Argiope bruennichi kapena kangaude (zebra kangaude) - lat. Argiope bruennichi, woimira mtundu wa arthropods, ndi wa gulu la arachnids. Argiopes aku Brunnich amakhala ndi moyo wapadziko lapansi.

Mawonekedwe

Akazi ndi akangaude akulu okhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 3 cm. Cephalothorax ya akazi nthawi zambiri imakutidwa ndi tsitsi loyera. Cephalothorax ya kutsogolo imakhala yocheperako kuposa gawo lotsatira la thoracic. Chelicerae ndi ochepa. Miyendo nthawi zambiri imakhala yayitali komanso yopyapyala, yopindika, yokhala ndi zovala zakuda komanso zopepuka. Miyendo yoyamba ndi yachiwiri ndi yotalikirapo, pafupifupi zofanana, lachiwiri ndi lalifupi, lachitatu ndi lalifupi.

M'mimba nthawi zambiri mumakhala utoto wowala, pamakhala mikwaso yakuda, yoyera, chikaso, lalanje ndi mawanga. Malo apansi (mkati) nthawi zambiri pamakhala timizere tating'ono tating'ono pamiyendo yakuda, pakati pomwe pali zoyera kapena zachikaso. Kapangidwe kake ndikotakataka, kawiri kutalika kwake. Mitundu yambiri pamimba imakhala ndi kutuluka kapena njira zina zamkati, zina zimakhala ndi kutalika kwam'mimba. Nkhondo za ku Arachnoid ndizofala.

Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane zogonana: Amuna ndi ochepa 4-5 kuposa akazi, cephalothorax nthawi zambiri amakhala maliseche, chelicera amakhala ocheperako kuposa akazi.

Kodi kangaude umaoneka bwanji?

Kuchokera ku dzina lenileni la mitundu ya arachnids sizovuta kudziwa kuti mtundu wa kangaude uti.

Mawonekedwe ake ndi awa:

• pamimba yokutidwa kwathunthu ndi mikwingwirima yowala yachikasu ndi yakuda. Pafupi ndi kulumikizana ndi cephalothorax, utoto umasintha pang'ono kupita kumbali ya ashen ndi bulauni,
• palinso mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yachikhalidwe kutulutsa chimbudzi pamalo opumira,
• cephalothorax imakutidwa ndi phulusa lonunkhira lamkati pansi, ndipo pamutu wakuda pali maso asanu ndi atatu osiyana: 4 yaying'ono pamzere wotsika, 2 yayikulu, yowoneka molunjika, mzere wapakatikati ndi maso apakatikati awiri mbali zammutu,
• Tizilombo ta kachiromboka ndiitali kwambiri. Pali asanu ndi atatu, anayi mbali iliyonse. Iliyonse ya iyo ili ndi malo 6, ndipo m'dera lamalo awo pamakhala mikwingwirima yopepuka ya beige.

Komwe kumakhala: dera, malo, moyo

Kangaude komwe kumakhala kangaude kumadziwika kuti ndi pakati komanso kumwera kwa Europe, pomwe kangaudeyu amasankha malo onyowa a m'nkhalangoyi kapena malo opondera, ali ndi makoka ake osaka pakati pa nthambi, mitengo, udzu wamtali ndi malo ena.

Lamulo lomwe kangaudeyu amawongolera posankha malo oti adzaike pa intaneti yake ndi kupezeka kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa, komwe kumawunikira tsambalo kuchokera kumbali zonse nthawi zosiyanasiyana.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti kambuku wamtundu wa belnichi ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kowonetsera ma radiation a ultraviolet, omwe amachititsa chidwi cha tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.

Kanema: za akangaude a argiope bruennichi Wopanga ukonde wosaka womwewo ali pakatikati pa intaneti yake ndipo akuwoneka ngati chilembo X, miyendo yosonkhanitsa pamodzi.

Ndiye chifukwa chake miyendo yake singathe kuzindikirika ndi tizilombo tosakhazikika tomwe timatenga kangaude ndi kumalowetsa kolowera pamaneti, ndikusyasyalika pang'onopang'ono pazakudya zomwe zimadya.

Momwe mungapangire webu ndi zomwe muyenera kudya

Argiope akugwira ntchito yoluka matchuthi nthawi yamadzulo kuti athe kutola tulo tamadye m'mawa. Ukonde wotere umalumikizidwa ndi zingwe zingapo zazikulu kwambiri kuposa zinazo, malo omwe pakati pawo amadzazidwa ndi masanjidwe opindika. Ndipo pakudya kwa kangaude, mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo, momwe:

• ziwala
• ntchentche
• udzudzu
• agulugufe
• zamanyazi
• njuchi
• midge,
• mavu.

Tizilombo tokhala m'tchire timafa; Tizilombo titaleka kuyenda, kangaudeyo amakukulunga mu ukonde, ndikuchotsa ulusi wosungidwa patsamba ndikuponya zomwe tikufuna mtsogolo m'malo obisika.

Pakapita kanthawi, zinthu zakupha zidzafewetsa chipolopolo cha kachilomboka, kenako kangaude amatha kudya chakudya, ndikuyamwa madzi onse owagwirawo.

Kubalana ndi kukula kwa ana

Kuluka kangaude kumapezeka kumapeto kwa September. Akakhwima, wamkazi amadya mnzake, yemwe amafotokozeredwa ndi mtundu wanthawi zonse wolamulira, pamene nyama zazikulu zimadya zazing'ono. Kenako adaluka nthako yaying'ono kuchokera pa intaneti pomwe amaikira mazira pafupifupi 400. Pambuyo pake, mkaziyo amwalira. Mimbulu imabisala mumphika wofunda komanso wowuma, ndipo kasupe amaswa kuchokera ku mazira ndikulowa mu ukonde wozungulira coco. Si ana onse omwe amakhalabe ndi moyo, chifukwa kudyetsa pakamwa 400 ndi ntchito yovuta, chifukwa chake ambiri adyedwa ndi abale awo kapena kufa ndi njala.

Zotsatira zake, ndi okhazikika komanso achikulire kwambiri amene adzapulumuka. Pafupifupi mwezi wa Ogasiti, akangaude amphamvu amatha kukwawa, ndipo ena amayenda ndi mafunde awo. Pakutha kwa Seputembala, abwereza kusinthika kwa mtundu.

Kuluma ndizowopsa pamunthu

Argiope brunnicha sangathe kuvulaza munthu, komanso kupha. Mwambiri, kangaudeyu sakhala wankhanza, chifukwa chake sangangomenya munthu. Chinthu china, ngati mumusokoneza, mwachitsanzo, kutola. Zikatero, nyamayo imakuwona kuti ndiwe wowopseza ndikuyesera kudziteteza. Chifukwa chakuluma, kufupika pang'ono kumatha kupanga thupi m'njira yofatsa, komanso kupweteka pang'ono, kuyabwa, ndi kumva kulira.

Kwa okonda arachnids, chidziwitso pa malamulo osungira kunyumba kangaude monga argiope bruennichi chikhala chothandiza.

Zofunikira

Monga malo abwino okhala belgni argiopes, muyenera kukhala ndi malo okwanira kuti kangaudeyo azikhala komwe angatumizireko. Kukula kwakukulu kudzakhala masentimita 20x30 ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 20. Ndikwabwino kuti musankhe chophimba cha ma mesa ku terarium yotere, kotero kuti mpweya wokwanira umayenda mkati momasuka. Monga gawo lapansi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito dothi wamba, dongo, chisakanizo cha zinthu izi, kapena kugula osakaniza apadera a coconut a arachnids.

Mkati mwa terariamu, muyenera kukonzekera nthambi zouma mumiyala yosiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwake kosiyanasiyana, kuti kangaude akhale womasuka kupanga ulalo wamba wa intaneti.

Adzakonza malo ena obisika m'makona a boma, komwe amabisala zochulukazo. Mkati mwa terariamu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisunge kutentha kwa chipinda ndikuwunika chinyezi chokwanira.

Kudyetsa

Kuonetsetsa kuti pali zakudya zoyenera, kumalimbikitsidwanso kupatsa chakudya kangaude osapitirira kawiri pa tsiku. Mwachitsanzo, izi zitha kuchitika m'mawa ndi madzulo. Monga chakudya, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo tosiyanasiyana touluka, timphatikiza tomwe timapezeka mu malo ogulitsira apadera aliwonse. Koma kuyesa tizilombo ta mumsewu sikuyenera, chifukwa limodzi nawo amatha kubweretsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe angafupikitse moyo waufupi wa argiope bruhnnichi.

Madzi amathiridwa m'mbale zakumwa ndikusinthidwa pafupipafupi kukhala zatsopano. Chidebe chaching'ono choterocho ndi madzi (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chivundikiro cha pulasitiki chachitini) chithandiza kukhalabe ndi chinyezi chokwanira munthaka.

Muyeneranso kusamala ndi kuyeretsa kwakanthawi. Kamodzi pa sabata, sinthani gawo labwino kwambiri la gawo lapansi, ndikuchotsa kanyumba kangaudewo limodzi nawo. Panthawi yoyeretsa, nyamayo imatha kusamutsira mumtsuko wamagalasi wamba kuti isakulume.

Makoma a terrarium amafunikiranso kupukutidwa ndi ma antiseptic othandizira kuti asatuluke ndikukula kwa mabakiteriya ndi bowa. Yendetsani mosamala ngodya kuti musasokoneze malo obisika a ziweto zanu. Mukawerenga nkhani yathu, mutha kusiyanitsa pakati pa kangaude ndi tizilombo tina. Ndipo ngakhale anthu ambiri amawopa kapena kunyansidwa ndi oimira awa, pali akatswiri ena omwe amakonda kusunga argiope brunnich kunyumba.

Web

Tsamba losokosera limakhala ngati kangaude ozungulira: ululu womwe umazungulira ululu kuzungulira ulusi wothandizira. Tsamba limakhala loloza kapena pang'ono pang'ono kupita ku cholowera.

Ukonde umakhala ndi ulusi wokhazikika wa ulusi wambiri pakati - kukhazikika. Pakhoza kukhala awiri, atatu, anayi kapena kupitilira kwamtunduwu kuchokera kumtunda, womwe ndi mtundu wamitundu. Kukhazikika kumatha kukhala kolunjika, ndikuluka kozungulira pakatikati pa webusayiti, ndikuwoneka ngati mtanda wokhala ndi X. Kukula kwake sikumveka bwino, ngakhale kuli maphunziro ambiri. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu: kuthamangitsa nyama zolusa, kukopa tizilombo, kumanga kangaude ndi zina zotero.

Kafukufuku wina adawonetsa kuti kukhazikika pamtunda kumakopa tizirombo chifukwa timafanana ndi masomphenyawo. Ofufuzawo amakhulupirira kuti choyambirira cha chisinthiko chinali njira yokhazikika yomwe zikhalidwe zingapo za ku Asia ndi ku Australia zimapangidwira bwino kwambiri.

Moyo

Ukonde umamangidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana, pakati pamitengo m'nkhalango, m'madambo. Argiopes samamanga m'misasa pafupi ndi intaneti, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala pakati pake, podikirira kulanda.

Mitundu ina pa nkhawa imasunthira limodzi intaneti, posawoneka kwa mdaniyo. Ena amagwa pansi ndipo m'mimba mwawo mumakhala mdima pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha maselo apadera.

Pakukhwima, nthawi zambiri zazikazi zimadyera zamphongo. Mu mitundu ina, amuna amachita Autotomy: Amaswa gawo lomaliza la nthawi yofanizira. Chidutswa cha pedipalpa, embolism, nthawi zina okhala ndi zigawo zowonjezera, chimatchinga maliseche akuchikazi.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Chithunzi: Argiope Brunnich

Argiope Bruennichi amatanthauza arachnid arthropods, ndi woimira gulu la akangaude, banja la kangaude wa orb, gulu la argiope, mtundu wa Argiope Brunnich.

Dzina la kangaude wa Argiope adalandira polemekeza nymph wakale wachi Greek. Pafupifupi zaka mazana atatu zapitazo, chinali chizolowezi kuti tizilombo tizipereka mayina a zolengedwa zauzimu zachi Greek. Brunnich ndi dzina la wofufuzira, katswiri wodziwa za nyama ku Denmark, yemwe analemba buku lalikulu lonena za mankhwala opha tizilombo m'zaka za 1700.

Kanema: Argiope Bruennich

Nthawi yeniyeni yomwe adachokera komanso magawo osinthika amtundu wamtunduwu ndi ovuta kudziwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti zigamba zoteteza, zowononga zimawonongedwa mwachangu. Zotsalira zochepa za ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za makolo akale a arachnids nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa mu amber kapena utomoni. Ndizomwe zidapeza izi zomwe zidaloleza asayansi ndi ofufuza kunena kuti ma arachnids oyamba adabadwa zaka pafupifupi 280 - 320 miliyoni zapitazo.

Kupezeka kwakale kwambiri kwa arthropod kwapezeka m'dera la People's Republic of China lakale. Poyerekeza ndi ziwalo za thupi zopatula amber, ma arthropod a nthawiyo anali ndi masikono ang'onoang'ono omwe sanali opitilira mamilimita asanu ndi m'modzi. Mikhalidwe, anali ndi mchira wautali, womwe udasowa mu chisinthiko. Mchira udagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zomwe zimatchedwa tsamba. Makolo akale a arthropods samadziwa kupanga mawayilesi, anangodzigulira mwachindunji ulusi wowuma womwe ankawagwiritsa ntchito pomangira malo awo okhala, kuteteza cocoon.

Chikhalidwe china cha akangaude akale chinali pafupifupi cephalothorax ndi pamimba. Akatswiri a zoologists amati malo omwe amawonekera ndi akangaude ndi Gondwana. Kutayamba kwa Pangea, tizilombo tinayamba kufalikira nthawi yomweyo. Ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yamadzi oundana, zigawo zokhala ndi tizilombo zinachepa kwambiri.

Kodi Argiope Brunnich amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Kangaude wakupha Argiope Bruennich

Kukhazikika kwa mtundu wamtunduwu wa arachnids ndikotakata. Palibe chovuta kunena kuti tizilombo timakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.

Madera a Arthropod:

Mu 60s ndi 70s, anthu ambiri a Argiope Brukhin anali okhazikika mkati mwa 52-53 madigiri kumpoto chakumadzulo. Komabe, kale mu 2000s, zidziwitso zidayamba kulandiridwa zokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa kachilombo m'zigawo zosiyanasiyana, ndipo, nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe amapezeka anali akukhala kumpoto kwenikweni kwa dera lino. Olemba za malo akuti njira yachilendo iyi yothetsera arachnids idapangidwa ndi kuthekera kosasunthika kosuntha - pansi.

Kulakalaka kwa mtundu wa arthropod wamtundu wamitundu yamitundu inaululidwa. Amakonda kukhazikika pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera, zitsamba. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'misewu, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango.

Akangaude amakonda malo otseguka ndi dzuwa. Amakonda mpweya wabwino, wowuma ndipo sangathe kuyimirira ndi chinyezi komanso nyengo yozizira. Nthawi zambiri, kangaude kumaoneka ngati kadzuwa. Mwa mitundu yonse yazomera, amakonda kukhazikika pazomera zochepa zomwe zimamera m'malo ovuta komanso owuma.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe Argiope Brunnich amakhala. Tiwone zomwe amadya.

Kodi Argiope Brunnich amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Argiope Brunnich, kapena kangaude wa maula

Ma spider ma spoti amaonedwa ngati ma arthropods omnivorous. Gwero lalikulu la chakudya ndi tizilombo. Akangaude amazisaka pogwiritsa ntchito maudzu awo. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mukuluka ukadaulo wa pa intaneti sanakhale ofanana. Maukonde ndi akulu kwambiri, ali ndi mawonekedwe amanjinga. Mbali yodziwika bwino pa intaneti ya arthropods iyi ndi kukhalapo kwa mizere ya zigzag. Makina oterewa ndi othandizira podalirika kuti apeze chakudya. Akangaudewo amadya mosangalala tizilombo tina tomwe timalowa.

Kodi malo oyambira argiopes ndi ati:

Mawonekedwe enieni a intaneti amalola kangaude kugwira tizilombo tambiri tambiri. Akangaude a Tiger amapangira poizoni, mothandizidwa ndi omwe amachititsa kuti wozunzidwayo amalepheretse kumasulidwa kwake pamaneti. Ikuwona kugwedezeka kwa maukondewo, arthropod imayandikira njira yake, idaluma, ndikumalowetsa poyizoni ndikuyembekeza kuti idikire.

Chochititsa chidwi: Nthawi zambiri, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono titakopeka pa intaneti nthawi yomweyo, timayang'ana malo ena ndikuyika intaneti yatsopano. Izi ndichifukwa chenjezo la akangaude, omwe akuopa kuwopseza omwe angakumane nawo.

Pakapita nthawi, poizoniyo amayamba kuchita. Imapweteka wokalambayo ndipo imathandizira kuti kusungunuka kwamkati. Zitatha izi, akangaudewo amangomwa zamkati, ndikusiya chipolopolo chakunja. Nthawi zambiri pambuyo pakukhwima, wamkazi amadya mnzake, ngati ali ndi njala kwambiri.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Argiope Brunnich

Argiope Brunnich sakhala tizilombo tokha. Spider zamtunduwu zimapezeka m'magulu awiri, kuchuluka kwake kumatha kufikira anthu awiri. Izi ndizofunikira kuti munthu azidyetsa yekha, komanso kubereka ndi kubereka ana. Mu gululi, wachikazi ndiye mtsogoleri. Ndizomwe zimayambira gululi. Pambuyo pamtunda, ntchito yoluka imayamba.

Ma arthropod amakonda kukhala ndi moyo wokhala ndi dziko lapansi. Kuti adzipulumutse okha ngati magetsi, kangaude umaika ukonde Amakhala a akangaude - ozungulira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ukonde wopangidwa ndi iwo umakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola ngati kakang'ono ka khungu.

Argiopes amaluka maukonde awo mumdima. Zimatenga pafupifupi mphindi 60-80 kuti mupange ukonde. Pakuluka maukonde awo, zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala mkati mwa ukonde wosaka ndi miyendo yoluka.Tsamba lawebusayiti nthawi zambiri limayikidwa pa nthambi, masamba a udzu, kapena m'malo ena pomwe amatha kupezeka ndi tizilombo. Zonse zikakhala kuti zakonzeka, kangaude amabisala pansipa, ndipo amangodikirira yemwe akuzunzidwa.

Katswiri wa arthropod akazindikira kuti akuopseza, nthawi yomweyo imamira pansi ndikutembenukira mozungulira, ndikubisala cephalothorax. Nthawi zina, mfundo zofunika kuziteteza zimayamba kulowa pa intaneti. Mphepo zimakhala ndi malo owonetsera kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndikupanga malo abwino kwambiri, kuthana ndi adani omwe angakhale nawo.

Akangaude amakhala ndi mawonekedwe abata, samakonda kuwonetsa mkwiyo. Ngati munthu akumana ndi kangaude wotere mu vivo, angathe, popanda mantha, kumutenga chithunzi kapena kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala kuchokera kufupi. Usiku, kapena matenthedwe akagwa, akangaude sakhala otakataka kwambiri komanso osagwira ntchito kwenikweni.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Spider Argiope Bruennich

Amuna okhaokha amakhala okonzeka kulowa mbanja kumapeto kwa kusungunula. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika ndikayamba kwa nyengo yakugwa. Pambuyo poyipa kuti zida zapakamwa zazikazi zizikhala zofewa kwakanthawi, zomwe zimapatsa mwayi mwayi wamphongo kuti azitha kubereka. Komabe, izi sizimathandiza nthawi zonse amuna kukhala ndi moyo. Poika mazira, azimayi amayi amafunika mapuloteni, omwe gwero lawo limatha kukhala lokondana.

Asanadutse, abambo amatenga nthawi yayitali ndikusankha mkazi yemwe amamukonda. Ali pafupi kwa kanthawi. Wamphongo akafika kwa mnzake yemwe angasankhe, zingwe za ukonde wosaka sizimanjenjemera, ngati kuti ndi nyama, ndipo mkaziyo akumvetsetsa kuti nthawi yakwana. Amuna amakonda "kubera" mkazi wosankhidwa kotero kuti palibe amene amafunsira.

Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi atakhwima, kangaudeyu amaikira mazira. Pambuyo pake, amalira cocoon imodzi kapena zingapo, chilichonse chimakhazikitsa mazira mazana anayi. Ma cocoon atadzaza, wamkazi amawakonzera pafupi ndi ukonde wake mothandizidwa ndi ulusi wodalirika, wolimba.

Chochititsa chidwi: Mazirawo akabisidwa mu cocoon ndikukhazikika kumtunda, kapena mitundu ina ya masamba, mkazi amafa.

Mu cocoon, mazira amalolera nyengo yachisanu. Spider amatuluka mazira mchaka chokha. Kuyambira ubwana, anthu amtunduwu apikisana kwambiri kuti apulumuke. Kuperewera chakudya m'malo ochepa a cocon kumapangitsa kuti akangaude olimba azitha kudya ofooka komanso ang'ono. Awo omwe adapulumuka amatuluka m'khola ndikuyamba kukwera zamitundu mitundu. Amakweza pamimba ndipo amatulutsa cobweb. Pamodzi ndi mphepo, ma tcoboti ndi akangaude amazinyamula m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kutalika kwa kangaude komwe kumachitika pafupifupi miyezi 12.

Adani achilengedwe a Argiop Bruennich

Chithunzi: Poizoni Argiope Brunnich

Argiope Brunnich, monga mtundu wina uliwonse wa tizilombo, ali ndi adani angapo. Zachilengedwe zinawayika mtundu wowala, wosazolowereka kwa akangaude, chifukwa cha iwo amatha kupewa kuukira kwa mitundu yambiri ya mbalame. Mbalame zimawona mtundu wowala monga chizindikiro ndi chizindikiro kuti kachilombo kamene kali ndi poizoni ndipo ndikuwopseza kudya.

Achibale a kangaude samaimira vuto lililonse kwa bwenzi. Samenya nkhondo chifukwa chamadera, malire, kapena akazi. Akangaude ang'onoang'ono omwe amaswa mazira amakonda kudya wina ndi mnzake, pomwe akadali mu coceko. Izi zimachepetsa pang'ono kuchuluka kwa tizilombo. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti akangaude amakonda kudutsa mitengo yazomera, ndipo amatetezedwa ku tizilombo toopsa ndi tsamba lolimba.

Kuopsa kwa kangaude ndi makoswe, achule, abuluzi. Komabe, nthawi zina, akangaude amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zowopsa izi. Amakonda kudziteteza. Kuti achite izi, amamasula intaneti, ulusi womwe umawalira padzuwa ndikuwopseza iwo omwe adzadye nawo arthropods. Ngati izi sizithandiza, akangaude amaphulika pa intaneti ndikungogwera mu udzu. Sikovuta kuwapezako. Kuphatikiza pa makoswe ndi abuluzi, adani a Argiope Brunnich ndi mavu ndi njuchi, zomwe poizoni wake ndi woopsa kwa akangaude.

Kapangidwe ka thupi la kangaude

Thupi la kangaude limakhala ndi madipatimenti awiri: cephalothorax ndi pamimba. Kapangidwe pakati pa cephalothorax ndi pamimba kamapangidwa chifukwa cha gawo lachisanu ndi chiwiri la cephalothorax. Akangaude a belgini argiope ali ndi miyendo isanu ndi umodzi yamiyendo, m'miyendo inayi ya miyendo inayi ndi awiriawiri a nsagwada. Mapangidwe oyambira a argiopes, mosiyana ndi ma arachnids ena, ndi afupiafupi, ndipo amawonetsedwa ngati mawonekedwe a mahema. Akangaude a ku Argiope agwira nyama yawo pogwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Ma warach a Arachnoid amakhala pansi pamimba.

Umunthu wanyama:

Kukula: kukula kwa brynnichi argiope, kuyambira 12 mpaka 15 mm, ndi ma paws, kutalika kwa kangaude kungafikire 4-5 cm.

Mtundu: kumtunda kwa chifuwa cha kangaude wa beru yemwe amakhala wachikasu ndi utoto wakuda. Kuyambira pa cephalothorax, Mzere wachinayi motsatizana wanena zakusayenerera, zoperekedwa ngati ma tubercles awiri. M'mphepete mwa pamimba pali ma sapulo 6, okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera kumdima mpaka lalanje.

Poizoni

Poizoni wa Argiop amakhala ndi ma polyamines argiopin, argiopinins ndi pseudoargiopinins. Argiopin woyamba adzipatula ku poizoni Argiope lobata mu 1986. Ndi acylpolyamine wokhala ndi zotsalira za katsitsumzukwa, arginine, 2,4-dioxiphenyloic acid ndi polyamine. Argiopin, argiopinins ndi pseudo-argiopinins ndi glutamate receptor blockers. Argiopin pamayendedwe a 0.01-1 μmol / L midadada tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timatulutsa timadzi tating'onoting'ono ndi ma kaule receptors ndi ma AMPA receptors; ma polyamine ena ochokera ku poizoni wa argiop sakukondana kwambiri ndi ma receptor awa.

Makhalidwe azachilengedwe

Mu chilankhulo chovomerezeka, argiope ndi banja la akangaude ozungulira. Banja ili limadziwika ndi kupanga ukonde wozungulira wowombelera womwe umatanthauzira ngati kubowola pakati. Gawo ili laintaneti likuwoneka bwino pamiyala ya ultraviolet, yomwe imatha kusiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo tambiri, chifukwa chake kukhazikika kumawoneka bwino kuzilombo zosiyanasiyana ndi nsikidzi.

Buku! Kukhazikika - ulusi wa intaneti wopanga dongosolo la zigzag.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Wasp Spider - Argiope Brunnich

Mpaka pano, ziwerengero zamtunduwu wa arthropod sizikuwopsezedwa. M'madera omwe amakhala, amapezeka mokwanira. Akangaude awa amayamba ngati ziweto ndi okonda nyama zakunja padziko lonse lapansi. Kutchuka kwake kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake, kusakhudzana ndi zakudya komanso kukonza, komanso mtengo wotsika mtengo. M'dziko lililonse kapena dera lomwe kangaude amakhala, pali mapulogalamu apadera omwe kangaude amatetezedwa ndi chilengedwe kapena olamulira a komweko.

Zambiri zikuchitika ndi anthu m'malo omwe akangaude amakhala. Anthu amauzidwa za zoyenera kuchita akakumana ndi akangaude, za njira zomwe zimayenera kutengedwa nthawi yomweyo ngati kuluma kwachitika. Ana ndi ana asukulu akufotokozeranso kuopsa kwa kangaude wamtunduwu, komanso momwe angakhalire mukakumana ndi iye m'njira yoti apewe kulumidwa ndi tizilombo toopsa.

Argiope Brunnich adawona ngati woimira arthropods, omwe ndizovuta kusokoneza aliyense. Malo ogawikirawa ndi akulu kwambiri, motero nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'makona osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Kuluma kwa kangaude sikungachitike chifukwa cha kufa kwa munthu wamkulu, wathanzi. Komabe, zitha kuyambitsa zovuta zazikulu. Ngati kangaudeyo akadakwanitsa kuluma munthu, muyenera kuthira nthawi yomweyo kuzizira pamalo olumirayo ndikupempha thandizo kuchipatala.

Mawonekedwe

Malinga ndi malongosoledwe, kangaude wa argi ndi wofanana ndi mavu kapena mbidzi. Pa thupi la arthropod, kusintha kwa mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yachikaso kumawonetsedwa bwino, komabe, izi ndizopezeka kwa akazi okha. Amuna amtunduwu ndi ang'ono komanso nondescript.

Mu akangaude a argiope wa Brunnich, kutchulidwa kochulukira kumawonedwa. Yaikazi imakhala ndi kukula kwa mamilimita 15-30, pomwe yamphongo yamphongo imafikira theka la sentimita.

Zojambula ndi malo okhala argiopes

Spider Argiope Bruennich amatanthauza mtundu wa araneomorphic. Izi ndi zazikulu zazikulu; zazimuna zazing'ono kuposa zazikazi. Thupi la mkazi wamkulu limatha kutalikirana masentimita atatu mpaka asanu ndi limodzi, ngakhale kuti pali mbali zina zokulirapo.

Amuna a Argiopem'malo mwake, ndi ochepa kukula - osapitilira mamilimita asanu, kuphatikiza, thupi laling'ono laling'ono limapakidwa utoto wonyezimira kapena wakuda wokhala ndi mimba yopepuka ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yakuda pa iyo, yomwe ili m'mbali mwake. Pa miyendo yowala, yofotokozedwa mofooka, mphete zakumaso. Ma Pedipalps akuveka korona wamwamuna, apo ayi - mababu.

Mu chithunzichi, kangaude wamwamuna argiope

Chachikazi chimasiyana osati kukula kwake, komanso mawonekedwe onse. Chachikazi argiopes wakuda ndi wachikasu mikwingwirima, yokhala ndi mutu wakuda, pa thupi lozungulira-lalitali pali tsitsi laling'ono. Ngati tingawerenge, kuyambira pa cephalothorax, ndiye kuti mzere 4 umasiyana ndi enawo m'matumba awiri ang'onoang'ono omwe ali pakati.

Asayansi ena amafotokoza kuti miyendo ya akazi ndi yayitali, yopyapyala, yakuda yokhala ndi mphete zachikasu kapena zowoneka zachikasu, ena amaganiza motere: miyendo ya kangaude ndi yopepuka, ndipo mikwingwirima yake ndi yakuda. Kutalika kwa miyendo kumatha kufika masentimita 10. Mwathunthu, kangaudeyu ali ndi mbali 6 zamiyendo: awiriawiri amatengedwa ngati miyendo ndi 2 - nsagwada.

Pa chithunzicho, wamkazi wa kangaude

Zoyambira ndi zazifupi, monga ngati mahema. Ndi chifukwa cha kuphatikiza mitundu yakuda ndi yachikaso, yowonetsedwa ndi mikwingwirima pathupi ndi miyendo, argiope amatchedwa "kangaude-mavu". Utoto wokongola wa kangaude umathandizanso kuti usakhale chakudya chamadzulo cha mbalame, chifukwa mu ufumu wa nyama mitundu yowala imawonetsa kukhalapo kwa poizoni wamphamvu.

Mtundu wina wananso - lobular argiope, kapena ayi - argiope lobata. Kangaudeyu adapeza dzina lake loyamba chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendo a thupi - m'mimba mwake laphwanyidwa lachifumu m'mphepete ndi mano akuthwa. Argiope lobata mu chithunzi chimafanana ndi squash yaying'ono yokhala ndi miyendo yayitali yopyapyala.

Mu chithunzi, kangaude wa argiope lobata (lobular agriope)

Oimira mitunduyi afalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Amapezeka ku Africa, Europe, Asia Minor, komanso m'malo ambiri a Russian Federation, Japan, ndi China. Malo omwe mumakonda moyo ndi manda, m'mphepete, malo ena aliwonse owuyatsidwa ndi dzuwa.

Nthawi zambiri funso ndi "kangaude wa argiope ndi woopsa kapena ayi", Yankho loti inde inde. Monga akangaude ambiri argiope ndi poyizoniKomabe, kwa munthu samamuopsa - poizoni wake ndiwofooka. Chilombo sichisonyeza mkwiyo kwa anthu, chitha kuluma wamkazi yekha argiopes ndipo pokhapokha mutamugoneka.

Komabe, ngakhale kuti poizoniyo ndi ofooka, kuluma kumatha kupweteketsa, pamene kuluma kumapitilira pansi pakhungu. Malowa amalumidwa nthawi yomweyo amakhala ofiira, otupa pang'ono, pang'ono.

Ululu umachepa pakatha maola angapo, koma kutupa kuchokera kuluma kangaude imatha kukhala masiku angapo. Kuopa kwambiri ndikokha kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa cha mtundu uwu. Argiope amadzimva kuti ali mu ukapolo, ndichifukwa chake (ndipo chifukwa cha mawonekedwe owoneka bwino) nthumwi zamtunduwu zimatha kuwonekera nthawi zambiri m'misika.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso malo okhala argiope brynnicha

Zingwe ndimtundu wa kangaude komwe kumangako msampha. Khumi la miyala yamiyala imakhala ndi mawilo. Zotsatira zake, argiopes amadya chakudya chamadzimadzi, ndiye kuti, tizilombo tomwe timagwera mu ukonde wosakira. Kangaudeyu amapha nyama mothandizidwa ndi kutsogolo kwa nsagwada zam'manja, pomwe pansi pake pali zotulutsa zapoizoni. Argiopes amayamwa michere yonse kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kusiya chophimba chokhacho.

Kugawidwa bwino m'maiko a CIS, North America, kumapiri ndi zipululu.

Kufalitsa

Kugawidwa kumayiko onse kupatula Antarctica. Malo apakati pazosiyanazo ali ku Southeast Asia ndi zilumba zozungulira Oceania, kuphatikiza New Guinea, pomwe mitundu 44 imapezeka. Mitundu 15 imadziwika kuchokera ku Australia. Ku South ndi North America, mitundu 8 imapezeka. Mitundu 11 imakhala ku Africa ndi zilumba zoyandikana nayo (Zanzibar, Cape Verde, Madagas).

Ku Europe, mitundu itatu ili yodziwika: Argiope trifasciata, Argiope bruennichi, Argiope lobata. Mtundu umodzi umadziwika kuchokera ku Central Asia. Kangaude Argiope trifasciata kufalitsa padziko lonse lapansi ndi Argiope bruennichi ndi Argiope lobata kugawidwa mu Dziko Lakale Lonse.

Makhalidwe a Argiope wa Brunnich

Argiope ndi kangaude kakang'ono kakang'ono. Kutalika kwa akazi kumafikira 1.5 cm, amuna ndi ofupika kwambiri - mpaka 0.5 cm. Mu akulu, kutchulidwa kwa dimorphism kumawonedwa. Mtundu wowala ndi mawonekedwe achikazi. Amakhala ndi mimba yozungulira. Kumbuyo kwa akazi, pateni yoyang'ana mikwingwirima yakuda pamiyala yachikaso yowala. Izi zimawapatsa kufanana kwina ndi mavu, ndicho chifukwa cha dzina lachiwiri. Cephalothorax ndi silvery, miyendo yopyapyala komanso yayitali ya mtundu wowala wokhala ndi mphete zakuda zambiri. Amuna amakhala ocheperako katatu kuposa zazimayi, osawoneka bwino komanso osaphatikizika: pamimba ndi yopapatiza, yamtundu wamtundu wa beige wokhala ndi mitundu iwiri yakuda. Miyendo ndiyitali komanso yopyapyala ndi mphete zakuda bii. Pa lachiwiri la miyendo (pedipalps) mababu (ziwalo zoberekera za amuna) zimawoneka bwino.

Mu chithunzi pansipa - chachikazi ndi chachimuna.

Habitat

Mitundu ya argiope Brunnich (zojambulajambula) ndiofala ku Central ndi Southern Europe, North Africa, Kazakhstan, Asia Minor, India, Japan, Korea ndi China, ndi ku Caucasus. Malire akumpoto kwa malo okhala ku Russia, malinga ndi deta kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka 70s zam'mbuyomu, adafika pa 52-53º s. w. Kuyambira 2003, zambiri zidayamba kubwera kuti argiopuyo idapezeka kumpoto kwa mzerewu.

Ku Russia, kangaude wamtunduwu amatha kupezeka m'malo a Oryol, Bryansk, Lipetsk, Belgorod, Penza, Voronezh, Ulyanovsk, Tambov, Saratov, Ryazan, Tula, Moscow ndi Chelyabinsk. Mu 2015, argiope adapezeka ku Rdeisky Reserve (Novgorod Region). Kubwezeretsanso kwachangu kumalimbikitsidwa ndi njira yosazolowereka yachinyamata - pansi.

Pali chochititsa chidwi cha argiope wa Brunnich kuti azomera zachilengedwe. Akangaude amakonda mpweya wouma ndipo samatha kulekerera chinyezi chachikulu. Amakhazikika, monga lamulo, paminda ya udzu ndi zitsamba zopezeka meadows, misewu, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango komanso madera ena otentha.

Kodi argiope amadya chiyani?

Maziko a zakudya za kangaude Brunnich amapangidwa ndi oimira orthoptera. Awa makamaka makola, ziwala ndi dzombe. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchentche, zanyanyala, udzudzu umagwera ukonde. Agriopes ali ndi njira yodyera arachnids onse. Wovutikayo akangolowa mu netiweki, kangaudeyu amathamangira kwa iyo, ndikuluma ndikuvulaza poizoni. Pambuyo pa izi, kupanga kumakulungidwa ndi ma cobwebs. Mothandizidwa ndi ma enzyme, tizilombo tomwe tikugwidwa timayamba kugwira ntchito. Kangaudeyu amangoyamwa madzi a nkhosayo, ndipo amangosiyira chipolopolo chokhacho.

Kusindikizidwa kwa Argiope

Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba kumene mkazi atayamba kusungunuka, yomwe isanachitike kutha. Pakadali pano, chelicea wake amakhalabe wofewa. Aliyense amadziwa tsogolo lomvetsa chisoni la kangaude wamphongo (mkazi wamasiye wakuda). Amangodyedwa ndi mkazi akangokwatirana, mwakutero akuwonjezera mwayi wopulumuka wa ana ake. Pankhani ya agriope, tikuwonanso zomwezi.

Mu Julayi, m'mphepete mwa webusayiti, monga lamulo, munthu amatha kuzindikira wamwamuna akudikirira molt womaliza wamkazi. Monga tanenera pamwambapa, nthambi yake imodzi imasinthidwa kukhala mababu. Mukukonzekera umuna, imodzi mwa izo imagwa.Mwamuna akamabisalira wamkazi, ndiye kuti angathe kukwatiwa ndi mkazi wina.

Argiope Brunnich amayikira mazira pachikuto chachikulu (chojambulidwa pamwambapa), chokumbutsa kapangidwe ka bokosi la mbewu. Ili pafupi ndi intaneti. Kangaudeyu ndi wachonde, kuchuluka kwa mazira omwe amafayidwa nthawi imodzi kumafika mazana angapo. M'dzinja loyambirira, akangaude achinyamata amapezeka. Amasiya coco lawo m'njira yachilendo. Achichepere amakwera kumalo okwera, kenako amasula chingwe chachitali ndipo amatengeka ndi mphepo. Chifukwa chake, mitunduyi imakhazikika malinga ndi chilengedwe cha biotopes. Nthawi yonse ya kangaude wamtunduwu ndi chaka chimodzi.

Pa chithunzi chotsatira mutha kuwona akangaude omwe atuluka kumene kuchokera ku coco.

Kangaude wa Argiope Brunnich: wowopsa kapena ayi?

Malinga ndi ofufuza, kangaudeyu ndi wodekha za kukhalapo kwa munthu ndipo samamuopa. Chifukwa chake, kulumikizana naye kwathupi ndizotheka, makamaka ngati mumukwiyitsa. Kulumikizidwa kwa poizoni ndi kangaude kulibe kanthu, sikungathe kuvulaza thupi. Komabe, kuluma kumatha kuyambitsa redness komanso kuyabwa, makamaka mwa anthu omwe amakonda chifuwa.

Chifukwa cha mtundu wochititsa chidwiwo, kangaude wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa ngati nyama yowotcha. Ali ku ukapolo, woimira mitunduyo amasangalala kwambiri. Kuti ikukonze, mutha kusintha momwe mumakhalira m'madzimo momwe mbali imodzi izakutidwa ndi gridi yokhala ndi maselo ang'ono. Kusunga kangaude ndikwabwino ndekha. Tikakhala limodzi, anthu payekhapayekha amatha kupikisana komanso kuchita zinthu mwankhanza, chifukwa chake, mmodzi waiwo akhoza kufa.

Kodi ma argiopes amaluma?

Pali gulu laanthu lomwe likuyenera kuyika manja awo kwinakwake: mu anthill, mng'oma wa njuchi kapena chisa cha nyanga. Ngwazi zofunikazi sizifunsa mafunso ngati nthumwi zina zikuluma, zimatha kumva chilichonse pakhungu lawo.

Kwa ena onse, tikukudziwitsani kuti ngati muika dzanja lanu mu intaneti, mwadala kapena mwangozi, kangaudeyu adzayankha nthawi yomweyo ndikuluma. Kulumidwa kwa argiope kumakhala kowawa kwambiri ndikuyerekeza njuchi kapena lipenga. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kangaudeyu amakhala ndi nsagwada zolimba, ndipo amatha kuzikika mwamphamvu pansi pa khungu. Kuphatikiza apo, musaiwale za poizoni wake.

Anthu ambiri amafunsa ngati arunopu wa Brunnich ndiwonyansa kapena ayi. Zachidziwikire poizoni, chifukwa ndi poizoni wake amapha omwe akuvutika. Chinanso ndi chakuti nthawi zambiri kwa anthu poizoniyu siowopsa.

Zotsatira za kangaude wosasamala pazomwe zimachitika zingakhale zosiyana. Achikulire ambiri amakhala ndi khungu lotupa pang'ono kuzungulira malo owuma, lomwe limasowa patatha ola limodzi kapena awiri ndipo silikumayamwa. Nthawi zina, redness ndi kutupa zimatha kumatha patangotha ​​tsiku limodzi, ndipo tsamba lolumiralo ndilabwino kwambiri.

China chake ndi chakuti kangaude waluma mwana kapena munthu yemwe wayamba kudana ndi ululu wa kangaude kapena kuluma. Pankhaniyi, pamatha kukhala zizindikiro zowopsa:

• kufinya kwakakuluma,
• kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa thupi mpaka madigiri 40-41,
• nseru,
• chizungulire.

Pankhaniyi, mwachidziwikire, muyenera kusokoneza mayendedwe ake nthawi yomweyo ndikulumikizana ndi chipatala chapafupi kapena cholowa mwadzidzidzi, komwe munthu adzapatsidwe chithandizo chamankhwala chodzidzimutsa.

Yang'anani! Kuyankha kwa thupi kuluma kungakhale kosayembekezereka. Musakhale osasamala pokhudzana ndi thanzi lanu.

Kuyambitsa vidiyo ya momwe kangaude wa argi amamwa Pakati pa tsamba, kukhazikika kumawoneka bwino:

Kuopsa kwa Brynnichi argiope

Poizoni wa kangaude Argiope Brunnich siowopsa kwa anthu, kuluma kumakhala kupweteka pang'ono komanso kufiira. Zochizira, compress yozizira imayikidwa pa tsamba la kuluma. Mwa anthu ena, zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto pakapangidwe kanyumba ya kangaude, chifukwa, muyenera kufunsa dokotala mwachangu kuti muthandizidwe kuchipatala.

Source:

B.N. Orlov - Nyama zapoizoni ndi zomera ku USSR, 1990.

Chikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe cha agriope

Oimira mitundu argiope bruennichi Nthawi zambiri amasonkhana m'magulu ochepa (osaposa anthu 20), amakhala ndi moyo wokhazikika pamtunda. Ukonde umakhazikika pakati pa timitengo tambiri kapena masamba a udzu.

Pa chithunzichi, kangaude argiopu blennichi

Argiope — kangaude kuzungulira Ma network ake amawasiyanitsa ndi mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri, ngakhale mawonekedwe ndi maselo ang'ono. Ikasunga msampha, kangaudeyo imakhazikika m'munsi mwake ndipo imadikirira moleza mtima mpaka igwirira ntchitoyo.

Kangaudeyu akazindikira zoopsa, nthawi yomweyo amasiya msanjayo ndikupita pansi. Pali argiope yomwe ili m'munsi mozungulira, mwina kubisala cephalothorax. Komabe, nthawi zina, kangaude angayesetse kuthana ndi ngoziyo poyambira kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Zingwe zolimba zokhazikika zimawalitsa kuwala komwe kumalumikizana ndi malo owala, osamveka kwa mdani wachilengedwe.

Argiope ndi wodekha, ataona kangaudeyu kuthengo, mutha kuyiona patali ndikujambulani chithunzi, samuopa munthu. Pakati pausiku ndi madzulo, komanso usiku, kukazizira kunja, kangaudeyo amayamba kuvulaza komanso kusagwira ntchito.

Zakudya za Agriope

Nthawi zambiri, ziwala, ntchentche, udzudzu zimavutika ndi masipanga omwe amakhala kutali ndi pansi. Komabe, ziribe kanthu kuti kachilombo komwe kakugwera mumsampha, kangaudeyu amasangalala nako. Mlendo akangomenya ulusi wa silika ndikuwatsatira. argiope amamuyandikira ndikuwulutsa poyizoni. Pambuyo pa mphamvuyo, kachiromboka kakuleka kukana, kangaudeyo amakufewetsa ndi kachulukidwe kankhuni kenaka ndikudya nthawi yomweyo.

Kangaude argiope lobata kuchita nawo misampha nthawi zambiri madzulo. Ntchito yonse imamutengera ola limodzi. Zotsatira zake ndi tsamba lalikulupo lalikulu, mkati mwake momwe mumakhala kukhazikika (dongosolo la zigzag, lomwe limakhala ndi ulusi wowoneka bwino).

Ichi ndichizindikiro cha pafupifupi mayendedwe onse, koma dambo likuwonekeranso pano - maukonde ake amakongoletsedwa chifukwa chokhazikika. Amayamba pakati pa msampha ndikuyenda m'mphepete mwake.

Mukamaliza kugwira ntchito, kangaudeyo imakhala pakatikati, ndikukonzekeretsa miyendo m'njira yake - miyendo iwiri yakumanzere ndi iwiri yakutsogolo, komanso miyendo iwiri yakumanzere ndi iwiri yakumanzere kwambiri kuti muthe kutenga kachilombo kuchokera kutali kuti chilembo X chikulendewera. Chakudya cha Brynnichi argiope ndi Orthoptera, koma kangaudeyu samanyalanyaza china chilichonse.

Mu chithunzichi, intaneti ya argiopes yokhazikika

Kukhazikika kwa zigzag kumawonetsa kuwala kounikira, mwakutero kuthyola omwe akuvutitsidwa ndi kangaudeyo. Chakudyacho pawokha chimachitika kale pamtunda, pomwe kangaudeyo amatsikira, ndikusiya ukonde, kuti azikadya pobisalira, popanda owonera osafunikira.

Kuchulukitsa ndikukhala nthawi yayitali ya agriopes

Akangomaliza kusuntha, komwe kumakhala kukonzekera kwa mkwatibwi, izi zimachitika, chifukwa cheliceurs zazikazi zimakhala zofewa kwakanthawi. Wamphongo amadziwa pasadakhale kuti izi zidzachitika liti, chifukwa amatha kudikirira nthawi yayitali, kubisala kwinakwake pamphepete la tsamba lalikulu la mkazi.

Atagonana, wamkazi nthawi yomweyo amadya mnzake. Nthawi zina zamphongo zimathawa kuthana ndi intaneti, pomwe akazi amaluka, ndikamauluka, kuwombera kotsatira kumakhala koopsa kwa yemwe anali ndi mwayi.

Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa amuna a miyendo iwiri yokha, kusewera ziwalo. Pambuyo pa kukhwima, chimodzi mwendozi zimasowa, komabe, kangaude atha kuthawa, imodzi inatsalira.

Asanagone, mayi woyembekezera amayika chokochika chachikulu cha koko ndikuyiyika pafupi ndi ukonde wosaka. Ndi komwe kuti pambuyo pake amaikira mazira onse, ndipo chiwerengero chawo chimatha kufikira mazana angapo. Nthawi zonse kukhala pafupi, wamkazi amasamala coco.

Koma, momwe nyengo yozizira imayendera, mkazi akamwalira, coco imakhala yosasinthika nthawi yonse yozizira ndipo ndi kangaude pomwe akangaude amapita kunja, kukakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. Monga lamulo, chifukwa cha ichi amayenda mlengalenga mothandizidwa ndi ma cobwebs. Nthawi yonse ya moyo wa bronchi argiope imatha chaka 1.