Chimango cha Marsupial Marten, kapena Oriental Quoll (Dasyurus viverrinus) - chinyama chakukula kwa mphaka, kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita 45, kulemera pafupifupi 1.5 makilogalamu. Mtundu wa chovala chamtunduwu umasiyana kuchokera pakuda mpaka t, mawanga oyera amaphimba thupi lake lonse, kupatula mchira wofunda wa masentimita 30. Nyamayo imakhala ndi mbewa yabwino komanso, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yam'manja, palibe zala zoyambirira ndi miyendo yakumbuyo. Zilumba zam'mayiko ena zinali zodziwika kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Australia, koma atazolowera kumayiko ena, adayamba kusaka nkhuku ndi akalulu komanso kuphedwa ndi alimi mopanda chisoni. Ankhandwe, agalu ndi amphaka omwe amabweretsedwa ku Australia nawonso adasewera - mpikisano wa chakudya cha marsupial martens, komanso epizootic ya 1901-1903. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa ma quump akum'mawa kudachepa kwambiri, ndipo tsopano ma marten osachedwa kuwonongeka atsala pang'ono kusowa kontrakitala (ma quoll omalizira adawoneka kumapeto kwa Sydney mu 60s ya XX century). Mwamwayi, malingaliro adakalipo ku Tasmania. Komabe, adalembedwa mu IUCN Red Book wokhala ndi "pafupi kuti awopsezedwe."
Kukula kwakum'mawa mu malo osungira nyama komanso matchingidwe
Kupulumutsa mapa amisala adasowa, adasankhidwa kuyesa kuphunzira momwe angawasungire ndi kuwasala muukapolo. Izi ndizomwe akatswiri azamanyama anachita ku Leipzig Zoo. Ntchito yawo idapatsidwa korona wopambana - ndipo tsopano ma corollas awo amabala pafupipafupi ndikumva bwino.
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, ogwira ntchito ku Zoo ya ku Moscow anali ku Leipzig, ndipo ankakonda kwambiri malo okongola kwambiriwo mpaka anayamba kudziwa kuti ngati Zoo ya ku Moscow singawapeze. Ndipo mu Juni chaka cha 2015, marten asanu ndi amodzi owerengeka adafika ku Zoo ya Moscow nthawi yomweyo - amuna awiri ndi akazi anayi. Pambuyo kanthawi, mating anajambulidwa. Njirayi imakhala yachilendo kwambiri kotero kuti nkovuta kunyalanyaza. Mwachilengedwe, izi zimachitika motere. Zachikazi zimasiya kutsatira fungo lonunkhira kumbuyo komwe mamuna akumuyang'ana. Amayamba kumuthamangitsa mpaka amudzutse ndi kupatsa mwamunayo mwayi kuti amutulutse mosasamala, ndikuwonetsa kuti akufuna kukwatirana. Pakukhwima, yamphongo imalumphira kumbuyo kwa mkaziyo, ndikugwirira m'khosi mwake. Amachita izi kwambiri mpaka khosi la mkazi limatupa kwambiri komanso malo opanda khungu (kwa anzawo aku Australia, kenako amakhala ngati chokwera). Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndikuti kugonana kwa anthu okwatirana kumeneku kumatha mpaka maola 24. Nthawi zina amuna amakhala okwiya kwambiri mpaka kumpha mnzake. Ngati wamkazi savomera kutengera zochita zawo, mwamunayo amupha nthawi yomweyo. Amuna enieni amadzimalimbitsa thupi mpaka kuyamba kuyesera kupanga mating ambiri momwe angathere. Munthawi yonse yobereketsa, amalimbana ndi ochita mpikisano, kudya pang'ono komanso pafupifupi osagona. Zotsatira zake, podzafika kumapeto kwa chaka, anthu okhala ndi malo okhala amatha kukhala ndi akazi okhaokha ndi ana awo.
Kuswana
Kutalika kwa pakati mayina akum'mawa ndi masiku 20-24. Akazi amakhala ndi thumba la ana lomwe limangokhazikika nthawi yakubzala ndikutsegula kumbuyo (nthawi ina, limawoneka ngati khola pamimba). Nthawi zambiri ana amabadwa a 5mm kukula kwake ndi masekeli 12.5 mg ndikukwera mchikwama cha amayi awo pawokha. Ma qualm aku East ali ndi magawo awiri a utoto - pali mitundu yakuda ndi yofiirira yakuda. Ku Zoo yaku Moscow, chachikazi chinali chofiirira, champhongo chinali chakuda, motero sizosadabwitsa kuti ena mwa anawo anali akuda, ndipo ena anali a bulauni. Nthawi zambiri, zazikazi zimabereka ana aamuna a 4-8, ngakhale atha kukhala ndi mazira 30. Popeza kukula kwa ana kwenikweni kumangokhala ma nipples asanu ndi amodzi okha, ana amuna okhawo omwe amafika pachikwama choyamba amakhala ndi moyo. Ana akhazikika m'thumba lomwe limamangiriridwa kwa nipple kwa masiku 60-65 ndipo akupitiliza kukula mpaka pomaliza kuyamwa, zomwe zimachitika masiku 150-165. Tsitsi lawo limawonekera ali ndi zaka 51-59, maso amatseguka kwa masiku pafupifupi 79, mano amayamba kutuluka kwa masiku pafupifupi 90 ndikumaliza ndi masiku 177 okha. Pakatha milungu isanu ndi itatu, ana atuluka m'thumba ndipo nthawi yonse yosaka, azimayi amathawira kuphanga. Kuyambira kuyambira masiku 85, ana ake atapendekera kale, koma amadalira amayi awo, amasaka usiku ndi iye, nthawi zambiri kumamatira kumbuyo kwake, koma pang'onopang'ono mgwirizano wawo umayenda bwino, ndipo amakhala odziimira pawokha. Pazaka pafupifupi 100, ana athu amatha kupha nyama zawo, ndipo zisanachitike, zazikazi zimawathandiza kuchita izi.
Mwachilengedwe, kufa kwa ana a amuna ndi akazi onse ndi kotsika kwambiri bola atangokhala ndi amayi awo, koma ndizokwera kwambiri m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira yodziyimira pawokha. Ng'ombe zonse zimakula ndikukula msanga pofika chaka choyamba cha moyo. Kwakukulu, nthawi yayitali ya moyo wam'madzi am'madzi am'mbuyomu ndi yochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zolengedwa zazinyama zofananira. Ngakhale ma quoll amatha kukhala ndi zaka 7 ali mu ukapolo (avareji ya zaka 2 miyezi 4), m'chilengedwe amakhala osaposa zaka 3-4.
Habitat ndi zakudya
Mwachilengedwe, ngodya zimakhala nthawi zambiri zamvula yam'mphepete mwa mitsinje, koma nthawi zina zimatha kupezeka m'minda komanso malo okhala nyumba zocheperako (makamaka kale. Amakhala moyo wawekha komanso wosangalatsa. Martens oyenda ndi njinga nthawi zambiri amasaka pansi, komabe, amatha bwino kukwera mitengo. Masana amathawira m'malo obowamo miyala, milu yamiyala, m'miyala ya mitengo, pansi pamizu, ngalawo zosiyidwa ndi malo ena obisika. Nyamazo zimagona malo ampumulo wa masana ndi makungwa ndi udzu wouma.
Zisumbuzi zimadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana: nyama zazing'ono ndi mbalame, abuluzi ndi njoka, crustaceans apadziko lapansi, tizilombo tambiri ndi mphutsi zawo, nyongolotsi, udzu ndi zipatso. Kukula kwa nyama sayenera kupitirira 1.5 makilogalamu, ngakhale kuti ma quol amatha kupha nkhuku zoweta. Popeza ma marsituals awa alibe zida zophwanya mafupa akulu, amatha kuseka mafupa ang'onoang'ono. Mu chilengedwe, marsupial martens nthawi zambiri amadya nyama zakufa zophedwa ndi ziwanda zaku Tasmanian (zomalizazo zimatha kuyang'ana mtembo wa nyama zolukidwa khungu).
Mverani mawu a ofumbwa
Ngati pakufunika thandizo lalikulu, wofera akhoza kukwera pamtengo. Munthawi yotentha kwambiri, nyama zimabisala m'mapanga, m'chifuwa cha mitengo, pakati pa miyala. Marten amakokera khungwa ndi udzu m malo amenewa, akumanga zisa.
Martens amatha kukwera mitengo mwaluso, kuchoka kutali ndi kuthamangitsidwa.
Nyengo ya kuswana imatha kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembara. Australia ndi nyengo yachisanu nthawi imeneyi. Mkazi m'modzi amabereka ana opitilira anayi; m'ndende, m'modzi wamankhwala amodzi wamawanga anabala ana amuna 24. Koma, mwatsoka, ndi ana okhawo omwe amapulumuka omwe ndi oyamba kupeza nipple ndikugwirizana nawo, ndipo m'thumba la amayi muli ma nipples 6 okha, chifukwa chake, ndi ana 6 mwamphamvu kwambiri omwe amapulumuka.
Madontho a mart muminki yake.
Chikwama chokhazikika cha ma martens ichi chimakhala chosiyana kwambiri ndi chikwama cha kangaroo: chimapangidwa nthawi yakubzala kokha, pomwe chimayilidwa kumchira. Ana sasiya thumba la amayi kwa pafupifupi milungu 8, kenako amakhala m'mkhola kwinaku akazi akusaka.
Ngati ndi kotheka, ana amayenda pamsana pa mayiyo. Mwana akamakula mpaka masabata 18-20, amasiya amayi. Ma marsupial martens, ngati nyama zambiri zaku Australia, ali mu Red Book.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
