Ndi chiyani chomwe chingakhale chabwino kwa asodzi kuposa kugwira nsomba? Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika kwambiri komanso zazikulu kwambiri za nsomba za nsomba zimaganiziridwa cod. Kumupeza ndikosangalatsa. Izi ndi zina ngati masewera.

Ambiri ogwidwa nsomba zamkati ku Norway. Chaka chilichonse pagawo la dziko lino pali mpikisano wadziko lonse lapansi pakuwedza nsomba zodabwitsazi. Munali pano kuti mbiri yakale anagwidwa, yomwe inali yolemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 100 ndipo inali yotalika mita imodzi ndi theka.

Awa ndi amodzi mwa anthu wamba onse am'banja la codfish. Pali mitundu ingapo yamapulogalamu ake. M'masiku akale, limatchedwa "Labardan." M'masiku amakono, amatchedwa cod chifukwa cha nyama yachilendo, yomwe imayamba kusweka itayanika.

Umu ndiye mtundu woyamba. Ena amati cod amatchedwa mwanjira imeneyi, chifukwa magulu ake akuluakulu amapanga phokoso lakusokonekera pamene akusunthira kukayamba kutulutsa. Kumveka kotereku kumapezeka mwa nsomba izi chifukwa cha kupindika kwa minofu ya chikhodzodzo.

Zinthu ndi malo okhala ndi cod

Kukula kwa cod sikutha pamoyo wawo wonse. Ambiri a nsomba zam'nyanja kale ali ndi zaka zitatu ali ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 45-55. Makulidwe a anthu akuluakulu amadalira kwathunthu malo awo okhala ndi moyo wawo. Chachikulu kwambiri, monga tanena kale, chikhoza kukhala cha 1.5-2 metres m'litali ndi 95 kg.

Kuyang'ana chithunzi cod mutha kuwona kuti thupi la nsomba lili ndi mawonekedwe a fusiform. Mapeyala awiri ndi mapiko atatu kumbuyo kumawonekera bwino pa icho. Mutu wa nsomba ndi wamkulu ndi nsagwada zosasiyanasiyana.

Nsagwada ya m'munsi ndiyazing'ono poyerekeza ndi kumtunda. Chizindikiro cha onse mitundu ya cod ndi tendril yomwe imamera pachink. Miyezo ya nsomba izi si yayikulu komanso yokhazikika. Imayang'aniridwa ndimtundu wobiriwira, wachikaso ndi maolivi, omwe amathandizidwa ndi malo ang'onoang'ono abulauni. Kuphatikiza apo, mbali zonse zimakhala zowala kuposa msana, ndipo m'mimba ndimayera koyera kapena chikaso chopepuka.

Mu mtundu wa cod pali mitundu inayi ya mitundu, momwe pollock idawonjezedwa posachedwa:

— Atlantic cod ankaona wamkulu kwambiri mwa nsomba zonsezi. Imatha kukula mpaka mamita awiri m'litali, ndikulemera 95 makilogalamu. Mimba yake ndi yoyera kotheratu ndipo kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiirira kapena maolivi, komwe kumakhala mitundu yobiriwira. Mitundu iyi ya cod imakhala makamaka ku Nyanja ya Baltic komanso ku Greenland.

— Pacific cod pang'ono poyerekeza ndi atlantic. Imakula mpaka masentimita 120, kulemera kwa 23 kg. Kunja, imafanana kwambiri ndi nsomba za Atlantic. Chokha kupatula mutu wake, womwe ndi waukulu komanso wokulirapo. North Pacific, Bering, Okhotsk ndi Nyanja ya Japan ndizomwe zimakhala zamtunduwu wa cod.

— Zeze ofanana kwambiri ndi Pacific, amangokhala ndi zazikulu zazing'ono. Kutalika kwake, nsombayi imafika masentimita 77, motero, ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala kocheperako. Kuwona dzina la nsomba, mutha kuzipeza pagawo la Greenland.

- Pollock ali ndi thupi locheperako. Kutalika kwake kokwanira kumafikira masentimita 90. Ndipo kulemera kwake sikoposa 4 kg. Kunja, pollock imakhala yofanana ndi mitundu yonse ya cod. Madzi okonda kupukusa madzi oundana a Pacific ndi North Oceans. Zaka zoyambirira za cod sizigwira ntchito kwenikweni. Amatha kulekerera kutentha pang'ono. Cod pafupifupi simalowa m'madzi am'mbali mwa nyanja.

Amamupatsa chidwi ndi madzi ozizira a nyanja zakumpoto, omwe amapezeka kumpoto kokha kwa dziko lapansi. Mitundu ikuluikulu ya nsombazi ndi North Northantic.

Koma ndi zonsezi, kutentha kwambiri sikumakonda cod. Nsomba zambiri zomasuka zimamva m'madzi ndi kutentha kwa 0,5 madigiri. M'malo omwe madziwo ndi ochepa kwambiri, cod imakwera m'magulu ake kumtunda ndipo imakhala nthawi yayitali komweko.

Nsomba, zokhala ndi mitundu yotere, zimatha kusuntha mosavuta kuchokera kumagulu pansi mpaka kutsika kwamadzi. Izi zimathandizira kuti cod zizolowera kumalo ake. Koma si zonse.

Cod imakonda kukhala ndi moyo wopanikizika, imatha kusintha mozama ndikusintha kuchokera ku mtundu wina wa chakudya kupita ku wina. Nsomba zikuluzikulu kwambiri izi zimakula mwachangu ndipo ndi imodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri nsomba padziko lapansi.

Anthu amawona kuti ndi "mphatso ya Mulungu," chifukwa palibe chomwe chimatayidwa kuchokera ku nsomba. Cod chiwindi dzazani m'mimba mwake. Pambuyo pokonzekera mwapadera, mafupa ake amakhalanso oyenera kuwagwiritsa ntchito. Ndipo mutu ndi zinthu zina zonse zofunikira mukaphika ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothira feteleza.

Nsomba zamalonda izi zili ndi zabwino zambiri. Komanso pali zovuta zina za cod. Nthawi zina, ngakhale nthawi zambiri, majeremusi amapezeka mu nsomba. Mmenemo mumatha kukhala mphutsi zam'mimba zowopsa kwa thupi la munthu. Chifukwa chake, mukadula, muyenera kupenda mosamala mkati mwa nsomba ndi chiuno chake.

Ngakhale utatha kukonza nyama ndi kutentha kwambiri, imakhala yowopsa kwa anthu chifukwa imatha kuwapatsira mphutsi. Mu chiwindi cha cod, pakhoza kukhalanso nematode helminths. Kuti muwawone pachiwindi, muyenera kungodula tating'ono ting'ono. Nthawi zambiri zodabwitsazi zimapezeka mu nyama yamzitini ndi chiwindi cha cod.

Ambiri akudabwa nsomba za cod kapena nsomba zamtsinje. Yankho ndi losatsutsika. Chifukwa zina mwa mitundu yake adazolowera kukhala m'madzi atsopano.

Cod yamtsinje sizikusiyana ndi mlongo wake wapamadzi, zomwezi zofananira, njira yomweyo ya moyo ndi nthawi yake. Kusiyana kwawo ndikuti nsomba zamadzi zatsopano zimatha kucha pang'ono ndipo siziyenda mtunda wautali, ngati nsomba zam'nyanja.

Kufotokozera

Poyamba, nsomba za mitundu mitundu sizinthu zamtundu, koma mtundu womwe umaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo ndi mitundu yazinthu zingapo. Amatenga malo otsatirawa pagulu lolandilidwa:
kalasi - nsomba za ray
chothandizira ngati nsomba zamkati
banja cod
mtundu - cod.

Nthawi zambiri, mawonekedwe a nsomba za nsomba za nsomba za m'nyanja atha kufotokozeredwa motere:

• Thupi lopangidwa ndi diamondi ndi mchira wamtambo. Kukula kwakukulu kumafikira pang'ono kupitilira zipsepse.
• Mutu wawutali wokwera, nsagwada pang'ono pang'ono kufupikira kuposa kumtunda.
• "Metevu" ndiwofatsa pamtchire (mwina sangakhalepo oimira mabungwe ena amtsinje).
• Zipsepse za Dorsal - 3, anal - 2.
• Mtundu wodziwika ndi kuti m'mimba ndi yoyera, kumbuyo ndi mbali zake ndizobiriwira kapena maolivi (kutengera mitundu), wokhala ndi malo amdima ambiri. Mamba awo ndi ang'ono komanso owongoka.

Kukula kwa cod kumadalira mtundu wake ndi mtundu wake, komanso zaka. Monga nsomba zina zambiri, imakula moyo wake wonse, ndipo imakhala mpaka zaka 25 (Atlantic cod). Oimira mtunduwu amatha kufika pa 1.8 m pakafika zaka, koma anthu otere ndi osowa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri nsomba zomwe zimakhala zazitali masentimita 40-80 ndi ochepera zaka 10 zimagwidwa.

North cod imagawidwa m'madzi a nyanja zonse zakumpoto, kuzungulira Nyanja ya Arctic mu mphete. Kuphatikiza apo, chimakhala chakuya osaposa 100 m, kufupi kwenikweni ndi zilumba, komanso kupewa nyanja yamadzi pansi pake.

Zosiyanasiyana

Mitundu ya cod yotsatirayi ilipo:

• Atlantic
• Pacific cod
• zeze
• Pollock

Mtundu wina, nsomba zam'madzi za banja la ma cod zimawonekera - Arctic cod, wopangidwa ndi subspecies a ayezi ndi East Siberian. Zotsatira zake, mitundu ya Atlantic cod, asayansi amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu ya Baltic cod, White Sea ndi Kildin. Pali mikangano yokhudza kupezeka kwa Nyanja Yoyera - kuchokera pomwe ma Western ichthyologists amafananso, monga omwe akuimira mtundu wa Greenland.

Mitundu ya nsomba za Cod imasiyana kukula, nthawi yamoyo, malo okhala ndi magawo ena.Woimira wamkulu wa mtundu - Atlantic, amakhala m'mphepete mwa Europe ndi America. Dera lakumwera la malowa ndi Bay of Biscay ndi dziko la South Carolina, malire, kumpoto ndi Barents Sea ndi Greenland. Imafika pamtunda wolemera makilogalamu 90.

Ku Russia, mabungwe ake amakhala, makamaka Kodin ndi Baltic cod. Ma subspecies ngati Kildinskaya ndi omwe amapha Nyanja ya Mogilnoye pachilumba cha Kildin (dera la Murmansk). Zapezeka kumeneko kuyambira pomwe nyanjayo idadulidwa kunyanja ndi chingwe chamiyala (pafupifupi zaka chikwi zapitazo). Munthawi imeneyi, cod yoponderezedwa - kutalika kwake ndi kutalika kwa 60 cm - ndikupeza mtundu wowala. Caviar yake idatembenuka kuchokera pansi kupita ku pelagic, chifukwa pansi pa Nyanja ya Grave pali poizoni wa hydrogen sulfide. Titha kunena kuti mwakutanthauza kuti ndi nsomba ya mumtsinje, chifukwa kumtunda kwa 5 m wamadzi mu Nyanja ya Tomb ndiatsopano. Mchere ndi pakati chabe.

Pacific cod, yemwenso ndi Far East, alinso gawo la nsomba zachilengedwe zaku Russia. Imapezeka m'madzi am'mphepete mwa Bering, Okhotsk ndi Nyanja ya Japan. Amasiyana ndi gulu la Atlantic ndi mutu wokulirapo wophatikiza ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi, komanso mawonekedwe a chikhodzodzo. Kutalika kwakukulu kumakhala pafupifupi 50 cm, kutalika 90.

Greenland cod ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yochepa kwambiri. Kutalika kwakukulu ndi 85 cm, pafupifupi, nsomba zomwe zikugwidwa ndizikhala zazitali masentimita 35 mpaka 40. Zimakhala pagombe la Greenland.

Posachedwa, pollock yodziwika bwino, yomwe imayesedwa ngati mtundu wina wa cod, adasankhidwa kuti apange nsomba zamkati. Nsomba zokhala ngati nsomba zamtunduwu zimakhala pakati pa Nyanja ya Japan mpaka m'mphepete mwa Alaska. Ili ndi thupi laling'ono lopangidwa ndi torpedo, mtundu wa msana umasiyana kuchokera ku chikaso kumuda. Ili ndi chakudya chotsika kwambiri.

Mitundu iwiri ya cod wakumpoto - ayezi ndi East Siberian - ndi osiyana ndi mtundu wina. Izi ndi mtundu wocheperako, kutalika kwa oimira awo sikudutsa theka la mita, ndipo misa sioposa 1.5 kg.

Habitat

Ku Pacific Ocean, cod imapezeka ndizochepa, kuchokera ku Bering Strait kupita ku California. Zochulukirapo kuposa iye mu Nyanja ya Atlantic. Kummawa kwa Atlantic kumakhala paliponse kuyambira ku Bay of Biscay mpaka Nyanja ya Barents, kumadzulo - kuchokera ku Greenland kupita North North. Imapezeka ku Arctic Ocean kudera lonse lamadzi.

Ku Russia, cod imapezeka ku White, Barents ndi Kara Seas. Izi nsomba zikuphunzira, zimayendera m'masukulu akulu, zimakhala makamaka m'munsi, ngakhale mwakutero sizinali nsomba zochepa. Malo omwe iye amawakonda kwambiri mpaka 100 m, motero, malo omwe amapezeka sakupezeka nyanja zakuya kwambiri (kuphatikizapo desaline), monga Baltic, kapena gombe lam'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi malo okhala.

Oimira ambiri amtunduwu amakonda madzi amchere, ngakhale ena - White Sea, Baltic, Kildim - atasinthidwa ndi madzi amchere ochepa.

Chikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe cha ma cod

Zonsezi chikhalidwe ndi mitundu ya cod ndizogwirizana kwathunthu. Pacific cod amakonda moyo wokhazikika. Mu nyengo, ikhoza kusamukira mtunda wautali chabe. Mu nthawi yozizira yozizira, amakonda kukhala akuzama mamita 30-55. Ndi isanayambike kutentha ayinso kuyenda pagombe.

Atlantic cod imadalira kwathunthu mafunde am'nyanja. Kusamukira nthawi yayitali kwa iye kumayendetsedwa ndi zinthu. Pakusambira, masukulu a nsomba amatenga mtunda wautali kuchoka pamtunda mpaka kumatalika. Nthawi zina amafika mpaka 1.5,000 km.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa atlantic

Cod imakonda kusambira m'madzi akuya. Koma, ngati akufunika kugwira nyama yolusa, imadzuka popanda mavuto ndikukwera. Mwakutero, awa si gulu la nsomba. Koma mutha kuwona magulu ake akuluakulu m'malo amenewo momwe muli chakudya chochuluka.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Cod imathetsa mavuto okhudzana ndi thanzi kwambiri choyambirira. Zimadutsa magawo awiri mu chitukuko: benthophage ndi wolusa.Ana a Cod, asanafike zaka zitatu zokha, azidyetsa kwambiri ma crustaceans ndi mollusks kuchokera pansi. Zipolopolo za mapira a bivalve ndi cholepheretsa ana a cod, chifukwa chake, monga lamulo, imaluma "miyendo" yawo yoponyedwa kuchokera ku zipolopolo kuti zisunthe. Ma clams ang'onoang'ono amatha kumeza lonse.

Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, ma cod, kuphatikiza mitundu yaying'ono, imakwanira kukula kokwanira kuti musinthe moyo wazomwe zimakonda. Wodya nyama yayikuluyo ndi hering'i, saury, capelin, komanso mwachangu amitundu yawo. Pacific amadya navaga, pollock, octopus, crab ndi shrimp.

Mitundu yaying'ono ndi subspecies - Arctic, Kildim, etc. - mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo kumatha kudya makamaka crustaceans ndi mollusks. Anthu okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja amatha kudya ma mbewa, nyongolotsi, mphutsi, ndi zina zambiri.

Khalidwe

Zonsezi chikhalidwe ndi mitundu ya cod ndizogwirizana kwathunthu. Pacific cod amakonda moyo wokhazikika. Mu nyengo, ikhoza kusamukira mtunda wautali chabe. Mu nthawi yozizira yozizira, amakonda kukhala akuzama mamita 30-55. Ndi isanayambike kutentha ayinso kuyenda pagombe.

Atlantic cod imadalira kwathunthu mafunde am'nyanja. Kusamukira nthawi yayitali kwa iye kumayendetsedwa ndi zinthu. Pakusambira, masukulu a nsomba amatenga mtunda wautali kuchoka pamtunda mpaka kumatalika. Nthawi zina amafika mpaka 1.5,000 km.

Cod imakonda kusambira m'madzi akuya. Koma, ngati akufunika kugwira nyama yolusa, imadzuka popanda mavuto ndikukwera. Mwakutero, awa si gulu la nsomba. Koma mutha kuwona magulu ake akuluakulu m'malo amenewo momwe muli chakudya chochuluka.

Izi ndi nsomba zodya nyama. Ndipo chikhalidwe chake cholusa chimadziwonekera pazaka zitatu. Kufikira zaka zitatu, cod imadya plankton ndi crustaceans yaying'ono. Kwa munthu wamkulu, chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi capelin, saury, hering, saiga, malovu ndi kusungunuka. Mwa nsomba zamtunduwu cannibalism ndi zovomerezeka. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri nsomba zazikulu zimatha kudya zazing'ono.

Pacific cod amadya pollock, safironi cod, mphutsi ndi ma mollusks. Kuphatikiza pa nsomba, ma cod amatha kudya ma invertebrates ang'onoang'ono, omwe amakhala okwanira okwanira panyanja.

Khalidwe la nsombayi mumnyengo yosiyanasiyana imasiyanasiyana motere:

• Kasupe (kumapeto kwaFebruwari - Meyi) ndi nthawi yowonekera. Mitundu ina imasamukira ku mtunda wautali, makamaka, Atlantic cod imapita m'malo omwe amapezeka ku zilumba za Lofoten. Ena amangoyenda mkatikati, kumalire a madzi ofunda ndi ozizira.
• Chilimwe. Cod amadya mozama kwambiri pansi.
• Wagwa. Momwe kuwunikira konse ndi kutentha kwamadzi kumatsika, ndi kuya kuya kukulira, cod imayenda m'madzi osaya, kumene mafuta akudyetsedwa.
• Zima. Nyengo yake imakhala nyengo yopanda madzi, pathanthwe komanso m'mbali mwa nyanja.

Mitundu ya Cod imakonda madzi ozizira, koma zimadalira kwambiri kuwunika.

Kubala ndi kutalika kwa nthawi ya cod

Kutha kwa cod kumachitika zisanu ndi zinayi. Mu pollock, zonsezi zimachitika kale kwambiri, pofika zaka 3-4 amakhala okonzekera kubereka. Inali panthawiyi pomwe nsomba zimapita kukatulutsa.

Kumayambiriro koyambirira, ichi ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha cod. Pazitali pafupifupi 100, zazikazi zimayamba kutulutsa. Izi zimachedwetsedwa kwa masabata angapo. Akazi amataya mazira m'magawo. Nthawi yonseyi yamphongo ili pafupi ndipo imakumana ndi mazira. Izi ndi zina mwa nsomba zodziwika bwino. Mkazi m'modzi amatha kusesa mazira 500 mpaka 6 miliyoni.

Mitundu ya cod Pacific imakhala pansi pamadzi ndipo imagwira pansi pamalowo. Ma caviar a Atlantic cod amatengedwa kupita kumpoto ndi omwe alipo ndipo mwachangu amapangidwa pafupi ndi lat kumpoto. Cod amakhala pafupifupi mpaka zaka 25.

Kufalikira

Kutengera ndi malo omwe akukhalako, kutentha kwa zinthu ndi zinthu zina, ma cod amayamba kuyambira Januware mpaka Epulo kapena kuyambira mwezi wa Malichi mpaka Meyi. Pafupifupi, kumacha kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kuyambira kumapeto kwa February mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Marichi.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zaka zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cod imasiyanasiyana.Chopondera pansi ndi zaka 3-4 (pollock, mitundu ina yaying'ono), chapamwamba ndi zaka 7-8 (Atlantic lalikulu cod). Mitundu yapakatikati yomwe imakhala ku Arctic ndi Pacific imayamba kudzala pofika zaka 5.

Zinayamba kupanga - kuchokera 500,000 mpaka 6 miliyoni. Caviar imakhala pansi kapena pansi m'madzi, ndipo mbali yayikulu imadyedwa ndi nsomba zina. Mphepo zam'mbali mwa nyanja zimatha kutulutsa caviar komanso mwachangu kwa makilomita mazana ambiri.

Mtundu uliwonse wa cod, kupatula Kildin, uli ndi malo ena owonekera.

Usodzi wama cod

Kupeza nsomba izi kwakhala kosangalatsa nthawi zonse. Koposa zonse, amakhala pamimba pa nyongolotsi yamoyo, makamaka wokhalamo mchenga. Njira yoyenera kwambiri yogwira imawonedwa kuti ndi "prying". Nthawi yomweyo, mbedza yomwe ili ndi nyambo imaponyedwa mkati mwamadzi, ndiye imangotuluka mwadzidzidzi ndipo kugwira sikukutenga nthawi yayitali.

Mu chithunzichi, kutumikiridwa kwa masamba ophika

Momwe mungaphikire nsomba zamkati

Zakudya za Posh zitha kukonzedwa kuchokera ku nsomba. Chokoma kwambiri komanso chathanzi cod roe. Cod zamzitini, kuzifutsa, yokazinga, stewed, yophika, mchere. Zokoma cod mu uvuni.

Kuti muchite izi, sambani bwino chosema mchere ndi tsabola, valani pepala lophika. Payokha, muyenera kusakaniza zomwezo mayonesi ndi zonona wowawasa. Onjezani mandimu ndi mpiru pang'ono ndi msuzi uyu.

Thirani fillet ya nsomba ndi izi ndikuyika kwa theka la ola mu uvuni wotentha. Mbaleyi ndi yokoma komanso yathanzi. Sangosinthanitsa menyu awo, komanso amathandizira thupi ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira zomwe nsomba zomwe muli.

Njira zophera nsomba

Cod ndi nyama yolusa yomwe imadya bwino nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Koma ndikofunikira kuigwira nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira, pomwe nyama yake itangodya - nsomba yaying'ono - imayandikira m'mphepete mwa nyanjayo ndipo imayima pakuya kwa mita pafupifupi 30. Nthawi zina imatha kufikiranso kukamwa kwa mtsinje waukulu, koma osatero. Chifukwa chake, nyengo yayikulu imachokera ku Okutobala mpaka Okutobala. Kuyambira mwezi wa February, nsomba zimapita kumadera omwe amapangidwira ndikukhala mozama. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, m'chilimwe, kugwira cod kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa kumakhala kokhazikika.

Cod imakodwa ndikuwala kwa tsiku, chidwi chapadera chimayenera kulipidwa kumabanki amchenga.

Ndi zida ziti ndi nyambo yoti mutenge?

Monga zida zazikulu:

• kutuluka kuchokera ku chitsulo kapena fiberglass mpaka 2.4 m kutalika,
• mzere wasodzi - kuluka 0,25-0.4 mm, kutalika mpaka 150 m,
• madzi amchere osagwirizana ndi chitsulo,
• matipi a nambala No. 12-14 pa leash,
• mbedza yokoka nyama.

Asodzi akakhala asodzi amakonda kusaka nsomba zamkati kwa asodzi aliwonse amtendere, chifukwa nthawi imawulukira posaka gulu la nsomba zamakhola. Kusodza nsomba zamkati mozama mita makumi asanu ndi njira yolimba komanso yolimbikitsa. Angler ndi okonzeka kupereka zochuluka chifukwa cha adrenaline yotere.

Monga nyambo, zopota zofanana ndi tinsomba tating'ono tokhala ndi thupi lopapatiza, monga hering'i, timalimbikitsidwa. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyambo za nsomba - nyambo ya nyambo, komanso nyama ya nsomba zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza nsomba za cod zomwe. Nyama ya malemes, ena ochita kusenda, akangaude, ndi zina zimalimbikitsidwanso .. Nyama ya nyama izi zimadya cod mosangalala kwambiri.

Mutha kuyambiranso oyendetsa ndege - ofiira komanso obiriwira pomwe kuli mitambo, kapena siliva ndi golide wa lalanje mukanyowa.

Katundu

Cod ndi nsomba yam'madzi yomwe imakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri komanso ochepa mafuta. Nsomba izi zitha kuphatikizidwa muzakudya za aliyense amene safuna kukhala ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ma cod ndi othandiza kwa anthu onenepa kwambiri, kwa iwo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti achepetse kudya mafuta ndi michere yambiri, koma osakhala mwa nsomba konse.

Cod pamtengo wokondera ndikufanana ndi nyama, kupatula kusiyanasiyana komwe kumapezeka mumafuta ndi zinthu zina monga chitsulo. Chifukwa chake, iwo omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa magazi sayenera kupatula nyama muzakudya. Cod sangathe kubwezeretsanso zitsulo zonse. Ngati chitsulo chimabwera chochuluka chifukwa cha zakudya zina (amadyera, zipatso zouma, chiwindi), ndiye nsomba zokha zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chakudya chama protein.

Zothandiza

Cod ndi zopatsa thanzi kwambiri zomwe zitha kusintha nyama. Koma mosiyana ndi nyama, nsomba zimakhala ndi mafuta ochepa komanso cholesterol yoyipa. Nyama ya nsomba ndi mapuloteni osachedwa kugaya omwe amayegulidwa mwachangu ndipo safuna ndalama zowonjezera. Chifukwa chake, ma cod amayenera kuwonjezeredwa muzakudya ngati chakudya chama protein, ana, odwala komanso anthu omwe ali munthawi ya ntchito m'mene thupi limabwezeretsedwa. Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa nyama ya ma amino acid onse ofunikira, thupi la munthu silili ndi vuto la kusowa kwa zomangamanga.

• Cod ndiyabwino kunenepa kwambiri. Nyama yake imangokhala ndi 0,6 gramu yamafuta, omwe ndi 1% ya chilolezo cha tsiku ndi tsiku. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudya cod kwa iwo omwe amafunikiradi kuthana ndi kunenepa kwambiri, popanda nthawi yomweyo kufafaniza thupi lawo chifukwa chosowa mapuloteni, mavitamini ndi mchere. Popeza cod imadzaza thupi mwachangu ndipo nyama yake imangokhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu 69 zokha, ndizopangira zakudya. Koma nyama ya cod sizithandiza kunenepa kwambiri ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa zakudya zina zokhala ndi calorie yambiri.
• Mafuta ochepa omwe amapezeka mu nsomba amafotokozera chifukwa chake lipindulitsa pa matenda a chiwindi. Koma izi sizikugwira ntchito pa chiwindi ndi cod roe, momwe mumapezeka mafuta ochulukirapo.
• Iodini, yemwe amapezeka mokwanira mu cod, amathandizira kukulitsa luntha. Kudya kwa ayodini wokwanira ndikofunikira makamaka pakapangidwa thupi - panthawi yoyembekezera komanso panthawi yomwe mwana akukula kale. Iodine imakhala ndi phindu pa kakulidwe ka ana.
• Cod imathandizira kutsegula kwa mapangidwe a magazi. Chifukwa cha mavitamini ndi michere yomwe ilimo, magaziwo amanjenjemera, ndipo magazi amawonjezeka. Katunduyu ndi wofunikira pakuvulala mukamafunika kuchepetsa magazi.
• Kukhazikika kwa nyama ya cod mu chakudya ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopewera matenda am'mimba thirakiti. Kuchiritsa kwa nsomba kumachitika chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa niacin mmenemo - vitamini B3. Koma Vitaminiyu alibe mphamvu zodzikundikira m'thupi, chifukwa chake chikuyenera kuyilowetsedwa munthawi yake popanda nthawi yayitali. Nthawi yomweyo cod imakhala gwero lake labwino kwambiri.
• Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa ma CD a antioxidants amphamvu, mavitamini ndi michere yambiri, imawoneka bwino ndi misomali, tsitsi ndi khungu. Izi ndizofunikira, chifukwa thanzi lawo limakhala losavuta kukhalabe "mkati".
• Cod imakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbitsa minofu ya mtima. Magnesium, potaziyamu ndi sodium amazidyetsa ndikuletsa kupewetsa kwa matenda a mtima. Nsomba ndizothandiza kupewa matenda a mtima.
• Potaziyamu ndi gawo lomwe limatenga gawo limodzi pakuphatikizika kwa maselo aubongo. Ndikusintha kwa kuperekera kwa okosijeni, ntchito zaluso zimayendetsedwa, kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo kumawonjezeka.

Mu nsomba, mumatha kupeza chiwindi chilichonse chomwe chili ndi vitamini A ndi D. Cod chiwindi ndizothandiza kwa ana munthawi ya kukula komanso kwa anthu omwe akuvutika ndi mavitamini kapena kuchepa kwa mavitamini pamwambapa.

Zowopsa

Ngakhale zabwino zomwe nyama ya cod imabweretsa kwa anthu, ziyenera kukhala zochepa pazakudya kwa anthu omwe akudwala cholelithiasis ndi urolithiasis. Ndi kumwa kawirikawiri kwa nsomba, matendawo angakulitse.

Sikoyenera kuphatikiza nyama ya cod mu zakudya za iwo omwe ali ndi vuto lakelo. Nsomba zamchere, kuphatikizapo chiwindi ndi caviar, sizabwino kwa ana, amayi oyembekezera komanso anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la magazi.

Cod ndi nsomba yomwe imatha kudziunjikira zitsulo zolemera - mercury ndi arsenic. Zinthu izi zimakhala ndi poizoni m'thupi la munthu. Ndikosayenera kudya nsomba za amayi apakati ndi ana. Otetezeka amatchedwa nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa kugombe la Alaska.

Ndiosafunika kudya chiwindi ndi nsomba caviar kwa iwo omwe ali ndi vitamini D yambiri ndi calcium.

Matenda ndi majeremusi

Cod imakonda matenda a parasitic ngakhale kuposa nsomba zina za m'madzi. Helminths amatha kusintha ziwalo zaumwini ndi chamoyo chonse cha nsomba. Tepi, nthomba, ma trematode ndi majeremusi ena ndizowopsa kwa anthu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusaka nsomba mosamalitsa musanadye osatsata mawonekedwe osangalatsa a zakudya za ku Japan.

Cod - kufotokoza ndi mawonekedwe a nsomba. Kodi ma cod amawoneka bwanji?

Asodzi a nsomba za cod amakula m'miyoyo yawo yonse, ndipo nsomba zambiri pofika zaka 3 zimakula mpaka kutalika kwa 40-50 cm.Ukulu wa mitundu ya cod okhwima imadalira mtundu wawo, oyimira wamkulu wa mitundu ya cod ku Atlantic amafika kutalika kwa 1.8-2 m. komabe, kulemera kwa cod kumatha kukhala pafupifupi makilogalamu 96.

Thupi la cod limadziwika ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a fusiform. Anal fins 2, dorsal 3. Mutu wa nsomba ndi waukulu, nsagwada za zazikulu zosiyanasiyana - wotsikayo ndi wafupikirapo kuposa wapamwamba. Meaty tendril imodzi imamera pachingapo.

Mamba ya cod ndi yaying'ono komanso serata. Kumbuyo kumatha kupakidwa utoto wonyezimira-maolivi, wachikasu ndi wobiriwira kapena bulawuni wowoneka bwino ndi malo ang'ono akuda. Mphepete ndizowala kwambiri, m'mimba mwa cod ndi loyera kapena ndi kufalikira.

Zomwe zimakhala pakati pa nsomba ndi nsomba za ku Atlantic, zomwe anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 25. Pacific cod amakhala pafupifupi pafupifupi zaka 18, Greenland cod - zaka 12. Kutalika kwa moyo wa Kildin cod ndi zaka 7 zokha.

Gulu la ma Cod

• Codfish (Gadus) - -
  • Matenda a Atlantic (Gadus morhua- - Onani. Makonda:
    • Matenda a Atlantic (Gadus morhua morhua)
    • Kildin cod (Gadus morhua kildinensis)
    • Balticodod (Gadus morhua callarias)
    • White cod (Gadus morhua marisalbi) (Malinga ndi zomwe zikuchokera ku Russia, zimadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wa Atlantic. Malinga ndi zina zakunja, zikufanana ndi zeze)
  • Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus- - Onani
  • Greenland Cod (Gadus ogac- - Onani
  • Pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus- - Onani
• Arctic cod (Arctogadus) - -
  • Ice cod (Arctogadus glacialis- - Onani
  • Cod East Siberian (Arctogadus borisovi- - Onani

Mitundu ya cod, mayina ndi zithunzi

Kugawidwa kwaposachedwa kukuphatikizapo mitundu ingapo ndi mitundu ing'onoing'ono ya cod, yomwe imasiyana ndi malo:

Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua)

Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya cod, kutalika kwakukulu kwa akuluakulu ndi pafupifupi mita 1, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 2 m, kulemera kwa cod kumatha kufikira 96 ​​kg. Atlantic cod imapezeka m'malo otentha a Nyanja ya Atlantic ndipo, malingana ndi malo omwe amakhala, imapanga mitundu ingapo yomwe imapezeka kuchokera ku Bay of Biscay mpaka Nyanja ya Barents, komanso kuchokera ku North Carolina kupita ku Greenland.

Magawo a Atlantic cod:

• nsomba zamatumboGadus morhua morhua)

Kutalika kwa nsomba zamtundu wazaka 5-10 kuchokera pa 40 mpaka 80 cm, okalamba amafika kutalika kwa 1.6-1.8 mita. Utoto wa kumbuyo kwa cod umawongoleredwa ndi timitengo tobiriwira, maolivi kapena bulauni womwe umalowedwa ndi timinyewa ting'onoting'ono ta imvi- bulawuti wamafuta. Mimba ndi yoyera kapena pang'ono chikasu.

• Kildin cod (Gadus morhua kildinensis)

ndi munthu wokhala pa Nyanja Yachilendo ya Mogilnoye, yomwe ili mdera la Murmansk pachilumba cha Kildin ndipo ndi chipilala champhamvu kwambiri. Kusiyanitsa ndi nkhokwe iyi ndikuti madzi am'nyanjayi ali ndi mchere wamtundu wina: pamwamba pamakhala pafupi, madzi apakatikati ali ofanana ndi madzi am'nyanja, ndipo madzi akumunsi amakhala amchere kwambiri komanso amakhala ndi hydrogen sulfide. Cod idawonekera munyengo iyi m'zaka za zana la 10, pomwe inali nyanja wamba yamadzi. Kenako nyanjayo idadulidwa kuchokera kunyanja ndi chingwe cholumikizira miyala, kumtunda kwa madziwo kudasungunuka, ndipo cod idatsalira ndikukhala mu Nyanja ya Grave, kutsikira pakatikati, madzi amchere pang'ono, pafupifupi mamitala 4. Chifukwa chamadya chakudya chochepa kwambiri, Kodin cod, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yonseyo ili ndi kamwa yaying'ono ndi nsagwada zazifupi. Kukula kwa cod kulinso kocheperako: Amuna amakula mpaka 50cm kutalika, zazimayi mpaka 40 cm.Wodala wamkulu kwambiri wa Kildin cod amatalika masentimita 70 ndi thupi lolemera 2.5 kg. Chowoneka mosiyana ndi masamba amtunduwu ndiwowoneka bwino koposa nsomba zam'madzi za Atlantic. Oimira tsambalo satha kukhala m'malo ena, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa nyanjayi ndi kugwidwa kosagwirizana ndi nsomba izi kunatsogolera mkuwa wa Kildin utatha. Pakadali pano, masabusikiripiki amapezeka anthu angapo ndipo akutetezedwa ndi boma la Russia.

• Balticodod (Gadus morhua callarias)

Amakhala ambiri m'chigawo chapakati cha Nyanja ya Baltic, kum'mawa kwa chilumba cha Bornholm. Ndizocheperako pang'ono ku Gulf of Finland ndi Bothnia. Zolemba za thupi sizidutsa 80-100 cm, ndipo kulemera kwa cod ndi 11-12 kg.

• White cod (Gadus morhua marisalbi)

Malinga ndi zomwe zikuchokera ku Russia, imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazidziwitso za Atlantic cod. Malinga ndi magwero akunja, amaonedwa kuti ndi lingaliro lamtundu wa Bowhead cod. Malo okhalamo anthu ambiri ndi Kandalaksha Bay ya White Sea, kokhala kakang'ono ka White Sea cod kumakhala kosazama kwa Onega ndi Dvina bays. Mtundu wa code wa White Sea ndi wakuda kwambiri kuposa wa Atlantic cod, kukula kwake kumasiyana kuchokera pa 55 mpaka 60 cm.

Pacific cod(Gadus macrocephalus)

wosiyana ndi Atlantic pamutu wokulirapo komanso wokulirapo, koma kukula kochepa thupi. Komanso, nsomba za cod za ku Pacific zimasiyana ndi momwe Atlantic imapangidwira kunja kwa gawo lakumapeto kwa chikhodzodzo, chomwe chimafupikirapo kuposa nsomba ya Atlantic. Kuphatikiza apo, Pacific cod alibe kuyikira mazira a pelagic, koma pansi, omamatirira. Kutalika kwapakati pa Pacific cod kumachokera ku 45 mpaka 90 cm, sikumafikira masentimita 120. Kulemera, monga lamulo, sikupitirira 22.7 kg. Kukhazikika kwamtunduwu kumadutsa kumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean: kudutsa Bering, Okhotsk ndi Nyanja ya Japan. Cod imadya pa pollock, navaga ndi nsomba zina, shrimps, nkhanu, mphutsi ndi octopus.

Zeze(Gadus ogac)

Mtundu wa cod womwe anthu asayansi sawudziwa onse ndi mtundu wina ndipo umadziwika kuti ndiwo mtundu wa Pacific cod. Kukula kwapadera kwamtunduwu ndi kukula kwake kwa thupi (kutalika kwambiri kwa cod ku Greenland sikupitirira 75-80 cm). Mitunduyi ndiyofala pagombe la Greenland. Cod imadya nsomba zazing'ono ndi ma invertebrates.

Pollock(Gadus chalcogrammus)

Oimira mitunduyi amasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lopapatiza, lomwe kutalika kwake limaposa 90 cm, ndi kulemera - 4-4,5 kg. Mtundu wa kumbuyo kwa pollock umasiyana kuchokera pakuwala mpaka imvi zakuda, pafupifupi zakuda. Mbali ndi m'mimba zimayera, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowuma pang'ono, nthawi zina zimakutidwa ndi madontho amtundu wakuda. Mtunduwu wafalikira ku Pacific Ocean, makamaka kumpoto kwake. Pollock amakhala ku Japan ndi Bering Seas, munyanja ku Alaska ndi Monterey, komanso ku Nyanja ya Okhotsk.

Mitundu iwiri ya cod imadziwika mu mtundu wina, Arctic cod (Arctogadus). Izi zikuphatikiza mitundu yamakodi awa:

Ice cod (Arctogadus glacialis)

amakhala kumadzulo kwamadzi a mu Arctic Ocean, kugombe lakumpoto ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Greenland, anthu ochulukirapo sapezeka kumpoto kwa Bering Strait komanso m'madzi pafupi ndi Wrangel Island. Kutalika kwa thupi la ayimidwe wa ayezi, wopentedwa ndimiyala imvi, osapitirira masentimita 30 mpaka 32. Mutu wa nsomba ndi wokulirapo, maso ndi akulu, antenna pachinjacho ndiwosakhazikika bwino kapena atha kukhalapo kwathunthu. Kwenikweni, ayezi wa ayezi amadya ku thabwa.

Cod East Siberian (nthenga zisanu ndi zinayi) (Arctogadus borisovi)

nsomba zomwe zimakhala kumphepete mwa nyanja ya Greenland, North America ndi Siberia (kum'mawa kwa Yenisei Gulf). Nthawi zina imapezeka kugombe pafupi ndi zilumba za Novosibirsk komanso kumpoto kwa Bering Strait. Anthu akuluakulu amafika kutalika kwa 52-56 cm, pomwe kulemera sikupitirira 1.5 kilogalamu. Cod imadya ma crustaceans - ma maids ndi ma amphipod, anthu akuluakulu amadya achinyamata.

Khalidwe la cod

Njira ya moyo wa cod imangotengera malo. Mitundu ya cod ya Pacific imakhala moyo wongokhala, nyengo zosamuka zimayenda mtunda waufupi: nthawi yozizira masukulu a nsomba amasamukira ku akuya kwa 30-60 m, kutacha nyengo yotentha abwerera kugombe.

Moyo wa Atlantic cod umakhala wofanana kwambiri ndi madzi am'nyanja, izi zimachitika chifukwa chosamuka nthawi yayitali, kukakamiza masukulu a nsomba kuyenda maulendo ataliatali mpaka 1,500 km kuchokera kumadera omwe amapezeka kupita kumalo operekera chakudya.

Kodi cod amadya chiyani?

Mitundu yaying'ono ya cod imayamba kukhala zidyera pofika zaka 3-4, ndipo izi zisanachitike, ana achinyamata amadya ndi plankton ndi crustaceans ang'ono. Zomwe zimadalira mitundu ya cod ya Atlantic wamkulu: M'chilimwe, krill ndi bivalves amawonjezedwa pamenyu yayikulu, pomwe ma cod amaluma miyendo kuchokera ku chipolopolo.

Cod wa Pacific amadya pa pollock, navaga, nyongolotsi, ma mollusks ndi crustaceans.

Kildin cod amadya mormys, oimira dongosolo la apamwamba nsomba zazinkhanira, mphutsi za polychaete, mabelu a udzudzu, kusungunuka kwa ana ndi nsomba zam'madzi.

Achichepere a pollock amadya kwambiri ku plankton ndi crustaceans yaying'ono. Pamene ikukula, nsomba imayamba kudya nyama yosiririka mochititsa kaso: capelin, squid, smelt. Milandu ya cannibalism imakonda kukhala pakati pa oyimira amitundu: Anthu akuluakulu amadya mwachangu amtundu wawo.

Udindo wa mbiri yakale

Chifukwa choti mafuta omwe amapezeka mu nsomba ndi osasamalika, nyama yake imakhala ndi zinthu zingapo zopindulitsa:

• sizikhala zowawa
• osati oxid
• zosungidwa kale
• ikasungidwa mchere ndi kuyanika, kusungidwa nthawi yayitali.

Katunduyu adachita gawo lalikulu m'miyoyo ya anthu okhala ku Europe, America komanso kumpoto kwa Russia. Nsomba zokhazikika, nsomba zomwe zimatchedwa - otchedwa cod m'masiku akale.

Mitemboyo idapakidwa mchere ndikuwuma m'njira yapadera, yomwe imalola kusunga nyama kwa nthawi yayitali. Kwa miyezi itatu, nsomba yomwe idayimitsidwa idawombedwa ndi mphepo kuchokera kumbali zonse, ndikutaya chinyezi mpaka 80%.

Kupanga nyama yokonzedwa kuti ikhale yofewa, idamenyedwa. Mavitamini onse, mafuta athanzi, acids amasungidwa. A Vikings, omwe adapeza ku America zaka 500 m'mbuyomu kuposa Columbus, malinga ndi mbiri yakale, adaganiziranso zazikulu, ndipo nthawi zina chakudya chokhacho chomwe chimatumiza sitimayo, cod.

Khodiyo inatenganso gawo lofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya mayiko aku Europe. Tchalitchi chinachita mbali yofunika kwambiri m'miyoyo ya Akhristu; kusala kudya inali gawo lofunikira m'miyoyo ya anthu. Nyama inali yoletsedwa masiku ano, ndipo nsomba zouma sizinali zoletsedwa.

A French, Spaniards, ndi Britain adayenda maulendo ataliatali kukagula mitengo yambiri ya cod ndi kupita nayo kumayiko awo.

Zochitika zapadera za banja

Chifukwa choti oimirira amtunduwu amakula nthawi yonse yamoyo, kutalika kwa matupi awo amatha kufikira mamita awiri. Choyimira chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza kukula kwa nsomba chimadziwika kuti ndi malo okhala. Akulu kwambiri ndi anthu omwe amakhala ku Atlantic Ocean.

Thupi la cod limakhala ndi makulidwe akuluakulu pakati ndipo pang'onopang'ono limasuntha kumapeto, motero mawonekedwe ake amatchedwa mawonekedwe opindika. Chophimba chapamwamba cha khungu chimakutidwa ndi masikelo abwino komanso osalala.

Kumbuyo ndiko gawo lakuda kwambiri la mtembowo ndipo limatha kukhala la bulauni, lamtundu wachikasu kapena la maolivi obiriwira. Pafupifupi pamimba, mtunduwo umawala. Izi zikusonyeza kuti mtundu wa thupi ndi pelagic. Mabulangeti a bulau omwe amaphimba mbali zamkati ndi zobisalako ndi gawo lina la utoto.

Mawonekedwe ake ndi awa: makina otetemera omwe amapezeka pa nsagwada yam'munsi, omwe ali ochepa laling'ono kuposa kumtunda ndi kupezeka kwa ziphuphu ziwiri zamkati ndi zitatu.

Zakudya

Chifukwa chiyani sterlet m'buku lofiira

Nsomba zomwe zili muododomu, kupatula zochepa, ndizodya.

Ali aang'ono, amapeza chakudya cham'madzi: ma crustaceans, shrimps, ndi mphutsi. Mukamakula, zakudya zimasintha.Tsopano maziko ake ndi nsomba zazing'ono, kuphatikiza oyimira mabanja awo. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba zamkati zimakonda kudya ana. Haddock nthawi zambiri amakhala mseru wakuda kwamtambo.

Oyimira ang'ono a dongosololi (gadicule, cod) amadya ma plankton ndi bentonic crustaceans, koma nthawi zina amasintha mndandanda ndi mwachangu kapena caviar wa abale awo.

Mbidzi yolimba yolimba imasakidwa ndi gulu. Phokoso la jamb nthawi zina limamveka padziwe

Cannibalism ndizofala kwambiri pakati pa nsomba zamakhola: ana awo omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala chakudya chawo.

Chochititsa chidwi! Mafuta omwe amapezeka amawaika mu nsomba za ma cod mu chiwindi, potero amapeza zabwino zambiri zofunikira. Yokhala ndi mavitamini, ma macro- ndi ma microelements ambiri, ma amino acid ofunikira, chiwindi chimagwira ngati prophylaxis ndikuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana.

Zoyenera ndi malo okhala

Mapangidwe amtunduwu amafunikira kwambiri pamoyo wina:

• kutentha kwa madzi,
• nyengo,
• mchere wamadzi
• makonzedwe ofotokoza a malo okhala,
• kufalikira.

Ngakhale kuti ma cod amawonetsedwa kuti amakhala pansi, sapita kunyanja yakuya kuzama kwakuya, amakonda kukhala m'mbali mwa nyanja. Kutentha kwambiri kwamadzi ndi 0,5 madigiri. Kutentha kotsika kumayambitsa kusasangalala, kukakamiza nsomba kumtunda kwamtunda wamadzi. Dzuka kutentha - kumakupangitsani kupita pansi mwakuya kapena kubisala m'matanthwe.

Kutengera ndi nyengo, nyengo zimasunthika: nyengo yozizira - kumwera chakumadzulo motsutsana ndi zamakono, nthawi yotentha - kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi zamakono. Cholinga chake ndi mafunde am'nyanja ndi m'madzi am'madzi.

Kutengera mtundu wa cod, pali zizindikiro zina zamchere. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, mchere wa 33-35% uonedwa ngati chizindikiro chabwino kwambiri cha Pacific cod.

Gulu ndi Zosiyanasiyana

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma cod. Amasiyana kukula kwake, mtundu wake ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimatengera nyengo. Akafunsidwa ngati nsomba zamkati ndi nsomba zam'madzi kapena zam'mtsinje, mitunduyi iyenera kuganiziridwa. Ambiri mwa oimira amakhala m'madzi amchere.

Mtundu wa cod ku Atlantic ndi mtundu waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Itha kumera mpaka 1−2 m, kukula kwake sikukuyenda masentimita 80. Mapulogalamu apamwamba a kalasiyo ali ndi mtundu. Mitundu ya Kildin imakhala kudera la Russia, kudera la Murmansk, ndipo ndilochepa. Ndizopanda pake, kuyesera kukhazikika m'malo ena osungirako kwatha. Baltic kumpoto kwa cod amakula mpaka mita 1. Kuchuluka kwake kumadutsa 10 kg.

Pacific cod ali ndi mutu wotalikirapo kuposa wamkulu wokhala mu Atlantic Ocean. Kutalika kumasiyana kuchokera pa masentimita 45 mpaka 90. Kulemera kwa thupi kumatha kufika mpaka 22 kg. Cod yam'nyanja imeneyi imapezeka m'madzi a Nyanja ya Okhotsk, Japan, ndi Bering Sea. Palinso gulu lina la ku Greenland, lomwe akatswiri ena amafufuza kuti ndi mitundu ina.

Mtundu wina ndi wambiri. Izi nsomba zimakhala ku Arctic Ocean. Mapulogalamu akummawa a Far East ndi ayezi amadziwika, omwe amadziwika ndi imvi. Makulidwe ake ndi ochepa, kutalika kwa thupi ndi 55 cm, kulemera - osapitirira 1 kg.

Cod yekhayo wamadzi abwino ndi burbot. Wachibaleyu ndi wadyera.

Zomwe zimapatsa thanzi achinyamata ndi akulu akulu

Nsomba zosakwana zaka zitatu zimawonedwa kuti ndi zazing'ono. Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira, mwachangu amadya plankton. Atakhala ndi kuchuluka ndikupeza mphamvu, amasonkhana pagulu ndipo amatsikira pansi, pomwe nyama zing'onozing'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chachikulu kwa zaka ziwiri. Kwa zaka 3-4, nsomba zamkati zimakhalabe zovomerezeka. Pambuyo pa nthawi ino, amakhala wolusa, yemwe samazengereza kuluma kuti adye zamtundu wawo, popeza anthu akuluakulu amadya ang'onoang'ono.

Zakudya zimatengera nthawi ya chaka. M'chilimwe, nsomba za cod zimasaka mozama munyanja.Chakudya panthawiyi chimakhala chosiyanasiyana: sprat, smelt, capelin, saury, polod cod, herring, invertebrates yaying'ono, crustaceans, mollusks.

Pamene nyengo yachisanu imayandikira, kuchuluka kwa kuwala ndi kutentha kumachepa. Chifukwa chake, okhala m'madzi akuya asintha malo awo ndikukhalira kumadzi osaya, komwe kunenepa. Zima zimachitika nthawi yomweyo.

Chapakatikati pamabwera nyengo yokonzekera.

Kutengera ndi kuyesaku, asayansiwo adaganiza kuti othandizira kupeza chakudya ndi kukhudza komanso kugwedeza kwamadzi komwe wopangidwayo amachita.

Kubala nyengo

Kukula kumachitika m'miyezi yophukira: Marichi-Meyi. Akazi amatha kugwira zachikazi zomwe zafika pa 55-85 cm. Kukula kwa amuna ndi 50-80 cm.

Kutulutsa kwa Cod kumatengera zinthu zingapo:

• malo,
• kutentha
• nsomba zamtundu.

Zaka zazikazi zazikazi nthawi yakutha kubereka imatha kukhala yazaka zitatu mpaka zisanu ndi zitatu, mwa amuna kuyambira zaka 4 mpaka 9.

Kuponya kwa caviar kumachitika kwa milungu ingapo, pakuya kwa mita 100, m'malo. Cod ndi nsomba yolimba yomwe imatha kusesa mpaka mazira 6 miliyoni.

Mtundu uliwonse wa cod uli ndi malo ake obowola. Ena amayenda kwambiri - kusamuka, kuti akaikire mazira, ena amakhalabe m'malo awo ndikuyika mazira akuya kuya kwa 100 metres. Pambuyo pake, mazira amira pansi ndikumamatira kuzomera zam'madzi. Mazira a Atlantic cod amanyamulidwa ndi nyanja kutali kumpoto.

Madera akumpoto, kuphukira kumachitika madera akuya kwambiri. M'malo otentha madzi - kumatulutsa kumapezeka m'malo am'nyanja nthawi yozizira.

Mtengo wosodza

Usodzi wopukutira nsomba ukutsogolera (mpaka 43% ya asodzi a nsomba). Tsopano nsomba zapanyumba zowerengeka zapezeka pafupifupi matani miliyoni miliyoni. Fillet nsomba zimatumizidwa ku South Korea, Germany, Poland, ndi Netherlands.

Kugwidwa kwamkati kwamtambo wamtambo ndi pafupifupi matani 1 miliyoni pachaka. Nsombazo zimagulitsidwa mwanjira zonse kapena monga fillet. Kukoma kwa nsomba ndikosangalatsa, kumafanana ndi hake, kapangidwe kake ndi kofewa kuposa kansalu.

Mitundu yotsalira imagwidwa yaying'ono, koma siyosangalatsa komanso yofunika pakati pa ogula. Chifukwa kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa ma cod, nthawi zina kumatha kugulitsidwa yaying'ono.

Zopanda zopanda pake

Pambuyo paulendo wautali wazambiri, cod yatchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Anthu aphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba zonse popanda kufufuza. Mutu, matumbo, mafupa, mafupa, mafinya - palibe chomwe chimatayidwa.

Zovala zachikopa za nyama zam'nyanja zimawoneka ngati zosowa. Kwa anthu ambiri olemera, zinthu ngati izi ndi chizindikiro cha udindo wawo wapamwamba.

Chifukwa cha matekinoloji amakono, zikopa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga matumba, nsapato, zovala, zovala zamvula, mittens, etc. Chikopa chimadziwika ndi kutanuka, kukhazikika, komanso kukana kwamadzi.

Zomwe zimakhala mkati ndizopindulitsa kwambiri ngati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira munda, ngati feteleza.

Zojambula zaluso zapakhomo zakunja zimakonzedwa ndi akatswiri odziwa ntchito zophika, pogwiritsa ntchito mutu ndi mafupa akhathamiritsidwa mkaka wowawasa ngati zosakaniza.

Ndizosadabwitsa kuti cod imatchedwa "mphatso ya Mulungu."

Nyumba yosungiramo mavitamini ndi michere

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za cod ndi kuchuluka kwake kwa zakudya, zimatha kuyamwa mosavuta ndikugayidwa ndi dongosolo logaya chakudya. Pali magalamu 0,04 a cholesterol okha magalamu 100 a nyama.

Mndandanda wa mavitamini, michere ndi micro yayikulu, mafuta ndi ma asidi omwe amapanga oimira amtunduwu.

Momwe mungawume ndi mwachangu capelin?

Kuti capelin yokhala ndi mchere pang'ono isakhwime, mitembo yosayenerayo imapachikidwa mozungulira pansi pa waya, osayiwala kuyika poto yamafuta pansi. Pa tsiku lachisanu kapena chisanu ndi chimodzi, nsomba zimakhala zonenepa, koma nyamayo imakhalabe yofewa. Chifukwa chake, okonda ma capelin owuma ayenera kukhala oleza mtima ndikudikirira masiku 4-5.

Paralympic Talai wopanda mikono ndi miyendo: "chovuta kwambiri nkhondo, ndipambana."

Mawonekedwe osalala popanda kumetedwa: njira zochotsera tsitsi ndi zinthu zachilendo

Okwatirana kumene adayendayenda padziko lonse lapansi ndipo kudziko lililonse amapanga chithunzi chaukwati

Nsomba zotsalazo zimatha kukazinga. Atadikirira kuti mtembowo usungunuke, amaikidwa mu poto wamafuta ofiira. Kupanga capelin yowutsa mudyo, sikofunikira kuti ikhale motentha kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndipo kusodza mu ufa ndiosankha.

Banja la Sturgeon

Ma sturgeon alibe mamba, ndipo m'malo mwa msana pali chord (chingwe cha cartilage). Nyamayi ndi yokoma, mafuta komanso owonda, caviar ndi yofunika kwambiri. Sturgeons amakhala m'madzi a Azov, Black ndi Caspian, komanso m'mitsinje ya Siberian.

Pophika, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika zakudya zophika, zinthu zam'chitini, komanso mbale zamitundu mitundu. Kuphatikiza apo, imadyedwa mumtundu wake waiwisi.

Kugawidwa kwa nsomba za sturgeon ndi motere:

Banja la nsomba

Izi zikuphatikiza:

• nsomba weniweni (nsomba, trout, whitefish, nsomba yayikulu, nyanja ndi Caspian nsomba, nelma, vendace),
• Salmon yaku Far East (nsomba za pinki, nsomba za skeon, sim, chum nsomba, chinook salmon, coho salmon).

Thupi lawo lalitali limakutidwa ndi miyeso yaying'ono, pafupi ndi mchira ndi adipose fin.

Nyama ya nsomba imakhala yofatsa kwambiri komanso yamafuta, anthu ambiri amakhala ndi zotuwa zofiira, koma pali oimira omwe ali ndi nyama yoyera. Orange caviar imagwiritsidwanso ntchito mwachangu mu gastronomy. Ambiri a nsomba amakhala ku Far East ndi Northwest.

Njira zazikulu za usodzi munthawi zosiyanasiyana

Cod ndi nyama yolusa yomwe imadya bwino nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Koma ndikofunikira kuigwira nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira, pomwe nyama yake itangodya - nsomba yaying'ono - imayandikira m'mphepete mwa nyanjayo ndipo imayima pakuya kwa mita pafupifupi 30. Nthawi zina imatha kufikiranso kukamwa kwa mtsinje waukulu, koma osatero. Chifukwa chake, nyengo yayikulu imachokera ku Okutobala mpaka Okutobala. Kuyambira mwezi wa February, nsomba zimapita kumadera omwe amapangidwira ndikukhala mozama. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, m'chilimwe, kugwira cod kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa kumakhala kokhazikika.

Cod imakodwa ndikuwala kwa tsiku, chidwi chapadera chimayenera kulipidwa kumabanki amchenga.

Mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake

Mtundu wammbuyo umatha kukhala ndi zipsepse ziwiri kapena zitatu. M'dera la anal, monga lamulo, palinso zipsepse zingapo. Zinapangidwa bwino kumera. Kwa nsomba zam'banjazi, chosiyanitsa ndizakuti zipsepse zonse zilibe mabala.

Anthu onse ali ndi mwayi wotsegulira timiyala tating'ono ndi tinyanga tating'ono m'dera la chin. Pisces mabanja acod

sikelo zazing'ono ndizodziwika. Kwenikweni, nsomba zonse, kuphatikiza burbot, zimakonda kukhala m'masukulu ang'onoang'ono ndikukhalabe pansi.

Kukula ndi kulemera kwake kungakhale kosiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe amadya mitengo yamapulankton nthawi zambiri samayimira banja lakale lino. Mwa mitundu ya cod, mtundu wocheperako ndi gadacle yakuzama. Kutalika kwakukulu

nsomba iyi ndi mainchesi 12. Mutha kukumana naye kumpoto kwa Atlantic. Cod wa Atlantic ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yayikulu kwambiri. Mizere yake imatha kutalika mpaka mita 1.8.

Chokoma capelin

Kapelin Kukhala wa banja la Koryushkovye.

Gulani capelin mufuna chidutswa chowundidwa, chomenyedwedwa, osati chochuluka - kwambiri kuti nsomba yomwe idagwira isanathe. Ndipo musawope kugula zidutswa zazikulu - Ndikukulangizani zomwe mungachite nawo.

Tengani chidutswa cha ma kilogalamu 4. Part mchere, ndi gawo mwachangu. Choyamba, timachita ndi kazembeyo: nthawi zonse timathira mchere ndi ayisikilimu. Mafotokozowa ndi osavuta: mchere, ndipo ngakhale kudzera pakhungu, umalowa m'matumbo a nsomba pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nsomba yofunda imasweka kuchokera mkati mwachangu ndipo mcherewo ulibe nthawi yoti uzipulumutse. Ndiye amathira mchere capelin, wolekanitsidwa pang'ono ndi chidutswa chachikulu.

Timayika chidutswa chathu mu poto ndikuchiwongoletsa pang'ono kutentha. Ndikofunikira kuti nsomba ziyambe kudzipatula wina ndi mzake osatinso. Mwakukakamiza, sitimawang'amba kuti tisawononge khungu, koma mutha kutambasulira pang'ono ndi chidutswa wamba. Poterepa, chidacho chokha chidzakhalabe chouma mkati.

Nsomba zodzilekanitsa sizili ndi matumbo ndipo si zanga. Timasiyanitsa, kutaya zozikika ndi zowoneka bwino: nsomba ziyenera kukhala zolimba. Ngati muli ndi msuzi wa soya kapena oyster

Thirani owonjezera Mchere pansi penipeni (galasi, pulasitiki kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri). Timayika capelin m'magawo, makamaka kuthira mchere wabwino kwambiri. Capelin imathiridwa mchere kwa maola 24, ndipo panthawiyi, makhiristo opaka mchere alibe nthawi yopasuka. Ngati gawo la chidebe likuloleza, ikani zokhazokha. Sitimayika mauta kuchokera kumwamba. Timachotsa chidebecho mufiriji kwa maola 12-24. Panthawi imeneyi, capelin amadzaza mchere komanso mchere. Dziwani nthawi yakudziyeretsa nokha, ena monga nsomba zamchere kwambiri, ndi ena - pang'ono mchere.

Pambuyo pa maola 24, nsomba zidasungunuka, kukhazikika, ndipo zigawo zidayamba kumerera. Ngati mchere watsala pa nsomba, muzitsuka mwachangu pansi pa madzi ozizira.

Capelin amadyedwa, atagwira mutu ndi zala ziwiri ndikudya nyama mosamala, kuyambira mchira. Mutha kuchita zikhalidwe zambiri: kuyika nsomba pambale, kuchotsa nyama pankakhala ndi pral prong ya foloko, chotsani matumbo ndi utoto wakuda wam'mimba (ndizowawa!) - idyani ndikusangalatsidwa ndi nsomba zoyera. Ndipo mutha kuyika chidacho pamkate woyera ndi batala - yummy!

Capelin yokhala ndi mchere wocheperako imakhala masiku ena awiri, kenako imayamba kupindika komanso kuikidwa magazi. Chifukwa chake, gawo la nsomba limatha kupachikidwa pa waya kapena pa chingwe, kudutsa pamiyeso yamaso yopanda mafayilo, ndikuyika. Capelin - nsomba zamafuta. Idzatulutsa kuchokera pamenepo: osayiwala kuyika poto pansi pa nsomba! Ndipo kuti muchepetse pang'ono, mupachikeni pansi. Lolani kuti papachike kwa masiku pafupifupi 5-6, kuti singawume ndi dzuwa, koma kuyimitsidwa. Nyamayo izikhala yofewa, ndipo mtemboowo udzakhala wonenepa kwambiri. Ngati mungakweze ndi zala ziwiri, nsomba imakhalabe yowongoka. Iwo amene amakonda chowumitsa nsomba amasiya capelin kuti ikangike nthawi yayitali. Masamba a capelin pa tsiku la 5-6 amakhala ndi kukoma kosiyana kotheratu ndi "kunyowa" mchere pang'ono, ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba. Pa tsiku la 10-11, nsomba zimayanika kale.

Inde, tidakali ndi capelin ina yokazinga. Achisanu nsomba zopukutidwa m'mafuta a masamba mumoto wotentha kwambiri. Ngati poto wokazinga ndi good good good goodating Mwachangu mwachangu kuti zisaume!

Capelin yokazinga chimanga

Maphikidwe a capelin

Capelin amathanso kusuta ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakudzaza ma pie ndi ma pie. Analimbikitsa kuphika capelin tchizi mu tempura ndi mbatata zokongoletsa, capelin, capelin yokazinga ndi tomato, sangweji ya capelin, capelin yophika uvuni ndipo, capelin yokazinga wophika chimanga.

Osangokhala panyanja

Burbot ilinso ya ena ngati cod. Nthawi zambiri imakhala m'madzi abwino. Ngakhale pali zotchinga panyanja. Nsombazi zimakhala ndi thupi lalitali, loti liziwombera pang'ono kuchokera kumbali, mutu wofiyira, tinyanga pa chibwano ndi chibwano chapamwamba. Burbot amakhala ku Bay of Biscay, Nyanja ya Barents, pafupi ndi Iceland, Briteni Isles komanso pafupi ndi gombe la North America.

Izi nsomba zamitundu iwiri - zoyera ndi zofiira. Kulawa kwabwino kwambiri kumakhala ndi nyama yofiyira. Chiwindi chake chimakhala ndi ayodini wambiri, ngakhale nyamayo imakhala youma. Komabe, izi sizipangitsa kuti ikhale yofunikira. Nyama ya burbot yamtsinje, m'malo mwake, ndi yokoma komanso yofewa. Chiwindi chake chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chinthu chapamwamba. Zinthu zomwe zili mu nsombazi zimakhudza bwino masomphenya, luntha ndi mitsempha. Malo okhala burbot ndi ochulukirapo; afala kwambiri m'dziko lathu. Ndikofunika kugwira burbot m'madzi ozizira munyengo yamvula, ndiye kuti imakhala yogwira ntchito kwambiri.

Zophika nsomba ndi masamba

Zotsatirazi ziyenera kukonzedwa:

• kilogalamu ya mbatata
• zovala zisanu za adyo,
• supuni zinayi za mafuta,
• ndimu imodzi
• mapaundi a nyemba zobiriwira
• kilogalamu wofiyira,
• timasankha zonunkhira kuti zilawe.

Peel ndi kuwaza mbatata muztinthu tating'ono. Dulani ndimuyo pakati, ndikugawa nyemba iliyonse pakati. Mafupa onse amayenera kuchotsedwa ku cod ndikugawidwa magawo anayi ofanana. Kukonzekera konse kukuchitika, timawotcha uvuni mpaka madigiri 200.

Ikani mbatata mu mbale yolimba, kutsanulira pa mandimu, kuwonjezera adyo ndikuyika mu uvuni kwa mphindi 10. Nthawi yomweyo santhani nyemba kwa mphindi zitatu.

Timasinthira nyemba zina zamasamba ena ndikuyika nsomba zokhazikika ndi mchere pamwambapa. Pambuyo pa mphindi 15, mbaleyo imatha kudyedwa patebulo.

Wokazinga cod ndi mpunga

Chinsinsi ichi ndichabwino kwa iwo omwe amakonda kuphatikiza zopangidwa mwachangu pa kuphika.

Mufunika:

• nthochi
• 700-800 gr wa cod wofiira,
• amadyera osankha
• 100 gr mpunga
• zonunkhira ndi mandimu mwakufuna kwawo.

Timakonza nsomba, kutulutsa mafupa onse, kuyeretsa ndikugawa zigawo zinayi zofanana. Mwachangu mu poto, ndikuyika nsomba pansi ndi khungu. Zokwanira kwa mphindi 5 mbali iliyonse.

Timadula nthochi m'mabwalo wamba mu batala ndi mwachangu kwa mphindi imodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, timaphika mpunga ndi nsomba ndikuthira mandimu pamenepo.

Cod chiwindi saladi

Chiwindi cha Cod chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mumaphikidwe ambiri. Ndalama koma saladi wokoma kwambiri, womwe ungafune:

• akhoza kwa cod chiwindi,
• kapu ya mpunga
• mazira atatu,
• anyezi umodzi
• mchere kulawa.

Choyamba muyenera kukonzekera zonse zosakaniza: wiritsani mazira owiritsa owuma, anyezi wowaza ndi kuphika mpunga. Kenako, sakanizani zinthuzo ndi chiwindi cha mchere komanso mchere ku kukoma kwanu.

Mutha kudzaza saladi ndi mafuta kapena mayonesi pa nzeru. Ma alendo ena amathanso kuwonjezera amadyera osakaniza (parsley, katsabola).

Pindulani ndi kuvulaza

Nsomba za Cod zitha kukhala zopindulitsa, komanso zovulaza ngati zotsutsana sizingaganiziridwe. Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, nsomba iyenera kuphikidwa bwino osati kusazunzidwa, chifukwa izi zimatha kubweretsa mavuto.

Popeza cod imakhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba kumapewetsa kuphatikizika kwa mafupa. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuphatikiza zakudya za cod mu zakudya za anthu omwe ali ndi arthrosis kapena rheumatism.

Mu chiwindi cha nsomba ndikofunikira ma omega-3 acids, omwe amathandiza kuchotsa cholesterol m'thupi. Ndipo ngati mupanga mafuta a nsomba kuchokera ku cod, ndiye kuti itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yowongolera.Komanso mafuta a nsomba amatha kuthandizira kuchotsa thrombophlebitis ndi kukhumudwa.

Ponena za kuvulaza, codale yoyambira imatha kuyambitsa, makamaka chiwindi chake. Chifukwa chake, yesani kusankha nsombayo mosamala, kupenda katunduyo mosamalitsa ndikuonetsetsa kuti palibe fungo losasangalatsa.

Sitikulimbikitsidwanso kudya cod mu mtundu uliwonse wa anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa, amayi oyembekezera komanso anthu omwe ali ndi urolithiasis.

Gadikul

Dzina lina la cod wokhala ndi maso akulu. Ili pamtunda wa kilomita imodzi. Chochititsa chidwi ndi maso akuluakulu, omwe adalandira dzina lachiwiri. Kukula kwakukulu ndi masentimita 15 okha. Mutha kukumana ndi nsomba ku Norway.

Gadikul zichitika:

Zindikirani! Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakuwoneka, koma amasiyana mu ziphuphu.

Nsomba za Rayfish. Chodziwika kwambiri mu Nyanja ya Atlantic. Maonekedwe ali ndi utoto wonyezimira ndipo pamthupi pali mzere womwe umayambira kumutu ndikutha ndi mchira. Kulemera kochepa kocheperako ndi ma kilogalamu 30.

Kusanza

Imakhala ku Atlantic, koma nthawi zina nsomba izi zimapezeka ku Crimea. Itha kukhala mpaka masentimita 60. Kutulutsa koyamba kumachitika pakatha zaka ziwiri zokha pakubadwa, kusankha madzi ozizira kuti kubereka mosamala. Amadyera mwachangu ndi ena okhala munyanja. Chimakhala pafupi ndi pomwepo. Amaopa ma dolphin ndi zilombo zina zazikulu zomwe zimatha kudya.

Navaga Far Eastern

Amakhala m'maiko ambiri a Kum'mawa Kakutali. Kutalika kwa nsomba ndi masentimita 25-60. Nyengo yonse ya chaka ndiyokhotakhota, koma nyengo yotentha ikayamba, imayandama ikufuna chakudya. Kutalika kwa kufalikira kumachitika zaka 2 zokha ndipo kumangochitika nthawi yozizira, pomwe kutentha kwa madzi kumayamba kutentha pang'ono.

Navaga North

Marine wokhala mnyumba yama cod.

Miyoyo yam'nyanja monga:

Zindikirani! Mutha kuwona chakumpoto chakumpoto pafupi ndi gombe, koma mwa kuswana chimachotsedwa mpaka pakuya mita 10. Kukula kumatha kufika masentimita 50. Amadya nsomba zazing'ono ndi mphutsi.

Momwe mungagwirire nsomba zambiri?

Msodzi aliyense wakhama mosakayikira ali ndi zinsinsi zake posodza bwino. Pa nthawi yausodzi wodzipereka, ineyo ndidapeza njira zingapo zowongolera. Ndimagawana TOP yanga:

1. Kuluma woyambitsa. Imayambitsa chidwi champhamvu mu nsomba, chimakopa ngakhale m'madzi ozizira. Vutolo ndi ma pheromones omwe amapanga mawonekedwe ake. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti Rosprirodnadzor akufuna kuyambitsa kuletsa kugulitsa kwake.
2. Kusankhidwa koyenera kwamagetsi. Werengani malembedwe oyenerera amitundu ina pamasamba atsamba langa.
3. Zoyambira ma pheromones.

Mutha kupeza zinsinsi zina za usodzi wopambana mwa kuwerenga zida zanga pamalopo.
Asanabadwe, amadya kwambiri. Burbot simalola kuwala kwa dzuwa ndipo imangoyambitsa usiku wokha. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika pa 12 metres, ndipo misa nthawi yomweyo ndi 20 kilogalamu. Zimadyera mphutsi ndi anansi ena ang'ono.

Maonekedwe a nsomba

Chithunzi cha cod chikuwonetsa bwino kuti thupi lake ndi lofanana ndiwongo. Nsombayo ili ndi zipsepse zitatu kumbuyo kwake ndi zipsepse ziwiri.

Nsagwada ya kumtunda kwa nsombayo ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa nsagwada yapansi. Tinyanga tating'onoting'ono timamera paching'onicho.

Nsombazo zimakhala ndi miyeso yolimba.

Utoto wa cod ukhoza kukhala wachikasu kapena azitona;

Kusamuka kwa Cod

Nsomba za Cod zimatha kukhala mumtsinje: zina mwa mitundu yake zimamva bwino m'madzi atsopano. Malinga ndi zomwe zikupezeka kunja, nsomba zamkati ndi zosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba. Satha kuyenda mtunda wautali.

Pacific cod imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukhazikitsa moyo. M'miyezi yozizira kwambiri pachaka, nthawi zambiri amakhala akuya mamita 40-50. Kutentha kukachitika, nsomba imapita kugombe.

Miyeso

Codfish ikhoza kukhala yamitundu ingapo komanso miyeso yambiri. Chifukwa chake, plankton amadya zipatso zamakhola nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako kuposa omwe amadyera anzawo.Mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri ya banja la cod ndi gadacle yakuzama. Amakhala kumpoto kwa Atlantic ndipo amakula pafupifupi masentimita 10-12, nthawi zambiri - mpaka 15 sentimita.

Ndipo omwe akuyimira mitundu yayikulu ya cod ndi nyama zodyetsa molov ndi Atlantic cod, omwe amatalika mpaka mita 1.8.

Tikufufuza nsomba zomwe zagwidwa ndi zombo zazikulu komanso maboti ang'onoang'ono asodzi akuwedza kumtunda. Zachidziwikire, timaganizira kuti asodzi akuluakulu amasodza nsomba zochulukirapo, kotero timawayang'anira kwambiri, - atero a J. Dotolo adati nsomba zazikulu zimasankhidwa mwapadera pazosankhazi, chifukwa zimakhala ndi ma dioxin ambiri, koma pafupifupi 10 % ya nsomba izi imagwidwa, kotero milingo yodetsedwa ndiyotsika kuposa momwe ilili mu labotale.

"Chifukwa chake, ngati mukugulira nsomba kuchokera m'manja mwanu, ndipo osadziwa ngati palibe vuto, muyenera kusankha zina," adalangiza motero. Atafunsidwa kuti ndi nsomba ziti zowopsa kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka mu Nyanja ya Baltic, akuti ma dioxin ambiri amapeza nsomba zamafuta.

Habitat

M'mene nsomba za banja la ma cod ndi zochuluka. Amatha kupezeka pafupifupi nyanja zonse kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Pafupifupi mitundu isanu ya nsomba zamtunduwu imakhala m'malo osungirako kum'mwera kwa dziko lapansi. Oimira onse awa ndi anthu okhala m'madzi, ndipo ndi m'modzi yekha wa cod - burbot - amakhala m'madzi opanda madzi kumpoto kwa Europe, America ndi Asia.

Dioxin amadziunjikira mu mafuta awo. Ndipo kukula kwake, ndikamakula nsomba - ndizovulaza kwambiri kwa anthu, "adatero veterinarian. Malinga ndi a Kondrotier, posachedwa palibe zitsulo zolemera zomwe zapezeka mu Nyanja ya Baltic yomwe kale inali yoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito chiwindi cha mitundu ina ya nsomba.

Malinga ndi iye, nsomba zam'madzi zimayesedwa chaka chilichonse, kapena siziphatikiza radionuclides, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi zinthu zina zowipitsa, koma kuchuluka kwake sikuposa zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa. Koma apa titha kudya mitembo yodyedwa m'madziwe, bola momwe tikufunira - sanatsimikizire zotsalira za mabungwe a dioxin omwe amapitilira muyeso wovomerezeka.

Ma cod ambiri kum'mawa kwa Atlantic, nthawi zambiri amapezeka munyanja za ku Norway ndi Barents. Nawonso, cod yekha ndi omwe amapezeka mu Baltic. Pali ma cod ku Nyanja za Mediterranean ndi Black.

Kumene simudzapeza oimira banja lino - choncho m'madzi a equator. Koma kuchokera pagombe la South America ndi South Africa, komanso New Zealand, mutha kukumana ndi nsomba zitatu za banja lino.

Malinga ndi iye, zomwe zimayambitsa kutha ndiziphuphu ndi kupukutika: Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kumatha kukhala kokulirapo, popeza mu Nyanja ya Baltic wamwalira, wopanda mpweya, pansi pomwe zithunzi za ma cod zimaphedwa nthawi yomweyo. Pafupi ndi Lithuania, tinali ndi poto wokulirapo wokulirapo, pomwe sitinapangirepo cod yambiri.

Chifukwa chiyani okonda nsomba ayenera kusamalira nsomba zam'nyanja padziko lonse lapansi? Kudalirana kwa dziko lapansi kwadzipangira okha, ndipo nsomba zambiri zimabwera m'masitolo athu, zonse zazikulu mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi zomwe zimagwidwa munyanja ya Pacific, Ocean Atlantic. Sitingathenso kudzipatula ku Nyanja ya Baltic. Ngati nsombazo zikadangokhala kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Baltic, zonse zikadakhala zosavuta. Pali zigawo zambiri, mabungwe ambiri olamulira ndi mabungwe osagwira bwino ntchito. M'madera ena, monga ku Somalia, palibe amene ali nawo.

Momwe mungagwirire nsomba zambiri?

Zoposa zaka 13 zausodzi wokangalika, ndinapeza njira zambiri zokulitsira kuluma kwanga. Ndipo nayi othandiza kwambiri:

1. Kuluma woyambitsa. Zimakopa nsomba m'madzi ozizira komanso otentha mothandizidwa ndi ma pheromones omwe ali m'gulu la kapangidwe kake ndipo amathandizira chidwi chake. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti Rosprirodnadzor akufuna kuyambitsa kuletsa kugulitsa kwake.
2. Zida zowonda kwambiri.
   Werengani malembedwe oyenerera amitundu ina pamasamba atsamba langa.
3. Zoyambira ma pheromones
   .

Mutha kupeza zinsinsi zina za usodzi wopambana mwa kuwerenga zida zanga pamalopo.
Pollock ndi cod amakonda kudya crustaceans, ndipo, zazikulu kwambiri.Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mafuta omwe amasonkhana pachakudya cha cod amawaika m'chiwindi cha nsomba.

Ziwerengero zake ndizowopsa: 88% nsomba zamalonda ku Europe zimagwidwa kuposa zomwe anthu sangathe kuchira mwachilengedwe. Mumagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "chidziwitso chokwanira". Kukula kwa chiwerengero kumasungidwa m'njira yoti kukula kwake kumakhala kwakukulu. Chiwerengerochi sichiloledwa kufewetsa, kotero kuti chimayamba kuchepa chifukwa chosodza. Pa mtundu umodzi kapena gwero limodzi, kubwezeretsa kwakukulu kumakhazikitsidwa ndikugawika m'maiko onse mogwirizana.

Umu ndi momwe zinthu ku Europe zimayendetsedwera zaka ziwiri. Ndipo ngati zitatengedwa zomwe zakonzedwa mu lamulo latsopanoli, Europe idzakhala imodzi mwamagawo asodzi okhazikika. Ndi nsomba zokhazikika ziti zomwe ndizosiyana ndi gawo? Quot ija m'mbuyomu idagwirizana ndi ndale. Malangizo a asayansi nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo achiwiri, ndipo chachitatu.

Usodzi

Usodzi wa oimira banja la ma cod umapangidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa thanzi lawo.

Kupha nsomba kwambiri komanso kuwononga chilengedwe ndi zinthu ziwiri zikuluzikulu. Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kumatha kukhala kokulirapo, monga mu nyanja ya Baltic, malo okufa, opanda mpweya pomwe zithunzi za ma cod zimaphedwa nthawi yomweyo, zikukula. Zimathandizanso kayendedwe kowonjezera, chifukwa mafuta amafuta sakhala oyera monga momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito pamagalimoto. Timapeza ma oxide osiyanasiyana a sulufule ndi nayitrogeni, omwe m'chilengedwe amatimangiriza tinthu tokhala ngati organic ndikumaliza nsomba. Zotsatira zake, a Sweden salimbikitsa amayi apakati komanso ana nthawi zambiri amadya nsomba kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Baltic.

Chifukwa chake, pafupifupi matani 6-10 miliyoni a cod amagwidwa pachaka, ambiri a iwo mumadzi a Atlantic.

Kwenikweni, oimira otsatirawa a banja ili ayenera kugwira:

• nsomba zamatumbo
• Pacific Pollock
• haddock
• polisha.

Popeza awa ndi nsomba zam'munsi, zimagwidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zikho zaz pansi. Nyama ya cod ndi malonda otchuka. Fillet, komanso chiwindi cha nsomba izi, zomwe zimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri, zimayamikiridwa kwambiri.

Izi ndichifukwa chazitsulo zotumizira komanso kutumiza, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatha kuposa zinthu zonse zoyipitsidwa ndi chilengedwe. Kodi mfundo zogwiritsa ntchito moyenera ndi ziti? Kodi pali malingaliro ponseponse kuti musankhe nsomba zakumaloko? Kodi nthawi zonse yankho lake ndi ili?

Pakadali pano, Baltics ndiye dera lomwe limayendetsedwa bwino ndi malingaliro onse, chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha kukula kwa asodzi okhazikika, mutha kusankha nsomba za Baltic. Muthanso kusankha misodzi yomwe asodzi amagwira chifukwa amagwira ma unit osachita chilichonse.

Ma cutlets

Zosavuta kuphika makeke amchere zimasiyanitsa zakudya ndipo zimapindulitsa anthu onse pabanja.

Chakudya chofufumitsa (magawo awiri) chizikhathamiritsidwa mkaka wa 50 ml kwa mphindi 5. 800 g ya cod, anyezi 1, 1 kansalu ya adyo ndi mkate (omwe adakomedwa kale mkaka) uyenera kudutsidwa ndi chopukusira nyama kuti nyama yopaka. Chotsatira, muyenera kuwonjezera dzira 1, mchere, zonunkhira zomwe mumakonda ndi zitsamba kwa izo.

Nyama yopukutidwa imamenyedwa ndi kukunkhidwa, ma cutlets omwe amafunika kuyikidwa m'mafuta otentha mpendadzuwa. Ma cutlets amawokedwa mbali zonse pa kutentha kozama. Kutembenuzira kumbali yachiwiri, mutha kuphimba poto ndi chivindikiro. Zidula zikakhala zagolide, mutha kuzichotsa pamoto ndikutumikira.

Nyanja Omega-3 Zowonjezera

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe zimakhala ndi omega-3s zimasiyana. Momwe mungasankhire zoyenera ngati simukufuna nsomba? Malamulo ochepa:

• kapangidwe - zomerazi ndizabwino kwambiri kuposa nsomba,
• gwero la mafuta am'madzi ndi nyama kapena nsomba yaying'ono, osatenga mkatikati,
• malo ogwidwa
• kuyeretsa mulingo
• onani kuchuluka kwa asidi mu kapisolo,
• samalani ndi mtengo - chinthu choyenera sichotsika mtengo.

Zakudya zowonjezera za omega-3 zitha kugulidwa ku malo ogulitsira a intaneti a iHerb. Adilesi ya tsambalo ku Russia ndi ru.iherb.com.Zogulitsa kuchokera ku zosakaniza zachilengedwe, opanga opanga ku America ndi ku Europe, mitengo yotsika kuposa pharmacy imodzi ndi theka mpaka kawiri. Kutumiza padziko lonse lapansi.

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Omega-3 ndi gawo lofunikira. Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino, muyenera kudya zosachepera zana magalamu azakudya zamkati tsiku lililonse kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zina zapadera.

Kodi kuphika nsomba zamkati?

Mutha kuphika nsomba za cod m'njira zosiyanasiyana: imaphikidwa mu uvuni, yokazinga mu poto kapena pa grill, yophika mu poto kapena ophika pang'onopang'ono, wowotchera, wopangidwa kuchokera ku cod, yokazinga mu batter, komanso kuwonjezera zakudya zambiri zokoma monga chachikulu kapena chowonjezera.

Kutchuka kwambiri ndi zidutswa za ma cod, zomwe alendo ambiri amakonda kupanga. Komanso nsomba zophika ndi zojambulazo kapena zophika zimatchuka chimodzimodzi.

Zopatsa mphamvu za calor mu mtundu uliwonse siziposa 90 kilocalories pa magalamu zana azinthu. Nsomba sizimatchedwa kuti mafuta, chifukwa choyenera kuphikira zakudya kuchokera pamenepo.

Cod si nsomba yongokhala konseko, chifukwa chake nyama yake imatha kuyikiridwa ndi nyama yozama kuti ikonzedwe bwino. Koma pali vuto limodzi: nyama ya cod ndiyowuma. Ichi ndichifukwa chake muyenera kuwonjezera ma sosi osiyanasiyana ndi miyala yoyera kuti ikhale yosangalatsa.

Nazi njira zina zodziwika kwambiri zopangira ndodo kunyumba:

• Kukuwotcha - Iyi ndi njira yosavuta komanso yosavuta yophika nsomba pakudya kwamadzulo kapena chakudya chamadzulo. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusungira zosowa zofunika ndikutsatira malingaliro athu. Tenga pepala la zojambulazo ndikuthira mafuta ndi masamba, ikani anyezi woikidwa m'mphete. Kenako tengani filimu ya cod, nadzatsuka ndi kukhetsa, nyengo ndi mchere ndi zonunkhira, kenako ndikuyiyika mphete za anyezi. Finyani zonunkhira zowoneka bwino pamwamba pa filimu ya nsomba, ikani mphete zingapo za ndimu, ndikuyika mbaleyo ndi magawo a phwetekere. Tsopano pakani zosakaniza bwino kupanga envulopu yopanda mpweya, ndikutumiza mu uvuni wamoto wapita madigiri 180. Kuphika cod fillet ndi masamba mphindi makumi awiri.
• Zokazinga nsomba zamkati zimaphika mofulumira kuposa zophika. Pofuna kuwaza nsomba izi, mutha kutenga zonse ziwiri zolaula ndi nyama zamiyendo. Opaka mu ufa kapena matebulo, mchere ndi tsabola, kenako amathira mafuta mu poto, ndikuwotcha. Mafuta akayamba kuperewera, ikani cod mu poto. Choyimira chimafunika kuchikongoletsa kwa mphindi 5-7, ndipo zidutswa za mtembo zimatenga nthawi inanso. Osaphimba mbale ndi chivindikiro kuti apange Krisimasi.
• Mutha kuyesanso kuphika choyambirira nsomba casserole. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuwira ndi kuphwanya mbatata, osasenda mbatata yosenda kwambiri, kotero kuti imakhala ndi zidutswa zonse za mbatata. Mafuta mbale yophika ndikuyika mbatata yosenda mkati mwake, ndiye mwachangu ndi mphete za anyezi ndi kaloti mu poto, ndikuyika pamwamba pa mbatata zosenda. Kenako ikani chidutswa cha cod, dzazani mkaka ndi mkaka watsopano ndikuwaza ndi tchizi yokazinga, ndikutumiza mu uvuni kwa theka la ola. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito wophika pang'onopang'ono kuphika coderole wokoma wotereyu.

Pali njira zambiri komanso zophikira zakukonzekera zodabwitsa kuchokera ku nsomba, kuyambira ndi msuzi wa nsomba ndikutha ndi cutlets ndi casseroles.Mutha kuyeserera panokha pakuphika ndodo kunyumba malinga ndi zomwe mumachita.

Zakudya zokhathamira ndi anyezi

Chinsinsi cha cod fillet mu poto sichiri chovuta, ndipo ngakhale wophika wa novice angathane nacho.

Nsomba (pafupifupi 500 g fillet) ziyenera kudulidwa kukhala magawo, mchere ndikuwonjezera zonunkhira zomwe mumakonda. Anyezi (1 pc.) Amadulidwa m'mphetezo theka. Chotsatira, muyenera kutentha mafuta ndikugudira nsomba mu ufa.

Pansi pa poto, yikani kaye magawo anyezi ochepa, ndikuyika nsomba pamwamba. Ndikofunikira kuyamwa kumbali zonse mpaka kutumphuka kokongola kwa golide. Chifukwa chake zizichitika ndi zidutswa zonse za filimu. Tumikirani mbale ndi mbale ina yam'mbali.

Kuphatikizika ndi zopatsa mphamvu

Mkati mwa zaka za zana la 20, nsomba za hake ankawonetsedwa ngati nsomba zamalonda chachiwiri chifukwa cha mafuta ochepa omwe amapezeka. Masiku ano, mtengo wake wakula ndendende chifukwa cha mafuta ochepa komanso kupezeka kwazakudya zina. 100 g ya malonda ili ndi:

• mapuloteni - 16,3 g
• omega-3-polyunsaturated mafuta acids - 0,2 mg,
• mafuta - 2.2 g
• chakudya - 0,
• madzi - 80.3 g.

https://youtu.be/GrLn-FKm8wY
Zopatsa mphamvu zama calorie a 100 g hake ndi 86.2 kcal, mankhwalawa amatha kuwonedwa ngati zakudya.

Stew cod mu poto ndi phwetekere msuzi

Chinsinsi ichi cha filimu za cod mu poto zimakhudza njira ziwiri zophikira. Choyamba muyenera kuwaza nsomba, kenako ndikupera mumsuzi wa phwetekere.

Nsomba (500 g fillet) ziyenera kutsukidwa, kenako kabati ndi tsabola ndi mchere. Kenako imadulidwa mzidutswa ndi kusokerera mu mafuta a masamba kwa mphindi ziwiri mbali zonse ziwiri.

Anyezi 1 ayenera kuwaza ndi kuwaza mbale ina. Pafupi ndi nsomba yokazinga muyenera kuwonjezera anyezi, supuni 4 za msuzi wa phwetekere kapena pasitala, tsamba la bay ndi supuni ziwiri za mandimu. Chilichonse chimasakanizidwa mosamala, chimakutidwa ndi chivindikiro ndikusungidwa pamoto wotsika pafupifupi mphindi 10. Mapeto, onjezerani amadyera omwe mumawakonda, thimitsani chitofu ndikusiyira mbale kuyimirira pansi pa chivundikirocho kwa mphindi zochepa.

Cod Head Khutu

Chinsinsi chake chidzasangalatsa kwambiri okonda msuzi wa nsomba ndi omwe amakonda kuphika mbale zachilengedwe.

Mitu ya cod (pafupifupi 1 makilogalamu) iyenera kutsukidwa bwino, muchotse zochotsera zonse ndikuyika poto yayikulu. Kenako, onjezani masamba a Bay, mchere, zonunkhira zomwe mumakonda ndi 4 l yamadzi poto. Kuphika msuzi kwa mphindi 30. Panthawi imeneyi, mutha kuphika masamba. Kuti muchite izi, peel ndi kuwaza mbatata 5, anyezi awiri ndi 1 wamkulu karoti.

Chotsatira, anyezi uyenera kukazinga ndi mafuta, ndipo pakakhala chowonekera, muyenera kuwonjezera kaloti ndikuwusiyitsa moto kwa mphindi zina zisanu. Pambuyo pake, anyezi ndi kaloti ayenera kusamutsidwa ku msuzi ndikuwiritsa pamoto wapakatikati kwa mphindi 15, ndikuthira.

Ndi nsomba ziti zomwe sizimangolowa famu?

Nsomba zolimidwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu komanso zonenepa kuposa zomwe zimagwidwa ndi zombo zosodza. Ndikosavuta kunena mosasiyanitsa kuti ndi nsomba iti yomwe ili bwino malinga ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Nsomba zam'nyanja zimadziunjikira muzitsulo zawo zolemera za nyama, mafuta opangira mafuta, mercury chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwa malo okhala m'madzi, komanso zopangidwa mwaukadaulo - mankhwala ndi mahomoni.

Nyanja, carp, nsomba, nsomba, telapia, sturgeon - onse akulu mwakapangidwa.

Nayi mndandanda wamagulu azinkhwawa zamtchire omwe sanakulidwe mwangozi ndipo amatha kupezeka m'malo athu: capelin, pollock, halibut, flounder, catfish (Barents Sea), macrorus, seaass, catfish, Atlantic cod, haddock, Atlantic mackerel, herring, sardines, muksun, ice.

Komabe, kumbukirani kuti unyinji waukulu wa nsomba mumashelefu athu, pansi pa mayina akunja osiyanasiyana, makamaka omwe amagulitsidwa popanda mutu, ndi pengasius yemwe wakulitsa malonda ku South America.

Nsomba monga hering, pollock, bass sea, mackerel, capelin, herring, spat, komanso catfish, flounder, pinki nsomba, nsomba, hake, safironi cod, sizikulimidwa mwamafamu.

Mwachitsanzo, chowongolera sichikulitsidwa mwakapangidwe, popeza chimakhala pansi, ndipo sichikhala mu ukapolo.

Hering, capelin, nawonso, sanaphunzire kupanga zojambulajambula.

Pali anthu omwe samakonda capelin, ndipo njira yake, imachokera ku banja la salimoni ndipo ali ndi gwero labwino la mavitamini ndi michere (ili ndi vitamini B12 yambiri kuposa ng'ombe yokhala ndi ng'ombe, ili ndi mavitamini A ndi D, amino acid acidionion, cysteine, lysine, threonine komanso: ayodini, bromine, fluorine, phosphorous, potaziyamu, sodium, selenium (yomwe mu capelin imakhala pafupifupi 10 times kuposa nyama).

Koma pafupifupi nsomba zofiira zonse zomwe zimakhala pama shelufu, zowazidwa ndi madzi oundana, zimasungidwa.

Mukamasankha nsomba, akatswiri azakudya amalangiza kugula imodzi yomwe simunalimidwe m'mafishi. Nsomba zotere ndi monga: cod, saury, hering'i, pollock, nsomba za pinki.

Nsomba yotereyi imawonedwa ngati yofunika kwambiri, chifukwa, mosiyana ndi abale ake omwe amadya bwino, sinali yodzaza ndi ma feed a gmo kapena / kapena maantibayotiki.

Mwa njira, monga njira ina, ambiri okhala m'chilimwe akuchita ntchito yolima nsomba m'malo osungira pafupi. Crucian ndiyothandiza kwambiri pazolinga zotere, zomwe zimatha kusintha ndikubala bwino pafupifupi madzi aliwonse. Telapia amakula bwino ukapolo. Ndikwabwino kugula nsomba zopangidwa pamafamu osati nthawi zambiri.

Kodi mudalidi ndi CATCHI WABWINO KWAMBIRI?

Munali liti komaliza kugwirira mapiritsi / mitembo / mitembo yambiri?

Nthawi zonse timafuna kupeza zotsatira kuchokera ku usodzi - kugwira nsomba zitatu zokha, koma ma kilogalamu khumi ndi awiri - izi ndi zomwe adzagwidwe! Aliyense wa ife amalota za izi, koma si aliyense amadziwa bwanji.

Kugwidwa kwabwino kumatheka (ndipo tikudziwa izi) chifukwa cha nyambo yabwino.

Itha kukonzedwa kunyumba, mutha kugula m'masitolo asodzi. Koma m'masitolo ndiokwera mtengo, komanso kuphika nyambo kunyumba, muyenera kuthera nthawi yambiri, ndipo, molondola, kutali ndi nyambo zonse zapanyumba zimayenda bwino.

Kodi mukudziwa kukhumudwitsidwa pamene mudagula nyambo kapena kuphika kunyumba ndikugwira mapaundi atatu kapena anayi?

Ndiye mwina ndi nthawi yoti mutengere mwayi wogulitsa chinthu, ntchito zomwe zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi komanso machitidwe pamitsinje ndi m'madziwe aku Russia?

Zachidziwikire, ndibwino kuyesa kamodzi kuposa kumva kangapo. Makamaka tsopano - nyengo yenyewe! Kuchotsera kwa 50% mukamaitanitsa ndi bonasi yabwino!