Nkhandwe yaku South Africa ndi ya banja la canine ndipo ndi gawo la mtundu wa nkhandwe. Amakhala ku South Africa mokulira. Awa ndi Botswana, Namibia, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Angola, Zimbabwe, South Africa. Zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, malo okhala adakulirakulira kumwera chakumadzulo kulowera kugombe la Atlantic. Komanso kukulitsidwa ku Eastern Cape kulowera kugombe la Indian Ocean. Malo omwe amakhala ndi malo okhala udzu wokhala ndi mitengo yayitali komanso zipululu zocheperako zokhala ndi zitsamba.
Mawonekedwe
Amuna ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazikazi. Kutalika kwa thupi kumasiyana kuchokera pa masentimita 45 mpaka 60. Mchirawo ndi wamtali masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Kutalika kwake kumafikira masentimita 34.8. Kutalika kwa kufota ndi masentimita 29 mpaka 33. Kulemera kwake ndi 3.5-5 kg. Nthawi yomweyo, amuna ndi amuna olemera 300 g kuposa akazi pafupifupi. Mtundu wa zikopa zakumbuyo zaimaso ndi imvi. M'mphepete mwake ndi m'mimba mwake mumakhala kuwala komanso kachikasu. Mchira wake ndiwowoneka bwino komanso wakuda ndi nsonga yakuda. Pali mawanga amdima kumbuyo kwa chiuno ndi chingwe chaching'ono chakuda kumapeto kwa muzzle.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Oimira mitundu kupanga awiriawiri monogamous. Zachikazi zimatha kubereka ana chaka chonse, koma pachimake mu chonde cha Ogasiti - Okutobala. Mimba imatenga masiku 51-53. Mu lita imodzi, pafupifupi, pali ana atatu. Zoyipatula zitha kukhala ndi ana 6 obadwa kumene. Yaikazi imabereka m'dzenje kapena mumtunda wowirira. Kudyetsa mkaka kumatenga milungu 6-8. Pamasabata 16, nkhandwezi zimatha kusaka zokha, koma zimadziyimira pawokha pakatha miyezi isanu. pamsinkhu wobereka kukufika pa miyezi 9. Kuthengo, nkhandwe yaku South Africa imakhala zaka 10.
Kukhala Ndi Khalidwe Labwino
Usiku. Ntchito kwambiri akuonetsedwa monga dzuwa litalowa ndi dzuwa lisanatuluke. Masana, nyama zimapumira m'misasa mobisa kapena m'malo obiriwira. Mikwingwirimbi imadziyimba yokha, koma nthawi zambiri imabowola ndowe za nyama zina. Khalani nokha kapena awiriawiri - amuna amuna ndi akazi. Koma chakudya m'magawo awiriawiri nthawi zonse chimakopedwa ndi kudyedwa mosiyana. Ali ndi zigawo zawo. Amapanga mawu okuwa. Mukakumana ndi ngozi. Ikasangalala, nkhandwe yaku South Africa imakweza mchira wake. Iwo akukulira, amakulitsa chisangalalo.
Chakudyachi ndichilengedwe. Zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kafadala ndi ziwala komanso zimapanga mbali yaikulu ya chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame, zokwawa, mahinji amadyedwa. Kuchokera ku zakudya zamasamba zimatha kutchedwa zipatso zamtchire ndi masamba. Kusintha kwa zakudya kumagwirizana ndi nyengo komanso kupezeka kwa nyama. Ngati chakudya kwambiri, nyama anagona mu sitolo.
Malo osungira
Kuwonongeka kwa malo chifukwa cha zochita za anthu ndizowopsa kwa nyama zambiri zaku Africa. Nthawi yomweyo, nkhandwe zaku South Africa sizili pachiwopsezo. M'malo mwake, kufutukula kwa malo azaulimi kwakhazikitsa malo oyenera ndipo kwapangitsa kuti mitundu ya mitunduyi ifutukuke. Ana nkhandwe zazing'onozi zimayang'anira magulu ang'onoang'ono amtunduwu motero zimapindulitsa anthu.
Vulpes chama (A. Smith, 1833)
Range: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Angola, mwina Lesotho ndi Swaziland.
Kummwera chakumadzulo kwa Angola kumafika pamalo otentha pafupifupi 15 ° N. Posachedwa, mitunduyi idakulitsa mpaka kumwera chakumadzulo, komwe imakafika pagombe la Atlantic Ocean ndi Indian Ocean. Kukula kwa malo kudutsa kum'mawa kwa Cape kwalembedwa. Swaziland sichidziwika bwinobwino, koma amatha kukhala kumwera chakumadzulo, popeza nyamazo zimapezeka kumadera oyandikira kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Kwazulu-Natala, malo omwe sanatsimikizidwe ku Lesotho, koma mwina. zolemba Previous za kukhala mu kumadzulo Zimbabwe ndi Mozambique ndi sayesedwa wolungama ndi amaona chodziwikiratu kuti zochitika chomveka.
Nkhandwe yaku South Africa ili ndi kakhola kakang'ono ndi mchira wofunda wokhala ndi nsonga yakuda. Amuna pafupifupi 5% kuposa akazi.
M'mbuyomu Cape Province, kutalika kwa thupi ndi mutu wa amuna ndi 55.4 cm (45.0-61.0), zazikazi 55.3 masentimita (51.0-62.0), kutalika kwamchira kwa amuna ndi 34.8 cm (30.0- 40.6), akazi 33,8 cm (25,0-39,0), phewa kutalika kwa amuna 13,1 cm (12,3-14,0), akazi 12.6 cm (11,5-14,0 ), kutalika kwa khutu la amuna ndi 9.8 cm (9.0-1.0.0), akazi 9.7 cm (8.7-10.5), kulemera kwa amuna ndi 2.8 kg (2.0-4.2), zazikazi 2,5 makilogalamu (2.0-4.0).
Makamaka a mitundu yakumtunda ndi imvi. Mutu, kumbuyo kwamakutu atali, pansi pamiyendo kuchokera pabulosi yofiirira kukhala ya bulauni. Pamizere yokhala ndi tsitsi loyera lokhazikika kwambiri pamasaya, m'mbali mwa makutu mulinso ndi tsitsi loyera. Pakhoza kukhala malo owoneka bwino amdima pamwamba komanso pakati pa maso ndi pamphepete mwa muzzle. Chifuwa chapamwamba chimakhala chofiirira, mbali zam'munsi za thupi zimayera chikasu, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi timabowo tofiirira. Mbali yakumaso ya miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yofiyira, yosachedwa kupindika, yokhala ndi bulauni m'mbali mwa ntchafu za miyendo yakumbuyo. Pafupifupi, tsitsi kumakhala lofewa, lokhala ndi ulusi wamkati mwa tsitsi la wavy (pafupifupi 25 mm kutalika), wokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wakuda wa tsitsi lililonse pafupifupi mamilimita 45 aliyense, wotsirizirayo amakhala wakuda, koma wokhala ndi zoyambira komanso zokhala ndi siliva. Tsitsi lakuda pang'ono pang'ono limabalalika chifukwa cha ubweya wakuthupi. Pa molting, kwa October kwa December, ambiri a chovala zoteteza atayika, kupereka Nkhandwe mwachilungamo kuzimiririka ndipo "maliseche" maonekedwe. Pamwamba penipeni pa ma tambaku ali otumbululuka kuti ofiira. Ndizovala zam'maso, zowala, zopindika, pafupifupi 15 mm papilo. Pakati pa mapilo a paws, kukula kwa tsitsi kumatchulidwa kumawonedwa. Mchira wake ndi wakuda kwambiri ndipo tsitsi lililonse limafikira 55 mm kutalika. Tsitsi la mchira m'munsi ndi loyera, koma poyang'ana nsonga zake ndi zakuda kapena zofiirira. Kutali, kutalika kwa mchira wake kumakhala kutada kapena kutuwa kwambiri, ngakhale mchira umawoneka m'manja.
Chigoba chake ndi chopapatiza komanso chopindika. Kulumidwa ndi yaitali, woonda ndi mwamphamvu yokhota kumapeto, awiri molars chapamwamba ali lonse, monga anatengera kwa onongani.
Akazi amakhala ndi ma bulu atatu a nipples, inguinal imodzi ndi 2 m'mimba.
Chiwerengero cha chromosomes sichikudziwika.
Ilibe subspecies.
The mitundu ndi inafalitsidwa mu zigawo chapakati ndi kumadzulo kwa South Africa. Imakhala m'malo omwe ndi ouma komanso owuma, koma m'malo ena, monga finbosh kumadzulo kwa Cape Province ya South Africa, mtunduwu umagwera m'malo okhala ndi mvula yambiri komanso masamba owuma.
Zimagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi malo otseguka, kuphatikiza malo odyetserako ziweto, malo okhala udzu wokhala ndi matayala obisika komanso malo okhala ndi matabwa pang'ono, makamaka m'malo ouma a Karu, Kalahari ndi kunja kwa chipululu cha Namib. Zimalowa m'malo obiriwira pang'ono kulocha kumapeto kwa Capebosh kumadzulo kwa Western Cape, komanso kumalima malo okhala ndiulimi omwe amakhala m'matumba azomera zachilengedwe. Apa amadya minda yabwino komanso yolima usiku. Mphepete chakum'mawa kwa chipululu cha Namib ku Namibia, nkhandwe zimakhala ndi miyala ndi miyala ya zakuthambo, zimatuluka usiku pamapiri opanda miyala. Ku Botswana, amalembedwa munkhokwe za mthethe, m'malo abusa ochepa, makamaka kunja kwa njira zosachepera, komanso m'minda yomwe yamwekedwa ndi madambo ochulukirapo. M'kati mwa Kara South Africa, amakhala m'madambo, komanso m'matanthwe ena amiyala ndi malo ena amiyala. Dera la Free State ndilochuluka kwambiri m'malo omwe simagwa mvula yambiri ya 500 mm, ngakhale mu KwaZulu-Natal adalembedwa pakati pa 1000 ndi 1500 m pamwamba pamadzi, pomwe mvula imakhala pafupifupi 720-760 mm.
Monga lamulo, nyamazo zimagawidwa mokwanira mu gawo lalikulu la kuchuluka kwake, ngakhale kuti kuwongolera nyama zovuta kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa anthu kumadera ena. Ziwerengero zake zimapezeka kokha ku Free State Province of South Africa, pomwe kuchuluka kwa nkhandwe zapakati pa 0.3 km² kumakhala pafupifupi ndi anthu 31,000.
Zomera za nkhandwe yaku South Africa sizinaphunziridwe bwino, zambiri mwa kafukufuku mmodzi yekha wochitidwa ndi Bester (1982) ku Free State. Ankhandwe amakhala m'magulu awiriawiri. Zikuwoneka kuti malire am'nyumba zawo akuwoloka, makamaka m'malo omwe kuli nyama zambiri, ngakhale malo otetezedwa amakhala malo ochepa kuzungulira khomalo ndi ana. Ziwerengero zapakhomo ndi zapakati pa 1.0-4.6 km² ndipo zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera kuchuluka kwa mvula komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya.
Kumva bwino kumathandizanso kudziwa nyama komanso zodyera. Zochitika masana zimatha kuchepetsa kuchulukitsa, makamaka kuchokera kwa ochulukirapo masana (monga ananena kwa nkhandwe ya Afghan Vulpes cana).
Kulumikizana kwakukulu kwa mawu kumakhala ndi kukweza kwambiri komwe kumathera ku khungwa lakuthwa. Nkhandwe imatha kubindikira ikamafika kuphanga ndi ana agalu a yemwe angadye. Mafotokozedwe a malo okhala ndi muzzle ndi gawo la mchira amathandiza kwambiri polumikizana.
Ngakhale Cape Fox amakhala awiriawiri monogamous, foraging ndi kuchita mmodzi ndi mmodzi. Nthawi zina pokhapokha amatha kusonkhana m'magulu aulere kuti adye chakudya chochuluka. Kudyetsa kuli ndi ntchito zambiri zausiku, ndipo nsonga zake litalowa dzuwa litatsala pang'ono kucha. Nthawi zambiri umuna umapeza pakukumba mwachangu ndi kutsogolo kwanu, nthawi zambiri umadamvetsera mwachidwi. Zimakonda kubisa nyama.
Zakudya za nkhandwe yaku South Africa zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri, kuphatikiza makoswe ang'ono (mbewa), mavu, zopondera, mbalame, zolengedwa zam'mimba ndi zipatso zamtchire. Kafukufuku wazomwe zimapezeka m'mimba 57 zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kumadera ambiri akumadzulo ndi pakati pa South Africa (dera lomwe kale linali Cape Province) zikuwonetsa kuti makoswe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chodyedwa kuchokera kwa anyani, kafadala (mphutsi ndi akulu) ndi ziwala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma invertebrates omwe amadya. Kafukufuku wina wazakudya kuchokera ku Botswana, Free State, dera lomwe kale lidali Transvaal, komanso South Africa kwawonekanso chimodzimodzi. Mbalame ndi nyama zokwawa Komanso nthawi zina m'gulu chakudya, koma iwo sali ofunika. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya nyama zakutchire imaphatikizaponso hares (Lepus spp.) Ndi oyenda pansi (Pedetes capensis). Kugwiritsa ntchito nyama kumawoneka ngati kukuwonetsa kupezeka kwake komanso kusiyanasiyana kwakanthawi mu kuchuluka kwake. Komanso chakudya kumaphatikizapo zovunda, ndi ana a nkhosa zina achinyamata ndi mbuzi.
Kulembeka kwa ziweto, makamaka anaankhosa osakwana sabata 3, zalembedwa. Komabe, sizikudziwika nthawi iliyonse pomwe zovalazo zidadyedwa, komanso ngati zidyedwa. M'malo ena, kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kumakokomeza. Nthawi zambiri ana a nkhosa ophedwa ndi nkhandwe samakhala ndi masiku opitilira anayi. Kutayika kwakukulu kwa ana a nkhandwe kuchokera ku nkhandwe kudalembedwa ku Free State, pomwe mu 1982 zidawonetsedwa kuti nkhandwe zimatha kupha 4,5% ya anaankhosa.
Kuberekanso m'malo ena sikopanda nyengo, mwa ena - nyengo. Nthawi zambiri kubadwa kumachitika mchaka ndi chilimwe, mu Ogasiti ndi Seputembala kumadzulo kwa South Africa komanso kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Okutobala, ndimapamwamba mu Seputembala ku Free State. Ku ndende ku Pretoria, kubereka anajambulidwa kuyambira pakati pa Seputembala mpaka pakati pa Okutobala.
Ku Kalahari, kuswana kumawonekera m'miyezi yamasika komanso yotentha. Ku Madera Akumadzulo ndi Kumpoto kwa Cape Town, ana ndi akulu omwe amakumana mu Novembala ndi Disembala.
Mimba ili pafupi ndi masiku 52. Zinyalala kukula mu Free State 2.9 Nchito (1-6) 2.8 Kalahari mu (2-4). Ana agalu amabadwa m'makola omwe amakumbidwa munthaka yawoyawo kapena amakakulitsa, amakumbidwa ndi strider kapena aardvark (Orycteropus afer). Amadziwikanso kuti nkhandwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ming'alu, zolowa pakati pamiyala, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira okwanira. Kusintha kwa phangalo kumalumikizidwa ndi kupewa kuthana ndi majeremusi, kapena kugwirira ntchito zomwe zingayambitse zilombozi.
The mwamuna amadyetsa wamkazi woyamba ndi wachiwiri sabata pambuyo pa kubadwa, kenako kusamalira ana agalu makolo onse, ngakhale katundu chachikulu chakudya ndi wamkazi. Palibe othandizira ma dens. Makolo onsewa amateteza ana agalu kwa omwe angathe kudya. Komanso, makolo onse awiri amasamalira ana agalu poyamba, ngakhale kenako mwamunayo atha kusiya banja. Sizikudziwika kuti mwamunayo amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji ndi banja.
Ana agalu amakhala pafupi ndi khola mpaka atakwanitsa kutsata amayi awo, kuyamba kusaka ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 16, kudzipatula pa mayi wawo ndikusiyana nawo pafupifupi miyezi isanu. Kutha msinkhu kumafika pa miyezi 9.
Kummwera kwa Kalahari, dzenje wamba lidalembedwa. Ku Free State mu 1982, zinyalala imodzi zinapezeka, zopangidwa ndi ana agalu 8, mwina zikuwonetsa chimodzimodzi.
Mbidzi ya ku South Africa imamvera chisoni aardvark (Proteles cristata), nkhandwe yamutu wakuda (Canis meomelas) ndi nkhandwe yayikulu-Ocred (Octocyon megalotis), ndipo mpikisano ungachepetse anthu ake. Komabe, pali magawanidwe okwanira antchito munthawi, malo ndi chakudya kuti atsimikizire kufanana kwawo kwa olusa.
Ndiye kuti nkhandwe yakuda kumbuyo (Canis mesomelas) imachita mpikisano komanso imakonda kudya nkhandwe zaku South Africa. N'zotheka kuti adani, monga caracal (Caracal caracal), komanso ndi mpikisano. Kumene nkhandwe zaku South Africa zimagwirizana ndi oyimbirana nawo monga nkhandwe yakuda, kusiyanasiyana pakugwiritsa ntchito nyama kumadziwika. Komabe, ambiri a m'deralo Cape Fox ogwirira lalikulu zawonongedwa kapena achepetsa chiwerengero chawo.
Nkhani ziwiri za nkhambwe zakuda komanso 1 kambuku (Panthera pardus) ku Kalahari zidalembedwa.
Imfa Cape Fox amadalira kwambiri pa kulimbana ndi nyama vuto, makamaka South Africa ndi kum'mwera Namibia. M'mbuyomu, ziweto zambiri zolondola zomwe zidaphedwa nthawi yoyendetsedwa ndi mpanda zimasungidwa m'magulu osaka ndi mayanjano. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, magulu ambiri osaka adachotsedwa, ndipo njira zowongolera, kwakukulu, zimachitika ndi alimi amodzi.
Mwangozi, zikopa zimatha kuwoneka m'masitolo ku South Africa ndi Namibia, koma kuchuluka kwa zikopa zamalonda ndizochepa kwambiri. Ku Botswana, zikopa za nkhandwezi ndi mitundu ina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zofunda zachikhalidwe (caross), koma palibe deta yomwe ilipo. Kupanga kwa zofunda zambiri kunachepetsa kwambiri zikopa za nyama.
Kufa kwa magalimoto amisewu ndikotsika kwambiri, makamaka poyerekeza ndi kunenepa kwa nkhandwe. Ankhandwe akuluakulu amakhala ndi magetsi nthawi zambiri, pomwe nkhandwe zaku South Africa nthawi zambiri zimatembenuka ndikuchokapo.
Ankhandwe aku South Africa amatha kugwidwa ndi matenda a chiwewe, koma osagwirizana ndi nyama zomwe zimadyanso.
Kutalika kwa moyo sikudziwika, koma sikupitilira zaka 7 m'tchire, ngakhale olemba ena akuonetsa mpaka zaka 10. Popeza chiyembekezo chokhala mu ukapolo sichinaphunzire mwatsatanetsatane, zaka zapamwamba sizikudziwika.
10.12.2015
Cape Fox (balati. Vulpa chama) ndi membala zing'onozing'ono za suborder caniformia (Caniformia) pa Africa. Kukula kwake, kumafanana ndi mphaka wamba. Thupi lochepera, mchira wowoneka bwino ndi makutu akulu amampatsa mawonekedwe okongola modabwitsa. Amadziwikanso kuti Cape kapena Siliva Fox.
Khalidwe
Nkhandwe yaku South Africa ndizofala ku South Africa kupatula zigawo za m'mphepete mwa nyanja pafupi ndi Indian Ocean. Amakhala ku Zimbabwe, Angola, South Africa ndi Namibia. Kuchuluka kwawo kuli ku Lesotho. Mwa malo okhala, nkhandwe imasankha malo otseguka kwambiri mu savannah, chipululu komanso pakati pa finbosh (shrubbery m'chigawo cha Cape).
Chilombo zambiri amapita kusaka yekha ndi usiku. Nyama zambiri zimakhala m'mabanja amodzi kapena mabanja. M'magulu abanja pali abale apamtima, pomwe awiri wamkazi nthawi zambiri amasamalira ana. Malo okhala okwatirana amatha kuyambira 1.5 mpaka 4.5 mainchesi. Km ndipo alipo malo ena. Malire a katundu wawo, nkhandwezi siziyang'anira ndipo sizisonyeza mkwiyo kwambiri kwa abale.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Ankhandwe amadya mbewa, abuluzi, nyama zazing'ono komanso zipatso. Amadyanso mwachangu tizilombo, makamaka ngati tinyama tambiri ndi chimbudzi. Nthawi zina kusaka akalulu. Popita kusaka, nyama zodya nyama zimathamanga kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito mchira wautali ngati chopondera. Akadyetsedwa popanda chakudya, amatha kudya pang'onopang'ono ndi zinyalala m'malo okhala.
Ngakhale ndi kakang'ono kakang'ono, nkhandwe iyi imatha kupha mwanawankhosa wa miyezi itatu, koma milandu ngati imeneyi ndiyosowa kwambiri.
Mwanzeru amayesetsa kuti asakangane ndi alimi am'deralo ndipo amatenga gawo ngati ili pokhapokha.
Kuswana
Ankhandwe aku South Africa amabereka chaka chonse. Amakhala banja nthawi zambiri kamodzi moyo wonse. Mimba imatenga masiku 51-52. Wamphongo amabweretsa chakudya kwa wamkazi mkati mwa milungu iwiri yoyambirira mwana atabadwa. Pambuyo pake, nthawi zambiri amasiya iye kwa nthawi yoleredwa.
Chiwerengero chokwera kwambiri cha kubadwa chimagona nthawi kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Januware. Wamkazi mmodzi amabweretsa kuchokera kwa amodzi mpaka asanu ndi amodzi osavala amalemera kuyambira 50 mpaka 100. Malo obisalamo ali m'dzenje lomwe ana amakhalapo mpaka miyezi inayi. Kenako amayamba kutenga nawo mbali posesera limodzi ndi amayi awo.
Pambuyo pakuphunzitsidwa miyezi 1.5-2, nkhandwezo zimatha kudzidyetsa ndikusiya amayi awo. Amakhala okhwima pofika miyezi 9, ndipo kukula kwake kwa akuluakulu kumafika chaka chimodzi.
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwa thupi ndi pafupifupi 50-55 cm, kutalika kwake kufota sikupita masentimita 30 mpaka 33. Cholemera wamba ndi 2.6 kg. Thupi limasinthasintha kwambiri. Mchira wautali kwambiri kuposa theka la thupi. Msonga wa mchira wakuda.
Ubweya kumbuyo kwake ukupakidwa utoto wa siliva. Mutu ndi wofiyira. Thupi lotsika ndilopepuka. Tsono lakumaso pafupi ndi mphuno ndipo mkati mwamakutu muli zoyera. Pali banga lakuda pakati pa maso. Miyendo yake ndi yopyapyala komanso yayitali.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa nkhandwe yaku South Africa m'chilengedwe kuli pafupifupi zaka 6. Muukapolo, ndi chisamaliro chabwino, anthu ambiri amakhalabe ndi zaka 10.