Pafupifupi mitundu 420 ya nyama, kuphatikizapo mbalame ndi ma amphibians, amakhala ku Krasnodar Territory. Zina mwa zolengedwa zamtunduwu zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.
Nyama yodziwika kwambiri ku Krasnodar Territory ndi nkhandwe wamba. Mimbulu imakhala m'matumba a anthu 8-10 ndipo ndiyowopsa kwa anthu, popeza ndiomwe imawakwiya. Maonekedwe a nkhandweyo amafanana ndi galu wamkulu, koma ambiri ndi okulirapo. Mmbulu sutha kudya mpaka masiku 4, koma zitatha izi amayesa kupeza chakudya ndipo amakhala wankhanza kwambiri akafufuza chakudya.
Nyama yachiwiri yomwe imadziwika kwambiri ndi nkhandwe. Ichi ndi nyama yaying'ono yomwe imafanana ndi mphaka wamkulu kukula. Mtundu wa nyamayi ndi wofiira, ndipo m'mimba mwayera. Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti nkhandwe zimatha kunyamula matenda owopsa - matenda a chiwewe. Chifukwa chake, pamlingo wina, nkhandwe ndizowopsa kwa anthu. Ngakhale nkhandwe imakonda kwambiri osaka chifukwa cha ubweya wake.
Ku Krasnodar Territory, nyama ina yolusa kwambiri imakhala, ndipo imatchedwa chimbalangondo. Miyeso yake ndi yayikulu kwambiri, kutalika mpaka 2 metres ndi kulemera mpaka 330 kilogalamu. Amakhala moyo wadyera, amakhala m'nkhalango zazikulu za m'nkhalango ndipo amapita kumitsinje kukapeza chakudya. Zofunanso pakati pa osaka chifukwa cha nyama ndi ubweya.
Karavayka ndi mbalame yomwe imakhala ku Krasnodar Territory. Imafanana ndi tsekwe kukula kwake, koma thupi lake ndi lochepera. Mtundu wa mbalameyi ndi wofiyira ndipo umapita mchira wake wobiriwira kwambiri.
Steppe chiwombankhanga - nthumwi yayikulu ya mtundu wa chiwombankhanga, imakhala m'chigawo chokulirapo cha Krasnodar Territory. Ndi mbalame yodya nyama, motero, imakonda kusaka nyama zazing'ono, makamaka, ma voles. Mapiko a chiwombankhanga chopondera ukufika pamtunda wa mamita awiri, ndipo kulemera kwake kumaposa kilogalamu 3. Ili ndi utoto wakuda komanso maso akuda.
Njira yachiwiri
Chifukwa cha nyengo yosangalatsa, nyama za ku Krasnodar Territory ndizochulukirapo komanso zosiyanasiyana. Oyimira bwino kwambiri pa zilumba za Krasnodar Territory amadziwika kuti ndianthu ngati agwape, agwape, zimbalangondo zofiirira, nyalugwe, ankhandwe, nkhandwe, timadontho ta Caucasian, mimbulu, agologolo oyenda pansi, akhungu am'miyendo ndi ena ambiri.
Zimbalangondo za brown zomwe zimakhala ku Krasnodar Territory ndizizilombo zowopsa. Amatha kulemera mpaka ma kilogalamu 300, ndikukula pafupifupi mamita awiri. Bear brown zimakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 40. Komanso m'nkhalango za Krasnodar Territory pali ma lynxes. Amakula kupitirira mita imodzi, amakhala ndi fungo lofooka kwambiri, koma kumva bwino komanso kumva bwino.
Munkhalango zowola, mitengo yamapiri ndi tchirepo pamakhala mwayi wowona nyalugwe. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri kwambiri, chifukwa pafupifupi amachoka ku Krasnodar Territory. Koma nyalugwe zimatha kukumana m'malo omwe sanakhudzidwe ndi dzanja la munthu. Feline yachilendo iyi ili ndi mtundu wokongola wagolide wokhala ndi mawanga akuda. Kukula kwakuthupi ndi masentimita 120-170, kutalika kwa chinyama chachikulu kumatha kufika masentimita 76, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi kilogalamu 70.
Mu phirili - nkhalango yolumikizana ndi mitengo yomwe mumakumana ndi roe deer - kalulu kakang'ono kwambiri ku Kuban. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama zabwinozi ndi mainchesi 110-120, ndipo kutalika kwake kufota ndi pafupifupi masentimita 70. Komanso m'mapiri mumakhala nyama zamanyazi kwambiri - chamois. Kulemera kwamunthu wamkulu ndi 34 kilogalamu. Kusaka kwa Chamois kuli koletsedwa, komabe anthu osaka nyama amafa nyama zingapo chaka chilichonse. Adani achilengedwe a Roe ndi chamois ndi mimbulu, lynxes, zimbalangondo zofiirira ndi zina zazikulu zomwe zimadya, kuphatikiza mbalame zakudya.
Kuyambira kumpoto kwa mapiri mpaka kunyanja, nkhumba zakuthengo zimakhala kumadzulo kwa Black Sea. Nyama zikuluzikuluzi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi buluzi wokulirapo, kumapeto kwake. Kulemera kwa amuna akuluakulu kumatha kufika ma kilogalamu 250, ndipo akazi - 150 kilogalamu.
Njati zam'mapiri zimakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Belaya ndi Malaya Laba.
Nyama izi zili mu Buku Lofiyira la Krasnodar Territory. Njati ndi nyama zazikulu. Kutalika kwa chinyama chachikulu kumatha kufika masentimita 180, ndipo kukula kwa thupi kumafika masentimita 330. Kulemera kwa amuna ndi pafupifupi kilogalamu 600, ndipo zazikazi zimalemera pafupifupi 200 kilogalamu.
Ku Turasory ya Krasnodar, mitundu iwiri ya martens imapezeka. M'madambo ndi m'miyala mwala marten amakhala. Amatchedwa "khanda loyera", chifukwa marten wamtunduwu ali ndi khungu loyera pakhosi pake. Pine marten amakonda kupewa malo okhala anthu ndikukhalanso kunkhalango. Imakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni komanso malo pakhosi pazithunzi zingapo zofiira. Pachifukwa ichi adatchedwa "mwana wachikaso". Kutalika kwa thupi kumafikira masentimita 58.
Kudera la mitsinje ya Kuban ndi Kuma, timakhala tating'ono. Kunja, amawoneka ngati onyentchera kapena mbewa. Amakhala ndi thupi lotha kusinthasintha, miyendo yayifupi ndi nembanemba pakati pa zala. Ma otterawa ndi osambira abwino komanso osiyanasiyana, amasaka nsomba ndipo amakonda kuzichita usiku.
Zomera za ku Krasnodar Territory ndizosiyanasiyana komanso zosakanikirana. Mitundu yopitilira 80 ya zinyama, pafupifupi mitundu 300 ya mbalame, nsomba zambiri, nyama zapamadzi zambiri komanso zokwawa padziko lapansi pano. Pakati pawo pali nyama zambiri zosowa zomwe simumapezeka m'malo ena.
1, 2, 3, 4, 6 kalasi. Buku Lofiyira
Mitu Yotchuka Yamauthenga
Copper ndi chitsulo chomwe, mosiyana ndi zitsulo zina zambiri, kupatula golide, osmium ndi cesium, chilibe mtundu wa imvi kapena siliva, koma mtundu wagolide wokhala ndi tint yapinki. Pakachulukitsa, mtundu wamkuwa umakhala wofiyira.
Magnolia ndi imodzi mwazomera zakale kwambiri. Asayansi apeza zotsalira za maluwa amenewa, omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 140,000. Chomera ichi chimawoneka ngati chitsamba kapena mtengo ndipo chimakhala ndi masamba akulu okulira mpaka mita imodzi.
Mwachilengedwe, ma pike ndi olusa. Inasandulika bingu lamadzi osati mitsinje yokha, komanso nyanja. Malo awa akhala kwathunthu kwa nsomba'zi. Amadzisankhira dziwe, lomwe payenera kukhala mabango ndi osiyanasiyana
Chimbalangondo cha brown
Mosakayikira, uyu ndiye mdani wamkulu komanso woopsa kwambiri yemwe amakhala pano. M'malo abwino, kulemera kwa thupi la nyama ndi pafupifupi 350 kg. Chilombocho chikadzuka pamiyendo yake yakumbuyo, thupi lake limatalikirana mpaka pafupifupi mamita awiri. Mu chithunzi ichi ndi nyama ya Krasnodar Territory chimawoneka bwino ndikuwonetsetsa.
Akatswiri a zaumoyo amakhulupirira kuti zimbalangondo ndizanzeru kwambiri. Kutha kukumbukira ndi kusanja zambiri pazambiri ndizodabwitsa. Koma luntha la oimira chilombo pamtunduwu limakhala lotsika kwambiri kwa anzawo "obisika", omwe amatha kuphunzitsidwa.
Brown chimbalangondo ndimtchire womwe umakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalangozi zomwe zimapezeka zitsamba, mitengo ndi udzu. Samaphatikizana ndi anthu ena kuti apange gulu, chifukwa amasankha kukhala moyo wayekha.
Zoology amati chimbalangondo cha bulauni ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama zodabwitsa, 70% ya zakudya zake ndi zitsamba, mtedza ndi zipatso. Nyama ikakhala ndi njala, imatha kudya mokondwela, pacmunk kapena gopher yemwe wabwera kudzakumana naye. Sichinyoza nyerere. Komabe, chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri chimbalangondo chofiirira sichidali chatsopano. Chifukwa cha maudindo ake khumi, amawutulutsa mosavuta padziwe.
Njati zam'mapiri
Ichi ndi choyimira china cha nyama, wokhala kumapiri ndi mapiri. Njati - chinyama cha Red Book of the Krasnodar Territory. Ndi imodzi mwazinyama zazikulu kwambiri ku Europe.
Akatswiri a zaumoyo amatha kuona kuti chilombo chachikuluchi chimatha kusintha modabwitsa. Mwa njira, imatha kupezeka m'dera lokwezeka pamwamba pamalo a nyanja ndi oposa 1500 metres.
Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi kuyambira 1.5 mpaka 2.2 metres. Ngati zinthu zachilengedwe zili zabwino, ndiye kuti munthuyo akhoza kulemera kuposa 550 kg. Nyama yayikuluyi imakhala ndi ubweya wakhungu kwambiri, chifukwa chake imatha kusunga kutentha ngakhale kutentha kwambiri.
Mtundu wa ubweya ndi woderapo kapena wodera. Chochititsa chidwi: kukwera kutentha kwa pamlengalenga, kupepuka kwa ubweya wa njati yam'mapiri. Wokhala mdera lino amakhala wosiyanitsidwa ndi ena ndi mutu waukulu kwambiri. Chifukwa cha tsitsi lalitali pakati pakataya pachifuwa, zikuwoneka kuti ali ndi ndevu.
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwaposachedwa, kulibenso njati zamapiri zopitilira 3,500 zomwe zatsala Padziko Lapansi. Kuti achulukitse kuchuluka kwawo, ntchito zambiri zochizira nyama zachitapo kanthu popanga malo osungira njati.
Caucasian chamois
izo nyama wokhala ku Krasnodar Territory, wamanyazi kwambiri. Sizovuta kuti munthu aziganizire, chifukwa, ndi kukhudzika kotere, zimatha kuthamangira kutali. Ngati chamois ikuwopa, imapanga mawu ake, amakumbutsa kwambiri mzungu wa munthu.
Kusamala pamakhalidwe kunalola kuti ma chamois aku Caucasus akhazikitse liwiro la pafupifupi 60 km pa ola limodzi. Ichi ndi nyama yothamanga modabwitsa. Koma sayenera kulumikizana ndi munthu pafupipafupi, chifukwa nthawi zambiri anthu samakwera mapiri. Ndipo ndipamene chamois amakhala.
Mwa mawonekedwe ake, chilombochi chikufanana ndi mbuzi. Nyama izi zimakhala ndi miyeso ndi nyanga zofanana. Ma chamois aku Caucasus ali ndi nyanga zazing'ono zokutira kumbuyo kwawo. Ndizonda kwambiri kuposa mbuzi ya kumapiri. Kulemera kwake kumatha kufika 45 kg. Chosangalatsa cha nyamayi: nthawi yozizira, ubweya wake umakula nthawi 1.5. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yozizira, amasintha mtundu.
Mapazi akulu akulu amathandizira kukulitsa liwiro la chimais cha Caucasian. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti thupi la nyamayi ndi yochepa kwambiri. Chamois ndi chinyama cha herbivore. Zakudya zake zimakhala ndi udzu wachichepere, masamba ndi mitengo. Mdani wamkulu wa chilombochi ndi wolusa wa ku Krasnodar - chimbalangondo chofiirira. Koma chamois nthawi zambiri chimakhala chofunkha cha lynx kapena nyalugwe.
Chikopa
Mndandanda nyama zakutchire za Krasnodar Territory kubwezeretsa nyalugwe, nyama yothamanga kwambiri komanso yolondola kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri azowona ndi nyama, woimira chilombochi ndi amodzi okongola kwambiri. Koma aliyense amamudziwa kuti ndi wothamanga bwino kwambiri. Komabe, kuthamanga kwambiri sikuti ndi mwayi wokhawo wa chilombochi, kutsimikizira kusuntha.
Leopards amakwera mitengo mokongola, ngakhale yayitali kwambiri. Ndipo nyama izi zimatha kukwera mwala mosavuta. Nthawi zambiri sizotheka kuwona kambuku m'madzi, chifukwa, monga nyama zambiri za mphaka, amawopa kunyowa. Chilombo chimabwera kuchisungiko pokhapokha ngati chimva ludzu lamphamvu.
Kusiyanitsa nyalugwe ndi "amphaka ena" ndikosavuta. Thupi lake limakutidwa ndi chovala chachifupi chamtundu wagolide, pomwe pali mawanga akuda amiyeso yosiyanasiyana. M'nyengo yozizira, chovala chake chimakhala chachikulu.
Nyalugwe imakhazikika kumapeto kwamtunda, komwe kumamera zitsamba zambiri komanso mitengo yabwino. Ichi ndi nyama yolusa, yomwe nyama zake zimadyera, chamois, nkhumba zakutchire, etc. Nthawi zambiri, kambuku imadya abuluzi. Mwachilengedwe, izi zimachitika pokhapokha masana sanapeze nyama yayikulu. Akatswiri a zaumunthu amati nyalugwe ndi nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kukhala ku Krasnodar Territory.
Makoswe
Chiwerengero cha makoswe kuthengo ndi chachikulu, koma nawonso ali m'gulu Ziweto za ku Krasnodar Territory, ngati agalu ndi amphaka. Khoswe ndi chirombo chanzeru. Kuti mutsimikizire izi, ingoyang'anani machitidwe ake.
Nyama iyi imadziwika ndi luso lochita zinthu mogwirizana ndi anthu. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuthengo, kapena kunyumba, sakhala okha. Munthu akakhala ndi khola m'chikwere, amapempha manja nthawi ndi nthawi, popeza silingasungulumwenso.
Mbali ya nyamayi, monga makoswe ambiri, ndikukula kwamano nthawi zonse. Inde, mano amakula moyo wawo wonse. Chifukwa chake, amakakamizika kupukuta mwadongosolo pamalo olimba.
Khoswe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "tizilombo," chifukwa chimatafuna kukhoma, pazitseko, makabati, komanso ngakhale chikole chake. Koma, kwenikweni, samachita izi popanda vuto, koma mwakufuna kwake, chifukwa ngati chiweto sichikukuta mano ake, chimakula kwambiri, zomwe zingapangitse kuti pasadakhale chakudya.
Ponena za zakudya za makoswe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti ndizosokoneza. Nyamayo imasangalala ndi kaloti watsopano, chidutswa cha nyama, phala kapena mbatata ndi chisangalalo chachikulu. Koma ndikofunikira kupatsa chakudya chamagulu ndi makoswe ndi chisamaliro chachikulu, chifukwa izi zimatha kubowola. Gawo lalikulu la khola lanyumba liyenera kukhala chakudya chamagulu.
Caucasian lynx
Mosakayikira, lynx ndiye woimira wokongola komanso wachisomo kwambiri pa nyama zonse zaku Krasnodar. Chilombo ichi chimasiyanitsidwa ndi ena ndi nyambo yonyada komanso yodalirika. Tsoka ilo, ali pafupi kutha.
Mukuthamanga kwake, lynx imakhala yotsika kwambiri ku kambuku, komanso imathamanga kwambiri. Ngati nyama yolusa imeneyi yasankha nyama, ndiye kuti mwayi wobisala ndiyochepa. Lynx amalemera kuyambira 7 mpaka 13 kg. Mwa izi nyama yachilendo ya Krasnodar Territory yodziwika ndi makutu ataliitali ofanana ndi ngayaye.
Caucasian lynx imadziwikanso ndi ubweya wandiweyani wandiweyani. China chake chazomwe chimapezeka pamtunduwu ndi mchira waufupi, mpaka 25 cm. Lynx samakonda kugwirira ng'ombe ndi nkhosa, koma, ndi njala yayikulu, amatha kulowa m'dera la ziweto.
Kuthengo, nyama yolusa imeneyi imagwirira makoswe, masewera ang'onoang'ono komanso mbalame. Chilombo sichimadya kawirikawiri wogwirirayo, chimakonda kukola. Ngati masana alephera kupeza chakudya chochuluka, chilombocho chimadya nyama. Mwa njira, kuti mukwaniritse njala kwathunthu, Caucasus lynx iyenera kudya 2 kg yatsopano nyama.
Dudak (wophulika)
Malo okondedwa a mbalameyi ndi msipu. Ngati mukuwona koyamba nthawi yoyamba, ndiye kuti mungamve kuti ndi phokoso lalikulu. Pali zochitika zambiri zowoneka pakati pa mbalame ziwirizi.
Kutsogolo kwa mbalameyi kulijambulidwa utoto woyera ngati chipale chofewa, komanso khosi lake. Koma gawo la dorsal limakhazikika. Bustard ndiwopambana. Itha kusangalala ndi zitsamba ndi tizilombo.
Mbalameyi ndiyotchuka pakusaka. Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 19, kuwombera kwa ziboliboli kudakulirakulira, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti maonekedwe ake achepe. Chifukwa chake, adaganiziridwa kuti azigawa khola ngati mbalame yomwe ili pangozi.
Ali ndi thupi lalikulu. Kuti muwonetsetse izi, ndikokwanira kulabadira khosi lalitali komanso lonse la bustard, komanso sternum yake yayikulu. Kulemera kwa mbalame yotero kumachokera ku 7 mpaka 15 kg. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kosangalatsa, imayenda pang'onopang'ono. Mwa njira, pamiyendo ya asshole - 3 zala.
Chochititsa chidwi: mosiyana ndi mbalame zambiri, bustard pafupifupi samapanga mawu. Amakhala chete ngakhale atachita mantha. Komabe, akatswiri a zochizira nyama amati, nthawi yakukhwima, mbewa zamphongo, kuyesera kukopa zazikazi, zimayimba muluzi, koma zimatha kumveka kuchokera patali kwambiri.
Chiwombankhanga chagolide
Mbalame yachilendoyi imafanana ndi kambuku. Ali ndi mtundu wofanana ndi thupi komanso nthenga zofanana. Komabe, chiwombankhanga chagolide sichiri kaphokoso konse, koma chiwombankhanga. Mwa njira, ndiye woimira wamkulu kwambiri wamtunduwu.
Ndizosatheka kukumana ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide pamalo otseguka, chifukwa amakonda kukhala m'madera otsekedwa ndi mapiri ndi mitengo. Mbalameyi nthawi zonse imapewa anthu. Chiwombankhanga chagolide ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zochepa zomwe zimakonda kupanga maukwati amoyo. Mwachilengedwe, izi zimatchedwa "monogamy."
Popeza mbalameyi ndi amodzi mwa makola, makulidwe apakatikati mwachitsanzo, makoswe, amakhala chakudya chawo nthawi zambiri. Sichingachitike kuti nyama zikafike pachisa cha chiwombankhanga chagolide, chifukwa chimawululira pathanthwe osagwera.
Mtundu wamtunduwu wa chiwombankhanga sindiwo wokulirapo, komanso wamphamvu kwambiri. Chiwombankhanga chagolide chikuwoneka bwino kwambiri, kwinaku chikufalitsa mapiko ake okongola kwambiri. Chowoneka chochititsa chidwi: chiwombankhanga chachikazi chachikuda ndi chokulirapo nthawi 1.5 kuposa chachimuna. Chifukwa chamawonedwe ake abwino, nyama yolusa imeneyi imatha kusaka masewera osati masana, komanso usiku.
Weasel
Sikuti zonse zolusa nyama za ku Krasnodar Territory Amadzitamandira modabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, weasel ndi m'modzi mwa oimira ochepa nyama zoyamwitsa. Kuderali, ndizomwe zimadya kwambiri.
Chokongola ndi chokongola, poyang'ana koyamba, nyamayo imakhala ndi khosi lalitali, chifukwa chake imawunikira bwino kwambiri pamtunda uliwonse. Mwakukula kwake ndi mtundu wa tsitsi, weasel ali ngati erm, komabe, izi ndi nyama zosiyana.
Pa nthambi zake zilizonse zazifupi pali timiyendo takuthwa kwambiri, tomwe nyama yolusa imalowerera kwambiri. Weasel ikawopa, imafanana ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Izi ndichifukwa cha tiziwalo timene timapezeka kumbuyo kwa mchira.
Ubweya wa nyamayi umakhala ndi kachulukidwe kofananira nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Koma mtundu wake, komabe, umatengera nyengo. Kuzizira kumakhala pamsewu, kowala mtundu wachikondi. M'nyengo yozizira, imaphatikizana ndi chipale chofewa, chifukwa chikhoto chake chimakhala choyera.
Weasel ndi nyama yokhayokha, sichimalumikizana ndi oimira ena a mitundu yake, kupatula nyengo yakubzala. Kanyama kakang'ono kameneka kamapewa madera okhala anthu ambiri, ndikusankha kukhala ndi moyo wokha. Komabe, milandu yokhazikitsa madera a weasel amadziwika.
Ngakhale imakhala yotseka pang'ono, nyamayi imayenda mwachangu kwambiri, osati pansi, komanso madzi komanso mtengo. Ngati adasankha nyama, ndiye kuti akumvanso. Mwa njira, weasel amasaka nthawi iliyonse masana.
Mphaka wamtchire
Woimira wina wa "mphaka" wa nyama. Mphaka wamtchire ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi zoweta, koma ndi zokulirapo komanso lolimba. Ndipo amasiyana ndi mnzake wowonda m'njira zokulira. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zomwe zakhudzidwa, mphaka wa m'nkhalango nthawi zambiri amapanga mawu osiyanasiyana, kuchokera pakumapeto mpaka kutsika. Inde, izi ndi nyama zaphokoso.
Lero, mphaka wamtchire walembedwa mu Buku Lofiira ngati nyama zomwe zili pangozi. Thupi la nyama yoteroyo limatha kutalika pafupifupi 1.5 metres, lomwe ndi lalikulu kwambiri kuposa mphaka wam'nyumba. Akazi amphaka amtchire ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa amuna (mpaka 90 cm).
Utali ndi kutalika kwa tsitsi la nyama zimasiyana ndi nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira, imakhala yayitali komanso yofooka kuposa nthawi yotentha. Chifukwa cha izi, nyamayi siyimasamba. Monga nyama zambiri zamtundu wa amphaka, mphaka wamtchire amakhala wakhama pantchito kuyambira mochedwa mpaka m'mawa. Masana pafupifupi nthawi zonse amagona.
Ndipo mphaka wamkulu uyu amasiyana ndi mphaka wakunyumba chifukwa amakhala womasuka m'madzi. Inde, nyamayo imasambira bwino, koma sizitanthauza kuti imayendera matupi amadzi tsiku lililonse. Mphaka wamtchire - imodzi mwazidole kwambiri za Krasnodar, yemwe zakudya zake zimakhala pheasants, abuluzi kapena mbalame.
Curly pelican
Pelican ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zomwe zimasamukira, ndiye kuti sizimagona malo amodzi, zimakonda kudziwa malo atsopano. Mbali yodziwika bwino yamtunduwu ndi mulomo waukulu komanso gawo lalikulu la lalanje. Mtundu wa nthenga za mbalameyi ndi zoyera.
Mphezi yokhotakhota idatchedwa chifukwa chamadzi owuma pang'ono pamutu. Mbalame yokhala ndi tsitsi ili ndi mchira waifupi kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona kuthawa kokongola kwamtambo wa curly pelican. Mwa njira, kukula kwathunthu kwamapiko ake okongola ndi mita 3.5. Mbalameyi imakonda kwambiri madzi. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kukumana ndi chithaphwi chamagulu am'madzi am'madzimo, omwe amasambira pafupi ndi abale ake. Kuti ayambe kusambira, iye amatambasula miyendo yake ndipo amawabweza mwamphamvu ndi madzi.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mbalame yokongola yayikuluyi ili ndi mawu osasangalatsa, otikumbutsa grunt ya munthu wosasangalatsa. Ndi gawo la mbalame zosambira zomwe zimakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Komabe, mwachilengedwe, zochitika za moyo wapawiri za ma curic pelicans zalembedwa. Chosangalatsa: Mimbulu yokhayo ndikupanga chisa limodzi. Akaziwo amaika bango ndikusiya mulu umodzi, ndipo yamphongo imabweretsa 'zinthu' zopangira chisa kwa iye.
Ferret Bandage
Nyama yaying'ono iyi yofiyira imaphatikizira zojambula za chikopa ndi chikondi: thupi lokwera, miyendo yayifupi ndi khosi lalitali. Dzina lachiwiri la nyama yotere ndi "steppe ferret". "Khadi lake loyitanitsa" ndi mchira wautali wopendekera, chifukwa chomwe nyamayo imayendayenda mosavuta mdera lililonse. Chofunikira chofunikira cha ferret kumalo omwe akukhala ndi chinyezi chochepa. Sakonda kukwera zitsamba kapena udzu wamtali. Chakudya chokoma cha steppe ferret ndi makoswe.
Mtundu wa nyama ndiwosangalatsa. Pa thupi lake lofiirira-pali maonekedwe akuda achikuda osiyanasiyana. Chinyama chodyerachi chimakhala m'mabowo. Chifukwa cha maudindo ake khumi, amatha kulowa pansi mosavuta, ndikudumphira m'mizere yayitali, ngati mole. Kulemera kwa nguluwe yonyamula mafuta kumafikira pafupifupi magalamu 700.
Raccoon
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinyama zomwe zili paphiri la Krasnodar. Raccoon ndi nyama yokhala pakati pakatikati ndipo ubweya wake ndi wautali komanso wandiweyani. Tikuthokoza, samazizira, ngakhale kutentha kwambiri.
Ubweya wopindika wa raccoon ndiwofunika kwambiri, koma anthu ambiri amayamba ngati ng'ombe. Monga chiweto, raccoon yadzitsimikizira modabwitsa. Kumbali inayo, ndi nyama yomwe ili ndi nzeru komanso yophunzitsira, yomwe imakonda kuphatikizidwa ndi mwini wakeyo, koma, kumbali yake, imayesetsa kunyowa, kuba, kapena kukhala pansi.
Mwakukula, raccoon ali ngati mphaka wamkulu. Komabe, chifukwa cha ubweya wake wautali komanso wonenepa, umawoneka wokulirapo. Kulemera kwa nyama ndi 7-8 kg. Raccoon-striper wapanga mtsogolo, zomwe ndizokumbukira kwambiri mawonekedwe a munthu. Ndi chithandizo chawo, amatha kugwirira zinthu zosiyanasiyana mokoma, komanso kuwatsuka m'madzi.
Pali ma fodya ambiri mu Krasnodar Territory. Amakhala makamaka m'malo a nkhalango. Koma kusowa kwa chakudya kumakankhira nyamayo kuti ipeze malo okhala. Izi zidachitika ndi raccoon, yemwe, pofunafuna zokulitsa gawo la malowo, adapita kumapiri akomweko.
Zosenda zoveka
Ichi ndi mbewa yokongola kwambiri, yomwe thupi lake limakutidwa ndi mawanga oyera mumiyeso yosiyanasiyana. Mtundu wa chovala cha nyama ndi bulauni. Mthunzi wa chovala cha Dorsal ndi wolemera. Chimakhala chakuyandikira nthawi yozizira.
Chochititsa chidwi! Mankhwala, nyanga za agwape ndi zamtengo wapatali. Amapanga mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ambiri.
Sika deer ndi chinyama cha herbivore chomwe chimadya masamba, ma hazelnuts ndi ma acorn. Munkhalango za Krasnodar mumakhala chakudya chochuluka cha nyama iyi. M'nyengo yozizira, ngwazi nthawi zambiri zimakumba mu chisanu kwa nthawi yayitali kuti mupeze mtedza kapena ma acorn.
Nthawi zambiri samadya nsomba. Nthawi zambiri, mbawala imamuyang'anira ngati asambitsidwa kumtunda. Komanso, sikuti amasankha kutengera zitsamba kapena nkhanu zosambitsidwa mumchenga. Sika deer ndi chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri a mimbulu. M'maderamo, amakumana ndi adani oopsa tsiku lililonse.
Chilombo chokongola komanso chonyadirachi chimakwaniritsa mndandanda wa nyama zodyera ku Krasnodar. Kukula kwake, nkhandwe imapambana kwambiri kuposa galu woweta. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi woopsa komanso wankhanza kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuti mimbulu ilambe kununkhira yemwe wasankhidwa, ndipo sangabisike kwa iye. Pafupifupi samazunza anthu, chifukwa amawopa, podziwa kuti munthu amene wakungoyenda m'nkhalangoyi mwina ali ndi zida.
Mmbulu ndi gulu la nyama. Pa gulu limodzi, pali anthu 4 mpaka 12. Pa paketi iliyonse, maudindo ochezera amagawidwa momveka bwino. Pali mtsogoleri, malinga ndi olowa m'malo, iye ndiye woyamba. Amakhala wamwamuna wamkulu kwambiri komanso wamphamvu kwambiri. Mtsogoleri akakwanitsa, amuna ena okhala mumpingowu atha kumutsutsa. Mtsogoleriyo ali ndi ufulu wosankha wamkazi wabwino kwambiri.
Pali milandu yodziwika ya "kulimbana mwanzeru" kwa mimbulu pamakola a agalu osaka. Mtsogoleri wachikazi (kapena nkhandwe iriyonse muphukusi) amawalowetsa agalu m'khola mwake, pomwe mimbulu ina yonse imawaukira. Mwazi wamagazi, koma ndi chiani chomwe mungayembekezere kuchokera kwa olusa onyenga awa?
Mmbulu uli ndi mano akuthwa kwambiri, omwe amalowerera kwambiri m'thupi la womenyedwayo. Iwo okha, amasaka kawirikawiri. Kuchokera ku madzi oundana amphamvu a Krasnodar, nzika yotereyi imatetezedwa ndi ubweya wautali komanso wandiweyani. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwake, nkhandwe imawoneka yayikulupo. Chochititsa chidwi - tsitsi la nkhandwe - ndizosavomerezeka ndi madzi.
Popeza nkhandwe ndi nyama yomwe ikusendayenda, pamakina ake pamamveka mawu osiyanasiyana osonyeza momwe akumvera. Akangolira modabwitsa, amatha kuchenjeza abalewo za zakudya zomwe zili pafupi kapena ngozi yomwe ikubwera. Ponena za kulira kwa nkhandwe yapaderadera, mtsogoleri yekha ndi amene angatumikire izi.
Maluso olumikizana ndi nkhandwe ndizodabwitsa. Mokondweretsa, munthu aliyense amadzidziwitsa yekha kuti ndi gulu la gulu linalake. Chochititsa chidwi china chokhudza nyama izi: chifukwa cha luso lake lodabwitsa kuti lizolowere nyengo yakunja, nkhandwe imatha kuyenda ma kilomita angapo, ikusiya pake, koma kenako ibwerera osataya njira yobwerera.
Otter
Inde, ku Krasnodar Territory kuli mitundu yambiri ya zilombo, mndandanda womwe umakwaniritsidwa ndi otter, nyama yaying'ono yamtundu wofiirira. Chifukwa chake, nyakwawa imakonda nyanja.
Ngati mupita ku imodzi mwa malo osungirako a Krasnodar, musadabwe kuwona otter pagombe lake. Amasankha bwino pankhani ya gawo la mudzi. Wotchukayo amakonda kwambiri gombe loyera.
Kwa madzi akuda, osanunkhira bwino, sakukwanira. Chifukwa chakutha kusambira ndi kulowa m'madzi, otter wapeza dzina la "Krasnodar River Predator". Komabe, chikondi cha voditsa sichinapange chilombochi kukhala nsomba. Wotchera amakhala pabowo. Anthu ena adazolowera kumanga nyumba zawo kotero kuti iwo adapita padziwe.
Nyama zam'madzi zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi thupi lalikulu kwambiri, chifukwa zimayenda mosavuta m'madzi, ngakhale pali magetsi amphamvu. Chowoneka chochititsa chidwi - mutatha mating, chachimuna chachimuna sichimasiya chachikazi. Onsewo amayembekeza kubadwa kwa ana, pambuyo pake amawaphunzitsa. Tsoka ilo, kuchuluka kwa otters ku Krasnodar kukuchepa chaka chilichonse, zomwe zimakakamiza olamulira kupanga zisankho zofuna kubwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwawo.
Marten
Wotsala wina pano. Kukula kwa marten wapakati kukula kumafika masentimita 60. Kupukutira kwake kumakutidwa pang'ono mpaka m'mphepete. Ndipo nyamayo imakhala ndi zibwano zakuthwa, kuzilola kuti zigwire mwamphamvu. M'maponda am'deralo, anthu akuda komanso abulauni amapezeka.
Akatswiri a zoologists amati chodabwitsa cha marten - luso lamoto loyenda bwino la kutsogolo. Nyama imawanyamula pamlingo wa mwana wamng'ono. Ngakhale nyama yomwe imadya imakhala kuti ndi yoopsa, nyama yanyama ndi yosangalala. Akazi amtunduwu akabadwa, amatha kusewera nawo kwa maola ambiri, kunamizira kusewera mwamwano.
Mwa njira, pamene ofera akukhala mayi, kuchuluka kwake kwaukali kwachilengedwe kumakwera. Panthawi imeneyi, zimatha kugwiranso munthu. Nyama yaikazi, yomwe yabereka posachedwa, malingaliro a kudzisungira amasowa. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikusamalira ana.
Zakudya za nyama yaing'onoting'ono yaying'ono iyi imapangidwa ndi mazira a mbalame, makoswe ochepa ndi mbalame. Ndiwe magazi okwanira magazi omwe, asanaphe wophedwayo, amathyoka. Ndipo wofera nthawi zambiri amamwetsa magazi kuchokera kwa amene amamuvutitsa, omwe alibe nthawi yoti afe.
Toadstool
Mbalameyi ndi m'modzi wokonda madzi. Chifukwa chiyani amatchedwa chishalo? Sizinena zakusokonekera kwake, machitidwe ake ankhanza kapena chidwi chowononga. Bakha ankatchedwa "toadstool" chifukwa cha nyama yopanda ubweya, yomwe siliyonse mwa mbalame. M'malo mwake, imafanana ndi nyama ya nsomba, kuwonjezera apo, osati pakulawa, komanso kununkhira.
Kutumiza kwa mtundu wamtunduwu kwa bakha ndi zoona pang'ono. Openda zinyama ambiri amavomereza kuti mafuta amtunduwu ndi mbalame zosiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa bakha wamba.
Mlomo wa mbalame ndiwolunjika, wachikasu. Pamwamba pamutu, imakhala ndi tinthu tating'ono ta utoto wakuda. Mafuta akuda akuda amayambira thupi la mafuta. Nthenga zofiirira zofiirira sizowoneka bwino m'khosi mwake. Chinthu chinanso cha bakha wonenepa ndi maso ake ofiira. Mtundu wamtunduwu umakonda kukhala chisa pamadziwe otsekeka komanso osaya, komwe kulibe.
Lake gull
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazing'onoting'ono kwambiri, zomwe zimasiyana ndi zina m'thupi lake locheperako. Kulemera kwa thupi lake laling'ono kumafikira 250 g. Gull-mutu wakuda amakonda kugwirizanitsa ndi mbalame zina monga iwonso, ndikupanga magulu akuluakulu.
"Khadi loyitanitsa" lamtunduwu ndi kupezeka kwa mawanga awiri akuda kumadera akumidzi ndi parietal. Mwa njira, amasowa ndi kuzizira kwamphamvu. Kukula kwakukulu, nkhanu zam'madzi zimakopeka ndi swamp. Chifukwa chake, ndi pomwe akukonda neste.
Chosangalatsa cha mitunduyi ndikuti anapiye amtundu wa mbalame amakula msanga. Amasiya amayi ake milungu iwiri atabadwa. Zakudya za mbalameyi zimakhala ndi zipatso, nyama zopanda chilala, midges ngakhale makoswe ang'onoang'ono.
Mpheta
Ndipo aliyense amadziwa mbalame yanthete komanso yothamanga iyi. Kufalikira ku Russia konsekonse. Ngakhale mpheta yake ili ndi mphamvu, mpheta imakhala yozungulira. Pankhondo yanyumba yazakudya, iye amagonjetsa nkhunda mosavuta.
Akatswiri a zojambula zam'mimba amati nthanda ndi kuchuluka kwa mbalame zomwe zimakhazikika, zomwe, ngakhale zimathamanga kwambiri, nthawi zambiri zimayenda pamiyendo yayifupi. Oimira ena amtunduwu amayenda mtunda wautali ndikudumpha.
Thupi laling'ono la mpheta limafika pang'ono masentimita 15. Mtundu wa iwo ndi motley. Tonsefe timadziwa mbalameyi ngati ma pogo, koma anthu achikasu komanso maolivi amapezeka mwachilengedwe. Chosangalatsa: Moyo wa mbalamezi zimatengera munthu, chakudya, mayendedwe ake komanso moyo wake wonse. Mwachilengedwe, izi zimatchedwa "synanthropization." Mwachidule, mpheta ndi amodzi mwa anthu omwe amakhala nawo nthawi zonse.
Koma kuyanjana koteroko ndi munthu sikungolimbikitsa chiyembekezo. Mpheta ndi chimodzi mwazilombo zoyambirira zomwe zimawononga mbewu. Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka zana la 20, China idachitapo kanthu kuti ziwononge. Komabe, izi sizinathe ndi zabwino zilizonse kwa alimi, chifukwa vuto linanso linapezeka m'minda - dzombe. Mpheta, zikudya gawo la mbewu, zidawonongeratu tizilombo. Chifukwa chake, achi China adalibe chosankha koma kugula mbalamezi kumayiko ena.
Owl ndi m'modzi mwa asodzi odziwika kwambiri a kuthengo. Inde, ndi mbalame yodya nyama, yomwe nthawi zambiri ngakhale nyama zazikulu zimadyedwa. Amasaka usiku wokha, ndipo masana amakonda kugona.
Kadzidzi kumadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yokongola, yomwe thupi lake lonse limakutidwa ndi nthenga zazikulu zofanana ndi fluff. Pali mitundu yambiri ya owond, koma onsewa ndi olumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe amodzi - maso akulu akuda omwe mdani wawo amayang'ana kuti awagwire. Kadzidzi amakhala ndi maso abwino kwambiri, motero amasaka masewera usiku wakuda.
Mwa njira, kuti akhale m'modzi mwa aluso anzeru kwambiri, amathandizidwa ndikuthawa kwathunthu. Kadzidzi akauluka, simungamve chilichonse. Kuperewera kwa mitundu yowoneka bwino kumamuthandiza kudzilimbitsa m'chilengedwe.
Chosaka mbalame chokongola ichi sikuti tizingoyendetsa mwakachetechete, komanso kulira kokweza, komwe kumaperekedwa pofuna kuwopseza wogwirayo asanagwire ndi mikanda yake yakuthwa.
Swan
Chimodzi mwazinthu zokongola kwambiri zachilengedwe, sichofalikira ku Krasnodar Territory, komanso ku Russia. Mapembedzedwe awiri akusambira wina ndi mnzake nthawi zonse amasonyezera chikondi. Makosi awiri a mbalameyi, yolumikizidwa, amapanga mtima. Ndipo sizili choncho, chifukwa mbalame ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zochepa kwambiri.
Achi Swans amadya zomwe zili pansi pa zimbudzi zomwe amakhala. Amatha kusaka pansi akusaka edibles mothandizidwa ndi khosi lalitali. Mwa njira, swans amatumphira pansi kwambiri.Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri, mbalamezi, zomwe zimayimira chikondi, zimasambira pamadzi, zimakhala ndi minofu yowuluka bwino. Kukula kwapakatikati kungapangitse mapiko opitilira 1.5 metres.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya swans, imasiyana makamaka mu mitundu ya maula. Nthawi zambiri, mwachilengedwe, pamakhala timasamba toyera tokhala ndi mlomo wachikasu. Koma pali mitundu ina ya mbalameyi, mwachitsanzo, yakuda kapena yakuda. Dzina lawo limadzilankhulira lokha. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mbewa zachimuna ndi zazikazi ndi makolo abwino kwambiri. Ana awo sasiya banja mpaka zaka 1.5-2.
Heron
Heron, ngati seagull, amakopeka ndi madambo. Imakonda malo okhawo osungirako komwe kulibe ndalama (kapena pang'onopang'ono). Heron sasambira m'madzi akuya, amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi gombe.
Amasiyana ndi mbalame zina m'thupi lake lalitali ndi miyendo yayitali yapinki. Mwa njira, heron amayenda mosasunthika pansi. Mphuno zake zadutsa, mulomo wake ndi wautali, uli ndi kachikasu.
Heron ndi gulu la mbalame. Zimalumikizana ndi anthu ena osati chifukwa chokhwima. Nthawi zambiri amakopeka ndi kulira kwa mbalame zina, motero amalankhula nawo mwachidwi. Mbusa amatha kukhala kwakanthawi pamadzi, kufunafuna chakudya.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, pogwira mazira, heron ali ngati ma penguin. Ana obwera mtsogolo samawotha osati achikazi, komanso aamuna. Heron amakhala ndi khosi lalitali, lomwe, zikauluka, limadziyang'ana lokha.
Nkhunda
Aliyense amadziwa mbalame yayikulu yopanda nzeru iyi, yomwe imachita mopanda manyazi, ndikofunikira kudziwa munthu amene akudya zinazake. Nkhunda imawulukira, nikhala pomwepo ndikuyamba kupempha, sichoncho kuti zomwe mumagawana nazo zidyedwa.
Kulemera kwa mbalame yotero kumachokera ku 300-500 magalamu. Nkhunda yamphongo imakulirapo nthawi ziwiri kuposa wamkazi. Ndizosangalatsa kumuyang'ana akamafuna kumvetsera. Nkhunda imasunthira patsogolo pachifuwa chake champhamvu ndikupanga kwambiri momwe ingathere, ndikufinya nthenga zake zokongola. Kuchokera pamenepa, zikuwoneka zowonjezereka.
Kodi mungasiyanitse bwanji nkhunda yamphongo ndi wamkazi? Zosavuta kwambiri. Kuti muchite izi, samalani ndi mitundu ya nthenga zaiwo. Choyamba, ndi chowala, chokongola. Kuphatikiza apo, yamphongo imakhala ndi zazikulu, pomwe yayitali imasiyanitsidwa ndi chimfine. Njiwayo ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zambiri padziko lapansi. Amagawidwa pafupifupi konsekonse.
Jay
Mu Tawuni ya Krasnodar pali zambiri mwazinthu zokongola izi. Jay amadziwika ndi nthenga zokongola. Palibe zovuta kuzindikira. Pali nthenga zofiirira, zoyera, zakuda, zofiirira komanso zamtambo pa thupi la jay. Mchira wa mbalameyi ndi wakuda, pang'ono pang'ono. Pali mtundu wina womwe mbalameyo adautcha "jay" chifukwa chowoneka bwino. Mwa njira, m'masiku akale dzina lake anali "SOA".
Mu sinema, kuwala kwamtunduwu kumawunikiridwa ngati woyimba. Komabe, izi sizowona konse. Jay samveka phokoso losasangalatsa, m'malo mopupuluma. Kuthengo, iye, ngati parrot, amayesera kutulutsa mawu omwe amva, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatuluka mwa iye.
Cormorant
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamitundu yakunyanja yamnyanja yomwe imakonda kupezeka pagombe la chosungira. Pali mtundu wa cormorant womwe umangokhala pachithaphwi, koma anthu ake ndi ochepa.
Woimira nyama wanyamayi amadya nsomba. Cormorants mochenjera kwambiri amachotsa nsomba zam'madzi pachosungira ndikuzimeza mwachangu. Amadyanso theka miyendo ndi crustaceans. Pafupipafupi, ma cormorant gorges pa tizilombo kapena ma mollusks.
Mbalamezi zimapanga magulu akuluakulu. Cormorants chisa okha awiriawiri. Kuti apange chisa, mbalameyo imagwiritsa ntchito udzu, nthambi za mitengo ndi zitsamba. Cormorant ndi mbalame yosangalatsa, ndikusangalala kwambiri kuti imalankhulana ndi mbalame zina, kuphatikizapo ma penguin. Ali ndi nembanemba yapadera yomwe imawalola kuwona bwino kwambiri pansi pa madzi. Mwa njira, ma cormorants ndi osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana.
Swallow
Aliyense amadziwa kumeza, ngati mbalame yomwe imadya. Amatha kukulira kuthamanga kwambiri, kuthawa, nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa midges ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono.
Ngakhale ndi yaying'ono, imakhala mbalame yocheperako komanso mchira wotalikilapo. Mapiko a kumeza amapindika pang'ono, kotero kuti amathandizira kwambiri pakuuluka.
Mwachilengedwe, ngamila zazibuluu, zakuda ndi zoyera zimapezeka. Mitundu ya nthenga za anthu ena imasakanikirana. Chifuwa cha mbalame chitha kukhomereredwa. Akatswiri a sayansi ya nyama amati kumeza ndi mbalame zosamukira.
Fizanti
Malinga ndi luntha, pheasant ali ngati nkhuku yoweta. Koma sikuti kusakhalapo kwamawu achidwi komwe kunapangitsa kuti pheasant ikhale masewera otchuka alenje. Mu Turasory ya Krasnodar pali ma pheasants ambiri, kuchuluka kwa omwe, mwatsoka, amachepetsedwa pafupipafupi chifukwa cha kuchititsa kubzala.
Kulemera kwa mbalame yotere kumatha kufika 2 kg. Thupi lake lonse, kupatula muzzle, adakutidwa ndi nthenga. Kuchokera pamenepa, chithunzi chowoneka chimapangidwa kuti pheasant ndi wamkulu kuposa momwe aliri. Kuphatikiza pa kutchuka kwake "nyama", mbalameyi imakopa chidwi ndi mchira wautali, mawonekedwe osangalatsa.
Mtundu wa amuna amtunduwu ndiwowoneka bwino kuposa wa akazi. Kuphatikiza apo, zakale zili ndi mawonekedwe ochulukirapo. Pheasant imangokhala m'malo omwe muli zitsamba zambiri. Madziwe amakopeka naye, motero, samawuluka kuchokera pansi pamadzi. Izi zimadziwika kwa asaka omwe amadikirira pheasants pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja.
Mbalameyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi ena chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake achilendo a thupi. Mutu wake umatsala pang'ono kuphatikizana ndi khosi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zioneke ngati alibe gawo lililonse la thupilo. Kuphatikiza apo, pakuuluka, mbalame imalowetsa mutu wake mkati.
Mwa njira, anthu ambiri amakonda kuwona kuwuluka kwa ma bampu. Munthawi imeneyi, amatambasula mapiko ake kwambiri ndikutambasula miyendo yake m'thupi. Chakudya chomwe mumakonda ndi nsomba zatsopano. Mbalame imatha kudya pike, crucian carp kapena nsomba. Nthawi zambiri, amadya mphutsi ndi achule. Anapiye atawonekera pang'ono, iye amatenga zovala zake kuti akadye.
Nguluwe zakuthengo
Zatsimikiziridwa kuti nkhumba zoweta zimachokera ku nkhumba zakuthengo. Nyama ziwirizi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, mwachitsanzo, kukula ndi kukula kwa miyendo. Akatswiri azinyama oyang'anira zinyama amenewa amatanthauza zinyama.
Nguluwe zachikazi zimakhala zankhanza kwambiri pa nthawi yobereka komanso kubereka ana. Ngati aphunzira kuwopseza mkati mwa 100 mita ya ana ake, ndiye kuti awukira. Mwa njira, mbalame zazikazi zam'madzi zimasamalira ana ake, kuziteteza nthawi zonse ku ziweto zina.
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimasiyanitsa nkhumba zakuthengo ndi nkhumba zoweta. Choyambirira, chovala chake chaching'ono komanso champhamvu, chimaphimba thupi lonse. Kachiwiri, kukula kwakukulu. Nguluwe zakutchire ndizazikulu kuposa nkhumba zoweta. Koma kukula kwa maso ndi mawonekedwe a nickle ndi zofanana.
Ngati zachilengedwe zili bwino, nkhumba zakutchire zimatha kutalika mpaka mita imodzi. Kulemera kwa nyama yoteroyo kumakhala pafupifupi 200 kg. Mwa njira, zida zankhondo zawo ndizofanana ndi nkhumba: grunt ndi screech.
Njoka yokhala ndi chikasu
Ngakhale kupezeka kwa dzina la "njoka" yamtunduwu, ndiwachiwerengero cha njoka. Momwemo, njoka yanjala yachikasu ndi (siyo) poizoni. Uwu ndi umodzi mwamitundu yayikulu ya njoka, kutalika kwa thupi komwe imafikira ngakhale mamita 2.5.
Koma nthawi zambiri mwachilengedwe, anthu ang'onoang'ono amapezeka, mpaka 1.5 metres. Nyama ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha mtundu wachikaso cha kutsogolo kwa thupi. Koma "kumbuyo" kwake kulijambulidwa ndi imvi.
Chilombo cholowachi chimakhala m'madera okhala ndi udzu wambiri komanso zitsamba zambiri. Njoka yotere imatha kupezeka m'madambo. Komabe, akaona munthu kapena wadyera pafupi, atha kulowa m'ngalamo.
Ngakhale akuopa kuti ma bulu achikasu akumva pamaso pa bambo, nthawi zambiri amakawira m'gawo lakukhazikika kwake. Nthawi zambiri, akazi amachita izi kuyikira mazira. Khalidwe la nyamayi limatchedwa "chibadwa." Njoka yokhala ndi chikasu imazindikira kuti chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwakukuru kwa kutentha kwa stepep, ana ake sadzapulumuka, chifukwa chake imawusiya pamalo otentha.
Kalulu
Nyama iyi ndi yofala osati ku Krasnodar Territory, komanso ku nkhalango zina za ku Russia. Nyama imakhala ndi miyeso yayikulu komanso kusuntha kodabwitsa. Ngakhale kutchuka kwakukulu pakati pa osaka, kuchuluka kwa hare-hare sikuchepa. Cholinga chake ndi chachonde chachikazi komanso kubereka mwachangu.
Kutengera dzina la nyamazo, zikuwonekeratu kuti chovala chake ndi chofiirira. Koma nthawi yozizira imayamba kuda. Mwachitsanzo, nkhandwe, zomwe zimakonda kudya steppe, nthawi zambiri zimasaka kalulu. Kukhala m'malo otseguka kumapangitsa kuti nkhandwe isapeze ndi kupha bunny.
Alimi ambiri amatcha nyama iyi ngati tizilombo, ngati itabwera kumunda, iwononga fungo lalikulu la mbewuyo. Nyama izi sizimayenda mtunda wautali kuchokera kumudzi kwawo. Amamadya zakudya zam'mera zokha.
Bat
Vampire wodziwika kwambiri pakati pa nyama ndi bat. Chilombo chamtunduwu sichitha kuyimitsa kuwala konse, chifukwa chake, chimakonda kukhazikika m'malo amiyala kapena m'mapiri. Nyama ndi chinyama cha nkhosa. Amakaphatikizana ndi anthu ena, ndikupanga magulu ambiri.
Tizilombo timayambitsa matenda. Akatswiri a zaumoyo amasiyanitsa mitundu yamitundu ina yomwe amadya abuluzi komanso nsomba. Zokhudza anthu omwe akuyamwa magazi, ndiye kuti mu Krasnodar Territory zotere sizingapezeke.
Amapezeka ku South America kokha. Mimbulu zotere zimatsitsa makoswe ndi mbalame pakumwa magazi awo. Komanso m'chilengedwe mumakhala mileme ya herbivorous yokha yomwe imadya zipatso, mtedza ndi zipatso.
Nthawi yogwira ntchito mu nyama izi imagwera usiku. Masana, nthawi zambiri amakhala akugona, kwinaku akugwiritsitsa chingwe cholumikizira thanthweli ndi manja awo ndikulendewera pansi. Nthawi zambiri, mileme imakhala m'maenje.
Gologolo wamba
Agologolo wamba ali ponseponse kudera lino. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri zamtchire. Nyama imakhala m'mitengoyi, imayenda momasuka mwaiwo. Mwa njira, gawo la chiwombankhanga “poyendetsa matabwa” kwa gologolo limaseweredwa ndi mchira wake wautali wokongola.
Mtundu wa chovala chamtunduwu ndi wofiyira. M'miyezi yotentha, imakhala yowala. Gologolo ndi nyama yanzeru bwanji modabwitsa. Kukonzekera nthawi yozizira, amasunga chakudya podziwa kuti pansi pa chisanu sichingakhale chanzeru kuipeza.
Agologolo amatenga mtedza, ma cones, mbewu ndi mizu ina. Milandu yodzipha gologolo amadziwika. Nthawi zambiri, kuba kwanyengo yachisanu kumakankhira munthu kuti adziphe. Nyama imamvetsetsa kuti ndizosatheka kukhala nthawi yozizira popanda chakudya, chifukwa chake, imakonda kufa isanayambe.
Gologolo ali m'gulu la nyama zangokhala. Amakhala moyo wosungulumwa, amakonda kupewa osati abale ake okha, komanso anthu ena okhala pabanja. Komabe, kusowa kwa zakudya kumakankhira gologoloyo kukafunafuna magawo atsopano okhala. Poterepa, akuyamba kuyendayenda.
Wanjala
Jackal - m'modzi mwa oimira nyama zapamtunda za canine. M'milingo yake, ndi yaying'ono pang'ono kuposa nkhandwe, koma yayikulu kuposa galu, ndiye kuti, nyama yapakatikati pakati pa ngalande ziwiri izi.
Ngati simunawonepo nkhandwe kale, mutha kusokoneza ndi nkhandwe. Kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 8 kg. Maonekedwe a nkhope yake, chilombocho chikufanana ndi nkhandwe kuposa galu. Imakwezedwa komanso kupindika pang'ono. M'malo otchedwa Krasnodar Territory, nkhandwe za imvi, zofiirira komanso zachikasu zimapezeka.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti nthawi yozizira, ubweya wa nyama umakhala wonenepa, kuphatikiza apo, umakula nthawi ziwiri. Cholinga cha izi ndi kutentha. Malingaliro oti chimpandacho chimangodya nyama zokha sicholakwika. Ichi ndi chilombo chopatsa chidwi, m'zakudya zomwe madzi am'madzi, zipatso, nkhono, ndi zina.
Wanjala - chirombo chanzeru, kuphatikiza ndi anthu ena. Amasaka ndi gulu lake. Izi sizanzeru zokha, komanso nyama yanzeru kwambiri. Pali nthawi zina pamene chinkhanira chimakwerukira mbalame mwakachetechete ndikugwira mchira wake usanathe kuuluka.
Chinyama chaching'ono chomwe chimadya tizilombo ndipo chokhala ndi spines yayitali kumbuyo kwake ndi hedgehog. Kumbuyo kwake kuli mchira, kutalika kwake ndiko mainchesi 15. Chigoba cha nyama izi ndichopindika.
Chofunikira kwambiri cha nyamayi si kukhalapo kwa singano kumbuyo, koma m'thukuta lake komanso tinthu tosiyanasiyana tachilengedwe. Hedgehog ndi m'modzi mwa oimira ochepa omwe ali ndi nyama zomwe amatha kudzitamandira. Komabe, khungu lake ndi loyipa kwambiri.
Ku Turasory ya Krasnodar, hedgehog amakhala m'mapondera. Iye ali pafupi wopatsa mphamvu. Tizilombo ta hedgehog titha kudya abuluzi, mazira a mbalame, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Kuthengo, amakhala zaka 12. Mwa njira, akatswiri odziwa zachilengedwe amasiyanitsa ena mwanjira za ma hedgehogs, omwe samangoyenda pansi, komanso kusambira m'mitsinje.
Masiku ano, nkhandwe ku Krasnodar Territory imatha kupezekanso mobera. Cholinga chake ndikuwonjezeranso kwa iye. Choyamba, ubweya wa nyama yabwino kwambiriyi. Zovala zamkati, zovala zazikopa ndi zipewa zimasoka kuchokera ku ubweya wa nkhandwe. Zogulitsa zotere zimawononga ndalama zambiri.
Chilombo ichi, monga chinkhandwe, akatswiri osamalira zinyama ali m'gulu la agalu. Pafupifupi thupi lonse la nkhandwe limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lofiira, koma gawo la chifuwa ndi loyera. Pamwamba pa nyama, makutu awiri amatambalala mbali zosiyanasiyana. Nkhandweyo nthawi zonse imawasokoneza kuti asatayike.
Nyamayi imakhala ndi mchira wautali komanso wokongola kwambiri. Monga agalu onse, thupi la nkhandwe limakhala ndi mawonekedwe. Iye ndi m'modzi wa asaka a komweko. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ku Krasnodar Territory kulibe mitundu yofiyira yokha, komanso nkhandwe imaso.
Nyama yaying'ono iyi, monga hedgehog, ili pakati pa zotetezedwa. Mole imadziwika chifukwa cha khungu lakelo. Koma kodi? Ayi, mwa mitundu imodzi yokha yamtunduwu imayimilira, yomwe siziwona kalikonse, koma, nthawi zambiri, nyamazo zimakhala ndi maso. Komabe, ndizabwino kwambiri. Cholinga chake ndi khola lakhanda lomwe limateteza maso kuti asakwere pansi.
Kukumba dzenje, mole imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake. Ndi ochepa, koma amayenda. Pansi pa nthaka, nyama yaying'ono yolimbayiyo imakumbanso ngalande zonse. Kukonda kwamaso kwa mole kumachitika chifukwa chokhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi.
Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa, koma mole ndi nyama yanyama yomwe ili ndi mano akumwa pakamwa pake. Mwa njira, ali ndi mano 44. Ngakhale kuti maso satha kuona komanso kumva, imakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri, ndipo imawalola kuthamangitsa nyama mwachisawawa. Nyama imadyera paulesi, mphutsi ndi achule.
Muskrat
M'mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake, muskrat amafanana ndi khoswe wamkulu. Komabe, kuchokera ku chinyama chanzeru ichi chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukonda madzi. Maonekedwe a nyamayo amasinthidwa bwino kuti akhalebe dziwe lalitali.
Ubweya wa muskrat ndi woopsa kwambiri. Komabe, undercoat yake, ali wachifundo kwambiri. Nyama imapakidwa zofiirira kapena zakuda. M'nyengo yozizira, mthunzi wa ubweya wa muskrat umayamba kuda.
Chifukwa cha ubweya wowonda kwambiri, tambala uyu samazizira konse, ngakhale utakhala dziwe labwino kwa nthawi yayitali. Muskrat ndi oyera kwambiri. Amanyambita ubweya wake kangapo patsiku, ndipo nthawi zina amathanso kumadzola mafuta. Amakonda kusambira m'madziwe amtchire, maluwa amadzi ndi maluwa ena ambiri.
Muskrat - "banja" chirombo. Amapanga banja, motero, samakhala yekhayekha. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, nyama zotere zimakhala ndi malo awoawo, momwe sizimalola anthu ena.
Dziko la nyama likuyimiriridwa pano:
- Mitundu 101 ya zinyama,
- Mitundu 37 ya nyama zam'madzi, komanso zapamadzi,
- Mitundu 340 ya mbalame,
- 110 nsomba.
Kalanga, nyama zambiri zimatengedwa ngati zolengedwa zowonongeka, ndizosavuta kupeza mkati mwa Buku Lofiyira. Pali mitundu yachilendo monga:
- Kuvala kuvala
- Caucasian otter
- Chiwombankhanga,
- Karavayka
- Bustard,
- Amadyera njoka
- Manda digger
- Spoonbill,
- Chiwombankhanga choyera
- Steppe mphungu
- Pelicans curly, komanso pinki,
- Osprey,
- Peregrine Falcon, etc.
Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chiwerengero chawo chikuvutikira ndi ntchito za anthu. Anthu amagwiritsa ntchito madera ambiri minda, minda, komwe amadula nthaka, ndikuwonongeratu zachilengedwe malo okhala.Chiwerengero cha herbivores chikachepa, olusa amadwala. Monga chiwombankhanga cha peregrine kapena chiwombera choyera. Zowonadi, malo a Krasnodar Territory ali ndi malo ake osungira, momwe chilengedwe chimakhala chosawerengeka. Komabe, izi sizotsimikizira kuti nyama zonse za m'derali zizitetezedwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, kusaka ndi kusodza kumapangidwa pano. Zachilendo kwambiri kuposa zina: maula wamba, nkhandwe ndi mafinya, komanso zinziri, nthawi zina zimakonda. Ma hedgehogs ambiri ndi timadontho, ma jerboas okongola ndi makoswe osiyana ndi mbewa.
Dera lamapiri lamapiri limawonedwa ngati silikukhalidwa ndi munthu. Pano, alenje amakumana ndi nkhumba zakutchire, nthawi zina agwape a Caucasian ndi agwape, abusa a chamois ndi maulendo, nthawi zina mbuzi zam'mapiri kapena njati. Zoyenda ndi chimbalangondo chenicheni, chofiirira, pali mimbulu ndi mimbulu, komanso zokongola, amphaka a m'nkhalango, nkhandwe ndi mbendera, martens, ngakhale lynxes.
Mtsinje wa mitsinje - malo okhala ku otters, mink. Galu wa fodya wazika mizu kuno bwino.
Kwa osaka pali ndandanda yapadera pomwe nthawi ndi malo omwe mungathe kusaka akuwonetsedwa. M'malo osungira, anthu amatha kungoyang'ana ngati alendo padziko lonse lapansi.
Mwa anthu amderali, palinso asodzi ndi asodzi akhama omwe amadziwa malo abwino momwe sturgeon, pike ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba imapezeka.
Gawo lomwe linali kusefukira (ili ndi Nyanja ya Azov ya Kum'mawa) lingaganiziridwe kuti ndi Kingdom weniweni wa mbalame. Pali madzi amadzi ambiri! Mitundu 17, komanso mitundu 20 ya sandpiper. M'nyengo yotentha ndi yophukira, ndibwino kuti mupite ku mbalame za mbalame, kuti musangalatse mamiliyoni a mbalame zomwe pambuyo pake zimadzakhala kumpoto.
Mwa zokwawa, akambuku (ndi marsh, ndi Greek), njoka (wamba, komanso madzi), njoka (Koznakova ndi wamba, steppe), abuluzi opanda miyendo ndiofala.
Zigwa ndi nkhalango zambiri ndizodzaza ndi mbalame: masauzande amatsenga, ma orio ndi ma buluu, mitengo yamatchute, nkhaka zachangu, nthano zowoneka bwino ndi magaleta, zikwakwa zosamveka ndi nyenyezi, mazana a ma golide. Madambo amaperekedwa kwa mwezi ndi falcons, komanso kwa achifwamba. M'mapiri, ku Caucasian wakuda grouse wokhala ndi mapiri ama turkeys. Hoopoe amalamulira panthaka. Bittern ndiyosavuta kupeza mu udzu, nthawi zambiri kum'mwera otsika.