Wachiwiri kwa Hummingbird ku Northern Hemisphere. Udindo waperekedwa kwa mfumu. Mbalameyi imalemera osaposa magalamu 7, ndipo sichedwa kupitirira masentimita 9 kutalika. Nthawi zambiri, awa ndi masentimita 7. Kumpoto kwa kumpoto, mbalame ndizocheperako komanso zopepuka.

Komabe, malinga ndi nthano, Mafumu ndi ochepa komanso ali kutali. Amati momwe mbalamezo zimakangana kuti ndani amatha kuuluka pafupi ndi dzuwa kuyandikira kuposa ena. Zinkawoneka kuti chiwombankhanga chinatulukira atsogoleri. Komabe, pomaliza pake, mfumuyo inatuluka pansi pa phiko lake, ndikuuluka pamwamba pa adani.

Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mfumu ya mutu wachikaso

Kuphatikiza pa nthano, dzina lonyada la mbalameyi limalungamitsidwa ndi mtundu wake. Pamutu pa mfumu paliwongola chingwe chachikaso chowoneka ngati chovala chamfumu chachifumu. Zochititsa chidwi komanso "malaya" a mbalame. Mafuta amitundu-beige amutu amasintha kukhala maolivi.

Pamimba pali zotuwa zofiirira. Mapikowo ndiwokongola, ali ndi maonekedwe oyera ndi akuda. Pansi pa "korona" wa mbalame, panjira, palinso wakuda.

Kinglet yokhala ndi chikaso chaching'ono ngati chingwe cha hummingbird

Nkhani yokhala ndi mutu wachikasu yaying'ono, ikumbutsa mpira. Nthenga za mbalameyi ndi zofewa. Uku ndi kukula kwa mfumu zimapangitsa kuti ziwoneke ngati chidole. Ali ndi maso akuda ometa, mphuno yakuda yoyera.

Mitundu ya mfumu ya mutu wachikaso

Korolkovye - banja lonse. Mbalame zonse mmenemo ndi za dongosolo la odutsa. Korolkovsky m'mitundu 7. Mutu wachikasu ndi amodzi mwa iwo. Ku Russia, pali ina - yofiira mutu. Zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Mafumu ena onse adakhala ku Europe, Asia, Central America.

Mtengo Wamfumu Yachikasu - osati okhawo m'banjamo. Miniature mbalame zonse zimaphatikizidwamo. Pali anthu omwe akulemera magalamu 5 okha.

Kudyetsa mbalame

Kodi mfumu yokhala ndi mutu wachikasu idya chiyani zosavuta kumvetsetsa, kukumbukira ubale wake ndi mpheta. Monga iye, ngwazi ya cholembedwayi ndi yopatsa chidwi. Ptah amatha kudya midging yaying'ono, mbewu zazing'ono ndi mbewu, amakonda zitsamba zodyedwa, zipatso.

Ngwazi ya cholembedwayo imatembenukira ku chakudya chozizira chakudya chomera, zikakhala zovuta kupha tizilombo. M'chilimwe, mbalame zokhala ndi utoto zimakana zipatso, mbewu ndi zitsamba.

Mafumu sadziwa kupera chakudya, kumeza kwathunthu. Patsiku, mbalame imodzi imayenera kudya 2 kawiri kulemera kwake. Iyi ndi ndalama yolipira yaying'ono. Mu thupi laling'ono, metabolism imathandizira, ndipo m'mimba ndizochepa kwambiri kotero kuti zakudya zomwe zimaphatikizidwamo nthawi imodzi sizili kanthu poyerekeza ndi zosowa za mfumu yogwira ntchito.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Mbalame zokhala ndi mutu wakuthengo zimaswana masika. Pakadali pano, amphongo amakongoletsa "korona wagolide" wawo, kukopa zazikazi ndikuwonetsa ulemu kuposa anthu ena ogonana mwamphamvu. Ptah amakhala ankhalwe, amatha kumenya nkhondo.

Pambuyo pakukhwima, zazikazi zimayikira mazira 10. Popeza kukula kwa Mafumu, uku ndi ndevu yamkuwa. Akazi amadzipangira chisa chawocho, amatola nthambi, zitsamba, makungwa, ndodo m'nkhalango. Pakati pawo, mazira atagona masabata awiri. Kenako anapiye ndi kutenga milungu ina itatu kupita kuphiko. Mafumu atatha kukhala achikulire, ndipo makolo amakonzekera zovalazo.

Kwa moyo, oimilira amtunduwu amapatsa ana katatu, akufika msinkhu ngakhale chaka chisanathe. Zaka za mfumu zimatha mpaka zaka zitatu. Mbalame zina zimakhala zaka 2 zokha. M'maselo aunyumba ndi malo osungira nyama, mafumu amakhala ndi zaka 4-5. Omwe amakonda kwambiri ziweto amakonda kukhala ndi mbalame zomwe zimakhala zaka zazitali.

18.07.2018

Kinglet yokhala ndi mutu wachikasu (lat. Regulus regus) ndi wa banja la a Korolkov (Regulidae). Uyu ndi m'modzi mwa oimira ochepa kwambiri ama Passeriformes odutsa ku kontrakitala ya ku Europe.

Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la XIX, polimbana ndi kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kwa nkhalango zachuma, chiwerengerochi chatsika kwambiri, komabe chikukwera kwambiri. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, akuti akuyerekeza magulu 19-30 miliyoni oswana. Dera lonse lokhalamo anthu opitilira mamilimita 10 miliyoni.

Kugawa

Mafumu okhala ndi mutu wachikaso amakhala ku Ulaya konse, kupatula ku Scandinavia mpaka ku Urals ndi Asia Minor. Zilumba zakutali zimapezeka ku Altai, Sayan Mapiri, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Himalayas, zilumba za Mediterranean, Far East ndi Japan. Pakusintha kwa nyengo, anthu amapita ku Egypt, China ndi Taiwan.

Nthawi yakuswana, mbalame zimakhala m'nkhalango zowerengeka komanso zosakanikirana, ndipo kunja kwanyengoyo zimakonda maluwa ndi zitsamba zabwino. Zomera zili m'malo otentha a Europe ndi Asia.

Kum'mwera kwa masanjidwewo, mbalame zimakhazikika, ndipo okhala kumpoto amakhala nthawi yachisanu kumwera.

M'mapiri amapezeka pamalo okwera pafupifupi 1,500 m pamwamba pa nyanja, ndi ku Himalayas ndi pamwamba 3,000 m.

Mpaka pano, mabizinesi 15 adadziwika. Mayendedwe osankhidwa ndiofala ku Central ndi Eastern Europe. Kalata yokhala ndi mutu wagolide (Regulus satrapa) wokhala ku North America kale ankadziwika kuti ndi boma, ndipo tsopano amadziwika ngati mtundu wina.

Khalidwe

Oimira mtundu wamtunduwu amadzera pomwe spruce wamba (Picea abies) ndi fir (Abies) amakula. Nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa m'nkhalango za paini, m'mapaki ndi m'minda.

Mbalame zosamukira zimatha kuuluka makilomita 250-800 patsiku ndi mphepo yabwino.

Nthawi zambiri amayimapo nthawi yomwe ndege zimakhala pafupi ndi anthu kukafunafuna chakudya. Amamuchitira munthu mololera ndipo saopa kwambiri kupezeka kwake pafupi.

Mu nthawi ya masika ndi nthawi yotentha, mbalame zimadya nyama zazing'ono zopanda nyama, kuphatikizapo ntchentche, udzudzu ndi akangaude. Nthawi ndi nthawi, nthangala za mitengo yodziyimira zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya. Amadyetsa anapiye awo ndi makoswe apamwamba a kalori ndi arachnids yaying'ono (Arachnida).

M'nyengo yozizira, mafumu nthawi zambiri amafunafuna chakudya panthaka, mosatopa akuyang'ana ngodya zokhazokha kwambiri kukafunafuna chakudya ngakhale kumadzikwirira mu chipale chofewa. Usodzi ku nthambi za spruce, zimapachika mozondoka. Chifukwa chake nchosavuta kwa iwo kupeza mwayi wogwirapo.

Kukula kocheperako sikuloleza kuti mbalame izigwira wogwidwa ndi miyendo yake kapena kung'amba ndi mulomo wake, motero amakakamizidwa kuchita zinthu zazing'ono zamtundu uliwonse. Kusaka kuyenera kuthera mpaka 90% ya nthawi. Ludzu la mbalame limachotsedwa ndi mame ndi mvula zamkuntho.

Mfumu yokhala ndi chikaso chodziwika bwino chifukwa chokonda kuyera. Nthawi zambiri amatsuka nthenga zake, ndipo mkati molt amamwa njirayi mpaka mphindi 20, ngakhale zimatenga pafupifupi mphindi zitatu. M'nyengo yozizira, imapangidwa nthawi zambiri, koma kwa masekondi ochepa. Kutenga mwayiwu, wotsuka samadzisangalatsa yekha pakusamba zovala.

Usiku, mbalame zimayang'ana nthambi za spruce wandiweyani, kuti mutha kubisala nyengo kuchokera mbali zonse. Samagwiritsa ntchito maenje. Mu nthawi yozizira, amapanikizana kwambiri, chifukwa atasonkhana angapo. Pofuna kupulumutsa mphamvu, kutentha kwa thupi lawo kumatsikira mpaka 10 ° C, ndipo metabolism imachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Kusinthasintha kumeneku kumawathandiza kupulumuka usiku wa chisanu pomwe thermometer imatsikira mpaka -25 ° C.

Mdani wamkulu wachilengedwe ndi Sparrowhawk (Accipter nisus). Pocheperako, amakhala msonkho wa nyambo ya nyemba (Falco columbarius), kadzidzi wa imvi (Strix aluco) ndi kadzidzi wa nthawi yayitali (Asio otus).

Mawonekedwe

Mbalame yaying'ono kwambiri, yomwe imatalikirana, yopanga nthenga, yokhala ndi mchira waifupi kwambiri, khosi lalifupi komanso mutu waukulu. Kutalika kwa thupi 9-10 masentimita, mapiko 17-16 cm, kulemera kwa 4-8 g. Pamwamba pali maolivi obiriwira, pansi ndi otuwa, mikwingwirima iwiri yoyera yokhala kumapiko. Mzere wachikaso wokhala ndi malire akuda amathamangira korona, wotambalala ndi tint ya lalanje mwaimuna ndi tint ya mandimu. Mbalameyo ikasangalala, nthenga zachikaso zimadzuka ndikupanga pang'ono. Kuzungulira diso pali mphete yaifupi yopyapyala. Mlomo ndi woonda komanso wowongoka. Mbalame zazing'ono ndizofanana ndi akulu, mosiyana ndi iwo posakhalapo ndi bulangeti wachikaso pamitu yawo mpaka kugwa koyamba. Pafupifupi ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, kabuku kamene kali ndi mutu wofiira, komwe kamapezeka ku Russia kokha m'chigawo cha Pskov komanso kumadzulo kwa Greater Caucasus, kali ndi nsidze yoyera komaso poyambira. Korolsovaya scallop, yofala ku Siberia ndi Far East, ili ndi nsidze wachikaso, chingwe chakuda kudzera m'maso komanso malo achikasu kumbuyo. Gawani magulu ena 14 a mfumu ya mutu wachikasu, omwe amasiyana mitundu mwatsatanetsatane.

Mawu

Nyimboyi imadziwika mosavuta ndi nyimbo zake, makamaka ngati zimavuta kudziwa m'nkhalangomo. Kulimbikitsidwa kwachizolowezi - kufinya pang'ono kwa "qi-qi-qi", komwe kumapangidwa ndi magulu awiri atatu ndipo kumachitika kwambiri - anthu okalamba ambiri samazindikira phokoso pamtunduwu. Nyimboyi ndi ya melodic, imakhala ndi mawu osinthana azungu azizimba kwambiri "priyut-ii ... pri-tyut-ii ... priyut", kumapeto kwake kuli kutulutsa kochepa. Nyimboyi, yomwe imakhala kwa masekondi 6, imakonda kubwerezedwa katatu mzere. Nthawi zina nyimbo imakhazikitsidwa ndi nyimbo kuchokera kumawu amodzi kapena angapo monosyllabic mumawu omwewo.

Kuyimba pafupipafupi kwamphongo kumapitilirabe nthawi yakubereketsa - kuyambira pakati pa Epulo mpaka Ogasiti, pamene anapiye a ana achiwiriwo amatha kupuluka. Kuyimba kwa abambo amodzi kumatha kumveka kumapeto kwa February kapena March, komanso mu Seputembara. Nyimboyi ikuwonetsa chisangalalo chonse cha mbalameyo, ndipo sichimalumikizidwa kokha ndi malo amtchire kapena matching

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Chithunzi: Kinglet-Wotuwa wachikasu

Mfumu ya mutu wachikaso imasankhidwa kukhala banja la korolkovye, gulu la passerines komanso mtundu wa Mafumu. Monga tawonera kale, uyu ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri, makamaka a nkhalango zowirira. Mbalameyo idakhala ndi dzina lachifumu chifukwa cha kupezeka pamutu pa Mzere wowoneka wachikasu wofanana ndi chisoti chachifumu chagolide. Ku Germany, mfumu imatchedwa "cockerel chagolide nthawi yachisanu", chifukwa imawulukira kudzikoli nthawi yozizira yokha. M'mbuyomu, ku Russia mbalameyi inkatchedwa "koloko", makamaka chifukwa cha kakang'ono kakang'ono.

Chochititsa chidwi: Akazi, mzere wa corona umakhala ndi chikasu cha mandimu, pomwe amuna ndi amtambo wachikasu. Amuna, ndi onse.

Kanema: Kinglet wokhala ndi mutu

Ngakhale kuti Korolek sanatuluke ndi kukula, nthano zimapangidwa za iye. Mmodzi wa iwo amachitira umboni kuti amachotsa. Amati nthawi ina pakati pa mbalamezi pamakhala mkangano wokhudza ndani wa iwo amene amauluka pafupi ndi dzuwa. Zikuwoneka kuti chiwombankhanga chonyadayo ndi amene akutsogolera pankhondo iyi, koma chakumapeto kwenikweni mfumu yaying'ono idatuluka kuchokera pansi pa mapiko a chiwombankhanga, itakwera pamwamba kwambiri kuposa mbalame yodya nyama. Kukula kwa mfumu ya mutu wachikaso ndiyochepa kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalameyo kumachokera pa 9 mpaka 10 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake kumachokera magalamu 4 mpaka 8.

Mwa kukula kwake, tsamba lachifumu lamkaso limaperewera pang'ono:

• urticaria
• korolechnoy scum
• mfumu yokhala ndi mutu wofiyira.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti akatswiri a zamankhwala otsogola apeza mitundu 14 ya mbalameyi, yomwe siyimasiyana malo omwe amakhala, komanso mbali zina za nthenga.

Kodi mfumu yokhala ndi chikasu imakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Kinglet-mutu waku UK ku Russia

Mafumu okhala ndi mutu wachikasu asankha pafupifupi onse a Eurasia, Azores ndi zilumba za Canary. Kumpoto kwa Western Europe, mbalame zodyera zimatha kupezeka pafupifupi kulikonse komwe mabatani amtundu wa chilengedwe amatengera. Kummwera kwa mbalame komwe mumatha kumakumana m'malo ena okha, malo ake amagawika m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Mafumu makumi asanu adapezekanso m'dera la Iberian Peninsula, ku Italy, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa France, ku Romania, ku Balkan. Kumpoto kwa Scandinavia simudzakumana ndi mfumu, pali malo omwe mbalameyi imangowoneka nthawi yozizira nthawi yoyendayenda (Germany).

Chochititsa chidwi: Asayansi apeza kuti mbalame za mbalameyi zimakhala momwe zimakhalira nthawi zambiri ndi malo okhala spruce wamba, fir ndi mitundu ina ya spruce yaku Asia.

Mukukula kwa dziko lathu, mfumu yalemba:

Mitundu yambiri ya mbalame zaku Russia zitha kufikira madera a Nizhny Novgorod, Tambov ndi Penza. Kinglet wa mutu wachikaso amakhala m'malo a Ukraine.

Monga mukuwonera, mbalameyo imasinthasintha mwanjira yamapiri, motero mutha kuyakumana nayo:

Korolek nthawi zambiri amakhala pamtunda wamakilomita pafupifupi theka ndi theka, koma ku Himalaya kumatha kukumana pamtunda wamakilomita anayi, ku Swiss Alps, mbalame zimawulukira m'mapiri kutalika kupitilira 2 km. Panthawi yoyenda, mfumu imatha kukumana m'malo opezeka Egypt, China ndi Taiwan.

Mafumu okhala ndi mutu wachikasu amapereka zokonda zawo m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri, pomwe nthawi zina madontho a mitengo ya paini ndi fir amapezeka. M'madambo osakanikirana, mbalame zimakhala zambiri nthawi zambiri, zimakonda mitengo yayitali-yosalala komanso nkhalango za mkungudza. Koma nkhalangoyi, komwe liga ndi ma pine wamba amakula, mfumuyo sakonda, motero samangokhala kumeneko. Ku zilumba za Canary, mbalameyi imakhala m'nkhalango ya laurel komanso m'malo omwe pine ya Canary imakula. Kudera la Azores, mfumu idasinthasintha kukhala m'malo a mitengo yama mkungudza yaku Japan ndi mitengo ya mkungudza, chifukwa pafupifupi nkhalango zonse za laurel pano zidadulidwa.

Kodi mfumu ya mutu wachikasu idya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Mbambo ya mutu wa Kinglet

Zakudya za mfumu ya mutu wachikaso ndizosiyanasiyana, zimakhala ndi chakudya cha nyama ndi mbale zachikhalidwe. Zotsirizazi zimapezekanso muzakudya muzaka zozizira, zikafika povuta kwambiri kupeza nyama zazing'ono.

Chifukwa chake, timapepala tating'onoting'ono timakhala osasokoneza kuluma:

• mbozi
• nsabwe za m'masamba
• misomali
• akangaude
• nsikidzi zazing'ono
• makatoni
• zotupa,
• ntchentche
• zopatsa chidwi,
• kumakumakuma,
• kafadala
• udzudzu
• odya
• mitengo yazipatso,
• zipatso ndi zipatso zina.

Mbalame yaying'ono iyi singagwire nyama yayikulu, mfumu siyingathe kuthyola ndi mulomo wake, monga mpheta ndi mbewa zam'madzi nthawi zambiri, imameza wopondayo omwe agwidwa. Kwenikweni, kudyetsa koroleks kumapezeka mu nthambi zodziyanika, kupenda singano, ming'alu yamkati, ndi masikelo a ma cones. Mbalame yokhala ndi mapiko imagwirana ndikuuluka, ikuuluka m'malere, ngati ntchintchi. Nthawi zambiri, mwana wamakhanda amatsikira pansi kukafunafuna chakudya, amakonda kubisala korona wamtengo. Ana akakhala ndi ludzu akamva ludzu, amamwa mame ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mvula kuti aledzere.

Mitundu yaying'ono ya mfumu imazindikira mawonekedwe a zakudya zake, zomwe sizisintha. Korolek akupitilizabe kudya akamayimba matumba ake ndikupanga chakudya chambiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti ili ndi metabolism yofulumira kwambiri komanso kukula kwam'mimba pang'ono. Chakudya chomwe chimayikidwa m'mimba yaying'ono sichingakwanitse kwambiri mbalame yodwala kwambiri, choncho Kinglet amadya mosalekeza kuti akhale okhwima komanso amphamvu. Masana, amadya chakudya chambiri chomwe chimadzichulukitsa kawiri.

Chochititsa chidwi: Ngati mfumu iyenera kufa ndi njala kwa mphindi 12, ndiye kuti thupi lake pakadali pano limatsika ndi wachitatu. Kusala kwa ola limodzi kumatha kubweretsa mbalame yakufa.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Kinglet-Wotulutsa mutu wochokera ku Red Book

Ndizovuta kuti zolengedwa zazing'ono zizikhala zokhazokha, kotero mafumu amatha kutchedwa mbalame zosakanikirana. Nthawi zambiri kugona. Mwambiri, izi ndi mbalame zokhwima kwambiri komanso zamphamvu zomwe zimayenda mosasunthika, zowona mwachangu komanso mwachangu mu korona wamtengowo.

Zotsatira zake, Mafumu amakonda nkhalango za spruce, momwe zimavuta kudziwa m'nthambi za spruce, chifukwa zobisika za mbalamezi ndizokwera. Miyendo yakutali ya mbalamezo imawalola kupachika nthambi ngakhale m'munsi; munthawi izi, mafumu amawoneka ngati mipira ya Khrisimasi.Ngati ndizovuta kuwona mfumu, ndiye kuti imatha kupezeka ndikuyimba, momwe mulitali kwambiri ndi ofanana ndi mawu a "qi-qi-qi".

Pakati pa Mafumu pamakhala mbalame zonse zokhazikika ndi mbalame zosamukasamuka. Zoyambazo zimangokhala malo amodzi ndipo sizichoka, omaliza amasamukira mtunda wautali kapena kusamukira kutali kuti akakhale komwe amakhala. Monga lamulo, mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumwera zimakhazikika, ndipo mbalame zakumpoto ndizosamuka. Nthawi zambiri, mafumu sataya malire a kukula kwa nkhalango zowirira.

Chochititsa chidwi: Mafumu osamukira amatha kugonjetsedwa makilomita 200 mpaka 800 tsiku limodzi, pokhapokha ndi mphepo yabwino.

Nthawi zambiri panthawi yosamukira amayimilira mkati mwa malo okhala, momwe amapumulirako ndikudzilimbitsa. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mbalame zazing'ono sizimawopa anthu ndipo zimawachitira anthu mokhulupirika, osasoka komanso osawopa miyendo iwiri.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: King mutu wamtundu wachilengedwe mwachilengedwe

Nyengo yaukwati yamfumu yokhala ndi mutu wachikasu imatha kuyambira mwezi wa Epulo, ndikuyamba kuyambitsa chilimwe. Mbalame zimakopa akazi kapena amuna, zimapondaponda mawonekedwe awo owala, omwe panthawiyi amakhala ngati korona. Mapiko otambalala, kuimba ma roulade, kusungunula michira yochepa ndi chizindikiro cha chidwi.

Akapeza mnzake, amunawo amapeza chiwembu chawo, chomwe chimatetezedwa mosamala ku mitundu yonse yobisika. Ngati wopikisana naye akadakhalapo, ndiye kuti mwamunayo amamuwopseza, ndikuwononga mawonekedwe ake, kufalitsa mapiko ake, ndikugwada ndi thupi lonse. Ngati maukadaulo odabwitsa sathandizira, ndiye kuti olimbana nawo amalowa mochenjera.

Chochititsa chidwi: Madera a mabanja amodzi nthawi zambiri amafalikira pamitengo 18, dera lawo ndi 0.25 ha. Gawoli ndi lokwanira kudyetsa anthu awiriwo komanso ana awo.

Woyendetsa mlomo akuchita ntchito yomanga chisa. Nesting, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala pansi pa mthunzi wa wandiweyani spruce paws, yomwe imateteza bwino ku nyengo yopanda nyengo. Pomanga, yamphongo imagwiritsa ntchito moss, lichens, nthambi zing'onozing'ono, ndizitali, zomwe zimamangidwa ndi ulusi waziphuphu zamtundu uliwonse, mkati mwa bedi ndizokhazikika pansi, nthenga ndi tsitsi la nyama.

Chisa chimakhala ngati chozama komanso chofiyira kapangidwe kapu yopingasa, yomwe imakhala kutalika kwa 4 mpaka 12 metres. M'litali mwake muli mainchesi 10, ndipo zimatenga pafupifupi milungu itatu kuti amange. Ngati zinthu zili bwino, ndiye kuti wamkazi amatha kuimiriranso kangapo, woyamba udzagwa mu Epulo, ndipo wachiwiri pakati pa Juni. Manambala osoka kuchokera ku mazira 8 mpaka 10 omwe ali otsekemera mu utoto ndipo amawoneka ndi madontho a bulauni, amapanga mawonekedwe kumbali yoyaka.

Chosangalatsa: Mazira a Mafumu ndi 10mm mulifupi ndi 12 mm kutalika. Unyinji wonse wa omanga wonse umaposa unyinji wa akazi peresenti 20.

Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imakhala kwa masiku 16, mayi woyembekezerayo amatanganidwa, ndipo mnzake amamuwadyetsa nthawi yonseyi. Ana amabadwa opanda nthenga komanso osathandizidwa kwathunthu. Mu sabata yoyamba, mayi sangathe kuwasiya, motero bambo wachikondi amathamangira ngati wamisala kuti adyetse aliyense, akumabweretsa chakudya mpaka katatu pa tsiku. Pakatha sabata limodzi, chimfine choyambirira chimapezekanso anapiye, pomwe chimadziwuluka chimafunafuna chakudya, chamwini ndi cha ana ake, ndikupangitsa tsogolo la abambowo. Ana amakula msanga ndipo ali ndi zaka 20 zakubadwa amapanga zisa zawo zoyambira pachifuwa, ndipo amatha kupanga ndege zoyendera mwezi umodzi.

Chochititsa chidwi: Kuteteza anawo, makolowo amawatsuka mosamala, akumachotsa zipolopolozo kuzira mazira ndi ndowe za ana.

Zikuyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti nthawi yotalikirana ndi mafumu a chilengedwe ndi ochepa, pafupifupi, mbalame zazing'onozi zimakhala ndi moyo zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Ngakhale pali abodza odziwika bwino omwe akhala zaka zisanu.

Adani achilengedwe a mfumu yachikasu

Chithunzi: Kinglet-mutu waku UK ku Russia

Mafumu aang'ono amavutika, ndipo ali ndi adani okwanira kuthengo.

Pakati pawo, mutha kulembapo mbalame zodya nyama ngati izi:

Chinsinsi chonyansa kwambiri komanso chosasangalatsa kwambiri ndi kambuku. Zachidziwikire, choyambirira, anapiye ang'onoang'ono komanso achinyamata osadziwa zambiri amavutika ndi nyama zodyedwa. Korolkov nthawi zambiri imapulumutsidwa chifukwa cholimba, luso komanso kusunthasuntha kwambiri, kotero, amatha kuchoka pachiwopsezo chodzidzimutsa ndi nthambi zobisika. Mphaka wamba, yemwe samasiyana ndi mbalame zosaka, akhoza kuukira mbalame yosamukasamuka yomwe yasiya kupumula m'malo okhala.

Nthawi zambiri mafumu amavulazidwa ndi kuzizira kwambiri komanso nyengo yoipa. Mbalame zimapulumutsidwa ndikugwetsa nkhosa ndikugwiritsitsana kwambiri, kagayidwe kake kamacheperachepera, ndipo kutentha kwa thupi kumachepera kuti apulumutse mphamvu. Zinthu zoterezi zimathandizira kupulumuka nyengo yozizira kwambiri makumi awiri ndi isanu.

Adani a mafumu amathanso kuwerengedwa ngati munthu yemwe amalowerera mosinthana ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, kusokoneza kayendedwe ka mbalame. Kudula nkhalango, kuyika misewu yayikulu, kukulitsa madera azitawuni, kumakulitsa chilengedwe chonse, anthu amadana ndi zomwe mbalame zimachita, zomwe sizingasokoneze.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Kodi tsitsi lofiirira limawoneka bwanji?

Ngakhale magawo omwe amagawidwa ndi Mafumu achik mutu achikaso ndi ochulukirapo, kulibe ambiri mwa mbalamezi m'malo ena, anthu awo adachepetsa kwambiri. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha mbiri yoyipa ya anthu, yomwe, nthawi zambiri, yomwe imakhala yowopseza kwambiri kwa oimira ambiri anyani, kuphatikiza mfumu yachikasu.

M'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kwa nkhalango zowoneka bwino kunachitika, komwe kunachepetsa kwambiri gawo la mbalame zazing'onozi. Izi sizichitika kulikonse komwe mbalame zimaperekedwa, m'malo ambiri, m'malo mwake, chiwerengero cha mfumu chikadali chokwanira. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, zimasiyana kuchokera pa 19 mpaka 30 miliyoni awiriawiri.

Chifukwa chake, mkhalidwe wa kuchuluka kwa mafumu amutu wachikasu m'madera osiyanasiyana ali ndi boma losiyana. M'malo ena, mbalame yaing'ono yotuwa imafunikira kuteteza.

Pomwe panali mbalame zochepa zomwe zatsala, zovuta zoyipazo zinali:

• Kuchepetsa nkhalango zowirira chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa,
• kulowererapo kwa anthu mwachilengedwe komanso kuwonongeka kwawo,
• zachiwawa, zachuma, ntchito za anthu,
• kuwononga chilengedwe.

Asungidwe a Mfumu-Ya mutu

Chithunzi: Kinglet-Wotulutsa mutu wochokera ku Red Book

Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa Mafumu omwe ali ndi mutu wachikaso sikuli paliponse, m'malo ena achepetsa kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa cha zovuta zakumayiko. Izi zimadetsa nkhawa mabungwe ambiri azachilengedwe ndikuwakakamiza kuti achitepo kanthu kuteteza mbalame zazing'onozi.

Padziko lonse lapansi, mfumu yomwe ili ndi mutu wachikaso yalembedwa pa Zowonjezera ziwiri za Msonkhano wa Berne, walembedwa pa Appendix II ya Bonn Convention. Kinglet imalembedwanso m'mabuku osiyanasiyana a Red Red. Kinglet ya mutu wachikaso walembedwa mu Red Book of the Republic of Crimea ngati mitundu yosowa. Cholepheretsa chachikulu pano ndikuchepetsa m'dera la nkhalango za spruce. Korolek ndi mbalame ya Red Book m'mapiri akuluakulu a Buryatia, pomwe amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wachilengedwe wokhazikika. Mbalameyi imatetezedwa m'malo a Barguzinsky ndi Baikal malo, komanso yotetezedwa m'malo osungirako a Trans-Baikal ndi Tunkinsky.

Kinglet yokhala ndi chikasu ndi mbalame zosowa m'dera la Lipetsk, pomwe adalembedweramo Buku Lofiira Red kuyambira 2003. Apa, mbalameyi imakhala yodziwika nthawi ya ndege yozizira, ndipo nthawi ya nesting imawonedwa ngati yabwino. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa malo oyenera okonzera malo okhala chisa (nkhalango zazitali za spruce).

Njira zazikulu zachitetezo m'magawo osiyanasiyana ndi:

• Kuzindikiritsa malo okhala malo osungira nthawi zonse ndi kuphatikizidwa m'mndandanda wa malo otetezedwa,
• kusasokoneza kwa anthu mwachilengedwe
• kuwerenga zam'mudzi ndi mbalame zochuluka mdera lina,
• kuyang'anira mosalekeza malo okhala ndi malo okhala,
• kubzala mitengo yatsopano ya spruce.

Mwachidule, tifunika kuwonjezera kakang'onoko ndipo, nthawi zina, kosateteza mutu wamaso wachikasu, imadzaza mzimu wa munthu ndi chidwi, chifukwa mphamvu zake zosaneneka, kusunthasuntha kwakukulu, nzeru zopanda malire, zimapereka mphamvu komanso zimangosangalatsa. Mbalame yaying'ono nthawi zambiri imakumana ndi zovuta zingapo zaumoyo zomwe zimatha kuthana ndi izi. Ndikofunikira kuti anthu azisamalira crumb iyi mwachidwi ndi chisamaliro chapadera, ndiye kuti dziko lazungulira inu lidzakhala labwino komanso losangalala!

Dera

Kinglet yokhala ndi chikaso chofalikira kumayiko ambiri ku Eurasia, komanso ku Canary ndi Azores. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zamtunduwu zimakhala pakati pa Julayi isotherms ya 14 ° C ndi 23 ° C, ndipo zimagwirizana kwathunthu ndi gawo logawidwa wamba la spruce, komanso mitundu ina ya ku Asia ya spruce. Kumpoto kwa chigawo chakumadzulo kwa Western Europe kumakhala chisa kulikonse, komwe kuli ma biotopu oyenera, kum'mwera mtunduwo wagawika - mbalame zimangokhala zisa m'malo akum'mawa kwa Iberian Peninsula, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa France, ku Italy, mayiko a m'chigawo cha Balkan ndi Romania. Kumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa mapiri a Pyrenees komanso kumpoto kwa Scandinavia kulibe, paliponse m'gawo lonselo limachitika nthawi yayitali nthawi yayitali.

Akukwera kumpoto ku Norway mpaka 70 ° C. sh., ku Karelia ndi pa Kola Peninsula mpaka 67 ° C. sh., pakati pa Nyanja Yoyera ndi Ural Range mpaka 65 ° C. ., mu Ural Range ndi ku Western Siberia mpaka 62 ° C. ., to the East Sayan ndi Khamar-Daban wokwera. Ku Ukraine, kumwera mpaka ku Kiev, madera akumpoto kwa Chernihiv ndi madera a Sumy, ku Russia kupita ku Tambov, Penza, Nizhny Novgorod zigawo, kupita ku Southern Urals, ku Western Siberia mpaka 54 ° C. ., mpaka pakati ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Altai, Western Sayan, Tannu-Ola ndi Khamar-Daban.

Zigawo zapadera ku Crimea, ku Asia Minor m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi Black Seas, m'malo otsetsereka a Caucasus, Armenian Taurus ndi Elburz. Dzhungarsky Alatau, Ketmen, Tien Shan kumwera kumalire kwa Alai. Kuchokera pa Safedhokh Range ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Himalaya chakum'mawa kwa Himalayas kupita kumpoto kwa Yunnan. East Tibet chakum'mawa kukafika kumalire a Qinling komanso m'mphepete chakum'mawa kwa mapiri a Sino-Tibet, kumpoto mpaka kumalire a Richtofen, kumwera mpaka kumpoto kwa Yunnan. Britain, Canary, Azores, Sardinia, Sisily, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands Iturup, Kunashir ndi Shikotan, Japan Hokkaido ndi Honshu.

Habitat

M'madera ambiri, biotope yoyamba ndi mitengo yayitali ndipo nthawi zina imasakanikirana ndi paini wamapiri (Pinus gawo) ndi fir yoyera. Zosakhazikika nthawi zambiri m'nkhalango zosakanizika ndi zokongola za mapiri ataliitali, zimapewetsa nkhumba zokhala ndi mafuta wamba komanso pine wamba nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Kumpoto ndi Siberia, ndi mtundu wa taiga yamdima yovuta, komabe, imapezeka kumeneko kawirikawiri - mwina idaphunziridwa mosavomerezeka chifukwa chobisalira. Ku Azores, komwe nkhalango yam'madzi yakunyumba ili pafupi kudulidwa, imasinthidwa bwino ndi mitengo yamkungudza yaku Japan, ndipo ili ndi timitengo yaying'ono ya Azores juniper. Mu Canaries, kuwonjezera pa nkhalango ya laurel, imadzala mwakufuna kwawo kutchire ndikuchita nawo pine Canary (Pini canariensis) ndi paini wowala ubwera kuno. Munthawi yopanda kuswana, ma biotopu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo atha kukhala zitsamba, nkhalango zowuma ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, minda ndi mapaki. Imapezeka kumapiri mpaka pamwamba pa nkhalango - ku Swiss Alps mpaka 2200 m, ku Caucasus mpaka 2000 m, ku Himalayas mpaka 4000 m, ku Japan mpaka 2600 m pamwamba pamadzi.

Zomwe zimakhala

Mitundu yambiri yokhazikika, imasunthira mosakhazikika m'miyezi yozizira. Kumpoto kokhako komwe amayenda komwe kumayendedwe chakumwera kumakhala mawonekedwe osamukira kwathunthu. Kukula kwa kayendedwe kotere kumatha kusiyanasiyana kwambiri: zaka zina, nyumba zamfumu za nthawi yophukira zimafanana ndi zotulukapo zambiri - kuwukira, pomwe ena sazindikira. Kusiyana kumeneku sikufotokozedwa kokha ndi kuuma kwa nyengo yachisanu, komanso ndi mpikisano wowonjezereka wa mbalame zopezera chakudya zaka zina. Ngati nyengo yozizira m'mbuyomu nyengoyo inali yocheperako, mbalame zambiri zimatha kukhala ndi moyo nthawi ino ndikulera ana - kuchuluka ochulukitsa amakakamiza mbalame kuti zikafune chakudya kumadera okhala ndi nyengo yofunda. Monga mbalame zazing'ono zazing'ono, monga chamba kapena chodzala, nyengo yozizira, Mafumu amakhala usiku m'magulu mumtambo wina, akumamatirana kwambiri.