Tyra (Eira barbara) mawonekedwe osiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu yambiri ya banja. Ichi ndi nyama yayikulu bwino yotalika ndi masentimita 56 mpaka 68 ndipo yolemera makilogalamu 4-5. Mchira wa tyra ndi wautali (38-8cm) ndipo ndiwofunda, thupi limakhala lotalika komanso lopyapyala, miyendo ndi yayitali, kuponderezana kumakhala ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono ozungulira ndi kutalika kwakatali komanso kolimba. Mawamba olimba a taira okhala ndi zibwano zolimba amakhala oyenera kuthamanga ndi kukwera, koma osati kukumba ndi kusambira. Chovala chake ndi chakuda komanso chofiirira chakuda chakuda, pomwe mutu wake ndi wopepuka kuposa thupi lonse, ndipo pamakhala malo achikasu kapena oyera pakhosi pake.

Habitat ndi mawonekedwe

Zagawidwa tyra ku Central ndi South America, opezeka kumwera kwa Mexico kupita ku Bolivia ndi kumpoto kwa Argentina, komanso pachilumba cha Trinidad. Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi nkhalango zowuma komanso zobiriwira nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri taira imakhala pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito minda yolimidwa kuti ipeze chakudya. Liwu la mdani uyu limakhala lolunjika: tyra ikadzidzimuka, imangokhalira kulira, koma imalira, imangodumphadumpha ndi kudina modabwitsa, makamaka ikakhala pagulu.

Zopatsa thanzi komanso moyo

Woimira pamtengowu ndiwopatsa chidwi ndipo amayang'anira zinyama zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana (agouti, hares, agologolo, marsupials), mbalame, repitles ndi tizilombo. Tyra - mlenje wogwira, amasaka nyama nthawi zonse ndipo samawukira kuchokera kwa obisalira. Patsiku limodzi, posaka chakudya, tayra imagonjetsedwa mpaka 7 km. Imagwira nyama mothandizidwa ndi olfaction, pomwe masomphenya a chilombochi samapangidwa bwino. Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chanyama, tyra amadya zipatso zamitundumitundu osiyanasiyana otentha. Chilombochi chimagwira nthawi iliyonse masana; chimathamanga, chimakwera ndikusambira mwangwiro. Mukamadutsa nthambi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu, tyra imagwiritsa ntchito mchira ngati chopingasa, imatha kudumpha kuchokera ku nthambi ya mtengo umodzi, mpaka mtengo kapena wina. Nthawi zambiri a Tyra amakonzera nyumba yake m'mitengo yopanda kanthu, yolimbidwa ndi zinyama zina, nthawi zina mu udzu wautali.

Zochita Pachikhalidwe ndi Kubereka

Izi zimakonda kupezeka kawiri, nthawi zina m'magulu a anthu atatu. Mimba mu matayala kumatenga masiku 63-70, mkaziyo amabereka ana awiri a 2-4. Makanda obadwa kumene amakhala akhungu komanso osathandiza, atakutidwa ndi ubweya ndipo amalemera magalamu 74-92. Makutu a tiana amatseguka pokhapokha ngati ali ndi mwezi umodzi, maso awo pambuyo pake, ali ndi zaka 35 mpaka 58, mano a mkaka amayamba kuphulika pakatha masiku 36, ndipo dongosolo lonse la mano limapangika pokhapokha masiku 224. Amayi amadyetsa ana mkaka kwa miyezi iwiri, ndipo nthawi yofanana, ana ake amakhalabe naye. Pazaka zitatu kapena zitatu amayamba kutsatira chachikazi kulikonse, ndipo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ali ovuta kusiyanitsa ndi iye. Tyra amafika kutha msinkhu pa miyezi 18 mpaka 22.

M'malo ambiri tyra kufikira itakhala pachiwopsezo cha chiwonongeko ndipo ndiye nyama yodziwika bwino. Anthu am'derali nthawi zambiri amaweta tairas ndikuwasunga ngati ziweto.

Kufotokozera kwa Tayra

Thupi la chinyama limakula kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 68, kupatula mchira: akadali pafupifupi masentimita 45. Unyinji wa anthu akuluakulu a tyra ndi ma kilogalamu 5. Poyerekeza ndi nyama zodziwika bwino, tyra imakhala kukula kwa galu wamba.

Nyamayo ndi mwini wake wa thupi lalitali, chopondera chamtali ndi miyendo yayitali. Chovala cha ubweya wa nyama ndichopondera komanso cha tsitsi lalifupi. Makutu ndi ochepa komanso ozungulira. Maso ndi akuda.

Mphamvu za taira zamphamvu zili ndi zopanda zopanda mphamvu, chifukwa nyama imadziwika kuti ndi mlenje wabwino kwambiri komanso wankhanza. Woimira uyu wa banja la a Kunih amatha kuthamanga pansi ndikukula mitengo.

Mtundu wa ubweya wa tyra ndiwofinya kapena bulawuni; dera lam'mimba ndi mutu wake ndi wopepuka. Amabatani omwe ali aang'ono "amavala" atavala chovala chakuda chakuda ndi "chipewa" choyera, ndipo pakhosi pawo amakhalanso ndi “mpango” woyera.

Liwu la nyama ili ngati kubangula kochititsa mantha, koma siuli mawu okha omwe tayra angapangitse. Amatha kudina, kulira ndikulira. Khalidwe lotere limabadwa mwa nyama, makamaka ikakhala "yophatikizika".

Kodi wachibale waku South America wa marten waku Europe amadya chiyani

Monga lamulo, matayala ndi omnivores. Koma ngakhale akazi okongola awa ali ndi zokhumba zawo. Amakonda kudya kalulu, osasamala mbalame, agologolo ndi nyama zina zamtopola. Zodzala za thyra ndi tizilombo timene timadya. Zakudya za mmera zimaphatikizidwanso m'zakudya zawo, ma tairas amadya plums zambiri, nthochi, zipatso za genipan ndi zina zabwino zamvula zamvula.

Moyo wa Tyra

Chilombo ichi chimasiyanitsidwa ndi mikhalidwe yabwino yosaka. Tyra pafupifupi sakhala phee, amatha kumazungulira nthawi yonseyo kuti azigwira nyama. Kuyembekezera mnzanu amene wakumana ndi vuto sikubwera kwawo. Kodi nchiyani chimamulola kukhala wokhoza kuchita chotere? Mosakayikira, uyu ndiye munthu wanzeru. Chifukwa cha kununkhira kwake kochenjera, tirra imazindikira kuti imathamanga mwachangu ndi liwiro la mphenzi ndipo imatsata mpaka ikakwaniritsa cholinga chake. Koma ndi kuwona kwa nyama iyi siabwino.

Nthawi iliyonse ya tsiku nyama iyi yokonzeka kupita kukafunafuna chakudya, ntchito zake ndi kupirira kwake ndizodabwitsa! Tyra amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali pansi komanso m'mitengo, kudumphadumpha kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi, ndipo mchira wake umamuthandiza kukhala wolimba.

Moyo. Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Mitsinje imakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono (pafupifupi anthu asanu) ndipo amakhala moyo wokhalitsa. Pali nyama ndi zolakalaka. Amalumphira bwino ndikukwera mitengo. Pogwira ntchito nthawi iliyonse masana, amatha kusaka masana, m'mawa kapena madzulo. Tyra amapuma mumtengo kapena dzenje.

Amadyera makamaka makoswe (mavu, agologolo). Osataya tizilombo komanso mbalame. Zipatso zachikondi. Izi ndi nyama zolimba komanso zolimba, zimayenda maulendo ataliatali kukafunafuna chakudya. Kusambira bwino ngati kuli kotheka.

Kuswana

Mimba yaikazi imatenga masiku 65 - 70. Mwana mmodzi kapena awiri amabadwa. Kulemera kwa zatsopano kuli pafupifupi 100g. Ana ndi akhungu, maso amatseguka pakatha milungu 4. Wokhala ndi ubweya wofewa, amafunikirabe kutentha ndi chisamaliro. Amayi amawadyetsa mkaka kwa miyezi itatu, pambuyo pake amayesa chakudya chotafuna. Ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, matayala amayamba moyo wodziimira pawokha.

Khalidwe

Matayala amagwira ntchito makamaka usiku ndipo amapezeka pamtunda komanso pamitengo. Amakwera bwino ndipo amatha kuthana nawo mtunda wautali ndikudumpha, kupatula apo, amakhala osambira abwino. Pofuna kupumula usiku, amamanga zimbudzi zawo m'maenje a mitengo kapena amagwiritsa ntchito nyumba zosiyidwa za nyama zina. Nthawi zina amangobisala mu udzu wautali.

Pali zambiri zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha Turo. Amakumana mokhazikika komanso awiriawiri kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Matayala ndi omnivores, koma chochuluka cha chakudya chawo ndi nyama zazing'ono. Amadyera makoswe, monga prickly chinchilla, pa hares kapena mazes ang'ono. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizanso mbalame, ma invertebrates, amakonda kudya zipatso (nthawi zina zimawononga minda ya nthochi).

Pakumaliza kwa pakati, mpaka masiku 70, mkaziyo amabereka ana awiri. M'mwezi wachiwiri wa moyo, amatsegula maso awo ndi kuyamwa kuchokera mkaka wosakwana miyezi itatu. Ali mu ukapolo, nyama izi zimakhala zaka 18.

Matayala ndi anthu

Matayala amasakidwa. Anthu ena achilengedwe akwanitsa kuthana ndi mavuto a tairas pofuna kuthana ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda m'midzi. Mosiyana ndi ma martens omwe amalowetsedwa kunja, matayala samalowa mkatikati mwa nkhuku ndipo samapha mbalame. M'madera ambiri ku South America, tyra ndiomwe amadyera kwambiri. Amatha kuwoneka pafupipafupi, popeza saopa kuyandikira kwa anthu. Komabe subspecies zamankhwala E. b. zoyimba posachedwa wasowa ndipo akuwopsezedwa kuti atha.