Chifukwa cha zofunda zomwe zimawoneka bwino pamapiko osakhazikika a zisa zamtunduwu, asayansi kwa nthawi yayitali adaganiza kuti goacin kuti ndi gawo lomwe lingapulumuke pakati pa nyama yakale ya archeopteryx ndi mbalame zamakono.

Habitat.
A Gonzin amakhala kumpoto kwa South America kudera la Bolivia. Peru ndi Brazil, okhala m'nkhalango zowirira zomwe amakulira m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje. Mitundu yayikulu yomwe imapanga matanthwe pano ndi mitengo ya mthethe, msondodzi, mitengo yamkuyu ndi balsa, mitengo yamangati ndi zitsamba, komanso hevea yaku Brazil ndipo, kawirikawiri, holly. Kwa moyo, mbalameyi ndiyoyenera gawo lokhalo la nkhalango komwe kuli dziwe kapena dambo lotseguka. M'malo obisika a goacin, pafupifupi sasintha nyengo, chifukwa mbewu zimabala zipatso chaka chonse ndipo sizimataya masamba, mbalame zokongola izi zimaperekedwa chakudya.

Mitundu: Goacin - Opisthocomus hoazin.
Banja: Goacin.
Dongosolo: Goacins.
Kalasi: Mbalame.
Subtype: Vertebrates.
Habitat. Amakhala ku South America.

Chitetezo.
Amwenye achizungu nthawi zonse amasaka mbuzi chifukwa cha nthenga zokongola, komanso amagwiritsa ntchito mazira a mbalamezi ngati chakudya. Masiku ano, kugwira mbuzi ndi cholinga chogulitsa kwina kuli ponseponse. Komabe, zowonadi zoyamba ndi zachiwiri zitha kuonedwa kuti ndizosafunikira kwenikweni poyerekeza ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kukhalapo kwa mitunduyi, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndikuwonongeka mwachangu kwa nkhalango zamvula za Amazon ndikuchotsa madambo akuluakulu am'deralo. Masiku ano, chifukwa cha zochitika ngati izi, anthu a ku Peruvia Goacin atsala pang'ono kufa, koma mwatsoka, palibe mayiko omwe adapereka njira zodzitetezera zenizeni.

Moyo.
Goacin ndi mbalame yabwino komanso yabwino kwambiri ndipo ndi gulu la anthu 10 mpaka 20 kunja kwa nthawi yochezera. Amakhala nthawi yayitali akukhala panthambi za mitengo kapena kuigwiritsa ntchito, ndipo nthawi zambiri amadzithandiza yekha ndi mapiko, kuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati thandizo lina. Ngakhale nthenga za mbalameyi zimapangidwa mokwanira, ndipo mapiko ake sanachepetse, idangotaya mwayi wake wowuluka ndikugunda mtunda wa mamita makumi asanu. Masana, goacin ali wotanganidwa kufunafuna chakudya, pamaziko a chakudya chake masamba, zipatso ndi masamba a mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Ndi mlomo wake wamfupi, nthambi zokhala ndi mbeuyo zimadula zidutswa, kenako ndikuzimeza, ndikungopumira pang'onopang'ono. Chotsiriziracho chimadzaza pamwamba, chimakhala cholemetsa kwambiri kotero kuti mbuzi zamphongo zimangoyenda movutikira. Mbalameyi imamenyedwa panthambi, ndikusamutsa kulemera konse ku sternum, pansi pake pali mpweya wapadera. Chakudya chophwanyika mu goiter panjira yopita m'mimba chimapatsa mphamvu mabakiteriya omwe amakhala m'mimba. Tikudya ndi kupumula, mamembala onse amafuula mokweza mawu. Goacin akugona mu korona za mitengo.

Kubalana.
Nthawi yakudyaku, gulu la goacin limagawika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Monga lamulo, limapangidwa ndi anthu 8-10, omwe amayamba kupanga zisa pafupi ndi wina ndi mnzake. Iliyonse imakhala ndi chisa chake pamtengo wa mtengo wopachikidwa pamadzi. Maonekedwe ake, amafanana ndi mtanga wopangidwa kuchokera kumitengo yopyapyala ya nthambi zingapo. Chikazi chimayikira mazira 2-3 mu chipolopolo chowoneka ngati zonona, yokutidwa ndi mawanga a pinki ndi a bulauni. Pakupita milungu inayi, makolonu onse amakulunga. Mankhusu amabadwa ali maliseche, koma atadzala msanga ndi fluff; pamapiko awo pamakhala mapanga owoneka bwino. Pakupita masiku ochepa, mwana amalowa munthambi ndikutsika pansi ndikugwada pansi, nadzithandiza yekha ndi mulomo wake ndikudziwirira zala zakumapazi ndi mapiko ake. Ataona zoopseza, nthawi yomweyo adumphira m'madzi, pomwe amatha kusambira kupumira kamodzi mpaka mamita 6. Atatuluka, anapiyewo pamizu ya mitengo yamangati ndi nthambi zobwerera ku chisa. Pamapiko, komabe, kukula kwamtopaku kumachedwa kwambiri motero kwa nthawi yayitali kutengera makolo, omwe amamupititsa kumapazi kukagula. Pa mapangidwe omaliza a mapikowo, zibwano zawo zimasowa.

Kodi mumadziwa?

• Pali khushoni ya mpweya pansi pa sternum m'thupi la goacin: zimathandiza mbalame kuti ikhale momasuka pamtunda nthawi yakudya.
• Ndi anapiye a mbalameyi okha omwe amakhala ndi mapanga kumapiko awo.
• M'mbuyomu, zikhadabo zam'mapiko zimawerengedwa kuti ndi umboni wa nyama yayitali, chizindikiro cha ubale wapakati pa mbuzi ndi mtundu wa Archeopteryx. Tsopano, mmalo mwake, akukhulupirira kuti izi ndizosinthika zaposachedwa zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wa nyama zazing'ono kuti zikhale ndi moyo.
• Pangozi, goacin amayamba kutulutsa fungo losalala la musk. Monga lamulo, anthu kapena nyama sizidya nyama ya nkhukuyi.
• Chifaniziro cha goacin chimayikidwa pachivala chamanja cha Guyana.
• Popeza goacin amawuluka pang'ono, minofu yake ya pectoral siyipangidwe bwino.

Goacin - Opisthocomus hoazin
Kutalika kwa thupi: 60-70 cm.
Kulemera: 700-900 g.
Chiwerengero cha mazira: 2-3.
Nthawi ya makulitsidwe: masiku 28.
Chakudya: masamba, masamba, zipatso.

Kapangidwe.
Maso. Maso owoneka ndi utawaleza wofiira ndi malo opanda khungu, opakidwa utoto wowonekera.
Crest. Pamutu pali chisoti chachikulu cha nthenga zofiira.
Mutu. Mutu wocheperako wopanda manambala.
Thupi. Thupi limakhala lokwera komanso lothina. Minofu ya pectoral siyinapangidwe bwino.
Mlomo. Mlomo waufupi umawerama pansi.
Mapaundi. Mbali zambiri za thupi, komanso nthenga, zimakhala zofiirira zokhala ndi mikwaso yoyera. Gawo lachiberekero ndi chikasu chopepuka, ndipo pakhosi ndi mkati mwa mapiko mankhwalawo ndi ofiira owala.
Khosi. Goacin ali ndi khosi lalitali.
Miyendo. Miyendo yayitali yokongola imatha ndi zala zinai.
Mchira. Nthenga za mchira wautali ndi zofiirira zokhala ndi malangizo opepuka.

Mitundu yofananira.
Udindo wa goacin mu msonkho wa mitundu yachilengedwe umayambitsa mikangano. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti mbalameyi imayenera kupatulidwa ndikugawana, ena amanenanso kuti, malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake, iyenera kuperekedwa ku kulamula kwa nkhakao, ndipo enanso kuti mbuziy ndioyimira gulu la nkhuku. Ngakhale zili choncho, onse angavomereze kuti mtunduwu ndiomwe ungoyimira banja la goacin. Mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake a thupi, amafanana ndi pheasant.

Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala

Mbalame ya Goatsin omwe kale amatchedwa nkhuku, koma zina zidakakamiza asayansi kuganiziranso izi. Goacin ali ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zidapangitsa kupatula mitundu ya mbalame ya goacin iyi. Mosiyana ndi nkhuku, mbalameyi imangokhala ndi kakulidwe kokha, imakhala ndi chala chachikulu kwambiri chakumbuyo, ndipo sternum imasiyana.

Mbalame yotentha imeneyi imakhala ndi thupi, lalitali masentimita 60, la mtundu wachilendo. Nthenga kumbuyo ndizopaka utoto wa azitona wokhala ndi mizere yachikaso kapena yoyera. Mutu wa mbuzi umakongoletsedwa ndi ma crest, masaya alibe maula, amangokhala amtambo kapena amtambo. Khosi limakhala lokwera, yokutidwa ndi nthenga zazing'ono, zowongoka.

Nthengazi zimapakidwa utoto wachikasu, womwe pamimba umasanduka ofiira owoneka ngati lalanje. Mchirawo ndi wokongola kwambiri - nthenga zakuda m'mphepete "zimalembedwa" ndi m'mphepete mwa mandimu achikasu. Ngati mungaganizire goacin pachithunzi, kenako titha kuwona mawonekedwe ake osazolowereka ndipo, polankhula chilankhulo cha wogulitsa nthano, anali mbuzi zomwe zinali zojambula za Firebird.

Sizikudziwika ngati anthu aku Guyana amakonda nthano, koma atavala zovala zawo adafananiratu nthumwi yoyimbayo. Asayansi amakhulupiriranso kuti mbalameyi ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi precheistic archeopteryx, popanda chifukwa iwo amawaganizira kuti ndi mbalame yakale kwambiri. Poyang'ana koyamba, mbalame zonse sizachilendo. Ndipo pakati pawo amasiyana kukula kwake, mtundu wake ndi mawonekedwe ake.

Koma anthu achidwi okha ndi omwe amawona kuchuluka kwamtundu uliwonse wamtundu womwe umadzisunga yokha. Kufotokozera kwa Goatsin mbalame zimatsimikizira. Mwachitsanzo, mthupi la mbuzi, pansi pa sternum, pali mtundu wina wa khuthu la mpweya, lomwe linapangidwa kuti lizipangitsa mbalameyo kukhala pamtengo pomwe ikukula chakudya.

Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri - mbalame yokha ndi yomwe ingaganize kuti ikumuwopseza, pomwepo imayamba kununkhiza. Pambuyo pa mafungo ngati awa, anthu kapena nyama sangadye nyama ya mbuzi. Chifukwa chake munthu wokongola monyada amatchedwa mbalame wonunkha kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Koma anthu ankasakabe mbalameyi. Anakopeka ndi maula abwino kwambiri, ndipo anali kugwiritsa ntchito mazira pachakudya. Lero, kusaka kwa mbuzi -in sikuyimitsidwa, tsopano mawonekedwe okongola awa agwidwa ndi cholinga chogulitsa kunja.

Mwina mbalamezi zitha kubisala kwa asaka, koma mbalameyo siyitha kudziteteza ku kuchotsa mwachangu madambo ndi kuwononga nkhalango zamvula. Ndipo malo okhalamo mbalame zokongola zamtunduwu ndi nkhalango zowirira zomwe zimamera pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi madambo.

Goacin Gwerani muchikondi ndi nkhalango zomwe zili m'chigawo cha South America. Palibe kusiyana kwakulu pakati pa nyengo, mbewu zokhala ndi masamba chaka chonse ndikubereka zipatso nthawi zonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti Goacin sangakhale ndi mavuto ndi chakudya.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Mamuna wokongola - mbuzi samakonda kukhala yekha. Ndizosavuta kwa iye kukhala m'mapaketi a anthu 10-20. Mapiko a mbalameyi amatukuka kwambiri, sanataye cholinga chawo mwachindunji, mwachitsanzo, mu nthiwatiwa, komabe, mbuzi samakonda kuuluka.

Ngakhale kuthawa kwa 50 metres ndi kale vuto lalikulu kwa iye. Chilichonse chomwe amafunikira pamoyo chimakhala panthambi za mitengo, choncho mbuzi samadzivutitsa ndi ndege zochulukirapo. Pafupifupi nthawi yake yonse amakhala pamtengo, akuyenda limodzi ndi nthambi.

Ndipo adasinthasintha mapiko ake kuti azithandiza yekha poyenda. Mu mbuzi, ngakhale chala chakumbuyo ndi chachikulu kuti chingathe kugwiritsika nthambi mosavuta. Mbalamezi zimagona mu korona zamitengo, ndipo zikagalamuka, "zimatha kuyankhulana" ndi abale, kuyimbirana wina ndi mnzake mokuwa.

Popeza mbalameyi imangokhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola, pali anthu omwe amafuna kukhala ndi "nthano" zotere m'nyumba mwawo. Afunika kupanga malo pafupi kwambiri ndi malo achilengedwe a mbuzi.

Ndipo, ngati palibe zovuta ndi zakudya za ziweto, ndiye ndikofunikira kupereka chinyezi ndi kutentha. Kuphatikiza apo, mwini wake wam'tsogolo akuyenera kudziwa kuti chipinda chomwe munthu wokongola uyu adzamangidwire sichidzanunkhira ngati maluwa.

Mawonekedwe

Amasiyana kwambiri ndi nkhuku, yomwe idanenedwa koyambirira, ndi kakhanda kakulidwe ka sternum ndi chala chachikulu kwambiri chakumbuyo.

Kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi masentimita 60. Zowoneka kumtunda kwa thupi ndi zofiirira (maolivi), zokhala ndi maudzu achikasu (oyera). Kunja kwa thupi ndi koyera, pamimba pamakhala dzimbiri (pabuka). Pamutu ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu, kunenepa kwa nthenga zopyapyala komanso zowoneka bwino. Nthenga za khosi nazonso zimakhala zazitali, zopapatiza komanso zowongoka. Mchira wautali wa 10 wazunguliridwa. Maseke ndi opanda, ofiira.

Moyo

Imasungidwa munkhokwe zamadzi osefukira m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Pafupifupi siziuluka, nthawi zambiri imakhala pamitengo ndipo nthawi zambiri imatsikira pansi.

Zakudya zamasamba: zimadya masamba ndi zipatso, zomwe zimapendedwa ndi kupesa, ngati ma ruminants, koma osati mu rumen, koma kwakukulu (7.5 kakang'ono kuposa mbalame yomwe). Kuchokera pamenepa, goacin ali ndi fungo losasangalatsa losalala.

Kuswana

Zoweta m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kuyambira Disembala mpaka Julayi. Zidole zokumba zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera kumitengo ya brashe zimayikidwa pam mitengo yotsika komanso tchire.

Mu clutch pali mazira awiri ndi awiri. Ana anapiye, zikhadabo zimayamba kukhala zala zachiwiri ndi zachiwiri za phiko, zomwe zimawathandiza kuyenda munthambi, ndipo mu wamkulu mbuzi, zipere zimatha. Nthochi zimadyetsedwa masamba osakanizidwa.

Kuchulukitsa

Kwa nthawi yayitali, mbuziin amapatsidwa malangizo a nkhuku (kumanja kwa Opisthocomidae kapena suborder Opisthocomi) kapena k crane chifukwa chofanana ndi malipenga. Pambuyo pake, goacin adatchulidwa kuti cuckoo. Posachedwa, msonkho wapadera unayesedwa ngati dongosolo lodziyimiraodzi mbuzi (Opisthocomiformes).

Mbalame zamzinda

Ndimakonda kuwona mbalame. Ngakhale nkhunda ndi akhwangwala wamba tili ndi zokongola zathu komanso chisomo. Zithunzi zokhala ndi miyezi yaposachedwa. Zina zinali kale, koma ndiyenera kuyikanso.

Munthu wokongola chonchi anagogoda pawindo langa m'mawa kwambiri.

Sindinazindikire kuti khwangwala ali ndi "chinjoka" chotere.

Bakha kuchokera padziwe la mzinda.

Ma bullets angapo achikasu.

Kestrel. Tsopano akufuuliranso kunja kwazenera, koma ndizovuta kumugwira pamagalasi.

Ah, ndi parrot wobiriwira.

Mabomba mazana angapo amafera pa sitima yapanyanja ku doko la Sakhalin

Mazana a mapiritsi Lolemba usiku adafika pa Vitus Bering, yomwe idayandikira pagombe la Kholmsk kumwera kwa Sakhalin. Mbalame zinadzaza malo onse ndikuyamba kufa atanyamula nthawi yolanda ndikutumiza katundu, director of the Green Sakhalin Fund Alexander Ivanov adauza TASS.

Oyendetsa sitimawo anajambula zomwe zinali kuchitikira sitimayo pama foni a kamera. Mavidiyowa afalikira pa intaneti. Kanemayo amatenga mbalame zambirimbiri. Anthu a Crew amayenera kukankhira ana agaluwo ndi miyendo kuti azungulira mozungulira.

"Mazana a mbalame adasefukira mchombo. Zowona. Ndidapita kudoko, tsopano tikufuna kulowa mkatimo, tikupeza zikalata," adatero gwero. Akuyerekeza kuti ma petrel amakopeka ndi kuwunika kwa sitimayo. Iwo adasendama pang'onopang'ono mpaka kukhala pang'onopang'ono, atakhala pa tebulo ndipo atsekeredwa, chifukwa sangathe kuchoka pamtunda chifukwa cha mapiko apadera.

Ngakhale kuti panali mbalame zochuluka kwambiri zomwe zimawalepheretsa kuyenda mozungulira sitimayo, oyendetsa sitimawo adaganiza zoyamba kulayisha ndikutsitsa. Zotsatira zake, mbalame zambiri zidasweka. "Mutha kupulumutsa mbalamezi ngati aliyense atayambitsidwa. Ndikhulupirira kuti izi zikanayenera kuchitidwa ndi eni ake sitimatsitsa sitimayo," adatero Ivanov.

Ziphuphu zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kapadera ka thupi ndi mapiko, mbalamezi zimatha kuwuluka momasuka, kuwuluka panyanja ndikuyandikana nayo. Komabe, pazifukwa zomwezi, zimawavuta kuyenda pamtunda. Ma bingu amatha kuchoka pamadzi pokhapokha ngati ndi chimphepo kapena kumapiri, mwachitsanzo, pamiyala. Nthawi zambiri mu Epulo palibe ma phale gombe la Sakhalin.

Pischa

Pisukha ndi mbalame yaying'ono yochokera ku Passeriformes, woimira

fuko Pisukh. Pamwamba pa thupi, maula ndi mitundu, mchirawo umakhala wofiyira, ndipo m'mimba mwake mumakhala utoto wonyezimira. Nthenga zazitali komanso zolimba zimamuthandiza kukhala wowongoka pamtengo wa mitengo. Mlomo ndi woonda motalika, komanso wopindika. Chakudyacho chimaphatikizidwa m'gulu la mbalame zomwe zimakonda kwambiri m'nkhalango zathu, koma sikuyenda kulikonse komwe kumagwira.

Pika ndi mbalame yochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Chifukwa cha mtundu wa maula, ndizowona

kuphatikizika ndi khungwa la mitengo yamitondo. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, mbalameyi imayenera kudya kuyambira m'mawa mpaka madzulo, motero imangoyendayenda ndikufunafuna chakudya.

Kuyenda kwa thunthu la pika kumandikumbutsa wophunzirayo. Koma ndi imodzi

Kusiyanitsa kofunikira - kumangoyambira pansi mpaka pansi. Kufika

mtengo wina wa chakudya, cholengedwa chokhala ndi mbewa chimagwira

a dziko lapansi, nayamba ulendo wake wopita kumwamba. Ndipo kotero osayima. Koma sakonda kuuluka.

Nthawi yoyamba kuwona pika inali pa Disembala 28, 2018. Inde, inde, momwemo ndimakumbukira msonkhano uno pofika lero, chifukwa chithunzi chake choyamba chidaphatikizidwa ndi chithunzi changa cha "chithunzi-zebest" cha mbalame. Zikuwoneka kuti ndimamukondanso, choncho kuyambira nthawi imeneyo pika wandiona nthawi zonse. Ndizoseketsa, koma nthawi zambiri mbalameyi imatha kudziwa bwinobwino momwe imawonera. Chifukwa, chifukwa cha luso laulemu, mumazindikira kwambiri chifukwa cha mayendedwe ake, kunja kwa ngodya ya diso.

Apanso, theka la zithunzi sizinawonongeke pakayikidwa

Green cissa

Green cissa kapena azure Chinese magpie (Cissa chinensis) amakhala kumapiri a Himalayas kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India, komanso ku Thailand, Malaysia, kuzilumba za Sumatra ndi Borneo.

Cisses ndi mbalame zokongola kwambiri mu banja lonse la corvidae, ndipo cissa wobiriwira ndiwonso mchira wautali kwambiri pakati pa ma cissuse onse.

Ma cissuses obiriwira amadya nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono, njoka ndi abuluzi, achule, tizilombo, ma invertebrates, mbalame ndi mazira a mbalame, kunyamula zovunda.

Mimbulu ndi hares pazithunzi ndi zithunzi

Zimachitika kuti zinthu zanzeru zimabwera m'maganizo a anthu awiri nthawi imodzi. Kodi zimachitika bwanji? Chifukwa chiyani? Palibe yankho. Koma chifukwa cha zochitika zaubongo, akatswiri a masamu aku America ndi ku Italy adaganiza zoyenera kuchita ngati "nyama yolusa". Sanatsutsane ndi kutemberera za yemwe ali wanzeru kwambiri mwa iwo, ubongo wamalingaliro awo uli ndi dzina la onse awiri: equation ya Lotka - Volterra.

Pali zilombo zolusa, chabwino, pali ozunzidwa. Chifukwa chiyani pali zinthu zotere? Pokhapokha, zachidziwikire, awa ndi akazitape ochokera pamafilimu angapo amtundu womwewo. Ganizirani izi. Zikuwoneka kuti ndizachidziwikire kuti zilombo zimadyanso ovutika, chifukwa ndi omwe amazunzidwa. Komabe, ngakhale zinthu ngati izi zokha zitha kufotokozedwa motsatana.

Ganizirani njira yosavuta. M'malo mwa wolusa padzakhala mimbulu, m'malo mwa wozunzidwa. Akusagwira mbewu. Nyama zonse zimakhala kumalo ocheperako, koma udzu uli ndi nthawi yokulirapo, kotero kuti owerenga sakhala mu umphawi. Tsopano chotsani pazenera akazi, ana ndi kukomoka mtima. Timayamba ndikuti chiwerengero cha ma hares chikutanthauza chiwerengero cha mimbulu 3: 1. Dongosolo limakhala, ntchentche limadumphira, ndipo mmbulu umadyetsa miyendo yake. Onsewa amakula ndikusangalala ndi moyo wawo wopatsa chidwi. Ndiye kuchuluka kwa olusa amafika pamtundu winawake, iwo, monga chamoyo chilichonse, amadyetsa, kuchuluka kwa hares kumachepa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kumwa kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti anthu alibe nthawi yochira. Mwa njira, si mphamvu zonse zomwe zimapita kwa zilombo kuchokera ku hare, koma 10% yokha, chifukwa chake mmbulu umodzi umadya ma hares angapo. Zakudya zikayamba kuchepa, ndizomveka kuti nyama zomwe zimadya zayamba kufa. Izi zikupitilira mpaka kuchuluka kwa ozunzidwa kukafika pamlingo womwe chiwerengerocho chinakula. Mpaka pano, olusa akutha. Komano mimbulu yonse ndi mimbulu zimakula. Ndipo anthu akuchulukirachulukira, dzuwa likuwala, moyo ndi wokongola. Ndipo pali mimbulu yambiri, imadya maula, pali maula ochepa, mimbulu imamwaliranso. Kodi mudaziwona kale penapake? Ndikukuuzani komwe: mizere ingapo kumbuyo. Osati kuti ili ndi tsiku lonyowa, limangotuluka modzungulika.

Ndipo izi zikugwirizana bwanji ndi kompyuta? Pulogalamu yomwe idatha ya Lotka-Volterra equation imayendetsedwa imatha kupanga zithunzi zomwe, zimapereka nkhani zanga. Mutha kuwona chithunzi cha ntchitoyo, chithunzi chomwe chili, chomwe chimakhala chokhotakhota chozungulira malo osungirako, komanso gawo la gawo - chithunzi chimodzi, 3D yokha (onani ma graph 1)

Kuphatikiza pa dongosolo labwino lotere, kusintha kumatha kupangidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kuwonjezera gawo la mpikisano mkati mwake. Kodi mudachotsapo cookie yomaliza papaketi? Ndipo mimbulu imatha kuluma wina ndi mnzake. Ndipo maheya amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ana awo. Umenewo ndi moyo. Koma chithunzicho chimatuluka chosangalatsa. Pa graph, ntchito zosinthira sizofanana, matalikidwe awo amatsika mpaka kuchuluka kwake popeza kuchuluka kwa omwe amadyera komanso kugwirira ntchito kumatsika, chifukwa mpikisano wokhazikika umachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mitundu iliyonse mpaka chiwerengero cha mitundu yonseyo chikafika pa chiwerengero china, momwe nyama zimabalalika kudera lonselo kuti mpikisano wokhazikika usawawonongeretu. Pachithunzipa, izi sizingawoneke ngati chimata chotseka, koma monga zomwe tikuwona, kukoka madzi, zonse zitha kufika pamalo ano, gawo la mgwirizano ndi mtendere. (onani ma graph 2)

Ngati poyambira dongosolo lathu la kulingalira ndikungokhala malo osungirako, ndiye kuti zonse zitha kukhala njira yina kuzungulira: anthu azikula. Pazithunzithunzi, ntchito za matalikidwe zitha kuwonjezeka pakapita nthawi, ndipo pagawo likuwoneka kuti mzere wowongoka sunangodutsa pakatikati, koma kudutsa kuchokera pamenepo, ndikuwonetsa kukula kwa kuchuluka. (onani masamba 3)

Palinso mitundu ina yomwe singathe kusintha. Ndiwo mtundu wa Holling-Tanner. Ngati titatenga lingaliro lina la ozunzidwa ndi zilombo, mwachitsanzo, ngati adagawidwa mokwanira, ndiye kuti machitidwewo amayesetsa kubwerera kukhazikika. Popita nthawi, magawo ogwirizana ndi mimbulu amakhala 3: 1. Tikadakhala kuti tili ndi ming'oma iwiri ndi mimbulu iwiri, ndiye kuti mdani m'modzi sangakhale ndi anthu okwanira. Koma hares imaswana mwachangu. Ngakhale adadyedwa, anthuwa akadakhalabe ndi nthawi yokulira. Ndipo kenako kachitidweko kamabwera pazomwe zidafotokozedwapo kale. Pazithunzithunzi, titha kuwona kuwonjezeka, komanso ngakhale, nthawi zofanana. Ndipo pazithunzi, gawo lotere limakhala ndi malire. Mzerewu umayenda kuchokera pa mfundo 2.2 mpaka mkombero wake. Mzere wowongoka kuchokera pandime 3: 1 imapindika. (onani zithunzi 4)

Ngati tikuganiza kuti magawo omwe ali mu equation siopangika, koma ma coefficients omwe amadalira kuchuluka kwa ozunzidwa, chithunzicho sichikhala chosiyana. Timatenga magawo awiri omwe amadalirana wina ndi mnzake. Lolani kukhala kukhale kwa nyama zomwe zimadya komanso kubereka. Ngati machulukitsidwe ndi okwera, ndiye kuti akalulu amafunika zochepa. Popeza pali mgwirizano wosemphana pakati pa magawo, mphamvu ya mimbulu imachedwa. Magulu onse awiriwa amayamba kuchepa pang'ono pang'ono. Pa graph, matalikidwe adzachepa, kumapeto kwake kudzakhala ngati mzere wowongoka. Chifaniziro cha gawo chikuwonetsa chinthu chomwecho: mzerewu udzafika pamalo ena osakhazikika ndi zero. (onani masamba 5)

Chifukwa chake, poyang'ana ma graph, mutha "kuwerenga" mbiri yonse ya anthu. Izi ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Ndizosangalatsa kuti mitunduyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito osati pokhudzana ndi nyama, komanso zachuma, ndale, bizinesi. Mutha kukonzanso zakanema pazithunzi malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa Lotka-Volterra. Eya, sichoncho njira ina m'malo mabiliyoni a khofi? Chodalirika kwambiri.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Goatsin amadya masamba, zipatso ndi masamba a mbewu. Komabe, masamba a mbewu zaidid ndiwotchire kuti sangathe kugaya. Koma mbalameyi imakhala ndi "njira yapadera" yamatumbo, yomwe palibe woimira mbalame wina aliyense amene angadzitamande.

Goacin ali ndi kamimba kakang'ono kwambiri, koma chotupa chimakhala chachikulu komanso chokhazikika, ndichoposanso 50 kuposa mimba yomwe. Jambulayo amagawidwa m'magawo angapo, ngati m'mimba mwa ng'ombe. Apa ndipomwe kuti msuzi wonse wobiriwira wadula, kuwuma.

Njira yogaya chakudya imathandizidwa ndi mabakiteriya apadera omwe amakhala m'mimba. Komabe, njirayi siyothamanga, imatenga maola angapo. Goiter panthawiyi ikukula kwambiri kotero kuti amaposa mbalameyo.

Apa ndipomwe panali chikwama cha mpweya, chomwe chili pachifuwa cha mbuzi. Ndi chithandizo chake, mbalameyo imangokhala panthambi, ikupuma pachifuwa chake. Koma akangomaliza kukonza, wokwera amatenga kukula kwake, popeza mbuziwo imayambanso kuyenda m'njira kuti idzipatse chakudya.

Maonekedwe ndi zizolowezi

Amakonda kudya zipatso ndi masamba, ndipo izi ndi zofananira, koma, powona kuwopsa, a Goatsins amathira m'madzi, ngati mtsinje wamadzi.

Amphaka ang'onoang'ono, zikhadabo zimawoneka pamapiko, zimawathandiza kuyenda pamitengo, koma ndi zaka, zibwano izi zimatha.

Poganizira izi, sizodabwitsa kuti m'zaka za zana la 19, a Goatsins sanapatsidwe gulu la mbalame zokha, koma amadziwika kuti ndi kanthu pakati pa mbalame ndi nyama.

Pambuyo pake adayamba kuwerengedwa kuti ndi nkhuku, koma pomwe akatswiri owonera zinyama adazindikira kuti gululi ndi lolakwika, ndikuti a Goatsins adalamulidwa ndi nkhakao.

Nesting ndi ana

Zamoyo zodabwitsazi zimakhazikika m'magulu, nthawi zonse m'malo a posungira. Khola lalikulu lotere limakupatsani mwayi woperekera ufulu kwa mdani, chifukwa mbalame molimba mtima zimateteza abale awo onse, osati okha komanso ana.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti chilengedwe chinapatsa anapiye a Goatsin mwayi wodziteteza. Pakachitika ngozi, amatha kudumphira pachisa ndikugwera m'dziwe. Komanso, ana amatha kukhala pansi pa madzi mpaka kusambira pang'ono, ndikubisala pamaso pa adani. Vutoli litadutsa, anapiyewo amabwerera m'chisa, akudzithandiza ndi zikhadabo ndi mlomo.

Goacins amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Gawo la gululo la mbalame limafalikira pakati pa mamilimita 40 kuchokera ku chisa. A Goatsin aliwonse omwe amakhala kunja kwa malire awa adzatengedwa kuti ndi wakunja kwa gulu lonse.

Ana anapiye

Ngati tikumbukira momwe anapiye amakulira mwachangu ndikuchoka chisa chawo, njira yolerera ndi a Goatsins imatha kuwoneka ngati yatuluka.

M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, makanda amatetezedwa ndi makolo ndi anansi. M'chaka chachiwiri, ana amatenga gawo lodabwitsa ndi nyama - amathandizira makolo awo kuwaswa mazira, ndipo pokhapokha patatha zaka zitatu "mwana wamkazi wamkulu" amapeza wokwatirana naye ndikusiya chisa.

Adani ndi zoopsa

Koma moyo wa a Goatsins siwosasangalatsa monga momwe ungawonekere poyamba. Anansi awo oyandikana kwambiri ndi adani ndi anyani a capuchin omwe saphonya mwayi wosangalala ndi mazira awo. Goatsin amateteza zisa zawo mosasamala, koma mwatsoka, nthawi zonse samatha kupulumutsa ana amtsogolo.

Nyani zikafuna kuukira anapiye, amadziwombera m'madzi kuti adikire ngozi. Ngati muli ndi mwayi, ndiye kuti ma piranhas kapena caimans sadzawazindikira, ndipo posachedwa ana amabwerera ku chisa chawo.

Goacins ali ndi maula okongola, omwe amawoneka kutali.

Mwayi waukulu kwambiri wa a Goatsins ndikuti samayimira phindu lililonse kwa anthu. Chifukwa cha kununkhira kosasangalatsa komanso kununkhira kwa nyama, adatchedwa "mbalame zonunkha." Kwenikweni, motero, sizikupanga nzeru kuti munthu apange kusaka, ndikuthandizira kubala kwamtunduwu.

Asayansi sasiya kukangana pankhani yokhudza mamembala a Goacins omwe ali mgulu la mbalame. Ambiri amati ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mbiri yakale ya prehistoric, ndipo amapereka kuti apange gawo lina: "mbuziinobraznye".

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.