Beet weevil, Mumps, Cleonus punctiventris, Beet muzu weevil
Shuga beet weevil
Coleoptera (Beetles) - Coleoptera
Wamba Beet weevil - monophage, tizilombo chowopsa cha beets. Mbawala zimadya masamba, mphutsi - mizu yomera. Bisexual kubalana. Kukula kwatha. Chikumbu kupitirira. Pa chaka, mibadwo ingapo kukhala.
Dinani pa chithunzi kuti mukulitse
Kufalikira 1 - 1.1
M'lifupi - 6
pa kubzala wamba - 2-4
kachilomboka pa 1 mita 2
Kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe
Imago. Beetle 10-15 mm kutalika. Elytra pafupifupi zophimbidwa ndi kwambiri lobed ndi-mamba anayi. M'mphepete mwa chikwangwani chaphimbidwa ndi mizere yayifupi, yozungulira, yotalika pafupi ndi ngodya, ikuzungulirana. Menyani ndi keel wocheperako ndi poyambira. Elytra kufanana-kumbali anamaliza pamwamba. Mtundu ndi wa imvi, kumbuyo pakati pa elytra pali malo amdima, pamwamba pa ambiri okhala ndi malo amdima ambiri.
Zotsatira za morphological zamtundu wamba wa weeware ndizosiyanasiyana. Pa mfundo imeneyi, limamutchula angapo mitundu intraspecific. Amakhala kumalo amodzi okha.
Kugonana kwamanyazi. anthu mwamuna ndi mkazi amasiyana dongosolo la banja la weevils kumaliseche.
Amuna kukula kwake ndi kocheperako kuposa chachikazi. Gawo lachitatu la tarsi ndilobiri, lalikulupo. Tinyanga clavate. Pazigawo ziwiri zoyambirira za kumimba kumakhala dzenje. Matendawa amawonda kwambiri kuposa achikazi.
Chachikazi zazikulu kuposa yaimuna. Matenda ochepera.
Dzira chowulungika, kuwala chikasu. Kutalika - 1.2-11.3 mm, m'lifupi - 1-1.1 mm.
Larva minofu, woyera, yokhota kumapeto arched, legless, ndi mutu chikasu kapena wooneka chikasu. Thupi limakhala ndi magawo khumi ndi awiri, kumbali zake kuli mitundu iwiri ya mizere iwiri. Nthawi yakutukuka, imasungunuka kanayi ndipo imadutsa zaka zisanu.
Mu m'badwo woyamba ndi spines, molunjika thupi kutalika - 1.5 mm, m'lifupi ya kapisozi mutu - 0.5 mm.
Pazaka zachiwiri, kutalika kwa thupi ndi 3.5 mm, m'lifupi mwake ndi kapisozi wamutu ndi 1 mm.
Mu lachitatu, 5 ndi 1.5 mm, motere, mchachinayi, 7.5 ndi 2 mm, mchisanu, kutalika kwa thupi ndi 12,5 mm, ndipo m'lifupi mwake mwa kapisozi wam'mutu ndi 2,5 mm.
The larva wa instar otsiriza ndi ochepa wochepa thupi, tsitsi sadzachitanso kuonekera pa ena zigawo.
Poll. Kutalika - 10-15 mm, m'lifupi - 6 mm. The mawonekedwe thupi la oblong-ovate, ndi gawo bwino chikhalire wa m'tsogolo Chikumbu thupi. Zigawo zam'mimba kuchokera kumtunda zimakhala ndi mizere yopingasa, ndipo yotsirizayo imakutidwa.
Phenology ya chitukuko (m'masiku)
Kukula
Imago. Akuluakulu hibernate sveklyanischah m'nthaka, kuti akuya masentimita 45. Chochuluka cha hibernating nyama mabodza 15-30 masentimita wosanjikiza.
Chapakatikati, nthaka ikatentha pa nthawi yozizira kwambiri ya 8-10 ° C, kafadala imayamba kuyambira. Kutentha kokwezeka kukakwera kufika + 25 ° C, ntchito ya achikulire imafika pazomwezi. The kafadala kusuntha msanga Ulaya ndi kumera wa Beet shuga ndi ziwembu mbewu.
Atatuluka panthaka, kachilomboka kamangokwawa, pambuyo pake amayamba kuuluka.
Kuuluka kwa kachilomboka kumachitika chinyezi chochepa kwambiri (mpaka 50%), mphepo yolimba (mpaka 3 m / s) komanso nyengo yotentha. Ngakhale zambiri adamulowetsa pamene ndege za kuwonjezeka kutentha padziko nthaka +30 ° C ndi pamwamba.
Kuuluka kwa ma fumbi kumawonedwa munthawi yotentha kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kuyambira maola 11 mpaka 16, pamalo okwera mpaka 4m. Pakutenga kamodzi, mtunda wa 200 mpaka 500.Pansi pa nyengo yoyenera, minda ya mabulosi imakhala yodzidzimutsa kwambiri, zomwe zimawopseza kuwonongeka kwa mbande. .
Kafadala kudya foloko, akamwe zoziziritsa kukhosi phesi. Masamba akapezeka, amawadyanso. Zowonongeka zimawoneka ngati zikwangwani m'mphepete mwa pepalalo.
nyengo mating. Pamapeto pa nthawi yowonjezera yodyetserako, kafadala timakhala tokhwima ndipo timayikira mazira padziko dothi lakuya kwa 0-0-0.3 mm mpaka 1 cm.Nthaka lonyowa, ndimabwino komanso m'nthaka youma. Kubereka kwa akazi kumayambira 20-30 mpaka 200 300 mazira. Tima atagona pamenepo mu ofunda ndi, dzuwa koma osati otentha nyengo ndi mvula zolimbitsa. Utsogoleri ukupitirirabe mpaka mwezi wa June, komanso pang'ono mu Julayi. Pambuyo pakuyika mazira, kufa kwachilengedwe kwa kafadala kumachitika.
Phenology
Phenology ya kukula kwa weevil beet. Zofanana ndi zigawo zakumwera kwa Russian Federation, Moldova, Ukraine, etc. Malinga ndi:
dzira. Kukula kwa Embryonic kumalizidwa m'masiku 5-12.
Larva. Maonekedwe a mphutsi woyamba zimawonedwa mu theka lachiwiri la May. Mphutsi zazing'ono zimakhala zapaulendo, zimayenda mwachangu mkati mwa dothi ndikudyera mizu ya quinoa, beets, mari, ndi zina. Pazaka zazing'ono, zimakhazikika mu gawo la mizu pakuya kwa masentimita 10-15. Pomwe zimakula ndikukula, mphutsi zimazika mu nthaka mpaka 15-30 cm. kuyanika kwa wosanjikiza kumalimbikanso - 50 cm.
Mu woyambirira kudya chabe lateral mizu, ndiye gnaws mabowo muzu waukulu. Zomera zazing'ono komanso zodumphadumpha, mphutsi zimatha kumata nthambizo kwathunthu. Mu zaka zakulidwe zambiri, kachilombo kamodzi kamakhala ndi makumi angapo, ndi mphutsi zoposa 100 pamizu ya testes.
chitukuko Larval kumatenga masiku 45-90. Mphutsi za okalamba, m'badwo wachisanu zimawonekera kumapeto kwa Juni-koyambirira kwa Julayi.
Poll. Mphutsi, yomalizidwa chakudya, opondapo m'nthaka ofukula mchikuta, zomwe zikuwoneka ngati M'mimbamo chowulungika ndi makoma yosalala losindikizidwa. Gawo lisanafike paubwana limatenga masiku 5-6, kenako pupa amawoneka. Gawo la ana limatenga masiku 10 mpaka 30. Kupezeka zikwa m'nthaka ndi zambiri oyambirira m'ma July.
Imago. Mbadwo wachichepere wautchiwu umatuluka pupae kuyambira kumapeto kwa Julayi mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti. Chifukwa nthawi yaitali dzira-atagona ndi zifukwa zina zambiri magawo Preimaginal kukhala asynchronously ndi kuswa kafadala akhoza kutenga mpaka m'dzinja-yozizira ozizira chithunzithunzi.
Nyengo yotentha, nsikidzi zina zimatha kubwera panthaka, koma ndikazizira zimabwereranso pansi. Kuchuluka kwa kafadala sikubwera pamwambapa ndipo kumangokhala kwa nthawi yozizira m'malo otetemera.
Mitundu Related
Zinthu zachitukuko. Kuzungulira kwazinthu zakukhazikika kwa dzira kuchokera ku dzira kupita kutuluka kwatsopano kwa imagoes achinyamata kumatenga masiku 65 mpaka 148, avareji 85.
5 mpaka 15% ya anthu, zina zambiri, m'chaka nyemba zanu samabwera, koma mtembowo zigawo chozama mu mkhalidwe diapause mu gawo lachiwiri ndi lachitatu la yozizira.
Mitundu yoyandikira
Malinga ndi morphology (mawonekedwe), imago ili pafupi ndi mitundu yafotokozedwayo Bothynoderes nubeculosus. Amasiyana chifukwa choti pamwamba chimakutidwa ndi mamba, nthawi zina imakhala yofanana utoto. Disc ndi mbali za expressionotum mu tsitsi lakuda. Kiel rostrum yokutidwa ndi mamba wandiweyani imvi. Zowonjezera zam'malo ozungulira pakati pa elytra siziphatikiza, malo omwe ali pa suture ali pa elytra amakhala okwera pang'ono.
Kuphatikiza pa nyamayi, kachikumbu ka Eastern Asia wee amapezeka nthawi zambiri Bothynoderes foveicollischimodzimodzi mu morphology kwa wamkulu beet weevil Bothynoderes punctiventris.
Yogawa Hrs
Kakhazikika ka kachilomboka kamafalikira kumtunda kwa Central Europe mpaka ku nyanja ya Baikal. M'derali, masamba anayi adasiyanitsidwa: Bothynoderes (Cleonus) punctiventris punctiventris Iwo anawonjezera kuti Ukraine, Moldova, Kursk, Belgorod, Voronezh ndi Rostov m'madera Krasnodar Gawo.
Amayankh (Cleonus) punctiventris nubeculosus (subspecies kum'mwera) ndicofala kumadera otsika a Azerbaijan, ku Armenia ndi Eastern Ciscaucasia.
Bothynoderes (Cleonus) punctiventris farinosus (Subspecies South-kum'mawa) akupezeka kum'mawa kwa malire m'munsi mwa mtsinje wa Volga, makamaka mkati Kazakhstan mwina mu Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, komanso mu kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa China.
Bothynoderes (Cleonus) punctiventris carinifer imagawidwa ku Central Asia, kudera lam'mphepete mwa Syr Darya ndi Amu Darya, ndipo ili ndi malo a solonchak ndi solonetzic komanso kuwala kofewa kwa chernozems.
Harmfulness
Tizilombo tambiri ta beets timavulala m'masamba ndi ma testes amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya beets. Chikumbu chimawononga mbande, nkumasiya "chitsa". Kawirikawiri zowopsa nthawi ya regrowth a mphukira kwa wachiwiri - wachinayi awiri masamba. Kuphatikiza pa utsi, kafadala imadyera mitundu kuchokera ku banja la amaranth, purslane ndi ena. Kuwonongeka kwa mitengo ya oak ndi mapulo mu nazale za nkhalango kumawonedwa.
Mphutsi kuwononga mizu ya zomera. Ndi zowonongeka zazikulu, mbewu zazing'ono zimafa, kupatulira mbewu kumachitika. Zomera za beet zopangidwa chikasu, zokha, zimafa posowa chinyezi. Zowonongeka testes asanakalambe youma.
Madera ovulaza amtunduwu amapezeka mkati mwa Ukraine ndi madera oyandikana ndi Moldova ndi Russia. M'derali, kuwongolera tizilombo kuyenera kuchitika mwadongosolo. Mu mpumulo wa m'dera zimawawa zina.
Kusala kwachuma wamba beetroot weevil mu beetroot mbewu imatsimikizika kuyambira mbande mpaka tsamba kutseka m'mizere ndipo imakhala yofananira kufesa pa kupezeka kwa kafadala wa 0.3-0.5 pa 1 mita 2, panthawi yofesa yabwinobwino - 24 kafadala pa 1 m 2.
Udindo taxonomic
Mitunduyi imakhala pamitundu yayikulu - pafupifupi onse a Palearctic (onani pansipa - “Kugawa malo”). Ichi ndichifukwa chake kusiyanasiyana kwakadali kofanana mwanjira imeneyi - zikhalidwe zonse, zokhala mdera lotere ndizosiyana kwambiri. N'zosadabwitsa kuti nthawi kuchokera makope 1829 ndi 1905 a weevil nthawi 15 anafotokoza mitundu ina. Ofufuza osamala kwambiri adaganizapo mitundu yotereyi monga mitundu ina m'mitundu imodzimodziyo. Asproparthenis punctiventris. Makamaka, FK Lukyanovich ananena kuti ofufuza ndi toyesa payekha kapena tizirombo ochepa, zovuta kuvomereza makhalidwe kusintha (thupi mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa flakes ndi zina zotero) kusiyana mitundu kwambiri. Tizilombo tambiri tomwe timaphunziramo, zikuwoneka bwino kuti pali kusinthika pakati pa kusiyana kumeneku, pomwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyana. Lukyanovich wosiyanitsidwa subspecies anayi (punctiventris punctiventris Germany., punctiventris nubeculosus Gyll., punctiventris farinosus Fahr., punctiventris carinifer Fahr.), ndipo adanenetsa kuti anali kuchita izi “mwanjira”. olimba Zonse chi mwaganizapo kale akufuna subtypes monga liwu lofanana mitundu umodzi polymorphic Asproparthenis punctiventris. Njira imodzi yokha (Asproparthenis guyoti Hartmann, 1909) amadziwika ngati mtundu wodziimira pawokha.
Ma Synonyms
The ofanana matanthauzo a mtundu chikuphatikizapo maina audindo otsatirawa:
- betavorus Chevrolat, 1873 (Bothynoderes)
- menetriesi Chevrolat, 1873 (Bothynoderes)
- peregrinus Chevrolat, 1873 (Bothynoderes)
- yunifolomu Chevrolat, 1873 (Bothynoderes)
- austriacus Reitter, 1905 (Bothynoderes)
- manyazi Reitter, 1905 (Bothynoderes)
- guyoti Hartmann, 1909 (Bothynoderes)
- otsudierei hoffman, 1961 (Bothynoderes)
Mawonekedwe
Chikumbu 14,5-17 mm yaitali, imvi thupi ndi wakuda crossbelts lonse oblique pakati elytra ndi mdima mawanga pa iwo, kuwonjezera, pamwamba pa aliyense wa elytra ali ndi kugundana woyera. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala kokhotakhota, mbali zake ndizodzaza ndi miyeso yayifupi yozungulira yomwe imayang'anana, kokha pafupi ndi ngodya za chikalatacho ndi miyeso imakhala yolumikizana ndipo osadutsana. Elytra parallel-lateral, pachimake pozungulira ndipo yokutidwa makamaka ndi masikelo oyera kapena anayi-okhala ndi miyeso yoyera kwambiri, ndipo omaliza ndi okulirapo. Pamimba imvi, mu madontho ang'onoang'ono akuda (choncho dzina Latin «punctiventris» - mawanga ndi-bryushisty).
Beetles amadziwika ndi dimorphism yokhudza kugonana. Amuna poyerekeza ndi akazi:
- ang'onoang'ono kukula,
- ali ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la tarsus ndi tinsalu zokulirapo ta tinyanga
- magawo awiri oyamba am'mimba kuchokera pansi amakhala ndi utoto wautali,
- yoteroyo ali kuli yokutidwa ndi tsitsi.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kafadala wachikulire amasinthika kwambiri, chifukwa chake sizodabwitsa kuti akatswiri nthawi zambiri amawona kusintha kwa mitundu kukhala mitundu yodziyimira payokha.
Dzira ndilopanda pake, chikasu chowala, kutalika kwa 1.2-1.3 mm, 1-1.1 mm kudutsa.
The larva ndi woyera ndi wachikasu kapena chikasu bulauni mutu, minofu, arcuate, legless. Chishango pachifuwa chofiira, ndi tsitsi lalifupi m'mphepete kumbuyo. Thupi limakhala ndi magawo khumi ndi awiri, kumbali zake pomwe pali mipata 9 yopuma. Last yaing'ono gawo la thupi, anamaliza. Pakutukuka, imasungunuka kanayi, pambuyo poti multing iliyonse ikula. Kutalika kwake (mzere wowongoka) ndi: pa msinkhu I - 1.5 mm, ali ndi zaka II - 3.5, III - 5.0, IV - 7.5, V - 12.5 mm. Mu otsiriza instar mphutsi yokutidwa ndi ochepa, woonda, tsitsi sadzachitanso kuonekera pa zigawo munthu.
Pupa 10-15 mm kutalika ndi 6 mm mulifupi. Imakhala yayitali kwambiri, ndipo imakhala ndi kachilomboka m'tsogolo. The zigawo za pamimba ali kumbali dorsal mizere ya yopingasa wa spines, ndi akuthungo adzakhala gawo - bulauni PAD.
Moyo
The biology ya wamba beet weevil yawerengedwa mwatsatanetsatane, bwino kuposa unyinji wa kafadala.
Mtunduwu umapezeka m'mizere ya namwali, malo olima, malo okumbika mchere, m'mphepete, m'mipanda yamtchire, pamiyala yamiyala yam'misewu, malo ometa, malo odyetserako ziweto, malo opanda kanthu, ndi zina zotero.
Kuswana misa
Matendawa amatuluka chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa nyengo yabwino kwa tizilombo. Komanso, kuchuluka kwa kachilomboka kumacheperachepera pamene zinthu sizikugwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1933, m'dera waukulu Beet Ukraine masika-chilimwe kutentha anakhala m'munsimu yachibadwa ndi mpweya kuposa pafupifupi. Chifukwa chake, m'dzinja, chiwerengero cha kafadala wamkulu m'nthaka chinali 3-13% yokha mwa magawo onse a chitukuko. Izi zidachitira umboni kuti mazira, mphutsi ndi pupae adafa kwambiri nthawi yayitali. Kasupe zotsatirazi, minda akanangokhoza kukumana weevils payekha.
Kupangidwanso kwazinthu zakukula ku Ukraine kunachitika zaka zotsatirazi: 1851-1818, 1868-1869, 1875-1877, 1880-1881, 1891-1893, 1896-1897, 1904-1906, 1911-1912, 1920-1922, 1928-1930, 1936-1940, 1947-1949, 1952-1957, 1963-1964, 1973-1976, 1986-1988, 1995-2002. Poyerekeza deta awa ndi dzuwa ntchito mkombero, akatswiri anapeza kuti ambiri kubuka pa (82%) nkhani pa kusintha mwadzidzidzi ntchito dzuwa, kapena chaka chotsatira (18%).
Chiwerengero cha weevil pazaka zakukwera kwake mwachangu chinafikira zodabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1904, mapaundi 76 (matani oposa 1,2) anasonkhanitsidwa m'dzina la Count A. A. Bobrinsky Grushkovka pa malo pafupifupi mahekitala 160. Chaka chotsatira mu Kurmanskoy ndalama pafupi Talnoe dera Cherkasy pa m'minda ya Beet (40 ha) amatengedwa pafupifupi 290 zidebe wa kafadala. Chifukwa cha izi, ogwira ntchito pamisonkhano 36,595 adathandizidwa.
Kuzungulira kwa moyo
mtundu uwu amapereka mbadwo umodzi pa chaka. Tizilombo tachilombo timatulutsa masika nthaka ikayamba kutentha + 7 ... 10 ° C. Zina mwa izo zimakhalabe m'nthaka mchaka chakukula kwa zaka 1-2. Pamene kutentha nthaka ukufika +25 ° C, tizilombo kuthetsa mpweya kapena pansi. Ndege zodziwika bwino zimachitika pa kutentha kwa +30 ° C. Zimawuluka nyengo yotentha, ndi mphepo yofowoka (3 m / s) ndi chinyezi chochepa (mpaka 50%), makamaka kuyambira maola 11 mpaka 16. Kutalika kwa sefa si upambana 4 m, ndege mtunda - mpaka 500 m). Gawo lina (mpaka 16%) la kachilomboka lomwe limatuluka nthawi yachisanu silimapezeka m'minda ya beet, koma m'magrocenoses ena - mbewu za chimanga, clover, ndi zina zambiri.
Zomera zam'mimba za beet wamkulu ndi mphutsi zake ndizambiri Lebedovye (banja la Amaranth). Izi ndi zomera za genera Kinoya, pigweed, Beet, sipinachi, ndi ena.Kale, moyo wa kafadala akhala kugwirizana ndi zomera zakutchire, ndipo ngati m'madera ena pali mbewu ya Beet weevil iyo ndi Chenopodiaceae namsongole. Nthawi zina kafadala amadya zakudya kuchokera ku mabanja ena. Kafadala kudziluma masamba kuchokera konsekonse, kusiya mphako.
M'minda ndi mbewu ya Beet kafadala kudziluma Muzu masamba, kapena kuwononga iwo ngakhale pansi apezeka dothi. Nkutata masamba ndi nsonga za mbewu zazing'ono, komanso mapesi a zikumera, kusiya "stumps". kuwonongeka zambiri chifukwa zomera wamng'ono, pamaso mapangidwe awiriawiri 2-4 masamba. Mu nurseries kafadala zina kuwononga mmera thundu ndipo mapulo.
Pakadutsa nthawi yopuma masana, kachilomboka kanafalikira (kawirikawiri mchaka chachitatu cha Epulo - Meyi), kenako anyamatawa amaikira mazira (pafupifupi mpaka m'ma Juni). Kuti tichite zimenezi, akazi digs dzenje waung'ono pafupi ndi chomera chakudya. Chonde zimakhudza nyengo, ndi zaka yaikazi ndi zinthu zina, kuyambira mazira 20-30 kwa 200-300, ndi zasayansi - kwambiri. Dzira likugona mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Julayi, pambuyo pake kachikumbu kamafa.
Development wa mwana wosabadwayo amakhala masiku 5-12. Kawirikawiri mu theka lachiwiri la May mungapeze mphutsi choyamba. Zimasunthira mwachangu dothi lotayirira, kupeza mizu yaying'ono yam'mphepete ndikuzikuta. Ndi zaka, iwo m'manda mu nthaka kuti akuya 30 cm (ndi pamene nthaka kouma, mpaka theka mita). Instar larva kudya padziko muzu waukulu, kudutsa mu muzu. Chiwerengero cha mphutsi kuzungulira chomera chimodzi chimafika mpaka makumi khumi kapena kupitirira zana.
The larva akufotokozera za masiku 65 ndipo nthawi akupha kanayi. Kumayambiriro July mphutsi kuti pupation anakonza: kumanga chowulungika ofukula chipinda ndi wandiweyani mpanda yosalala. Pakadutsa masiku asanu ndi limodzi (60) masiku a prepa, pupa imadzimiranso. Mawu akuti linakhalapo masiku 10-30, malingana ndi nyengo, nthaka, ndi zina zotero. Woyamba wa m'badwo watsopano, achinyamata kuonekera mu mochedwa July - oyambirira August. Njira yotuluka ya kafadala imayamba nyengo yozizira yoyamba. Zambiri za izi tizilombo overwinter mu zotsalira nthaka. Ena mwa nyengo yofunda, kubwera pamwamba pa mapeto a August - September, ndiyeno kachiwiri m'manda. Zotsatira zake, kusinthika kwathunthu kuchokera kwa dzira kupita kwa munthu wam'badwo watsopano kumatenga masiku 85 (65–148).
Adani achilengedwe
Pa mphamvu ya Beet weevil amakhudza nyama, mpikisano ndi ogwirira ambiri ndi majeremusi. Pakati ogwirira pa kudya kafadala: Ground kafadala, kafadala, zovunda, komanso nthata, nyerere ndi tizilombo tina. Zovala izi zimadyetsanso zozengereza, ma hedgehogs, ndipo nthawi zambiri mbalame: mbalame wamba, jackdaw, magpie, khwangwala imvi, jay, nkhwangwa, mitengo, zinziri, ndi zina zambiri - pafupifupi mitundu 40 ya mbalame zokhazikika. Chifukwa misa kubalana wa weevils amapanga gawo ndithu mu zakudya zawo. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame ndi m'mimba thrush sadzu anapeza 10-20 kafadala drofy - 62, Rook - 133.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi matenda am'mimba a kachilomboka, omwe ndi ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali oyera, obiriwira komanso ofiira osakanika. Makamaka imfa mkulu wa weevil kwa iwo pali ozizira mvula chilimwe. mazira weevil amapha tiziromboti Caenocrepis kuchokera kuti Hymenoptera, mphutsi - muli mitundu yambiri ya mphutsi nematodes, kafadala wamkulu - parasitic ntchentche - Rondania .
Kukula kwachilengedwe ndi moyo wa munthu
Kuthengo, weevils, monga mtundu uliwonse wa zamoyo, ndi chinthu chofunika zinthu zachilengedwe. Iye mwanjira chikugwirizana ndi anthu chomera ali zoyendetsedwa ndi kubisala mwa iwo. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi ubale ndi ochita mpikisano, zilombo, komanso majeremusi. Tizilombo anakhala kokha pamene anali munthu, agrocenoses - minda wotanganidwa Beets. Ndi N'zosadabwitsa mtundu uwu akufotokozedwa ngati zatsopano sayansi German tizilombo ting'onoting'ono E.-F. Ku Germany nthawi yomweyo pomwe beets zidakula kwambiri ku Germany.
Zoipa kwambiri kwa munthu kuchititsa tizilombo zaka youma, otentha masika. Iwo Kukubweretsera masautso mbewu ya shuga, m'chipinda chodyera ndi Beet chakudya cha woyamba ndi wachiwiri ( "dontho-kutali"), kulima ndi. Kuvulaza kwake kumachitika chifukwa chakuti:
- chifukwa misa kubalana imagwera Beets subcultured,
- zomera zowonongeka kupanga mbewu zing'onozing'ono misa muzu,
- ma beets a shuga chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa masamba ndi mizu kumapeto, shugayo amachepa,
- Beets chaka 2 wa moyo mawonekedwe mbewu zochepa ndipo ali wa khalidwe m'munsi.
Zikuonekeratu kuti onse kumam'phunzitsa izi mtengo kwambiri chuma ulamuliro tizilombo ndi zotsatira za ntchito yake ndi kumawonjezera mtengo wa ulimi.
Chitetezo cha tizilombo
Kuchepetsa zomvetsa ntchito weevil ntchito njira zinayi za kulimbana: makina, mankhwala, agrotechnical, kwachilengedwenso. Mawotchi Buku msonkhano ndi tizilombo entrenchment m'minda nyemba grooves ndi kuwayika misampha zomatira ndi zina zotero. Zosatheka kunena kuti, ntchito zoterezi ndizotsika, ndipo mtengo wa zachuma ndiwofunika. Monga mmene analembera tizilombo ting'onoting'ono AA Silant'ev:
"... chikusonyeza kuti alimbane kuyenda wochezeka kachilomboka, mu nyengo zabwino, pa unyinji wa maonekedwe ake, ogwira ntchito kwambiri spaced pamodzi ngalande ndi okonzeka ndi matsache kuti usese vspolzayuschih weevils pa khoma,osakhala ndi nthawi yolimbana nawo - ambiri a iwo kutsindikiza kutuluka dzenje " |
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira kwachilengedwenso ndi tizilombo anakumana kuchita ndi mavuto ndithu ndi ndalama yapamwamba. M'malo ena kuyesayesa kwapangidwe kuti kafadala kachotsere nkhuku (nkhuku, ma turkeys) kuminda, koma, sichoncho, chifukwa chomwe amafunako. Zolemba malire zotsatira pogwiritsa ntchito ya miyeso chingapezeke mu chitetezo cha Beets. Kwenikweni,:
- Kuwonongeka kwa namsongole m'minda (osati njere) komanso,
- mbewu kasinthasintha,
- presowing mbewu chithandizo tizirombo kapena kulowa iwo mu nthaka,
- kumasula dothi pomwe mazira agona ndi mphutsi kutuluka,
- kuchotsa zatsalira Beet mobisa mukakolola mbeu zawo pa landings ndi,
- kwambiri kulima akakolola mbewu muzu,
- kukhazikitsa njira zonse za agrotechnical pakukula kwa mbeu, kukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu,
- obkapyvanie nyemba grooves m'minda m'malire awo kumene tizilombo kuposa makope 0.5 / m² - kupeza ndi kuwononga mbewu kachilombo kafadala mu grooves ndi.
Wamba Beet weevil Mwina poyamba mu mchitidwe dziko la ulimi chinthu imene ntchito njira microbiological chiwonongeko. Lingaliro la momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito ndi la wasayansi Ilya Mechnikov, ndipo wophunzira wake Isaac the Dyer adawonetsa kuti ndi moyo.
Larva
Aswa ku dzira woyera minofu mawonekedwe larva Arc wapangidwa zigawo 12 ndipo amakhala ndi kupanda wathunthu wa miyendo. Mphutsi zimapuma kudzera pazenera zingapo, zomwe mwa kuchuluka kwa magulu asanu ndi anayi amapezeka m'mbali mwa thupi.
Pa chitukuko, ndi larva udzadutsa magawo anayi a molting, amapeza spines kusuntha ndi kukula kukula.
Larva mu gawo lotsiriza la chitukuko ayamba misa chokwanira kuti lidzasinthidwa pupa kutalika 15 mm chivundikiro chitin. Munthawi ya pupa, mindepara ya kachilomboka ikawoneka.
Wamkulu kachilomboka
Chikumbu sabwerera mu zamitundu zikwa, komanso kawirikawiri oposa theka masentimita.
Tizilombo ta nthata tomwe timadziwika mosavuta chifukwa cha mtundu wake wonyezimira komanso wonyezimira komanso wakuda, pakati pawo pali timabowo tambiri tomwe timadutsa kumbuyo. Komanso khalidwe la mitundu ya kachilomboka ndi yaitali rostrum, kuwapatsa iwo kufanana ena kuti anteater ndi.
Zachikazi zimasiyana ndi zazimuna zazikulu zazikulu, zotupa zochepa komanso mtundu wina.
Chitukuko Features
akazi Young patapita chofunika misa mating ndi kuika mazira wosanjikiza ulemu wa nthaka, kawirikawiri zambiri ankapita peyala imodzi masentimita, kuya osiyanasiyana mwachindunji zimatengera chinyezi cha dothi (m'nthaka yonyowa, nsikidzi ndizokwanira mamilimita asanu). Number wina mazira wamkazi anachedwa zingasiyane makumi awiri kuti mazana awiri. Pambuyo atagona kafadala kufa.
Kukula kwa mluza sikumatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa sabata, ndipo mphutsi zomwe zimawonekera kuyambira maola oyamba zimayambitsa moyo wokangalika ndipo zimayenda mwachangu pansi pofunafuna mizu yazomera. Akamakula mphutsi akhoza burrow mu nthaka kuti theka mita, kufika muzu misa waukulu wa mbewu. Zingapo mphutsi mu masiku angapo akhoza kwathunthu kudula mizu lalikulu zomera chapakati.
Pambuyo pa masiku 45-90 kudyetsa, mphutsi zam'mimba, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi kachilomboka kadzadza ndi mphukira. Chifukwa nthawi yaitali kusasitsa mbadwo watsopano wa kafadala ukuonekera padziko kuyandikira kwa August, ndipo ena mwa iwo sanali kusiya malo Gulugufe kufikira masika lotsatira.
Kum'mawa
Tizilomboti timakhala tating'onoting'ono, timakula mpaka sentimita, kumbuyo kumakutidwa ndi masikelo oyera ndi achikasu. Mosiyana ndi mawu mwachizolowezi ndi mamba musati kupanga mizere olimba ndi mawanga amaona mdima pa chiyambi cha elytra lapansi.
chikumbu m'nyengo yozizira pansi kukula Mari zatsalira mu mizu kapenanso zomera osatha, kusiya pamwamba pa nthawi pamene chapamwamba wosanjikiza umafunda nthaka mpaka madigiri asanu Celsius. Zikafika pamtunda, kachikumbu kamafalikira pamtunda wowoneka ndi mapiko.
weevils Oriental si kwambiri chabe za kusankha chakudya, m'malo chikhalidwe ndi masamba zokoma. Amachitanso otchuka ndi Beets, ndi chimanga, ndipo ngakhale mphesa.
Grey
Chikumbu amalima kwambiri kuposa centimeter a. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya zikumbu iye sanachione. Pamwamba pa elytra amaphimbidwa ndi imvi zakuda zonunkhira zomwe amazilowetsa ndi sikelo zazing'ono zasiliva. The mmunsi mwa kachilomboka ndi imvi, koma wowalirako. M'mapiko imvi weevil ndi chimanga chosakhwima, mosiyana ndi mtundu wina, ndipo nthawi zambiri ali wamfupi kusiyana pamimba.
Mitundu yofiyira imakonda kukhala nthawi yachisanu m'nthaka, kukwera mpaka 20cm masentimita, imawoneka pamtunda pokhapokha ngati mpweya umawotha mpaka madigiri 10 Celsius usiku. Monga kutentha akutsikira kachiwiri amakonda burrow mu nthaka. Atachoka kafadala wintering amakwawa kwa zomera yapafupi edible ndi pomwepo.
Mitundu yaimvi imakonda kudya kuzungulira m'mphepete mwa masamba achomera.
The zakudya za weevils imvi mitundu 130 ya zomera, koma chikondi chachikulu ali kwa Beet shuga, mpendadzuwa, ndi mphutsi amakonda nyemba ndi Chenopodiaceae mitundu.
Kuwonongeka Weevil mphanje
Sakonda mphukira wamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malobwe omwe amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya beets, chifukwa kafadala wachikulire amadya chomera chake kupita kumtunda wa hemp. Ambiri, akulu weevil akhoza kuwononga achinyamata kubzala deciduous mitengo ndi lindens.
Mu malo ya mphutsi za kafadala kubwera, kuwononga kale anayamba mizu ya zomera. Zotsatira zake ndizosavuta kulosera: mbewuzo ziuma kenako ndikufa. Popeza kuti nthaka zakhudzana mwina chifukwa cha kwa akuluakulu atatu kapena anayi pa mita lalikulu, lonse la tsoka si kovuta kulingalira.
Pali mankhwala osiyanasiyana kwa khutu m'nyumba. Zothandiza kwambiri ndi zopopera, ndipo zotetezeka kwambiri ndizo matepi omatira. Kumasulira kwa izi ndi zina chuma angapezeke kuno.
Lichotse nthata makoswe akhoza kutchedwa pa utumiki disinfestation. Chifukwa chiyani tizilombo izi tili oopsa, werengani ulalo wa https://stopvreditel.ru/parazity/perenoschiki/krysinyje-kleshi.html.
Zinawonongedwa ndi Beet weevils
nsikidzi amenewa amaonedwa tizirombo chifukwa kuwononga ndegeyo. Nthawi zambiri amatsutsana ndi ma beets osiyanasiyana. Akuluakulu kwathunthu kudya chomera, n'kumusiya yekha chitsa.
Weevils kudya masamba zokoma ndi mizu Beet ndi mbewu zina kubzala.
Kuphatikiza apo, buluu wamkulu wa beetroot amathanso kuwononga malo ang'onoang'ono a lindens ndi oaks. Ngati akulu kuwononga zomera okha, mphutsi yawo kuwononga kale bwino anapanga mizu. Chifukwa cha zotsatira za mbewu zinazo zifanso lapansi.
Pafupifupi anthu atatu azamtundu wa beet amatha kukhala pa mraba umodzi m'dera lovunda, motero sizovuta kulingalira kuchuluka kwa zowononga zomwe tizirombo timene timayambitsa.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.