme.

Pakusaka, achifwamba ochenjera amayang'anitsitsa nyama zawo, kenako modzidzimutsa. Nthawi yomweyo, chiwombankhanga chimathanso kugwira nyama zomwe zili pansi ndikuwuluka. Kuigwira ndimiyendo yake yamphamvu, imakufinya mwamphamvu, kwinaku ikuboola ndi ndodo zake zakuthwa. Pambuyo pake, amadya mnzake.

Koma kodi mbawala zazing'ono zimadya chiyani? Achinyamatawa amadya mphutsi, ntchentche ndi udzudzu monga mankhwala.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa khungubwi ndi falcon

Nthawi zambiri zopindika zimasokonezedwa ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama - zabodza, tiyeni tiyesere kufotokoza kusiyana pakati pawo.

• Choyamba, zabodza zimakhala m'gulu losiyana mwanyama - banja la falcon, pomwe akuba ndi a banja la kambuku.
• Zabodza ndizokulirapo kuposa mbala.
• Mapiko a falcon ndi akuthwa komanso aatali (kupitirira 30 cm m'litali), pomwe awoko ndi ofupikirapo (osachepera 30 cm kutalika), komanso onyansa.
• Maso a ma falcons nthawi zambiri amakhala a bulauni;
• Mchirawo ndi wafupikitsidwa chifukwa cha zabodza;
• Zabodzazo zili ndi dzino lolengeza kuti mulomo, mbala zilibe.
• Ziwopsezo ndi zabodza zimasaka mosiyanasiyana ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. A Falcons amakonda malo otseguka, amakankhira nyama yawo kumtunda waukulu, kuthamanga kwambiri.
• Kuchotsa anapiye, abodza amakhala ndi chizolowezi cholanda zisa za anthu ena, pomwe akambuku amachita izi kawirikawiri, koma amadzimanga zisa zawo bwino.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kambuku ndi kite?

Komanso, nkhumba zimasokonezeka ndi ma kites, pansipa tidzapereka kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mbalamezi.

• Kite imakhala yofupika komanso yofowoka poyerekeza ndi kambuku.
• Mchira wa kite ndi notch yolimba, umazunguliridwa ku hawk.
• Mlomo wa kite ndi wamtali komanso wofowoka kuposa msamba.
• Koma mapiko a kite, m'malo mwake, ndiwotalikirapo kuposa awoko.
• Kako sakhala msaki waluso ngati kambuku, nthawi zambiri zakudya zake zimakhala zovunda, zinyalala, nthawi zina zimatha kubera chakudya kuchokera kwa mbalame zina zomwe zimadya. Simunganene za hawk, mlenje wabwino kwambiri komanso waluso.

Goshawk

Choyimira ichi cha banja la hawk ndicho chachikulu kwambiri mwa iwo, kulemera kwake kumafikira 1.5 makilogalamu, kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 52-68. Komanso, zazikazi ndizazikulu kuposa zazimuna. Komanso, chifukwa cha kukula kwake, mtunduwu umatchedwanso kambuku wamkulu. Nthenga zake ndi zazifupi, zopindika pang'ono. Zopakidwa utoto, zofiirira. Amakhala ku Eurasia ndi North America, komwe amapezeka ku Africa, koma ku Morocco kokha.

African Goshawk

Mbalame yolimba yokhala ndi maondo olimba komanso zibwano zakuthwa. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 36-39 cm, kulemera kumafika 500 g. Mitundu yake imakhala yakuda. Monga momwe dzinalo likunenera, goshawk wa ku Africa amakhala kumpoto, kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa Africa.

Sparrowhawk

Iye ndi khungubwi kakang'ono - nthumwi yaying'ono kwambiri yaufumu wa ophanga. Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi masentimita 30-43 okha, ndipo kulemera kwake sikuposa 280 g. Mtundu wake ndiwofanana ndi chiwamba. Kanyama kakoko kakang'ono kamakhala pafupifupi ku Europe konse, komanso madera akumpoto a Africa.

Wakuba wopepuka

Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha mtundu wake - kuwala kowala. Ngakhale akatswiri a zoyereza atha kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri yamtunduwu wa koko: imvi ndi yoyera, kachiwiri, kutengera mtundu. Akatswiri opepuka amakhala ku Australia kokha.

European Tuvik

Ndi kambuku wa miyendo yayifupi. Woyimira wina wagulu la a hawk, ali ndi kutalika kwa 30 cm masentimita, ndipo amalemera mpaka 220. Miyendo ya hawk iyi ndiyifupi, motero dzina lachiwiri. Amakhala kumwera kwa Europe, kuphatikiza kumwera kwa dziko lathu, Ukraine, komanso ku Ukraine Crimea. Mitundu yamtunduwu ndi yopundira ndipo, kumayambiriro kwa kuzizira, imapita kukakhazikika nyengo yachisanu kumwera - kumpoto kwa Africa, Asia Minor, Iran.

Phokoso lofiirira

Komanso woyimira wamkulu kwambiri wabanja la hawk, kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita 60, ndi makilogalamu onse 1-1.4. Zowonjezera zake ndizofiyira komanso malo osiyanasiyana akuda. Mbawala yofiira imakhala ku Australia mokha, imakonda mbalame zankhuku (monga chakudya) ndi nyama zina zazing'ono zazing'ono.

Kuswana kwa Hawk

Anjomba ndi mbalame za m'mabanja zomwe zimakonda kupangira zisa zawo kukhazikika kwa ana awo. Mbalamezi zimayamba kumanga chisa miyezi 1.5-2 zisanakhwime, m'nkhalango zowuma kapena zobiriwira. Zingwe zimamangidwa, monga lamulo, kuchokera ku nthambi zowuma.

Chowoneka chochititsa chidwi: chiwopsezo ndichimodzimodzi ndikupanga banja moyo, ngati swans. Amaziikira mazira kamodzi pachaka ndipo amachita izi kwa masiku angapo. Mu clutch pamakhala mazira awiri mpaka 6. Zachikazi zimaziloza, ndipo zamphongo panthawiyi, monga zoyambira zabwino, zimabweretsa chakudya.

Akanyamula anapiyewo, anyamatayo amapitabe chakudya kwa milungu ingapo, koma amayi awo amadyetsa akambuku. Pakapita kanthawi, zazikazi zimayambanso kuwuluka kukasaka, koma kwa miyezi inanso iwiri, makolo a akambawo amapitiliza kusamalira ana awo. Tikakhala okhwima komanso kukhala odziimira pawokha, anagalu achichepere adzauluka kwina kuchokera kwachikhalidwe cha makolo awo.

Momwe mungadyetsere kachoko kunyumba

Kusunga khungubwi ndi chinthu chachilendo, koma ngati muli ndi nthumwi ya banja latsopanoli ali ku ukapolo, ndiye kuti muzikumbukira kuti owagwiritsa ntchito amayenera kudyetsedwa chakudya chake chachilengedwe - ndibwino ngati ali ndi makoswe ogulidwa m'sitolo yapadera. Mutha kudyetsa nyama yomwe idagulidwa m'sitolo, koma chakudya chotere sichingakupatseni kambuku pazinthu zonse zomwe zimafunikira. Kumbukiraninso kuti mu ukapolo mbalamezi zimapanikizika kwambiri ndipo ndizotheka kuti kambuku kafunikire kudyetsedwa ngakhale mokakamizidwa.

Zosangalatsa zokhudza apolisi

• M'malo ena, mbalame zazing'ono zam'madzi zimakhala pansi pa zisa za akatchire. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ma hummingbird samayimira chidwi cha gastronomic kwa akambawo, koma adani awo achilengedwe: ma jay ndi agologolo, m'malo mwake, akuimira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mbalame za humming mothandizidwa ndi kambuku zimadziteteza ku agologolo.
• Ubwenzi wa kholo ndi kukula kwa anapiyewo umasiyiratu, ngati kakhola wokhwima akafika chisa cha kholo mwa kukumbukira kwakale, makolo ake amamuthamangitsa ngati mlendo.
• Aigiriki akale ndi Aigupto adalemekeza hawk ngati nyama yopatulika, ndipo kuphedwa kwake kunkaonedwa ngati mlandu.
• Kuyambira kalekale, anthu aphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito kachilombo posakira zinziri ndi ma pheasants.