Wanjala nthawi zambiri amakhala wopanda ulemu, chifukwa sanyansidwa ndikuwotcha, ndipo m'midzi amatha kuba nkhuku ndi chilichonse chabodza. Koma ngati mutayang'anitsitsadi, mutha kuwona chinyama chokongola choposa ena ambiri mu ukalamba, kuchenjera ndi luso. Zovala ndizosaka bwino, ndizovuta ndipo zimatha kusintha zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Amakhala mabanja osatha omwe makolo onse awiri amasamalira ana. Zizolowezi ndi machitidwe a nyamazi zimapangitsa kuti nkhalango, steppe, savannah zizidutsamo. Kudyetsa zowola ndi kupha nyama zodwala kapena zofooka, zimatsuka malo, kuletsa kufalikira kwa matenda, komanso zimathandizira kuti ana azioneka mwa anthu amphamvu kwambiri.
Pazochitika zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, munthu akhoza kupeza malingaliro opupika kwa ankhandwe. Ku mbali imodzi, zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupusa, kukonda, komanso mantha ku mayiko achisilamu. Kumpoto ndi Kumadzulo kwa Africa, kumbali ina, nyama yomwe imalemekezedwa chifukwa chimalimba msanga. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti ku Egypt wakale, mulungu wa Anubis adawonetsedwa ndi mutu wa nkhandwe. Ku India, zophukira ngati nyanga zomwe zimapezeka pa chigaza cha anthu ena zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithumwa. Komabe, pagulu la mayiko ambiri aku Asia ndi ku Africa, chinkhanira, choyambirira, ndiwopusa wanzeru amene amatha kubera, kupusitsa komanso kufalitsa zambiri. Tanthauzo lofananalo limaperekedwa ku mawu oti "nkhandwe", "nkhandwe" mu Chirasha.
Kufotokozera
Khwangwala wamba amafanana ndi nkhandwe m'mawonekedwe ake, koma mosiyana ndi iyo, imakhala ndi thupi lochepera, loonda komanso laling'ono komanso lolemera. Kutalika kwa thupi lake popanda mchira nthawi zambiri sikukuyenda masentimita 80, kutalika - 50 cm.C kulemera kwa chinyama nthawi zambiri kumakhala kilo 7-10, koma ankhandwe wamba amakhala okulirapo poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, ndipo kulemera kwa munthu payekha kumatha kufika 15-20 makilogalamu. Poyerekeza ndi nkhandwe, ili ndi buluku lakuthwa lofanana ndi nkhandwe, ndi miyendo yopyapyala yotalika. Chiwerengero cha zikhadabo kumiyendo yakutsogolo ndi zisanu, pamiyendo yakumapazi ndi inayi. Makutu a nyamayo ndi akulu, owongoka, osafunikira, omwe ali ndi mbali zambiri. Chidacho chimakhala ndi mchira wofowoka, wamfupi kuposa wa nkhandwe, kutalika kwake pafupifupi 1/3 ya thupi la nyama. Nsonga yake imakonda kupakidwa utoto wamdima. Mchira wa nkhandwe umangokhala wotsika nthawi zonse, ngati nkhandwe.
Makulidwe a akazi ndi amuna amasiyana pang'ono, pafupifupi 12%. Palibe kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Chovalacho ndi chachifupi, cholimba komanso chotsika. Utoto wa malaya umatengera nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira, imakhala yotuwa ndi mtundu wakuda wa tsitsi lakumbuyo. M'nyengo yotentha, ubweya wa jackal umakhala ndi mtundu wowala, tsitsi limakhala lalifupi komanso lothothoka. Mtundu wa pakhosi ndi chibwano umayera. Monga nthumwi zonse za mimbulu, ankhandwe amakhala ndi mano 42, mano owongoka omwe amasinthidwa kuti amuchotse khungu lakuda, mano a mdani uyu ndi ofooka. Chiyembekezo chamoyo ndi zaka 4 mpaka 14, ndipo mu ukapolo nthawi zina chimafika zaka 16.
Maanja okwatirana ankhandwe amakhala mdera linalake lokhala ndi zilembo zamkati ndi kwamikodzo. Kukula kwa tsamba lino ndikwakukulu, pomwe eni ake amateteza mwamphamvu kuti pasachitike alendo. Ankhandawa nthawi zambiri amakhala m'midzi ndi m'midzi, motero amakhala otakataka madzulo komanso usiku. Koma ngati kulibe malo okhala anthu pafupi ndi malo awo okhala, nyama zimatha kusaka masana. Nthawi zambiri mimbulu imasaka yokha, nthawi zina imapita kukawedza awiriawiri kapena m'magulu a anthu 8. Magulu osakhalitsa amenewo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nyama zazing'ono za zinyalala zomwezi ndipo zimapitilira mpaka mabanja atsopano atakhazikitsidwa. M'nyengo yozizira, ankhandwe amatha kupanga magulu amkhola, koma samadziwika ndi machitidwe okhwima omwe amawoneka m'matumba a nkhandwe.
Kuyendetsa Mgwirizano
Wanjala amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yofulumira komanso yolimba. Miyendo yake yayitali komanso yopanda minofu imasinthidwa bwino kuti iyende mwachangu. Imatha kukhalabe ndi liwiro la 16 km / h kwa nthawi yayitali. Kupirira komanso kuthamanga kumathandizira ankhandwe kuti samangosaka, komanso kupanga maulendo ataliitali.
Ngakhale kuchulukana kwakukulu kwa malo okhala nkhandwe, nyamazo zimagawidwa ngati nyama zangokhala zomwe sizimadziwika ndi kusamuka kwakanthawi. Komabe, kusaka zakudya nthawi zina kumakakamiza zinyama kuti ziziyenda mtunda wautali kuchokera kumalo okhala kosatha. Amatha kukhala nthawi yayitali m'malo obisalapo ndi nyama zamtchire, pafupi ndi malo ophera anthu, malo owopsa. Pali kuonedwa kuti abambo kapena mabanja athunthu amatenga mtunda kuchokera 50 - 100 km, kufunafuna madera atsopano.
Mawu achifwamba
Zovala zakhala zikudziwika kale chifukwa cha kulira kwawo - kufuula kwapadera komwe kumayerekezedwa ndikulira kwa mwana. Uku ndikumveka kovuta kwambiri komwe kumayambira ndi mawu ochepetsetsa a 2-3 osandulika kukhala staccato yayikulu. M'malo mwake, kubangula kwa chinkhanira, koposa zonse, ndi kuitana kosaka. Nthawi zambiri, imatha kumveka madzulo, nyama zikafuna kusaka ndi kuitana. Asayansi akhazikitsa kuti munthu aliyense ali ndi mawu akeake, chifukwa chake pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apadera mumatha kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe zikulira. Zovala zimakhala mokweza kwambiri nthawi yamatsenga. Munthawi imeneyi, kubuula kwa mimbulu kumamveka nthawi iliyonse masana. Kulira kumangokhala kwakanthawi mwana akamatuluka, nyama zikagwira ntchito yosamalira ana. Pamaso pa zilombo zomwe zimakhala zowopsa kwa ankhandwe, zimatha kupanga nyimbo yapadera yosiyana ndi momwe zimakhalira kulira. Ndi chithandizo chake, amachenjeza achibale za ngoziyi.
Khwangwala amayimira banja la canine. Pali mitundu ingapo ya nyama. Ku Russia kuli nkhandwe wamba. Dzina lachiwiri la nyama iyi ndi nkhandwe ya golide, yomwe adapatsidwa ndi Aroma akale. Maina ndalamazo, ankhandwe aku Asia amatchulanso mtundu wamtunduwu. Pali mitundu iwiri ya nkhandwe yomwe ili yoyamba: woyamba, wakuda, amakhala kum'mwera kwa Europe ndi Mediterranean, mawonekedwe achiwiri omwe ali ndi mtundu wotumbululuka amakhala mbali yakum'mawa kwa mndandanda, kuphatikiza India ndi Central Asia. Mitundu yotsalira, yokhala ndi mutu wakuda, waku Itiyopiya, wamamba, imapezeka ku Africa.
Jackal Range ndi Habitat
Mtundu uliwonse wa nkhandwe umakhala wake. Khwangwala wokhala ndi zingwe ndi munthu wokhala ku South ndi Central Africa. Phiri la mutu wakuda limapezeka kum'mwera kwa Africa, komanso kugombe lakummawa. Chiwembu cha ku Itiyopiya amakhala kumadera awiri ku dera la Ethiopia, mbali zotsutsana za woweruka wa ku Itiyopiya. Unkhandwe wamba umafala ku India, ungapezekenso kulikonse ku South, Central ndi Asia Minor, m'maiko apafupi ndi Middle East.
Mkati mwa zaka zana zapitazi, ankhandwe ankakhala ku Europe kokha ku Balkan, ndipo Caucasus ndiwo malo omwe zidyamako zinali ku Russia. Amatha kupezeka makamaka pagombe la Nyanja Yakuda ndi Caspian. Mu 50s, nkhandwe sizinapitirire kuposa Novorossiysk. Koma popeza nyama zamtunduwu zimadziwika ndi kuchuluka mosasintha komanso mosadukiza kwamitundu yake, m'zaka zaposachedwa gawo la ku Europe lakulira kwambiri. Mu 80s ya zaka zapitazi, ankhandwe amapezeka ku Hungary, Austria, Italy, Romania, Makedonia, Czech Republic, ndi Slovakia; kuyambira 1997, anthu osakwatiwa adapezeka ku Ukraine koyamba. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, malo awo okhala akupitilizabe kukula ndipo tsopano olowera amatha kupezeka madera angapo a Ukraine, ku Transnistria, Moldova, mu 2011 mimbulu yoyamba idapezeka ku Belarus.
Ngati m'mbuyomu ku Russia ankhandwe amapezeka kokha m'malo ena a Caucasus, masiku ano nyamazi zafalikira ku Ciscaucasia konse. Makamaka, alipo ambiri a iwo ku Stavropol Territory, Karachay-Cherkessia, Rostov ndi Astrakhan, Kalmykia. Kukula kwa ankhandwe m'magawo atsopano ndiwokwera kwambiri, ndipo mtunduwo ukupitilira kukula mpaka kumpoto. Pali umboni kuti nyama izi zimawonekera koyamba kudera la Rostov m'ma 80s a XX century. Koma malinga ndi zomwe alenje akusaka, nyama zodyerazi zakhala zikuyimira anthu wamba a m'derali kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa 2000s. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, chiwerengero chake chakula kwambiri. Zambiri mwa nyamazo zimapezeka ku Don Delta komanso m'nkhokwe za mabango m'mbali mwa mtsinje. Western Manych. Koma chilombochi chimatha kukhala m'malo otetezeka, kuphatikiza apo, ndizachilendo, motero nkhandwe wamba imatha kuzolowera moyo wosiyanasiyana.
Kodi ankhandwe amadya chiyani?
Khwangwala amakhala wadyera kwambiri, ndipo nyama yake yofunika kugwirira ndi mikoko, makoswe, mimbulu, mbalame. Pokhala mlenje woyamba, amatha kutsata ndikugwira zonse zomwe zili m'manja mwake: adzalumphira mu arc ndikuphimba mbewa kapena chiwala, amawedza ndikusodza nsomba m'madzi osaya, kapena kumalumphira mbalame ndikuigwira ikanyamuka. Kuphatikiza apo, ankhandawa amatha kugwira abuluzi, njoka, achule, kugwira tizilombo pa ntchentche, kudya mphutsi, chimbudzi, ndi nkhono, kupita ku malo obisika, ndikulimbana ndi mafoni am'madzi. Ndi kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira, ankhandwe amatha kusaka muskrat ndi nutria, komanso abakha kapena atsekwe nyengo yachisanu m'madziwe.
Nthawi zambiri, nyama yolusa imapeza chakudya pang'onopang'ono, ikumazungulira pang'onopang'ono pamalo ake, ikungothamangitsa ndi kutsata nyama. Nthawi zina nkhandwe imatha kunamizira kuti ndi yakufa, ikukongoza wochotsedwayo. Zimachitika kuti ankhandwe amabwera limodzi m'magulu. Nthawi yomweyo, nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zochenjera: zimasilira tsogolo logwiriridwa mosiyanasiyana ndipo, imodzi mwa nkhandweyo ikawopseza nyamayo, yachiwiri imayigwira. Chifukwa chake ankhandwe amakwanitsa kukopa ma fito am'madzi ndi nyama zotsogola. Kuphatikiza mu gulu, zitha kuthana ndi nyama zomwe zimalemera 4-5 nthawi zambiri ankhandwe. Monga wozunzidwa, nthawi zambiri amasankha anthu osakonda kapena osafooka.
Njira ina yodyetsera chirombochi ndikugwiritsa ntchito zotsalira za chakudya chomwe nyama zina zodya nyama zina zomwe zimadya. Chifukwa chake, nkhandwe yoyipa ikwanitsa kusangalala ndi zobisika zobisika za mimbulu, nkhandwe, zibaba ndi mikango. Mwa zina, nyamayi imatha kudya zovunda, chifukwa chiphe cha cadaveric sichimupweteka. Zovala nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa m'malo owotchera nthaka, manda am'manda, momwe zimadyera zinyalala za chakudya. Koma zimathanso kuwerengetsa ziweto, zomwe zimayambitsa vuto lalikulu kunyumba. Ankhandwe akuberekera akuwombana m'zitini zotayira akhoza kupezeka m'matawuni ndi m'mizinda.
Zovala ndizosangalatsa ndipo zimatha kudya zipatso, zipatso ndi bowa. Chapakatikati, amakumba ma rhizomes ndi mababu a mbewu. Zimachitika kuti nyamazo zimakwera pa mavwende, kuwononga mavwende ambiri ndi mavwende, kupita ku minda ya zipatso ndi minda yamasamba, komwe amakakopeka ndi zipatso ndi zipatso, ndi mbewu zamasamba: tomato, nkhaka, ndi zina zambiri. Ankhandwe, monga zilombo zina, amafunika madzi ambiri, nthawi zambiri, ngakhale nthawi zambiri, amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Ngati madzi oyandikira apumira, iye ayenera kukumba mabowo kuti aledzeretsedwe kukhala m'madzi.
Zoopsa ndi Adani
Khwangwala ndi nyama yaying'ono komanso yofooka, chifukwa nyama iliyonse yapakatikati kapena yayikulu ikhoza kukhala mdani wawo. Komabe, kavalo nthawi zambiri amapambana chifukwa samasamala, mwanzeru, masomphenya komanso kumva kwambiri. Amatha kupulumuka pafupifupi kulikonse. Komabe, mmbulu umadziwika kuti ndi mdani wachilengedwe cha nkhandwe. Osaka amawona kuti komwe mimbulu imawonekera, ankhandwe samawoneka kawirikawiri. Ku India, ankhandwe amawasaka ndi mafambo amizeremizere ndi owoneka, ma pythons. Agalu amatha kuwukira ankhandwe pafupi ndi midzi ndi mizinda. Omwe amapikisana ndi ankhandwe amaphatikizapo nkhandwe, galu wampikisano, amphaka wopondera, komanso mphaka.
Kuopsa kwa ankhandwe ndi matenda. Nyama zitha kudwala matenda a chiwewe, mliri, nthawi zambiri zimayambukiridwa ndi helminths, nkhupakupa, utitiri. Zovala nthawi zina zimavutika chifukwa chosowa chakudya mu nthawi yozizira. Choopsa chachikulu kwa iwo ndi moto, wokutira m'nkhalangozi, pothawira nyama izi ndi ana awo.
Kulera ndi ana a mimbulu
Akazi amakhala okhwima pazaka chimodzi, pomwe amuna amafunika pafupifupi zaka ziwiri kuti abereke. Zovala ndizo nyama zodzipatula ndipo zimapanga mabanja kukhala moyo. Nthawi zambiri, nkhandweyo imakulitsa ana ake m'makumba momwe imakumba yokha, nthawi zambiri phangayo imapangidwa kuphanga, dzenje la mtengo, m'nkhokwe za mabango, ndi kuwinduka kwamphepo. Bowo nthawi zambiri limakhala lalifupi - mpaka mamita awiri, limakhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta ndipo lilibe nthambi. Laz amapita pafupifupi mita. Khomo lolowera dzenje lili m'malo osafikika, limakwera pamwamba pamathandizidwe ozungulira.
Zochita zogonana mu nkhandwe zimawonedwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa Januware mpaka Marichi. Pa nthawi yopuma, ankhandwe amalira mofuula. Unamwino umatha masiku 60 kapena kupitirira apo. Makanda nthawi zambiri amabadwa pakati pa Marichi ndi Meyi. Chiwerengero cha ana omwe ali mu ana amatha kufikira eyiti, koma nthawi zambiri ana 4-5 amabadwa. Makanda amabadwa ali akhungu, maso awo amawonekera pa tsiku la 10th. Kenako chitseko cha mawu a ana chimatsegulidwa.
Zosangalatsa! Amuna amatenga nawo mbali pokonzekera khola ndi kulera ana. Pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa ana, amabweretsa chakudya choyamba kwa oyamwitsa, kenako kwa ana. Nthawi zambiri, ankhandwe ang'onoang'ono kuchokera ku zinyalala zam'mbuyomu, omwe amakhala pafupi mpaka atapanga okha awiriawiri, amabweretsanso chakudya kudzenje. Thandizo lotere ndilofunika kwambiri kuti ana akhanda apulumuke. Chifukwa cha chisamaliro chodyera limodzi, ankhandwe ambiri amakhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Kuyamwitsa kumatenga miyezi itatu. Kwa milungu iwiri yoyambirira, wamkazi amadyetsa ana okha mkaka, koma pambuyo pake amayamba kuwadyetsa nyama yatsopano kapena chakudya chodyedwa pang'ono. Ana agalu akakhala ndi miyezi 2-2.5, banja limachoka kuphanga ndikukhala ndi moyo woyendayenda.
Mkhalidwe ndi mtengo wasodzi
Kutengera kuchuluka kwa kufunika kwakasaka, ndichizolowezi kugawa nyama m'magulu atatu. Wanjala ali m'gulu lachitatu - lomaliza. Mwachidule, kufunika kwake kosaka ndi kusaka kuli kochepa. Tsitsi lake ndilolimba komanso losalala, ndipo undercoat, ngakhale ndiyakhungu, imawonedwa kuti ndiyabwino kuposa galu. Chifukwa chake, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chovala chokongoletsera. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, chidwi cha nkhandwe yochokera ku mafakitale a ubweya chikula. Ndizida zapamwamba, nthawi zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito paubweya wa amuna - ma jekete kapena malaya a ubweya, nsapato. Mwachitsanzo, opanga amapereka ma jekete opangidwa ndi ubweya wankhanira ngati chida chokhacho komanso chosangalatsa. Mtundu wa ubweya wa jackal amawerengedwa kuti ndi wosakonzekera, ngakhale umadziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: kuyambira kucha, wachikasu wachikasu mpaka golide wofiirira kapena wakuda ndi golide.
Komabe, kavalo nthawi zambiri amasakidwa osati chifukwa cha ubweya. Nyamayi imatha kusinthasintha modabwitsa komanso kupulumuka. Kuchulukana kwa ankhandwe kumadzetsa chiwopsezo kwa ena oimira nyama (mavu, nyama za ubweya, mbalame), popeza nyama yolusa imeneyi idya nyama zazing'ono komanso mabwinja a mbalame. Pofufuza nyama zodziwika bwino zimatha kulowa m'midzi ndikuukira nyama zapakhomo. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa ankhandwe, kusaka kumakonzedwa nthawi ndi nthawi kwa nyama izi. Ma bonasi amalipiridwa kuwombera mimbulu, komabe, kuchuluka kwa adaniwa akupitilizabe kukula.
Kusaka kwachiwembu
Popeza nkhandweyo ilibe phindu lapadera losakira nsomba, kusaka kwayo kumakonzedwa kuti izichitira zina. Mochulukitsa, chilombochi chimatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma hares, ma pheasants komanso anthu ena okhala pa fauna. Kuti akhazikitse kuchuluka kwa ankhandwe amalengeza kusaka. Masiku ano, chifukwa cha kuwombera kwawo kumadera komwe chiwerengero cha nyama chafika kwambiri, osaka amafupidwa. Koma ngakhale izi sizipereka chiwongolero cha ziweto zamtunduwu nthawi zonse.
Pali njira zingapo zosakira ankhandwe. Kusankha kwa chisankho kumadalira zomwe msaki amakonda. Zovala zimaloledwa kuti zikhale pansi pamiphambano, paddocks kudutsa mabango mu stepep, ndipo agalu amathamanga. Njira yodziwika yosakira nkhandwe ndi kusaka nyambo. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kukopa chilombocho mothandizidwa ndi chinyengo. Chipangizochi chimakupatsani mwayi wofanana ndi kulira kwa kalulu wovulazidwa, yemwe ayenera kukopa nyama yomwe imadya. Koma pochita, njira iyi yosakira ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo imafuna luso linalake, chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.
Mutha kupezanso chinyengo pogwiritsa ntchito msampha. Usodzi wamtunduwu unkaloledwa kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe zimadya nkhomazi, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito misampha yogwira miyendo. Koma njira iyi yosakira nyama imakhala ndi malire: chisanu ndi chipale chofeŵa zimayesedwa nyengo yabwino kwambiri chifukwa chake, chomwe sichimawoneka kawirikawiri m'malo okhala nkhandwe. Ponena za wogwira ntchito ngati iyi yophera nyama, ndizovomerezeka ndi lamulo. Kusaka kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa usiku ndi zojambula zamoto sikuvomerezedwanso, ngakhale ndi cholinga chowongolera kuchuluka kwa ankhandwe. Kuthandizanso pamalamulo okhudza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu zachinyengo zamagetsi, kuwonongedwa kwa malo okhala ndi ana ndi kuchotsedwa kwa ankhandwe m'malo osathandiza, pakachitika masoka achilengedwe, podutsa nyama kudzera pazolepheretsa madzi ndi zina zotere.
Malangizo Akusaka
Njira yophatikiza yosakira nkhandwe ndi yamakola. Zimakupatsani mwayi wowombera chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu, koma chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu gawo la steppe. Kuwombera mimbulu nthawi zambiri kumachitika pakusaka kosakhala kwapadera ndi msipu wamasewera osiyanasiyana kuchokera m'nkhaka pamzere wa asaka. Nthawi zambiri, kusaka komwe kumayendetsedwa kumachitika ndi agalu. Kumpoto kwa malo ankhandwe, malo akuluakulu osodzako nsomba ndi malo obisalako mabango, komwe chimakonda kupezeka. Asaka amalimbikitsa kuti atenge mfuti yosaka yosaka, chifukwa m'nkhokwe za bango nthawi zambiri pamafunika kuwombera kuchokera chapafupi. Pakuwombera nkhandwe, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito makatiriji okhala ndi burashi yaying'ono. Mukamasaka mimbulu, ankhandwe ndi agalu a fodya, osaka ena amakonda gawo lalikulu - No. 0000 kapena No. 000.
Njira yachiwiri yopezera nkhandwe, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito kusodzi, ndi kusaka nyambo. Kuti muchite izi, pamalo otseguka pafupi ndi malo a chilombo, nyambo imapangidwa kuchokera kuzakudya ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kukopa nyama. Kenako mlenje amakonzekera kubisalira pamtunda wowombera kuchokera m'manja mfuti, (nthawi zambiri 60-120 mita). Kusaka pafupi ndi malo okwera pamakomo ndizothandiza kwambiri. Kuzungulira zinyalala zoterezi "privadas" ambiri a nkhandwe amatha kusonkhana, motero sizingakhale zovuta kuti nyama ikopedwe ndi nyama zosavuta. Koma kulibe malo ambiri chotere, kotero mtundu wakale wa kusaka nyambo umakhalabe wofunikira.
Msodzi aliyense amakhala ndi zinsinsi zake kuti agwire ankhandwe pobisalira. Monga nyambo yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito chiwindi, nyama za mafuta anyama kapena nyama, nyama yotsirizidwa, kuphatikizapo yowola. Ena osaka nyambo amagwiritsa ntchito magazi, viscera, zikopa za nyama, zidutswa za nsomba zamakedzana, herinine brine kapena zinyalala zina zamafuta zingakhale nyambo. Momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira, malo omwe ankhandowo amakhala kapena lalikulu kwambiri nthawi zambiri, ndipo nyamayo imafunikira zoposa usiku umodzi kuti izungulire gawo lonse. Chifukwa chake, kuti zokopa zizigwira ntchito, ndibwino kuziyika m'malo opitilira umodzi. Chiwembu chothandiza cha privet 3-4 chimawerengedwa kuti chothandiza pamene osaka angapo amakhutitsidwa ndi zokhumba.
Kusaka nkhandwe kubisala kumalumikizidwa ndi zovuta zingapo. Jackal ndi nyama yanzeru komanso yosamala yokhala ndi fungo labwino, kotero kumugwira modabwitsa sikophweka. Alenje osaka zakale amadziwa momwe angayendere osazindikira chilombo. Mwachitsanzo, kukhala kunja kumatha kukhazikitsidwa pamtengo. Ankhandwe, ngati mimbulu, samapita mwachindunji kunyambo: amayenda mozungulira, osusuka, osamala. Ngati mlenje pamtengo atasuntha, ndiye kuti nyama zomwe zimadya sizingamuzindikire, popeza fungo lake limapita. Koma ngakhale zili choncho, chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kutengedwa kuti chilombo chisamve fungo lobisalira ndikuyandikira khola. Osaka amalangizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kubisa.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nkhandwe, yomwe idakumana kale ndi izi ndipo idapulumuka, sizingadabwe. Nthawi ina, asadafikire barani, adasanthula mitengoyo mosamala. Vuto linanso ndiloti nkhandwe imakonda kuthamangitsa nyama pakangotha kuda. Ndipo popeza kusaka pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa usiku ndizoletsedwa, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuwombera nkhandwe. Optics masana imakupatsani mwayi wowombera bwino mumdima pokhapokha nthaka itakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa, chomwe sichofala kwambiri m'malo okhala nkhandwe.
Kwazaka makumi awiri zapitazi, pakhala kufalikira kwakukhazikika kwa malo okhala nkhandwe kumpoto, kotero kusaka nyama kudzatchuka. Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa nyamazo ndikofunikira, popeza nyama yomwe imadya imatha kuyambitsa mavuto azachuma.