Wofera-angler, kapena ilka (lat. Martes pennanti) ndi wa banja la Kunya (Mustelidae). Adadzipatsa dzina chifukwa chakuba nsomba zamisodzi zomwe zimayikidwa pa nyama zina.
Kwa iye, nyama yolusa siimangodya kwambiri ndipo samadya kwambiri, zomwe zimakonda kwambiri zolengedwa zapadziko lapansi.
Gender yamtunduwu ndizokayikitsa pakati pa ochita misonkho ambiri. Ena amaufotokozera kuti ndi mtundu wina wa Pecania ndipo amamuyesa pafupi ndi Wolverines (Gulo) kuposa Martens.
Ilka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri anali atatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa kwathunthu kumadera ambiri okhala nawo.
Pamodzi ndi American marten (Martes americana), kwakhala kwakhala kukuchitika kwa malonda a ubweya. Akuluakulu am'deralo amayenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti atiteteze chifukwa cha prolific porcupins (Erethizon dorsatum), omwe amakonda kulimba makungwa a mitengo, makamaka shuga maple (Acer saccharum). Ndi okhazikika marten omwe angachepetse kuchuluka kwa makoswe ovulalawa.
Kufalitsa
Malo amenewa amakhala ku North America kumwera kwa Canada komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa United States. Malire ake akumwera amachokera kumapiri a Sierra Nevada ku California kupita kumapiri a Appalachian ku West Virginia.
Ochuluka kwambiri omwe adakhalako zigawo zaku Canada za Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta ndi Briteni.
Pine marten amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango zachilengedwe.
Nthawi zambiri, imawonedwa m'nkhalango zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba osakanizika komanso osakanizika, ndipo nthawi zambiri imapewa malo.
Mpaka pano, ma subspecies atatu amadziwika. Mayendedwe apamwamba amatchuka ku Canada ndi kumpoto kwa United States.
Khalidwe
Ilka amakhala moyo wodzipatula, zochita zimawonetsedwa nthawi zambiri usiku kuposa masana. Alibe pobisalira. Zosangalatsa, amagwiritsa ntchito dzenje la mitengo ndi zingwe zochotsa nyama zina. Malo ambiri achiwembu amatha kufika pa 15 square. km kuchokera kwa akazi ndi 38 lalikulu mamilimita. km kuchokera kwa abambo.
Nyamazo zimakwiyira amuna kapena akazi anzawo ndipo zimateteza mwamphamvu malire awo a malo osaka kwawo. Masamba a eni matenga opambana amapitilira, zomwe sizimabweretsa mikangano pakati pawo.
Marten angler amakwera mitengo mwangwiro ndikusambira bwino. Ngati ndi kotheka, amatha kuwoloka mitsinje yaying'ono ndi nyanja.
Mu tsiku limodzi, ilka amathamanga 20-30 km, amatha kuthamanga mtunda mpaka 5 km mwachangu.
Ngakhale ma pecans iwowo amadyera ndipo ali pamwamba pa chakudya, achinyamata, achikulire ndi odwala amadwala. Adani awo achilengedwe ndi coyotes (Canis latrans), nkhandwe zofala (Vulpes vulpes), owulu aamwali (Bubo virginianus), Canada (Lynx canadensis) ndi lynx wofiira (Lynx rufus).
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Ma Marten-angler ndi opatsa chidwi, koma perekani zowonekeratu amakonda kudya makoswe osiyanasiyana. Ma shrews osachedwa kuwonongeka (Blarina brevicauda) amadziwika kuti ndiwo amakonda kwambiri. Amadyanso gologolo ku America (Lepus americanus), Caroline squirrels (Sciurus), agologolo a m'nkhalango (Clethrionomys) ndi ma gule amvi (Microtus).
Martens amalimbikira pa kusaka. Amangopeza wopezedwa ndi mponya wowombera, komanso nthawi zonse amakumba mitsuko yamiyendo. Nyama sizinyansidwa ndi zovunda ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa zikudya mitembo yamayendedwe oyera (Odocoileus virginianus) ndi moose (Alces alces).
Amakonda chisa chowononga cha mbalame podya mazira ndi anapiye. Ziwombankhanga zimagona mbalame zogona usiku ndipo zimatha kupirira mosavuta ngakhale ndi ma turkeys akuluakulu amtchire (Meleagris gallopavo). Sadzaphonya mwayi wothana ndi nkhandwe zazing'ono ndi nkhandwe ngati palibe nyama zachikulire pafupi.
Asodziwo amapha wozunzidwayo ndi kuluma kumbuyo kwa mutu.
Akufuna ziwalo, amamuvutitsa mpaka kukomoka mosalekeza, kuyesera kuluma mosayembekezeka kumaso kapena m'mimba yosatetezeka kwa theka la ola. Amakonda kuyendera minda yakumidzi ndikupha nkhuku ndi amphaka.
Kuswana
Akazi amakhala okhwima pazaka chimodzi, ndipo amuna amakhala mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo. Nthawi yakukhwima, kutengera nyengo yozizira, imayamba kuyambira kumapeto kwa February mpaka kumayambiliro Meyi. Osewera amangokumana kwa maola ochepa ndikusokonekera atatha kukhwima. Amuna okwatirana amakhala ndi akazi ambiri ndipo alibe chidwi ndi tsoka la ana awo.
Kukula kwa mazira kumayambira kumayambiriro kwaadoktocyst ndikuyambiranso pakatha miyezi 10. Zotsatira zake, kutenga pakati kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 50. Nthawi zambiri zazikazi zimabereka pambuyo pa mwezi wa Okutobala. Mu litala limodzi pali ana pafupifupi 6.
Patatha sabata limodzi atabereka, mkaziyo amayamba kusokonekera, ndipo amathanso kudzala.
Ana amabadwira mchisa, womwe umapezeka kubowo. Amabadwa akhungu, osawathandiza komanso okutidwa ndi tsitsi lowoneka bwino. Kulemera kwawo ndi 30 40 g. Pamasabata 7-8, maso awo amatseguka. M'miyezi yachiwiri ndi yachitatu, ubweya wa imvi umakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni kapena chokoleti.
Kudyetsa mkaka kumatenga milungu 8-10, koma pakakhala kuti palibe chakudya chokwanira kumatha masabata ena atatu. Achinyamata a miyezi inayi atakula kale ndipo ayamba kuchita nawo kusaka. Pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, amakhala ndi maluso onse ofunikira kuti athe kukhala pawokha komanso kugawana ndi amayi awo.
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwa thupi la achikulire, kutengera amuna ndi akazi, masentimita 75 mpaka 120, ndi mchira wa 31-41 cm.Izitali 2000-5500 g. Akazi ndi ochepa komanso opepuka kuposa amuna. Ubweya kumbuyo ndi m'mimba umafika kutalika kwa 3-7 cm.
Utoto umasiyana mtundu wa bulauni mpaka bulauni wa chocolate. Dera lakhosi limakhala loyera, ndipo nape ndi yagolide. Ubweya umakhala ndi mkanda wamkati ndi tsitsi lakunja.
Miyendo yake ndiyifupi koma yolimba, yosinthika poyenda m'chipale chofewa. Pali zala zisanu pamawamba okhala ndi zikhadabo zosabwezeka. Pali mano 38 mkamwa. Kukhetsa kumayambira kumapeto kwa chirimwe ndipo kumatha mu Novembala kapena Disembala.
Pine marten wakhala m'tchire pafupifupi zaka 8. Ali mu ukapolo, ndi chisamaliro chabwino, amakhala mpaka zaka 12-14.
Habitat
Marten angler yogawidwa m'nkhalango za North America, kuyambira ku Mapiri a Sierra Nevada ku California kupita kumapiri a Appalachian ku West Virginia, ndikusankha kumamatirira m'nkhalango zachuma ndi mitengo yambiri yopanda kanthu. Ilka nthawi zambiri amakhala pamitengo ya spruce, fir, thuja ndi mitengo ina yabwino. M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'makola, nthawi zina kukumba mu chisanu. Ilki nimbly kukwera mitengo, koma nthawi zambiri amayenda pansi. Amakhala otanganidwa nthawi yonse, amakhala moyo wawekha.