Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Makulidwe wamba, pafupifupi kukula kwa phulusa laphiri, mchira umafupika pang'ono. Kulemera 80-150 g, kutalika kwa masentimita 23-29. Utoto wowoneka bwino ndi wakuda kapena woderapo. Njira yodabwitsa ndikukweza mchira.

Kufotokozera. Utoto waimuna umakhala wakuda kwambiri, wokhala ndi mulomo wachikasu wowoneka bwino komanso mphete yachikaso chakhungu kuzungulira diso. Akazi amakhala amtundu wamtundu - bulauni lakuda, opepuka pansi, makamaka pakhosi ndi goiter, mtundu wa mulomo, komanso mphete zozungulira, zimayambira zachikaso mpaka zofiirira. Palibe mitundu yofananira. Kusintha kwa utoto wa nyengo sikofunika. M'nyengo yozizira yoyamba, amuna amakhala ndi maula okhala ndi bulauni, mulomo ndi wamdima. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala zakuda (kuphatikizapo kupaka), zofanana ndi zazikazi, zowonjezera zina, zokhala ndi mikwingwirima yayitali pamwamba pa thupi ndi mikwingwirima pansi pake.

Mawu. Nyimboyi ndiyabwino kwambiri ndipo ndiyokongola, imakhala ndi zitoliro zomveka bwino komanso zamitundumitundu, imamveka mosangalatsa, mosangalatsa, ilibe nthawi yayitali. Mosiyana ndi woimbayo, wakuda amabwereza kangapo kangapo kangapo. Mosiyana ndi nyimbo, ulesi, kupuma sikosiyana, mawu ambiri akumveka palimodzi, nyimboyo ndi yaphokoso, mphamvu zambiri, kamvekedwe kakang'ono, m'mawu ang'onoang'ono. Amayimba kwambiri, mwachangu kwambiri - mbandakucha, akukhala pamwamba kapena chisoti cha mtengo. Cholinga chofala kwambiri ndi "chita mantha. ". Ma Alamu ndi omwewo "chita mantha", Cod osiyanasiyana, etc.

Kugawa. Adagawidwa ku Europe, komanso kudera lina la Asia kuchokera ku Mediterranean kupita kum'mawa kwa China. Malo osungiramo ziweto amakhala pafupifupi ku Russia Russia, kupatula kumpoto kwa nkhalango ndi gawo lakumwera. Kumpoto chakumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa dera lathu, zovala zakuda zimakhazikika. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi osamukira kwawo; madera ozizira nthawi yachisanu ali kum'mwera kwa Europe, Transcaucasia, ndi Middle East.

Moyo. Mitengo yotambalala ya ku Europe ndi yodziwika bwino pamtunduwu, komanso yosakanikirana, yokhala ndi dothi lokwanira, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi mtsinje, mitsinje ndi malo ena onyowa, nkhalango zamvula zam'madzi ndi mitengo yamitundumitundu. Kumadzulo kwa Europe Russia imakhalanso nyama zamtundu wam'madzi zomwe zimakhala m'minda ndi m'mapaki. Pakati ndi kum'mawa kwa dera kumapezeka (mpaka pano?) Fomu "zakuthengo" zokha, ndizokhazikika m'malo osakhala anthu, komanso osamala kwambiri. Komwe kuli chisa ndi kachulukidwe kake kambiri, kofanana ndi mbalame zina zakuda - pansi kapena mpaka mamita angapo pamwamba pa nthaka, chimamangidwa makamaka ndi udzu, wokhala ndi matope ndi udzu. Nthawi zambiri kuposa ma wakuda ena, masamba a mitengo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa kunja chisa. Mu clutch 3-6, nthawi zambiri 4-5 mazira. Mtundu, ndizosiyanasiyana, zonse zofanana ndi mazira olimbitsa. Yaikazi imagwiruka kwa masiku 12-16, nthawi yomweyo yomwe anapiye amakhala mumchire.

Nthawi zambiri kuposa zovala zakuda zakuda, ma bollus amakhala nawo muzakudya. Zigoba zawo zotupa nthawi zambiri zimasweka m'malo omwe amakonda, "anvil" (miyala, mitengo yakugwa), pomwe milu ya zipolopolo zopanda kanthu imadzunjikana. Amadya nyama zambiri zam'madzi zam'madzi komanso zipatso zina, komanso zipatso, pofika nthawi yophukira zimawonjezera kukonda kwawo.

Maonekedwe ndi kuyimba

Blackbird (Turdus merula) - uku ndi kutalika kwakukulu mpaka 26 cm kutalika ndi kulemera kwa 80-125. Amuna ndi utoto wa matte wakuda ndi mulomo wachikasu wa lalanje ndi mphete kuzungulira maso, mbalame zazikazi ndi zazikazi zofiirira, zokhala ndi mchira wakuda, pakhosi komanso pamimba. .

Blackbird ndi woimba wamkulu. Amakonda kuyimba m'mawa mbandakucha. Nyimbo yake imamveka ngati ikulira chitolilo.

Habitat

Mtundu wakuda - Iyi ndi imodzi mwamitundu yambiri ya mbalame; imakhala moyo wongokhala kapena wamisala. M'nyengo yotentha, mbalame zakuda zimakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zowumitsa, zosakanizikana kapena zowuma bwino komanso dothi lonyowa, malo okhala m'nkhalango, komanso minda ndi malo osungiramo mitengo. Mtundu wakuda umakhala m'malo ngati amenewa ku Europe ndi ku Europe kwa Russia, ndipo ku Caucasus kumakhala nkhalango yamapiri. Mwambiri, mtunduwu umagawidwa pafupifupi ku Europe, umatha kupezeka ngakhale kumadera akumpoto kwa Scandinavia. Blackbird amakhalanso kumpoto kwa Africa kumapiri a mapiri a Atlas, ku Asia Little, Southwest India, kumwera kwa Australia ndi ku New Zealand. M'mbuyomu, mitunduyi imangokhala m'nkhalango, komabe, zaka 200 zapitazo, mbalame zidayamba kupezeka m'mapaki ndi minda, ndipo pazaka 80 zapitazi zakhala m'mizinda yambiri. M'mizinda yakum'mwera kwa Europe, wakuda wasintha kukhala mbalame yeniyeni yokhazikika ndipo amakhala m'mizinda.

KODI BUKULI LILI NDI CHIYANI?

Blackbird samasankha posankha chakudya ndipo amapeza nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi nyongolotsi, zomwe amaziyerekeza ndi nyongolotsi. M'chilimwe, chakudyacho chimadzazidwanso ndi tizilombo komanso zipatso zosiyanasiyana, ndipo nthawi yozizira, zipatso zosapsa. Mbalame imalandira madzi ofunikira ndi chakudya.

Pakutentha ndi chilala, nyongolotsi zikabisala pansi pamadzi, chotupacho chimayang'ana chakudya china chomwe chimakhala ndi madzi, mwachitsanzo, mbozi, aphid, zipatso ndi zipatso. Blackbird nthawi zambiri amapeza chakudya padziko lapansi. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuona mbalame zikuterera pakati pa udzu wocheperako, pomwe umasaka nyongolotsi. Ataimilira ndikuweramitsa mutu wake mbali imodzi, chikondicho chimangodumphira kutsogolo komanso pang'onopang'ono koma mosakhalitsa chimakoka chiweto pansi. Zomwe zimasangalatsa kwambiri zimadikirira nyama, zikuwona ntchito ya wosamalira dimba.

LIFESTYLE

Blackbird ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yambiri ya mbalame. M'mbuyomu, nkhokwe zimangokhala m'nkhalango zokha, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowongoka, zopanda masamba. Pafupifupi zaka 200 zapitazo, adasamukira m'mapaki ndi m'minda yam'mizinda, ndipo pazaka 80 zapitazi, ngakhale megacities akhala ndi anthu ambiri. Masiku ano, zovala zakuda zimapezeka m'minda yonse, m'mapaki ndi m'manda. Kukhalapo kwa anthu sikumawavutitsa konse. Ma Blackbird amakhala nthawi yawo yambiri pansi. Ndizosangalatsa kuwona momwe amapopera chakudya: nthawi yomweyo amalumphira pansi, ndikukweza mchira wawo, ndikuyima kwakanthawi kuti ayang'ane dothi. Kuyimba kosangalatsa kumamveka kaphokoso, kokhala ndi mithunzi yambiri. Mosiyana ndi nyimbo yosangalatsa, iye akuwonetsa pang'onopang'ono zida zina. Nthawi zambiri, tsitsi lakuda limamveka m'mawa kwambiri.

Kufalitsa

Nthawi yakudyaku, yomwe nthawi zina imayamba mu Okutobala, yamphongo yakuda imateteza madera awo. Akuluakulu amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala zinthu zawo zomaliza ndipo amakwatirana ndi amuna wamba.

Akazi akuda ochokera m'mabanja ena amasiyana chifukwa amakonza zisa pansi kapena pamiyeso yotsika. Kuchokera ku udzu, masamba ndi nthaka, amapanga zisa zokhala ngati kapu. Akamaliza kumanga chisa, chachikazi imayamba kuvulaza yamphongoyo - imadumphira kutsogolo kwake ndi mdomo ndi mchira wokwera. Wamphongo amamuyankha ndi kuyimba, akutumphuka nthenga ndikutsegula mchira wake. Mkazi akangokwatirana, amayikira mazira 3-5 obiriwira obiriwira ndikuwaphatikiza. Nthochi zimabadwa masiku 12-14. Makolo onse awiriwa amasamalira anapiye, omwe amawagwira ndikwabweretsa tizilombo.

Ng'ombe zimamera msanga ndipo pasanathe milungu iwiri kusiya chisa. Matumba achichepere omwe agwera kuchokera ku chisa amawuluka moipa, chifukwa masiku angapo oyambirira amakhala pansi. Mbalame za akuluakulu zimakhalira kulira kuti ziwachenjeze. Nthambi zakuda zimakonda kukhala ndi ndulu ziwiri nthawi yotentha. Ma boti ochokera koyambira kwambiri amatha kupulumuka.

MALANGIZO OTHANDIZA

Kuti muwone mkanjo suyenera kuyenda mtunda wautali - umawonedwa ngakhale pakati pa mzindawo. Potanganidwa ndi kusaka kwa zakudya, iye amalumpha pansi mwachangu ndi mchira wake ndikukweza pang'ono ndikuwonetsa mapiko ake - chifukwa cha izi amatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi woyambira. Kupatula apo, rook wakuda womwewo ndi wosiyana chifukwa umayenda pansi mwamtendere. Akazi akuda amakhala amoyo m'nkhalango, motero zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kukumana nawo pano. Ndipo kunkhalangoko mutha kumva nyimbo ya mbalameyi. Imakumbutsa nyimbo ya mtundu wakuda, koma nyimbo yakuda imachedwa pang'ono komanso ndichisoni.

DZIWANI IZI:

• Akazi akuda omwe amakhala m'mizinda nthawi zina amakhala m'miphika yamaluwa, pazenera lamakonde ndi makhonde.
• Mlanduwu umadziwika pomwe awiri akuda akakhala ndimakolo anayi mchaka ndikubala tiana 17.
• Mbidzi yakuda imafanana ndi chovala chanyimbo, chomwe makosi ake ndi chifuwa chake amakongoletsedwanso ndi mawanga. Nthawi zina zovala zakuda zachimuna zimavala zovala zachikazi ndipo zimabereka.
• Panthawi yophukira ndege yakum'mwera, mphepo yamphamvu imatha kunyamula anthu akuda kupita kutsidya lina la Atlantic Ocean.

ZINSINSI ZOCHULUKITSA ZA MALO OBALA. KULAMBIRA

Chachikazi: ali ndi nthenga zakuda zofiirira, pakhosi loyera, zipsera za dzira pachifuwa. Mwa akazi okalamba, mulomo umasanduka wachikasu.

Mwamuna: Ili ndi nthenga zakuda kwambiri, mulomo wachikasu komanso malire mozungulira maso.

- Malo okhala anthu akuda

Komwe KUKHALA KWA CHAKUDYA Kuwala

Ku Europe, anthu akuda amakhala kulikonse, kupatula Far North, komanso ku North-West Africa ndi Asia. Kukhazikika ku Australia ndi New Zealand.

KUTETEZA NDI KUPULUMUTSA

Mtundu wakuda unazolowera moyo wamunthu. Adakhala mlendo pafupipafupi kumapaki ndi minda.

Kuswana

Chisa cha mbalame chooneka ngati chikho chimatha kukhala pamalo okwera mpaka 8 m, pa firs, maini, mabatani, ma lindens, koma amathanso kukhala otsika kwambiri, pamitengo ngakhale pansi, pakati pamizu yamitengo yayitali. Zokongola zam'mizinda nthawi zina zimapanga zisa ngakhale m'miphika yamaluwa, pamakonde ndi pamabasiketi azenera. Mukamadula mazira 4 mpaka 7, makulitsidwe kumatenga masiku 12-14. Mankhusu amabadwa amaliseche ndi akhungu, nthenga zimamera mwa iwo masabata awiri atabadwa. Makolo onsewa amawadyetsa. Anapiyewo amakula msanga ndipo pasanathe milungu itatu achoke chisa. Zowona, makolo amapitilabe kuwadyetsa mpaka chakudya chachiwiri. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala kum'mwera zimatha kukhala ndimtambo katatu pachaka.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Mtundu wakuda - Ndi mbalame yodabwitsa, imadya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, nyongolotsi, mbewu ndi zipatso. Mbalame ikafunafuna chakudya pansi pakati pa thumba lamdondo, sichidziwika. Pansipa, masoka amafunafuna chakudya, kusuntha, kugwedeza komanso nthawi yomweyo kumangirira mchira wawo, nthawi zina amayima kuti ayang'ane dothi, kumasula ndi kuchenjera kutulutsa nyongolotsi. Nthawi zambiri, kukondera kumazindikira malo awo ndi khutu. Nthawi zina mbalame yakuda imadyera achule ndi abuluzi, amadya mbozi mosangalala. Pa nthawi yakuswana, nyama zimakonda kudya nyama yakuda. M'chilimwe, zakudya zake zimapangidwanso ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana, ndipo nthawi yozizira, zipatso zosapsa. Mbalame imalandira madzi ofunikira ndi chakudya. Koma pakatentha ndi pachilala, nyongolotsi zikabisala pansi pamadzi, chithaphalacho chimafunafuna chakudya china chomwe chili ndi madzi, mwachitsanzo, mbozi, nsabwe zobiriwira, zipatso zam'madzi komanso ma tadpoles.