Barn Owl Ndi ya banja la kadzidzi ndipo imadyanso nyama, ngakhale kukula kwake kuli kochepa kwambiri. Mbalameyi ili ndi mayina ambiri omwe adakwanitsa kuipatsa nthano zosiyanasiyana komanso zojambulajambula, mwachitsanzo: kadzidzi kapena kadzidzi, kadzidzi wausiku, "mbalame yokhala ndi nkhope ya nyani" ndi ena.
Ndipo kwenikweni, ingoyang'anani chojambulidwa nkhokwe kuti timvetsetse kuti kufanana kwanyimbo zitha kupezeka m'chifanizo cha mbalameyi.
Mitundu yosamalira mitundu
Barn Owl sikuti ndi nyama yowopsa, koma kuchepetsa malo ake omwe amakhala ndi chiopsezo ndi chiopsezo. Kummawa kwa Europe, m'zaka makumi angapo zaposachedwa, pazifukwa zosadziwika, pakhala kuwonongeka koopsa kwa kuchuluka kwa kadzidzi. Mitunduyo yatsala pang'ono kutha kumayiko a Baltic ndi Belarus; yakhala ikusowa ku Ukraine ndi Moldova. Tsopano khola wamba Owl walembedwa mu Red Book za mayiko angapo Kum'mawa kwa Europe.
Barn Owl: Kufotokozera
Dzinalo la mbalame iyi, mwachionekere, linachokera ku mawu ake, ofanana ndi mtundu wamtondo kapena wamtondo. Zimasiyana ndi oyimira ena a kadzidzi mu mawonekedwe a diski ya nkhope mawonekedwe a mtima, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti wavala chigoba choyera. Mbalame yaying'ono imakhala ndi mtundu wowala komanso nkhope yachilendo. Kukula kwake kuli kofanana ndi kadzidzi kapena kambuku. Imafikira masentimita 33-39, kulemera kwake kwa thupi ndi 300-355 g, ndipo mapiko ake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 90. Mwa njira, kulemera kwake kumatha kusiyanasiyana kudalira malire ndipo kutengera munthu winawake. Itha kukhala unyinji wa onse 180 g ndi 700 g.
Pamtunda wapamwamba, mtundu wake udapeza mtundu wa mchenga (wofiyira) wokhala ndi madontho oyera ndi amdima. Barn Owl ndi yoyera m'munsi (mochepera chikasu), kuwonjezera pa izi pali zowala zakuda mumapula. Diski yakutsogolo ndi yopepuka komanso yowoneka bwino, adalandiranso malire, pomwe pamakhala gawo laling'ono la nthenga zofiira. Mapikowo ndi oyera pofiyira ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wagolide. Iris ndi yakuda kapena yakuda. Maso ake ali owoneka bwino. Ili ndi chida chocheperako, komanso miyendo yayitali, yokhala ndi ma finya okhathamira komanso zala. Ali ndi mchira waifupi. Bill ndi yoyera. Mwa njira, utoto wam'munsi umatengera gawo la khola. Mwachitsanzo, ku North Africa, Western ndi Southern Europe, ku Middle East, ndi koyera, koma ku Europe konseko ndi lalanje-lalanje.
Kunja, sizimasiyana pakati pa akazi ndi amuna. Akazi amakhala akuda pang'ono, koma osawonekera kwenikweni. Anapiye ang'onoang'ono samasiyananso ndi akuluakulu, nthawi zina amakhala okongola kwambiri.
Monga tazindikira, mbalame yokhala ngati khungubwe ili ndi mawonekedwe osaiwalika, chithunzicho chikuwonetsa bwino izi.
Habitat
Barn Owl ndi ma subspecies 35 omwe amagawidwa kumayiko onse, kupatula Antarctica yokha, amapezekanso kuzilumba. M'mbuyomu, ikhoza kupezeka ku Baltic States ndi mayiko ena a CIS: tsopano imakhala ochepa kumeneko. Gawo la Russia limapezeka kokha ku Kaliningrad dera. Ku mbali ya ku Europe, kulibe madera akumpoto ndi mapiri.
Mbali imodzi, kadzidzi wamba. Kumpoto kwa USA ndi ambiri Canada, kumpoto kwa Europe komanso ku Russia konse, sichoncho. Mbalameyi imatha kukhalanso m'mapululu a ku Africa ndi Asia.
Panali nthawi zina pomwe kadzidzi wa kadzidzi anali kukhazikika mwadala ndi munthu m'madera omwe kunalibe. Chifukwa chake adawonekera ku Seychelles and Hawaiian Islands, ku New Zealand. Pambuyo poti kadzidzi wa khola atakhazikika ku Seychelles, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa ma kestrel, komwe adadyetsa, kudayamba.
Malo omwe mumakonda kukhalamo
Barn Owl nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi nyumba zomwe anthu amakhala. Zomera m'mizinda ikuluikulu komanso kumidzi. Imakonda kukhazikitsidwa m'mafakisoni, m'maenje ndi m'makoma amakhoma. Amayenga madenga a nyumba ndi nyumba zosiyidwa. Nthawi zambiri, khola la Owl limapezeka kumapiri, pomwe mitengo yaying'ono ilipo. Atha kukhala malo monga madambo, madambo, makungwa owala, ndipo mbalame zimakhalanso m'malo opanda anthu, maiwe, madamu, ndi misewu yayikulu.
Nthawi zambiri zimatha kupezeka komwe minda yaulimi ndi malo okhala. Khola la bulu limayesetsa kupewa nkhalango zowirira komanso malo okwera. Kwa mbalameyi, zinthu zotsatirazi kuti zigawike ndizofunikira: kupezeka kwa chakudya, kusowa kwa nyengo yozizira komanso mpikisano wopanda mphamvu ndi ena omwe amadyera. Kwenikweni, sasintha malo okhala, kusiyanitsa ndi zochitika zina pamene chakudya chakupezeka kwawo chatha.
Onani ndi mamuna
Nyumba za Barn Owls nthawi zambiri zimayenda mozungulira nyumba yomwe munthu amakhala, kukhazikika m'zipinda zam'mafamu, nyumba zamapulazi, mabwinja, matchalitchi, komanso mabala. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti pambuyo pake, "barn owl" imamasuliridwa kuti "khola kadzidzi". M'mizinda momwe mumakhala makoswe ndi mbewa zambiri, ma Owls osungirako nthawi zonse amakhala osavuta kupeza chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, kadzidzi wa "m'tauni" amaphunzitsidwa ndi kuwala kwa nyali kuti asaka tizilombo tosaka usiku ndi mileme.
Monga mitundu ina ya kadzidzi, kadzidzi nthawi zonse amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamantha kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakumana pafupi ndi nyumba zawo. Ndipo monga zimphona zina, kadzidzi wa nkhokwe anali chizindikiro cha nzeru. Tsopano zikhulupiriro za kadzidzi, mwamwayi, ndi zinthu zakale, ndipo anthu amachitira mbalamezo mwachisawawa. Ndipo gawo la ma Owls a nkhokwe polimbana ndi makoswe am'midzi ndiwowonekera komanso osatsutsidwa.
Kodi chimadya chiyani?
Zakudya zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi makoswe ngati mbewa, amathanso kupirira pasyuk (khola lalikulu la imvi). Amatha kugwira mbewa 15 usiku uliwonse. Ndi zochepa zomwe zimadya mbalame zazing'ono, makamaka, mpheta, komanso zazikulu komanso zazikulu zouluka. Makoswe, ma voles akumunda, ma hamsters, mashelefu, zotheka zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chakudya. Amathanso kugwira agalu, achule, zokwawa ndi ma invertebrates. Kadzidziyo imagwira nsembeyo pa ntchentche, ndikuimangirira ndi zikhadabo zake khumi ndikuyitenga kupita nayo komwe ikadadyamo modekha.
Zodabwitsa za malo omwe amathandizidwira kumva zimalola kuti mbalameyo igwire mawu onse omwe wolakwiridwa amapanga, omwe amamuthandiza kwambiri posaka. Makutu ake amakhala ndi mawonekedwe asymmetrical: imodzi mwa iyo ili pamlingo wammphuno, ndipo inayo ili pamphumi.
Kugawa ndi malo
Barn Owl ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Imapezeka kumakontinenti onse, kupatula ku Antarctica, komanso kuzilumba zambiri, kuphatikizapo zakutali. Komabe, buluwe simalola nyengo yozizira yakumpoto, choncho sizimapezeka kumadera akumpoto kwa Canada ndi Northern Europe. Barn Owl idayambitsidwa bwino (idapangidwanso) pazilumba zambiri zakutali: Hawaii, Seychelles, ndi New Zealand. Komabe, kuyambitsidwa kwa kadzidzi wa barn ku Seychelles mu 1949 kunawonetsa momwe kulili kwachilengedwe kulibe kanthu komanso momwe kumakhalira kosavuta kukwiya. Chowonadi ndi chakuti bulu wa khola ku Seychelles adayamba kusaka osati makoswe, komanso ku endcy Seychelles kestrel, kuchuluka kwake komwe kudayamba kutsika kwambiri.
Pazigawo zamalo ambiriwo, mitundu yoposa 30 ya nkhokwe Zokha ndiosiyanitsidwa.
M'dziko lathu, khola Owl amangopezeka m'chigawo cha Kaliningrad.
Barn Owl amakhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamapulotifomu, amapewa nkhalango zowirira zokha. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinyama zochepa zomwe zapindula ndi ntchito zachuma cha anthu pakupatula mitengo komanso chitukuko chaulimi, chifukwa izi zidakulitsa chakudya ndikupangitsa kuti zifalikire kwambiri. Barn Owl ndi wokonzeka kukhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba yomwe munthu amakhala.
Maonekedwe ndi morphology
Barn Owl ndi kadzidzi wowonda wokhala ndi miyendo yayitali. Ndili mtundu wa buluu wa mtundu uwu womwe "watalika" pamwamba womwe umasiyana ndi kadzidzi ena onse. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 33-39 masentimita, mapiko mpaka 80-95 masentimita, kulemera kwakukulu 300-400 g. Mapaamu ndi ofewa kwambiri. Thupi lakumwambalo limakhala ndi timitengo taimvi tosiyanasiyana ndi mikwingwirima yaying'ono yakuda. Pansi ndi kachidutswa kamdima kakang'ono. Diski yakutsogolo ndi yoyera komanso yokhala ndi mtima, yomwe imasiyananso nthawi yomweyo botolo ndi kadzidzi wina.
Amuna ndi akazi pafupifupi samasiyana mitundu iliyonse.
Mawu a Tab Owl
Amayankhula phwete. Mabati akuwombera mapiko awo ndikupukusa milomo yawo. Mwa njira, mawonekedwe awowa akhoza kuwopseza anthu omwe adasankha kupumula m'nkhalangomo atakumana naye. Nyimbo zambiri zopangidwa ndi kadzidziyu zajambulidwa, koma zikuluzikulu za izo ndi kaphiri kakang'ono kwambiri, kamatha kumveka pakatha kuuluka. Khola la kadzidzi ndi laling'ono.
Panjira, mbalameyo idatipatsa dzina lachi Russia chifukwa cha kulira kotsika, kaphokoso, kooneka ngati "heee". Amasindikiza nthawi zambiri kuposa wamba owl. Mawu ake odabwitsawa amafanana ndi kutsokomola.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso chodyetsa
Maziko a zakudya za kadzidzi ndi nkhokwe ndimakolo ndi mbewa. Komabe, zimagwira mbalame, kuphatikizapo carnivores, mileme, achule, ndi tizilombo. Popita kusaka, kadzidzi amauluka mozungulira pazinthu zake, akusintha malo okwera - chokwera ndi chatsika, kapena kudikira wovutayo. Kuuluka kwa khungubwe ndi kofewa komanso kopanda phokoso, chifukwa mapikowo anakonzedwa kotero kuti malekezero a nthenga amachepetsa kulira.
Zikhozikulu zosakira zimapha nyama ndi zibwano zawo, kenako, ndikuligwira ndi miyendo yayitali, zimang'amba ndi milomo yawo. Makosi awo ndiwofulumira kwambiri kotero kuti amatha kudya osadumphira nyama. Panthawi ya chakudyacho, nthenga za nkhope ya kadzidzi zimasunthika nthawi zonse mukatsegula ndikatseka pakamwa, motero zikuwoneka kuti kadzidzi wa khungwi amasilira nthawi yonse ya chakudya.
Usiku
Amatuluka kukasaka usiku, ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wachisangalalo. Monga lamulo, amakhala okha, koma amapezeka m'magulu ang'onoang'ono m'malo opezekera pamasewera. Popeza buluzi wa kolera amakhala moyo wokangalika usiku, masana akagona. Kwa maloto amasankha niche inayake, yachilengedwe kapena yokumba - ikhoza kukhala dzenje pansi kapena chapamwamba chosagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pakusaka, amasintha makwerero - mwina amawuka, kenako kutsika, ndikuwuluka mozungulira nyumbayo. Amathanso kuyembekezera kuti akuvutitsidwa, wobisalira. Mapiko awo amapangidwa mwanjira yoti kuuluka kwawo kumangokhala chete komanso zofewa momwe mungathere, ndipo pambali pake, ali ndi masomphenya komanso kumva kwambiri. Mwa njira, kumadera ena kadzidzi a khungwi amasakanso masana, mwachitsanzo, ku Britain, koma panthawi ino ya tsiku pali ngozi kwa iwo momwe mbalame zimadyera, monga, mwachitsanzo, ma gull.
Khola liziwombera ndi ziboda zake, kenako ndikulikoka ndi mwendo wautali ndikulikhomera ndi mlomo. Ili ndi khosi loyenda bwino kwambiri, chifukwa limatha kudya nyama yoti ilume, pafupifupi popanda kugwada. Pakudya, nthenga za nkhope ya disc zimayenda, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti kadzidzi amapanga nkhope.
Vocalization
Mawu a kadzidzi - kandulo wapadera wa "heee" - anali ngati mawonekedwe a dzina lachi Russia la mbalameyo. Mwambiri, zolembera "zolankhula" kwambiri nthawi ya chisa. Pakadali pano, amalira mokweza kapena amakuwa. Kunja kwa nyengo yakuswana, nkhumba Zokha nthawi zambiri zimakhala chete. Kuphatikiza pa mawu a mawu, nthawi zina amaimitsa milomo kapena kutsegulira mapiko awo monyinyirika.
Makhalidwe ndi mayanjidwe
Barn Owls amakhala ndi moyo pawekha, koma m'malo olemera, amatha kukhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwadzidzi "usiku". Barn owls amagona masana, ndipo usiku amasankha niche yachilengedwe kapena yochita kupanga: bowo, dzenje kapena chapamwamba chapamwamba m'nyumba. Monga lamulo, amakhala pokhazikika, koma popanda kulanda ("zaka zopanda mbewa") amatha kusamukira kumalo atsopano.
Atakumana ndi wolakwira malo ake, khungubwi limatambasulira mapiko ake ndikuwapukusira, moyandikira mdaniyo. Pakadali pano, kadzidzi amalira mokweza ndikudina mulomo wake. Malo owopseza, monga a kadzidzi ena, sapezeka mu kadzidzi. M'malo mwake, amatambasula mapiko ake mu ndege yoyang'ana pansi ndikugona, ndikugwada pansi ndi nthenga zokhazikika. Ngati chiwonetsero chotere sichikuthandizira, khola Owl akhoza kuukira wotsutsayo, kugwa kumbuyo kwake ndikumenya ndi miyendo yoluka.
Munthu akafika, buluzi nthawi zambiri umakwezeka m'miyendo yawo yayitali ndikugwedezeka pang'ono, kwinaku akuyendetsa nthenga za nkhopeyo, "kupanga nkhope", kenako ndikuuluka.
Kuwona kwa buluzi kukhazikika bwino, ndikuwoneka bwino m'dima komanso kowala.
Kumva, monga kadzidzi ena onse, kumapangidwanso bwino. Makutu amapezeka asymmetrically m'mbali mwa mutu, kumanzere kuli kumtunda, kumanja kuli m'munsi. Njira iyi yothandizira makutu amathandizira mbalame kumva phokoso lopangidwa ndi omwe atha kukhala ozunzidwa osiyanasiyana. Nthenga zazifupi zakuthwa zomwe zimayala kutsogolo disc ndi ziwonetsero zabwino za mawu. Nguluwe za m'madzi zimatha kutengeka ndi mawu onse omveka, ndipo mkokomo kwambiri umaphimba mabowo amtunduwu ndi mapulagi okhala ndi nthenga zazing'ono.
Kuswana
Bati ya Owl nthawi zambiri imakhala yodandaula, koma milandu ya mitala sikutha. Mu chaka chimodzi, m'modzi, kumakhala kubweretsa kawiri kawiri. Kuyambika kwa nyengo ya kuswana kumadalira, monga lamulo, pazikhalidwe zakhazikika ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya. M'madera otentha komanso komwe kuli zakudya zambiri, amatha kubereka nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo otentha a ku Europe kapena North America, izi zimayamba mu Marichi-Juni. Ngati kukonzanso kumachitika, ndiye kuti kuchotsedwa kwa anapiye kudzachitika nthawi ya March-Meyi ndi June-August.
Wamphongo mwiniyo asankha malo omwe padzakhale, kenako ndikuyamba kuyitana chachikazi. Mwakutero, chisa sichimanga, chifukwa ichi, malo osungidwa ndi amdima amasankhidwa. Itha kukhala poyambira mu chitsa chakale, dzenje la mtengo ndi ena mphuno. Yaikazi imachita kuswa mazira, ndipo nthawi iyi yamphongo imabweretsa chakudya. Chisa chokhala pamtunda chimakhala kutalika kwa 220 metres pamwamba pa nthaka, kukula kwake kumapangidwa nthawi zambiri kumakhala mazira 4-7, koma amatha kuyambira 2 mpaka 14. Iwo ndiakulu, monga lamulo, munthawi yodziwika ndi chakudya chochuluka. Kukula kwa mazira omwe ndi oyera kapena kirimu wina ndi pafupifupi 30-35 mm.
Nthawi yakuswana, mbalame zimapanga mawu osiyanasiyana. Amachita ubweya wambiri, wamtopola komanso wosasunthika, ndikupanga mawu akuti "heee". Nthawi yotsala, monga lamulo, kadzidzi amakhala chete. Pafupifupi mwezi wathunthu, njirayi imakhazikitsa mazira. Ana aang'ono amatuluka mchisa pa tsiku la 50-55 la moyo.
Mwa njira, awiri owol amakhalabe ali limodzi mpaka imfa ya m'modzi wa omwe ali nawo. Wamkazi ndi wamwamuna amakhala pafupi wina ndi mnzake, koma m'modzi m'modzi.
Khazikikani pangozi
Pamalo abata, kadzidzi wokhala m'khola amasungitsa thupi lake mowongoka, ndipo mbalameyo ikakhala ndi nkhawa, imatenga malo oopseza - imafalitsa miyendo, imatambasulira mapiko ake mundege yopingasa ndikugwira pansi. Akakumana ndi wakuphwanya chuma chake cham'munda, amaweta mapiko ake mwachangu, ndikuyandikira pafupi ndi mdani. Hisses mokweza ndikudina mulomo wake. Ngati izi sizikuthandizira, ndiye kuti zimukira mdani, kugwa kumbuyo kwake ndikumenya ndi miyendo yoluka.
Utali wamoyo
Malinga ndi gulu lankhandwe, gulu la Owls limatha kukhala ndi moyo kwa zaka 18, koma kutalika kwa moyo wawo ndizochepa - pafupifupi zaka 2. Komabe, palinso zotsatira za "ngwazi": ku North America khumbi ladzidzi limakhala ku ukapolo kwa zaka 11 miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ku Holland kadzidzi kadzidzi adakhala zaka 17 zakubadwa ndipo wolemba rekodi ndi bulu wa ku England, yemwe adakhala zaka 22 kundende.
M'malo athu osungira nyama, nkhokwe za nkhokwe zimakhazikika mu Night World pavilion, zomwe, ndizabwino, zamtunduwu. Tsopano ili ndi mbalame 5.Pakufotokozerani nthawi zonse mumatha kuwona awiri awiri, ena onse 'akupumira' mchipinda chomwe sichimatulutsa, kamodzi pachaka amasintha mbalame. Makola ambiri Owls amachokera ku chilengedwe. Jozi imodzi ya ng'ombe Zoweta nthawi zonse, zinali ndi ana anayi. Amadzilimbitsa ndikudyetsa anapiyewo.
Zakudya za khumbi la owl mu zoo zimakhala ndi mbewa 6 tsiku lililonse.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Sizowopsa kuti mbalameyi imadzitcha dzina losadziwika bwino. Zonsezi zimangotanthauza za mawu ake, ngati zam'mimba kapena zongomenya. Bulundi la bulu limasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu ina ya kadzidzi ndi mtundu wosiyana ndi mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati mtima. Zimamveka kuti akum'konza. Ngati chithunzi barn owl mu chithunzi, ndiye kuti mungazindikire zenizeni pamaziko awa.
Mbalame zamtunduwu sizili zazikulu, zimakhala ndi nkhope yapadera komanso mtundu wowala. Kutalika kwa wamkulu kumakhala pakati pa 33 - 39 cm, kulemera kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi 300-355 g. Mapikowo amafika masentimita 90. Mbali yam'mwambayi imasiyanitsidwa ndi hue wamtambo, pomwe maonekedwe oyera ndi amdima amawoneka. Hafu ya m'munsiyi ndiyopepuka, komanso maula ambiri okhala ndi mawanga amdima.
Mbali yakutsogolo ndi yosalala, yopepuka ndi malire. Mapikowo ndi oyera, okhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wagolide. Barn Owl imatha kudziwika ndi maso ake akuluakulu owoneka bwino, olimbitsa thupi, miyendo yayitali yokhala ndi nthenga zazikulu komanso zowoneka bwino zala. Mchira suchedwa, mlomo wake ndi wachikasu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Utoto wa theka la thupi la mbalame umatengera komwe umakhala. Mwachitsanzo, kumpoto kwa Africa, Western ndi Southern Europe, Middle East kumakhala anthu oyimilira mitundu yomwe gawo ili la thupi limayera. Mu Europe monse, kadzidzi zotere zimakhala ndi theka la thupi la lalanje.
Akazi ndi amuna ndi ofanana kwambiri. Ngati mutayang'anitsitsa, mutha kungowonetsa kuti zazikazi zimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda pang'ono, koma izi sizowopsa. Barn Owl amamuwona ngati mbalame yokhayokha. Ngati akuwuluka m'gawo lake, azindikira wachibale, ndiye kuti amuukira.
Masana imabisala pamalo otetezeka, usiku mbalame imapita kukasaka. Imawuluka mwakachetechete, motero imatchedwa "kadzidzi wa mzukwa" pakati pa anthu. Amathandizidwa kwambiri ndi maaso akuthwa ndi kumva. Kukhazikika ndi njira ya moyo yomwe imakhala yachilendo kwa iyo, koma nthawi zina imatha kupita kumalo atsopano chifukwa chosowa chakudya.
Banja la kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi lili ndi mitundu 11 yopatsidwa mitundu iwiri. Pali zingapo zingapo zotchuka:
1. Barn owl Imapezeka ku America, Asia (kupatula Siberia, Middle ndi Central), Africa, Madagas, ndi mayiko ambiri aku Europe. Mbalame yaing'ono (33-39 cm kutalika) zisa m'maenje, nthawi zambiri muzinyumba. Amadyetsa pang'onopang'ono, makoko ang'onoang'ono,
2. Madagascar Red Barn Owl ikhoza kupezeka m'nkhalango za kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Madagascar. Imasiyana masentimita ang'onoang'ono (thupi limakhala lalitali pafupifupi 27,5 cm) ndipo limangokhala usiku. Mtunduwu ukhoza kuzindikiridwa ndi kulira kwa mitunduyo, komwe imawonetsedwa ndi nyimbo yayikulu (pafupifupi masekondi 1.5), yomwe imamaliza ndi mawu amphamvu okwera. Pofuna kusaka, amasankha m'mbali mwa nkhalango, m'minda ya mpunga,
3. Maski khola Owl amakhala kum'mwera kwa New Guinean ndi Australia malo otseguka. Pofuna kukhazikika, amasankha nkhalango ndi malo achitetezo okhala ndi mitengo ingapo. Kwa nesting imakonda mabrown ndi niches zachilengedwe. Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu kumatha kukhala pakati pa masentimita 38-57. Mbalame zomwe zimamangidwa kumalo amodzi zimawonetsedwa kuchokera pogona usiku wokha, zimapita kukadya - nyama zazing'ono, mbalame za pafamu.
4. Zitsamba za zitsamba - Wokhala kumapiri okhala ndi udzu waukulu kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa India, kumapeto kwa mapiri a Himalayas, kumwera ndi kum'mawa kwa China, Taiwan. Mbalame zamtundu wamtunduwu wa chilumba cha Southeast Asia, gulu la zilumba za Philippines.
5. Bukholo wakuda - Mtundu wopezeka ku Australia. Mbalame yaying'ono (kutalika pafupifupi 37-51 cm) imakhala m'malo otentha kwambiri. Wokonda ma tchire a eulipt okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, amasankha mitengo yakale yokhala ndi mitengo ikuluikulu. Pofuna kusaka, mbalameyi imatha kupita ku nkhalango zowuma, koma imadikirira kuti ichotse usana m'malo otentha kwambiri. Ziwawa komanso zam'malo otentha. Samasiyananso whimsicalness posankha chakudya: samatha kudya nyama zochepa komanso mbalame, komanso samanyoza tizilombo, tating'onoting'ono tating'ono.
6. Kadzidzi kakang'ono wakuda - mtundu wopatula womwe unakhazikika m'malo otentha a gombe la Australia. Dzinali limadzilankhulira lokha - kukula kwa munthu wamkulu sikupita masentimita 38. Nesting imachitika m'maenje, ndipo zokonda zimaperekedwa ku mabowo akuluakulu.
Nthawi zina zimakhala mu mawonekedwe achilengedwe pakati pamizu yamitengo ndi munthawi yachilengedwe. Nthawi yakudyaku, onse oimira awiriwa amakhala pafupi wina ndi mnzake, koma osakhalako nthawi amakhala okha ndipo amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana masana. Pambuyo pakuyika mazira mu chikazi, zimatenga masiku osachepera 42 kuti zigwire. Wamphongo nthawi imeneyi amapeza chakudya ndikumubweretsera zakudya zoposa kamodzi pa usiku.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kadzidzi ndi chakuti mbalame zamtunduwu pakasaka zimatha kuwuluka mosavuta m'malo otentha kwambiri ngakhale usiku. Palibe vuto kwa iwo kuti adziwe komwe angakumane ndi mnzakeyo, kenako nkumuwopseza mwadzidzidzi. Kuphatikiza pa makoswe osiyanasiyana, abuluzi, achule, amathanso kusangalala ndi nyama zina zazing'ono. Amatha kuthana ndi anyani am'madzi, mbalame ,amu.
7. Grey nkhokwe kadzidzi - Wokhala zigawo za Southeast Asia. Ili nalo dzina lake chifukwa cha mtundu wamtundu wamtambo. Kukula kwakang'ono, masentimita 23 mpaka 33. Mbalameyi imangokhala osati nkhalango zokha, komanso malo otambalala.
Potenga malo ochezera, imakonda mabowo a mitengo. Imadyanso nyama zing'onozing'ono, mbalame, nyama zamtchire, ndipo sichimadana ndi tizilombo. Zovala zazimuna ndizofanana ndi zowona zowona, koma zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake osiyana.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Barn owl adayamba kufotokozedwa koyamba mu 1769 ndi dotolo waku Tyrolean komanso katswiri wazachilengedwe D. Scopoli. Adapatsa mbalameyo dzina lake Strix alba. Monga mitundu yowonjezereka ya kadzidzi ikufotokozedwera, dzina loti Strix lidangogwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira nkhuni zamtundu wa anthu wamba am'banja - Strigidae, ndipo khumbi ladzidzi linayamba kudziwika kuti Tyto alba. Dzinalo limatanthawuza "kadzidzi yoyera", lotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Greek yakale. Mbalameyi imadziwika ndi mayina ambiri omwe amagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe ake, mawu ake, malo okhalamo kapena kaphokoso komanso kuwuluka kopanda phokoso.
Kanema: Barn Owl
Kutengera nkhokwe ya DNA yochokera ku grey waku Amerika (g furcata) ndi Curacao khola owl (T. bargei) adadziwika kuti ndi mitundu yosiyana. Adatinso kuti a. A. delicatula akuti mtundu wosiyana, womwe umadziwika kuti khumbi la kum'mawa. Komabe, International Ornithological Committee imakayikira izi ndipo imati kupatukana kwa Tyto delicatula ku T. alba "kungafunike kuwunikiridwa."
Zina mwa zisumbu zina za asayansi nthawi zina zimawonedwa monga mitundu yosiyana, koma izi ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndikuwona kwina. Kusanthula kwa DNA ya mitochondrial kumawonetsa kulekanitsa mitundu iwiri, alba ya Old World ndi furcata ya New World, koma kafukufukuyu sanaphatikizidwe ndi T. a. delicatula, yomwe imatanthauzidwanso ngati mitundu yosiyana. Chiwerengero chambiri chamtundu wamtundu wapezeka pakati pa Indonesia ndi stertens a Indonesi ndi mamembala ena a alba.
Mazamba a Barn ali ponseponse kuposa mitundu ina iliyonse ya kadzidzi. Magulu ambiri amafunsidwa kwa zaka zambiri, koma ena amadziwika kuti ndi ogwirizana pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana. Mitundu ya pachilumbachi imakhala yaying'ono, kusiyana ndi kumtunda, komanso mitundu yamitengo, maumunthuwo ndi akuda kwambiri, mapiko ndi ofupikirapo kuposa omwe amapezeka m'mabusa otseguka.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Kodi nkhokwe ya Owl imawoneka bwanji?
Barn Owl ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono, kadzidzi kopepuka ndi mapiko ataliitali ndi mchira wamfupi wokulirapo. Mapulogalamuwa ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kutalika kwa thupi ndi mtundu wonse kuyambira 29 mpaka 44 cm pamitundu yonse. Mapiko oterewa amachokera ku masentimita 68 mpaka 105. Kulemera kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumakhalanso kosiyanasiyana kuyambira 224 mpaka 710 g.
Chosangalatsa: Monga lamulo, buluu wowuma yemwe amakhala pazilumba zazing'ono ndiocheperako komanso wopepuka, mwina chifukwa amadalira kwambiri tizilombo tambiri ndipo amayenera kutseguka mosavuta. Komabe, mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa owl wochokera ku Cuba ndi Jamaica ndi woimira chilumba.
Kapangidwe ka mchira wake ndi mwayi wosiyanitsa kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi wamba m'mlengalenga. Zina zodziwika ndizomwe zimawoneka ngati mafunde omwe amayenda ndikuthamanga miyendo ndi nthenga. Nkhope yotuwa yokhala ndi nkhope yakuda ndi maso akuda osagawanika imapatsa mbalame yowuluka maonekedwe ake, ngati chigoba chathyathyathya chokhala ndi maso akulu akuda oyaka maso. Mutuwu ndi wokulirapo komanso wozungulira, wopanda zopindika khutu.
Nguluwe zam'madzi zimakhala ndi mapiko ozungulira ndi mchira waifupi, wokutidwa ndi nthenga zoyera kapena zofiirira. Kumbuyo ndi mutu wa mbalameyo ndi kofiirira komanso kosinthika mitundu yakuda ndi yoyera. Pansi pake pali zoyera. Maonekedwe a kadzidzi awa ndi achilendo kwambiri. Ornithologists ali ndi mitundu 16, ndipo mtundu wa Tyto alba uli ndi mitundu 35, yomwe imasiyanitsidwa chifukwa cha kusiyana kukula ndi mtundu. Pafupifupi, mwa anthu amodzi, amuna amakhala ndi malo ochepa ochulukirapo, ndipo ndiopatsika kuposa akazi. Anapiyewo amaphimbidwa ndi burashi yoyera, koma mawonekedwe a nkhope yawo amawonekera patangopita nthawi pang'ono.
Kodi khwangwala amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Owl Barn Owl
Matire a Barn Owls ndi mbalame zotchuka kwambiri pamtunda zomwe zakhazikika pamakondomu onse kupatula Antarctica. Madera ake amaphatikizapo onse a ku Europe (kupatula Fennoscandia ndi Malta), kuchokera kumwera kwa Spain kupita kumwera kwa Sweden komanso kum'mawa kwa Russia. Kuphatikiza apo, mndandandawo umakhudza ambiri ku Africa, Indian subcontinent, zilumba zina za Pacific, komwe adayambitsa kulimbana ndi makoswe, komanso America, Asia, Australia. Mbalame zimakhala moyo wokhalamo ndipo anthu ambiri, atakhazikika pamalo ena, amakhalabe kumeneko, ngakhale malo oyandikana nawo atachoka.
Barn Owl (T. alba) - ali ndi mitundu yambiri. Amakhala ku Europe, komanso ku Africa, Asia, New Guinea, Australia ndi America, kupatula zigawo zakumpoto za Alaska ndi Canada.
- phulusa la nkhope ya phulusa - mliri wa Haiti,
- Barn Owl (T. capensis) - yomwe ili ku Central ndi South Africa,
- mitundu ya Madagascar ili ku Madagascar,
- mitundu yakuda ya bulauni (T. nigrobrunnea) ndi Australia (T. novaehollandiae) imayala New Guinea ndi gawo la Australia,
- T. multipunctata - mliri waku Australia,
- Golden Barn Owl (T. aurantia) - endoma za. New Britain
- T. manusi - pafupifupi. Manasi
- T. nigrobrunnea - pafupifupi. Sula
- T. sororcula - pafupifupi. Tanimbar
- Sulawesi (T. rosenbergii) ndi Minahasa (T. inexpectata) amakhala ku Sulawesi.
Barn Owls amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana kuchokera kumidzi kupita kumatauni. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo otsika m'malo opezekapo ngati mitengo, zipululu, madambo komanso minda. Amafuna malo okhala malo okhala, monga mitengo yopanda phokoso, mabowo m'matanthwe ndi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'mapanga, m'mipingo ya tchalitchi, m'makola, ndi zina. Kupezeka kwa malo okhala malo abwino kumachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito malo abwino kudya.
Kodi nkhokwe zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Barn Owl ku Flight
Izi ndi nyama zomwe zimakonda kudya usiku zomwe zimakonda nyama zazing'ono. Matiresi a Barn Owls amayamba kusaka okha atalowa dzuwa. Kuti adziwe zomwe akufuna kusuntha, adayamba kuona pang'ono. Komabe, posaka mumdima wathunthu, kadzidzi amadalira khutu lofunitsitsa kugwira nyama. Matire a Barn Owena ndi mbalame zolondola kwambiri mukamafufuza nyama mwa mawu. China chomwe chimathandizira kusaka bwino ndi nthenga zawo zotulutsa, zomwe zimathandiza kuzimitsa phokoso posuntha.
Kadzidzi amatha kuyandikira nyama yake mosazindikira. Mingulu yaikazi imathanso kugwira nyama yawo ndi ndege zochepa (1.5-5,5 metres pamwamba pa nthaka), ikagwira nyama ndi miyendo yawo ndikugunda kumbuyo kwa chigaza ndi milomo yawo. Kenako zimamwa zonse. Nyumba ya Bes Owls imasunga chakudya, makamaka nthawi yakubzala.
Chakudya chachikulu cha khola Owl chimakhala ndi:
Barn owl akusaka, akuuluka pang'onopang'ono ndikuyang'ana dziko lapansi. Amatha kugwiritsa ntchito nthambi, mipanda kapena mawonekedwe ena kuti awone malowa. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mapiko aatali, otambalala, yomwe imalola kuti izitha kuyenda komanso kutembenuka. Miyendo yake ndi zala zake ndizitali komanso zopyapyala. Izi zimathandiza kupeza chakudya mu masamba owoneka kapena pansi pa chipale chofewa. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti khungwe inayake imadyera ma voles amodzi kapena zingapo usiku uliwonse, zomwe zimafanana ndi makumi awiri ndi atatu mwa zana la kulemera kwa mbalame.
Kupanga kakang'ono kumang'ambika ndipo kudyedwa kwathunthu, pomwe kupanga kwakukulu, kupitirira 100 g, sikunyalanyazidwa ndipo mbali zosakhazikika zimaponyedwa kunja. Pa gawo lachigawo, zopangidwa ndi makoswe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito malinga ndi kutchipa. Pazilumba zokhala ndi mbalame zambiri, zakudya za khola Zokha zingaphatikizeponso 15-20% ya mbalame.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Barn Owl
Zikhozi zimadzuka usiku, kuwerengera kumva kwambiri mumdima wathunthu. Amayamba kugwira ntchito dzuwa lisanalowe, ndipo nthawi zina amadziwika masana akamachoka malo amodzi mpaka usiku. Nthawi zina amatha kusaka masana ngati usiku wapitawu kunali konyowa ndikupangitsa kusaka kukhala kovuta.
Mazamba a Barn si mbalame zam'madera kwenikweni, koma ali ndi mndandanda womwe nyumba zawo zimadyamo. Kwa amuna ku Scotland awa ndi utali wozungulira pafupifupi 1 km kuchokera pamalo odyera. Zosiyanasiyana zazikazi zimagwirizana ndi za mnzake. Kuphatikiza pa nthawi yobala, abambo ndi akazi nthawi zambiri amagona payokha. Munthu aliyense ali ndi malo atatu komwe mungabisale masana, komanso komwe amapita nthawi yochepa pakati pausiku.
Malowa ndi monga:
- mitengo yopanda kanthu
- zokutira m'miyala
- nyumba zosiyidwa
- chimofu
- ming'oma yokhala ndi udzu, etc.
Nyengo ya kuswana ikayandikira, mbalame zimabweranso pafupi ndi chisa chosankhidwa usikuwo. Nyumba za Barn Owls zili ndi malo otseguka, monga madambo kapena malo odyetserako ziweto, okwera pansi mamita 2000. Kadzidziyu amakonda kusaka m'mphepete mwa nkhalangoyi kapena m'mbali mwa udzu wovuta pafupi ndi msipu.
Monga kadzidzi ambiri, buluu wowuluka akuwuluka mwakachetechete, mano ang'onoang'ono kumapeto kwa nthenga ndi lingwe lokhala ngati tsitsi m'mphepete mwa njira zothandizira amathandizira kudutsira mu kutuluka kwa mpweya, potero kumachepetsa chipwirikiti ndi phokoso lotsatira. Khalidwe la mbalame ndi zokonda zachilengedwe zitha kusiyanasiyana pang'ono pakati pa masanjidwe oyandikana nawo.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Barn Owl
Ng'ombe zamtundu wa mbalame ndi mbalame zodziwika bwino, ngakhale pali malipoti a mitala. Awiriwa amakhala limodzi bola onse awiri ali ndi moyo. Chibwenzi chimayamba ndi chiwonetsero cha ndege za amuna, omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndikumveka ndikuthamangitsa wamkazi. Wamphongo amathanso kuwonekera pamaso pa mkazi wokhala pansi kwa masekondi angapo.
Kukopera kumachitika mphindi zochepa zilizonse mukamayang'ana jack. Amuna ndi akazi agona kutsogolo wina ndi mnzake kuti atulutsane. Wamphongo amadzuka kupita kwa mkaziyo, ndikumugwira pakhosi ndi kumanja ndi mapiko. Kukopera kumapitilizanso kuchepa pafupipafupi nthawi zonse pakukonzekera ndi kulera nkhuku.
Barn owls umabala kamodzi pachaka. Amatha kubereka pafupifupi nthawi iliyonse pachaka, kutengera zakudya. Anthu ambiri amayamba kubereka azaka 1 zokha. Chifukwa chakuyembekeza kwakanthawi kochepa kokhala nkhokwe (pafupifupi zaka 2), anthu ambiri amabereka kamodzi kapena kawiri. Monga lamulo, abulu amatulutsa kamwana kamodzi pachaka, ngakhale m'magawo awiri pamakhala kuwonjezeka kwa ana atatu chaka chimodzi.
Chosangalatsa: Akazi a ow owala amachoka pachisa pa nthawi yochepa yokha komanso mosatalikirana kwambiri.Munthawi imeneyi, yamphongo imadyetsa mkazi wamkazi. Ali pachisa mpaka anapiye atatsala pang'ono kukwana masiku 25. Amuna amabweretsa chakudya chisa cha chisa chaimacho ndi anapiye, koma achikazi okha ndi omwe amadyetsa ana, poyamba kumaphwanya zakudyazo m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.
Barn Owls nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chisa chakale chomwe chakhala chikuyenda kwazaka zambiri, m'malo momanga chatsopano. Zachikazi nthawi zambiri zimasenda chisa ndi zopunthira. Amayikira mazira awiri mpaka 18 (nthawi zambiri mpaka 4 mpaka 7) pa dzira limodzi masiku onse awiri. Yaikazi imagwira mazira kuyambira masiku 29 mpaka 34. Chingwe chimaswa ndipo chimadyetsa chikazi. Amasiya chisa masiku 50-70 patadutsa, koma amabwerera ku chisa usiku. Amakhala odziimira kwathunthu kwa makolo awo masabata 3-5 atayamba kuwuluka.
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe kadzidzi akuonekera. Tiyeni tiwone momwe kadzidzi amakhalira kuthengo.
Adani Achilengedwe Achilengedwe a Barn Owls
Chithunzi: Barn Owl
Ng'ombe za Barn zimakhala ndi zilombo zochepa. Nthata nthawi zina zimagwidwa ndi njoka ndi njoka. Palinso umboni wina woti kadzidzi wokhala ndi nyanga nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito akuluakulu. Mabuku a Barn kumadzulo kwa Palearctic ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa North America. Mphungu zazikazi, mahatchi ofiira, mbozi, mikango yamphongo, abuluzi, ndi kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga nthawi zina zimasaka ma subspecies awa.
Poyang'anizana ndi chododometsa chija, buluzi amatulutsa mapiko ake ndikuwawumba kotero kuti nkhope zawo zakumaso zimayang'anizana ndi mlendo. Kenako amagwedeza mitu yawo kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo. Chiwonetsero ichi chowopseza chimatsagana ndi kukweza ndi ngongole, zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi maso akhungu. Wowonongera akapitilizabe kuukira, kadzidziyo imagwera kumbuyo kwake ndikumumenya ndi miyendo.
Ma Serov ndi magulu azidutswa zosiyanasiyana za majeremusi. Nthaka zimapezeka m'malo osungira zisa. Amagwidwanso ndi ntchentche ndi nthenga za nthenga, zomwe zimachoka kuchokera ku mbalame kupita ku mbalame kudzera pa kulumikizana mwachindunji. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala ntchentche zoyamwa magazi, monga Ornithomyia avicularia, zomwe zimayenda pakati pa maula. Zomera zamkati zimaphatikizapo Fluke Strigea strigis, tapeworms Paruternia candelabraria, mitundu ingapo ya majeremusi ozungulira parasitic ndi nyongolotsi zamtundu wa Centrorhynchus. Tizilombo tamatumbo timeneti timatulutsa tikamadya mbalame zomwe zadyedwa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Kodi nkhokwe ya Owl imawoneka bwanji?
Mtunduwu wakhala ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika pazazaka 40 zapitazi ku America. Kuchuluka kwa anthu ku Europe akuti akusintha. Masiku ano, anthu aku Europe akuyerekeza pa 111,000-230,000 awiriawiri, omwe akufanana ndi anthu 222,000-460,000 okhwima. Europe ndi pafupifupi 5% ya kuchuluka padziko lonse lapansi, kotero kuyerekezera kopitilira muyeso kwaanthu padziko lapansi ndi anthu 4,400,000-9,200,000 okhwima, ngakhale kutsimikizika kwina kukuyerekeza kuli kofunikira.
M'mafamu amakono, kulibenso malo okhala nyumba zaulimi ndipo malo olimamo sangakhale ndi makoswe okwanira kudyetsa nyumba ziwiri za Owls. Kuchuluka kwa kadzidzi, komabe, kukucheperachepera m'malo ena, osati mokulira.
Chochititsa chidwi: Mabizinesi apadera okhala ndi zisumbu zazing'onoting'ono nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chifukwa chakugawana kochepa.
Barn owl amayankha pakusintha kwanyengo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso kusintha kwa machitidwe azolimo. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zina, siziunjikira mafuta owonjezera m'thupi ngati malo osungira nyengo yachisanu. Zotsatira zake, akadzidzi ambiri amafa nyengo yachisanu kapena ofooka kwambiri kuti athe kubereka nthawi yamasika. Mankhwala atizilombo tathandizanso kutsika kwa mitunduyi. Pazifukwa zosadziwika, kadzidzi wa barn amavutika kwambiri ndi zovuta za mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuposa mitundu ina ya kadzidzi. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto lochepetsa mazira.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Asayansi a asayansi ya ornithologists sakanatha kukhala ndi gulu la owoneka mu gulu lililonse, chifukwa chake adaganiza "zopatsa" gulu lawolawo. Barn owl ndiye mitundu yodziwika kwambiri, ndipo imapezeka masiku ano pafupifupi konsekonse kupatula Antarctica.
Ngakhale kuti kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi ndi nyama yolusa, yozizira kwambiri kuposa mitundu yonse ya kadzidzi, miyeso yake ndiyabwino kwambiri: kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira makumi awiri ndi asanu mpaka masentimita makumi asanu, ndipo kulemera - kuchokera mazana awiri mpaka mazana mazana asanu ndi atatu.
Zachikazi wa Barn owl ndi zokulirapo peresenti khumi kuposa zazimuna. Zambiri mwa mbalame ndizosalala komanso zofewa. Thupi lakumaso ndi mutu nthawi zambiri limakhala laimvi kapena la bulauni, pomwe nkhope yake yonse imakhala yolungaluka.
Belly, muzzle ndi chifuwa ndizoyera, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mawanga. Thupi la kadzidzi wa kadzidzi ndi loonda, pazala zakuda za pinki ndizovala zakuda. Maso a mbalamezi ndi owala bwino, ali ndi mtundu wokongola kwambiri.
Barn owl Lero lafalikira pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula ku Antarctica ndi madera ena ndi mayiko okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, monga North America ndi Canada.
Popeza thupi la khola la Owls silinakonzedweretu kuti pakhale mafuta ochulukirapo, kutentha pang'ono sikungakhale koyenera kwa owards. Ku Russia, mutha kukumana ndi kadzidzi wa nkhokwe kokha m'chigawo cha Kaliningrad.
Barn Owl mu Ndege
Madera okhala mapiri okhala ndi mapiri ataliatali komanso zipululu za ku Africa sakhala omasuka ndi nyumba Zoyambira Zokha. M'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, mbalameyi idatumizidwa kunja ku Canary, Hawaii ndi Seychelles, kotero tsopano pali mitundu yake yambiri yomwe ilimo.
Nyumba ya Barn Owls imakhala mosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe komanso malo okhala, komabe, mbalameyi imakonda kukhazikika kumapiri otseguka ndi nkhalango yachilendo komanso ndi madambo ambiri ndi dziwe pafupi.
Mimbulu, malo opanda maudzu ndi malo okumbirako amakhalanso malo okondedwa a nkhokwe. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pafupi ndi malo omwe anthu amakhala komanso malo olimapo, chifukwa apa nthawi zonse mumatha kupeza chakudya ndipo, makamaka makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Masked Barn Owl kapena australia khola Owl sanagawire ku Australia kokha, komanso ku New South Wales, Tasmania ndi madera ena.
Mu chithunzi chida cha mask
Zikhozizi za ku Australia zotere zimasiyana ndi mitundu yonseyo osati maonekedwe ake okongola, komanso kukula kwake: kadzidzi zazikazi amaziona kukhala zazikulu kwambiri pamitundu ina yonse.
Bukholo wakuda - pakadali pano nthawi imawonedwa ngati mitundu yophunziridwa pang'ono, chifukwa zomwe zimachitika usiku ndizobisika ndipo sizobisika kwa anthu. Imakhazikika pakati pa nkhalango za eucalyptus, m'mphepete ndi madera a New Guinea ndi gawo lakummawa kwa kontinenti ya Australia.
Chithunzithunzi ndi khola lakuda Kadzidzi
Khalidwe ndi moyo
"Mzukwa" golidi "kadzidzi wa khumbi" adalandira chifukwa cha mphamvu yake kuti iziwoneka mwadzidzidzi pamaso pa munthu wosazindikira, popanda kumveka pang'ono. Pali malingaliro akuti dzina la chilankhulo cha ku Russia "Barn Owl", mbalameyo idadzipangira liwu lake lokhala ndi mawu ochepa, zomwe zitha kuwopseza woyenda mwangozi mwakutayika.
Kuphatikiza pa kuthekera kosuntha modutsa m'mlengalenga, khumbi ladzidzi limakhala ndi masomphenya opanga bwino kwambiri, omwe amalilola kusaka pakati pausiku, lotsogozedwa bwino mumdima.
Masana, khola Owl amakhala pabowo, padenga kapena m'malo ena odalirika. Barn Owl, amakonda kukhala nokha, koma m'malo omwe kuli chakudya chochulukirapo, mutha kuwona magulu ang'onoang'ono ndi magulu a mbalame.
Bati Owls nthawi zambiri amakhala otanganidwa kuzungulira gawo lawo, pomwe amasintha kutalika kwake nthawi zambiri. Atazindikira mlendo wosafunikira, kadzidzi amayamba kupanga njira zowopseza pofuna kuwopseza wotsutsa. Kugubuduza mapiko ake, khungubwi imatha kuukira mdaniyo mothandizidwa ndi miyendo yake yamphamvu, komanso kukhazikitsa mlomo wake, kuyidula mwachisawawa nthawi yaukali.
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zouluka zikafuna kumanga zisa zawo pafupi ndi munthu: m'makoma a nyumba zokhalamo, m'makisanja kapena pomanga nyumba. Kuthengo, kadzidziyu amatha kulowa chisa cha munthu wina kapena dzenje.
Mabatire a Ow Owl
Amphaka oswedwa amadalira kwathunthu makolo awo, omwe amawadyetsa kamodzi. Pobadwa, amaphimbidwa ndi mafuta oyera. Zikakhala kuti kukuzizira kwambiri, kadzidzi wa khumbi sasiya chisa konse ndipo amatenthetsa anapiyewo, omwe amadzilamulira okha pakatha miyezi itatu. Anapiye achikulirewo amawuluka kupita kumalo ena kukapeza gawo lina lokhalamo ndi kubereka. Buluu wowuma amatha kuwoneka nthawi ngakhale anapiye 10, ngati zitha kuloleza, koma mchaka chanjala, monga lamulo, mazira oposa 4 akuyembekezeredwa.
Amadziwika kuti zochita za anapiye awo sizachilendo kwa mbalame: zimawonetsa kukhudzika, kukana kudya mokomera iwo omwe ali ndi njala kwambiri kuposa momwe aliri. Poyerekeza ndi mbalame zina zambiri, pomwe ana ake amang'amba chakudya cha wina ndi mnzake kuti adye, izi zimapangitsa chidwi chachikulu ndi mbalame monga kadzidzi. Chithunzi cha anapiye ake chikuwonetsa momwe amawonekera pobadwa.
Makolo amasamalira ngakhale anapiye awo atatuluka chisa: amapitilabe kuwasamalira ndikuwadyetsa mpaka atakhala odziimira pawokha, ndiye kuti amafika zaka zitatu.
Maganizo a anthu
Bulu owl mwa anthu nthawi zonse wakhala chizindikiro cha nzeru, koma nthawi yomweyo amamuchitira mbalameyi mwamantha. Kukhulupirira malodza tsopano ndi zinthu zakale, ndipo anthu akuwonetsa chidwi. Barn ow owol adachita mantha ndi anthu chifukwa cha zina zawo: nkhope yoyera yofanana ndi chigoba, mawu owopsa, komanso chifukwa cha chizolowezi cha mbalameyi kuwuluka mwakachetechete ndikuwonekera pamaso pa munthu, pomwe anthu adayitcha kuti kadzidzi.
Barn Owl amadya kwambiri makoswe, motero amapindulitsa anthu. Anthu adathokoza kwanthawi yayitali thandizo la zikhozi pakuwononga tizirombo. Chifukwa chake, m'zaka za zana la 17, mchitidwewu udali wofala, pamene mawindo apadera amapangidwira m'nyumba, nkhokwe, mphero ndi nyumba zina momwe kadzidzi a kadzidzi amatha kulowa mkati ndikuwononga makoswe. Mwanjira imeneyi, mbalamezo zimadyetsedwa bwino, ndipo mapindu aumunthu adabweretsa.
Ngati azindikira anthu oyandikana nawo, amayamba kuchita zinthu zosangalatsa: amakwera pamwamba, amagwada ndi miyendo yawo mbali imodzi ndipo nthawi yomweyo akuwonetsa zokongola zosiyanasiyana. Ngati mukuyandikira kwambiri kwa iye, ndiye, monga lamulo, amawuluka.
Kodi kadzidzi amakhala bwanji koloko?
Mu vivo, oward wa barn atha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 18, koma ichi ndiye chizindikiro chokwanira. M'malo mwake, zimakhala kuti amakhala ndi zochepa kwambiri - moyo wawo wamkati uli pafupifupi zaka 2. Panali zochitika zolembedwa pomwe khwangwala adatha kukhala m'malo a chilengedwe mpaka zaka 17, ku North America, mbalame yomwe idamangidwa idamwalira ndi zaka 11.5, koma ku England mbiri idasweka - mbalameyo idakhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka 22.
Tidakambirana za mbalame yosangalatsa ngati kadzidzi, ya zikhalidwe zake komanso momwe imathandizira anthu. Tsoka ilo, chifukwa cha kusintha kwachilengedwe komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'malo osiyanasiyana ku Europe, chiwerengero cha nkhokwe Owl chikuchepa. Komanso, nthawi zambiri pamakhala kufa kwa mbalame chifukwa cha kuwombana ndi magalimoto pamisewu. Pakadali pano, khola Owl ndi mbalame, yomwe imalembedwa mu Red Book ya maiko angapo ku Eastern Europe, komwe pazifukwa zosadziwika, m'zaka zaposachedwa anthu akuchepa kwambiri.
Barn Owl
Barn Owl ndiye mitundu yodziwika kwambiri yomwe imapezeka kunyumba komanso zachilengedwe. Itha kupezeka pafupi ndi zithaphwi ndi nyanja ku Ukraine, Belarus ndi Moldova.
Malo omwe amakhala ndi Middle East, North Africa, zilumba za Canary. Mbalame zili chete. Amangokhalira kulira nthawi yachikulire. Amatha kufufuma ndikumangotulutsa mawu, osonyeza momwe akumvera:
- mbalame zazikulu. Kutalika kwa matupi awo kumatha kufika masentimita 40. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya nkhokwe zonse ndizomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi nkhope. Ili ndi mawonekedwe amtima. Mwa anthu amtundu wamba, nthenga pa nkhope ndizoyera. Mtima ndi womangidwa ndi mkombero wakuda,
- mutu ndi wamkulu. Mbalame imatha kuzungulira ndi 270. Palibe makutu a nthenga pamutu. Chosiyana ndi chigoba chophimba cha Owl,
- mabowo akakhala m'mbali mwa mutu, koma ndi asymmetrical. Bowo lili m'maso, lina pafupi ndi mulomo. Ziwalo zamakutuzi zimathandiza kuti mbalame zizitha kuona mafunde osiyanasiyana,
- Maso ndi akulu, iris ndi yakuda. Mtambo wopaka utoto nthawi zambiri umakhala pansi pa maso,
- khola la kadzidzi ndilokulira, koma libisidwa pansi pamadzi ambiri.
- kadzidzi ali ndi miyendo yamphamvu kwambiri; Mataka ataphimbidwa
- nsapato zazitali, zofanana m'litali. Mapeto ake ali mkati. Mu kadzidzi, kikho wamba kankakhala ndi zala pachala chachitatu. Mukakhala kunyumba komanso polumikizana ndi chiweto, ndikofunikira kuteteza manja okhala ndi magolovesi azitali opangidwa ndi nsalu yayikulu komanso yowala,
- gawo la mutu, khosi, kumbuyo ndi mapiko a kanyenya kwamdima. Khosi, chifuwa ndi m'mimba ndizoyera. Fluff ndi ofewa kwambiri, wandiweyani. Madontho ang'onoang'ono akuda amatsutsana ndi maziko oyera.
Mabati a Owls amakonda malo athyathyathya. Samawulukira m'nkhalango zowirira. Anthu amodzi amakhala opondaponda. Mu nthawi yakukhwima, wamkazi amakonzekeretsa chisa kuti chizigona.
Nyengo yoswana zimadalira malo okhala mbalame. M'madambo otentha, anthu amadikirira nyengo yadzuwa ikatha. M'madera otentha pomwe nyengo zimatchulidwa, nthawi yakukula kwa kadzidzi kumayambira kumayambiriro kwamasika.
Mukamadyetsa mbalamezo, zimang'amba mtembo wa nyamayo ndikuyameza tating'onoting'ono. Pamodzi ndi nyama, amadya khungu, ubweya kapena nthenga. Nthochi zimadyetsedwa chimodzimodzi. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri tomwe timakodwa ndi thupi, mbalamezo zimang'ambika. Zotupa zoterezi zimatchedwa nthano. Zitha kupezeka mchisa. Mukasunga khola la Owl, izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Zingwezo zimachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo kuti zisavote.
Nthawi zambiri, zazikazi zimakhala ndi zisa zakale, mbalame zopanda phokoso, zimbudzi zosiyidwa. Nthawi zina, kadzidzi amafika kunyumba ya munthu ndikukakonzera malo oti adzagonekere. Clutch imatha kukhala ndi mazira 4-7.
Ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Chigoba cholimba, choyera. Yaikazi ikukutira anapiye. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 34.
Mazimba a Barn Owawa nthawi zambiri amathandizira anapiye. Yaikazi imathyola chipolopolo ndi mulomo wake, ndimachotsa chigombacho mosamala kuti chimbalangondo chizikhala chosavuta. Nthawi yomweyo makolo amayamba kudyetsa anapiye. Amabweretsa mbewa ndi nkhuku. Tizidutswa tating'onoting'ono timalekanitsidwa ndi nyama yakufayo ndi kuyikiramo milomo ya anawo.
Kudyetsa kumatenga miyezi 1.5. Pakatha miyezi iwiri, kadzidzi amayamba kuuluka chisa. Nthawi zambiri zimagwera mu udzu kapena zitsamba zowirira. Satha kupeza njira yopita kuchisa. Malinga ndi kulira kwawo, makolo nthawi zonse amapeza nyama zazing'ono ndikubwera ndi chakudya.
Pakupita miyezi itatu, kadzidzi amayamba kukhala odziimira pawokha. Barn Owls si mbalame zamtendere. Amakhala okha. Amapanga pawiri pokhapokha pakubzala.
Mbidzi zaikazi zimadyanso timiyendo tating'ono, mbewa, abuluzi, ndi anapiye ang'onoang'ono. Amasaka masana. Wokwerayo akukwera phirilo ndi kulondola nyama. Sakonda kuthamangitsa makoswe. Kadzidzi amasankha kamphindi kuti atulutsire ndikugwira mbewa kapena buluzi.
Mitundu ina
Kuphatikiza pa khola Owl kunyumba, palinso mitundu ina ya mbalame za banja ladzidzi. M'madera a mvula ku Madagascar, Madagascar wofiira kapena nkhokwe yazitsamba amakhala. Mosiyana ndi mitundu wamba, mbalameyi imakhala moyo wosangalala usiku. Ndizochepa, 21 cm, kulemera 400 g.
Mtundu wawukulu wa maulawo ndiwofiyira-ofiira ndi amtambo amdima komanso owala. Pachifuwa komanso pamimba pakuwala ndi mawanga akuda. Diski yakutsogolo imapangidwa ndi nthenga zazifupi zazifupi. Mphezi yake ndi yakuda.Mbalameyi imalira mokuwa, koma imatha kulira.
A Golden Barn Owl amakhala ku Papua New Guinea. Mbalameyi ndiyosowa, koma imatha kuwoneka m'malo osungira nyama. Kukula kwake ndi 33 cm, kulemera 250 g. Omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wokongola wa cholembera.
Ali ndi nthenga zagolide pamapiko ndi mikwingwirima pachifuwa. Mtundu wina wonse umakhala wowoneka bwino ndi wakuda womwe umasonkhanitsidwa mumtundu. Kadzidzi usiku. Ndikofunikira kulabadira izi.
Okonda zachilendo amatha kupeza kadzidzi wakuda wa Taliban. Sali usiku, ali ndi ziwanda. Zowonjezera kumbuyo ndi mapiko zakuda bii. Diso la nkhope, khosi, chifuwa ndi m'mimba zimakhala ndi phulusa la imvi.
Anthuwa ndi okulirapo, opitilira theka la mita kutalika ndi masentimita 1.2. Mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi waufupi. Kadzidzi kali ndi nsapato zamphamvu, zozungulira. Ayenera kusamalidwa mosamala.
Kunyumba, Cape Barn Owl nthawi zambiri amapezeka. Chimawoneka ngati mtundu wamba, koma yokulirapo, uli ndi mtundu wakuda kwambiri wa cholembera. Zimbudzi zimagwira usiku. Mchipinda chake osakhazikitsa malo.
Mbalameyo imangokhala pansi. Amadzipangira teki ta udzu. Kwa kadzidzi wamba, amayala udzu wambiri momwe umapangira phompho. Kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 42, kulemera 500 g.
Zingakhale bwanji?
Omwe ali ndi nkhokwe Owls akuti safuna chisamaliro chapadera komanso zovuta. Mukakhazikitsidwa mbalame osayika. Zipinda zopatula zimaperekedwa kwa iwo. Mzipindazo konzekerani bedi la hay, lomwe limasinthidwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Nthawi zina izi zimakhala zokwanira, koma kwa owomba ena muyenera kukhazikitsa chitsa ndi dzenje. Kwa nkhuku zofunikira zida. Pansi pawo adayika mathirakiti a zinyalala.
Mbalame zimakonda kucheza. Amatha kuyitanitsa wopeza naye mkate kuti adzasewera. Nthawi yomweyo amakuwa kwambiri. Chikhumbo cha anthu pawokha sichiyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Kupanda kutero, kadzidzi amalimbana ndi chitseko kuti atuluke:
- khola owl kunyumba amafunika chakudya,
- kudyetsa ntchito mbewa tsiku lililonse, nkhuku, hamsters,
- Kamodzi pa sabata, nsomba zamtsinje zimayambitsidwa,
- Nthawi zina amapatsa tizilombo, koma si anthu onse omwe amafuna kuwadya.
- Ngati chiweto sichingayende, ndiye kuti mafuta a nsomba ayenera kuyambitsidwa muzakudya.
- Ziweto zina zimakonda kudya mapeyala, nthochi, zipatso, koma ichi sindicho chakudya chachikulu,
- Kadzidzi wamkulu amadya mbewa ziwiri ndi nkhuku ziwiri patsiku,
- madzi amasiyidwa pagulu la anthu. Imathiridwa mumtsuko wotseguka. Choweta sichimangomwa, komanso kuchapira. Madzi mu tank osinthidwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Barn Owl ayenera kuyendayenda. Kuti isawuluke, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigule zida zolimbitsa pamiyendo, komanso kutalika kwakutali. Amalumikizidwa ndi zogwirira ntchito.
Monga chonyamulira, khola lalikulu limagwiritsidwa ntchito, lomwe limakutidwa ndi nsalu yolimba. Yendani chiweto m'munda, kutengera nthawi yomwe ikuchitika.