(lat. Chimbudzi ) Ndi mtundu wa mbalame zokhala ndi miyendo yayitali, komwe ndikuyimira okha a Flamingoids ndi banja la Flamingo. Mafelemu sangasokonezeke ndi mbalame ina iliyonse chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a thupi komanso mtundu wodabwitsa wa nthenga. Awa ndi mbalame zazikulu (kutalika kwa 120-145 cm, kulemera kwa 2100-4100 g, mapiko 149-165 cm), zazikazi zazing'ono kuposa zazimuna ndi zazifupi. Mutu wa flamingo ndi wocheperako, mulomo wake ndi waukulu ndipo pakati ndi wowoneka bwino (wondozeka). Mosiyana ndi mbalame zambiri, zomwe zili mu flamingo, gawo logwedezeka la mulomo ndi lotsika osati kumtunda. M'mphepete mwa mlomo ndi mulomo pali timiyala tating'ono tating'ono tokhala ngati ma denticles ndikupanga zida zojambula. Miyendo ya malawi ndi yayitali kwambiri, zala 4 kumiyendo, miyendo itatu yakutsogolo yolumikizidwa ndi nembanemba yosambira. Zambiri mwa mbalamezi zimakhala zotayirira komanso zofewa. Mtundu wowerengeka wa masanjidwe osiyanasiyana a flamesos amachokera ku pinki wotumbululuka mpaka wofiyira kwambiri, malekezero amapiko ndi akuda. Mtundu wa pinki ndi wofiyira wa mafinyawo ndi chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa tiziwalo ta utoto - utoto wonenepa wa gulu la carotenoid. Izi zimapezeka ndi mbalame kuchokera kuzakudya, kuchokera kuma crustaceans osiyanasiyana. Muukapolo, patatha zaka 1-2, ma pinki ofiira ofiira nthawi zambiri amatha chifukwa cha chakudya chofanana. Koma ngati mukuwonjezera mwachangu ma carotenoids ofiira omwe ali mu kaloti ndi ma beets ku flamesos, mtundu wa mbalame umakhalabe wokhutira. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala zofiirira, zimangovala chovala chachikulire mchaka chachitatu cha moyo.
Nkhani yakugawika kwa flamesos kwazaka zambiri yakhala nkhani yovuta pakati pa akatswiri. Flamingos ali ndi machitidwe wamba ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a mbalame, ndipo sizikudziwikabe kuti ndi gulu liti lomwe amagwirizana kwambiri. Anatomically, ali ofanana ndi mbuluzi, ndipo machitidwe awo ali ngati mafoni amadzi, ngati atsekwe.
Flamingo wolemba Murat
Mpaka posachedwa, ma flamesos adapatsidwa dongosolo la Ciconiiformes, komabe, asayansi adazindikira kuti flamos ziyenera kuyikidwa padera lina - Flamingos (Latin Phoenicopteriformes).
Kufalikira Kwofewa ndi Deepak Pawar
Chiwerengero cha mitunduchi chikadali kukambirana, koma olemba misonkho ambiri amagawa banja la Chikukuta mitundu isanu ndi umodzi:
- Wamba flamingo - amakhala ku Africa, kumwera kwa Europe komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia.
- Red flamingo - amakhala ku Caribbean, kumpoto kwa South America, Yucatan Peninsula ndi Zilumba za Galapagos.
- Ku Flaningo waku Chile - wopezeka madera akumwera chakumadzulo kwa South America.
- Flamingo yaying'ono - Imapezeka kudera la Africa, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India komanso kum'mawa kwa Pakistan.
- Andean flamingo ndi Flamingo james - amakhala ku Chile, Peru, Bolivia ndi Argentina.
Flamingo Dance yolembedwa ndi Graham Richard
Chachikulu kwambiri pamtunduwu ndi Ordinary flamingo, kukula kwake kumafikira 1.2 mpaka 1.5 metres, kulemera - mpaka 3.5 kg. Mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri ndi Flamingo Wamtundu Wocheperako, womwe ndi 80 cm ndipo wolemera pafupifupi 2 kg.
Pink Flamingos wolemba PRASIT CHANSAREEKORN
Flamingos ndi amodzi mwamabanja akale kwambiri a mbalame. Zotsalira za flossos zakale, zoyandikira kwambiri masiku ano, zaka 30 miliyoni zapitazo, zolengedwa zakale kwambiri zaka zoposa 50 miliyoni zapitazo.
Flamingo wolemba Roie Galitz
Zinthu zakale zimapezeka m'malo omwe lero simukutha kuwona zamoto - madera ena a Europe, North America ndi Australia. Izi zikusonyeza kuti m'mbuyomu anali ndi malo ambiri okhala.
"Model" wolemba Gorazd Golob
Mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya malawi a moto amagawika m'magulu awiri kutengera ndi kukula kwa mulomo wawo.Mlomo wamiyala wamba, Yofiyira, ndi ya ku Chile wayala kwambiri maulalo kuwalola kudya ma crustaceans ang'ono, ma mollus, tizilombo, mbewu zobzala, ndi nsomba zazing'ono.
"Pinki," wolemba Murat
Mbalame kuchokera pagulu lachiwiri - Andean, Aang'ono ndi James flamesos sakhala ochepa zakudya chifukwa cha mtunda wopendekera pakati pa mbale zam'mlomo. Mitundu iyi yamalawi imatha kudya zakudya zazing'onozing'ono zokha (makamaka, algae ndi plankton), kumasefa.
Kusamba kwa Flamingo ”Wolemba ngakhale Liu
Zikomo zakudya zina, wolemera mu carotene, nthenga amakhala mphama pinki. Ma flameso onse, kupatula anthu akumpoto, amangokhala. Kuti mudziwe ana amphaka, flames amayembekeza nyengo yamvula. Mvula yamvumbi imangowapatsa chakudya komanso zinthu zomangira chisa, komanso imawateteza kwa adani. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mphama pinki ang'ono wofiira crustacean Artemia ndi mazira ake. Kuphatikiza apo, ma flames adyera ena crustaceans, komanso ma mollusks, mphutsi za tizilombo, ndi mphutsi. Mitundu ina imadya buluu wobiriwira ndi ma diatoms. Akuyang'ana chakudya m'malo osaya. Kupita kutali m'madzi, miyendo yake yaitali, flamingo choviikidwa mutu wake pansi pa madzi, ndi kukumba ndi mlomo wake pansi pa dziwe. Nthawi yomweyo, korona wa mbalameyo pafupifupi amagwira pansi, chibwano chapamwamba chili pansi, ndipo m'munsi chimakhala pamwamba. Amamwa ma flameso osasalala komanso madzi abwino pamvula, madonthowa amadzimadzi oyenda pansi.
"Kukongola Kwabwino" ndi Murat
Mu mwake mkulu-conical a miyala, ndi matope ndi matope flamingo zimaswa chimodzi (nthawi zina awiri kapena atatu) lalikulu dzira. Pakatha miyezi iwiri ndi theka, anapiyewo amakula ndikuyamba kuuluka okha, ndipo patatha zaka zitatu amatha kubereka ana awo. Flamingos chisa m'magulu akuluakulu a awiriawiri mpaka 20,000 (ku India - awiriawiri mpaka 2,000,000). Chisa ndi chopindika cha silt ndi gypsum. Mu kusanjika mazira 1-2 amene yoyambitsidwa ndi mwamuna ndi mkazi masiku 27-32, ana nazonso atamusamalira ndi makolo onse awiri. Chingwe chimabwanyidwa pansi, chamaso komanso ndi mulomo mwachindunji. Kwa miyezi iwiri, makolo amawadyetsa "burp", yomwe, kuphatikiza pa chakudya chokhazikika, imakhala ndi zofunikira za tiziwalo timene timachepera m'mimba ndi kapamba. Amadzimadzi amtunduwu amatha kufananizidwa ndi chakudya chamkaka wam'mayi; Anapiye kusiya chisa mwa masiku angapo pambuyo kuswa, ndi za zaka loyamba mwezi fluffy chovala changa lachiwiri. Omwe adasiyidwa opanda makolo, anapiye omwe adasiya kale chisa, amasokera m'magulu akuluakulu (mpaka 200) ndipo akuyang'aniridwa ndi "aphunzitsi ogwira ntchito" omwe atsalira. Achichepere amakhala ndi luso lotha kuwuluka patsiku la 65-75 la moyo, pamsinkhu womwewo pamapeto pake amapanga zida zojambula.
Flamingo wolemba Faisal AL-Shahrani
Flamingo - monogamous, makolowo amakuonani osachepera zaka zingapo. Pa mbalame zokhala nesting zimateteza chisa chokha. Kuthengo, zikuwoneka kuti, amakhala zaka 30, ndipo ali mu ukapolo motalikirapo (mpaka zaka 40).
Kukongola Kwabwino ndi Adrian Tavano
Flamingo limatchedwa "moto mbalame" chifukwa iwo ndi zina zikuuluka kwenikweni yowala. Nthawi zina flamesos amatchedwa "mbalame yam'mawa kucha", chifukwa m'mitundu ina maula ndi ofiira pinki. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi khosi komanso miyendo yayitali kwambiri, ndipo monga Pulofesa N. A. Gladkov adalemba, "polankhula za kukula kofanana, zithunzi zamoto zimawoneka ngati mbalame yayitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi." Pali miyambo yambiri yosangalatsa yokhudza ma flameso. Mwachitsanzo, mmodzi wa iwo amanena kuti kamodzi njoka madzi anaganiza kumana iwo flamingo anapiye. Koma mbalame sizinapatse anapiye awo kwa njoka. Kenako njoka zinayamba kuzunza mbalamezo - zinayamba kuluma miyendo, pang'onopang'ono zikukwera m'mwamba. Koma mbalamezo zinalekerera ndipo zinaima chilili m'madzi mpaka anapiye atakula. Ndipo anapiye ngati podziwa chimene chikuchitika, "kuyesera" amakula msanga.Ndi chidwi kuti nthano izi, ndithudi, kanthu kochita ndi mtundu wa mphama miyendo palibe, ananenera item mmodzi weniweni: flamingo anapiye amabadwa chachabechabe, koma posachedwapa, awiri - masiku atatu, ndi palokha ndithu.
Dzina lachi Russia - Pinki (wamba) flamingo
Dzina lachi Latin - Phoenicopterus roseus
Chizungu - Wamkulu flamingo
kalasi - Mbalame (Aves)
Kufikira - phoenicopteriformes (Phoenicopteriformes)
banja - Kuwala (Phoenicopteridae)
mtundu - Flamingo (Phoenicopterus)
Mpaka posachedwa, ma pinki ndi ofiira amoto anali kuwonedwa ngati mitundu yofanana ya mitundu yomweyo;
Malo osungira
Panopa chiopsezo kutha likuoneka osati kukumbukira kuti anthu ake ndi osakhazikika. Iye anabweretsa Mayiko Red Book monga nkhawa osachepera zaka 10 - IUCN (LC), ndipo m'gulu la Convention loona Trade zatsala pang'ono kutha wa Wild Zinyama ndi flory- yatchula II.
Ku Russia ndi mawonekedwe osasanjika, otalika komanso owonekera. Monga mitundu yosowa ndi flamingo pinki zili m'gulu la Red Book of Russia ndi Kazakhstan.
Chifukwa kugwa kwa chiwerengero - kuchepetsa malo abwino kukaikira mazira ndi chisokonezo.
Maonekedwe a mbalame ya flamingo
Malinga mitundu, flamingo angafikire ukhale osiyana ndi zolemera. Mitundu zing'onozing'ono - yaing'ono flamingo moyo mu Africa kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa, iwo amakula masentimita 80-90 ndi kulemera padziko 1.5-2 makilogalamu.
Zazikulu kwambiri ndizo ma flamesos apinki omwe amakhala ku Europe ndi Asia, kukula kwawo kuli pafupifupi 1.3 metres, ndipo kulemera kwawo ndi kilogalamu 3.5-4.
Chile flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis Molina).
Akazi ndi pang'ono kakang'ono kuposa amuna. Mbendera nthawi zambiri zimayimirira mwendo umodzi. Chifukwa khalidwe sindizo ndendende Mukalongosola, koma malinga ndi kafukufuku atsopano, kotero mbalame kuchepetsa kutentha imfa, chifukwa iwo kukhala kwa maola m'madzi ozizira.
Flamingo ali ndi khosi yaitali. Zowonjezera ndizosiyana - kuyambira zoyera mpaka zofiira.
Red ndi pinki mithunzi ya nthenga Ufumuyo mabakiteriya mu madzi amene muli beta-carotene. The ndege nthenga mapiko a mbalame wakuda. Pakati pa zala pali nembanemba.
Wamkulu flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus).
Mbalame yachilendo chachikulu bilu ndi pansi yokhota kumapeto. Mothandizidwa ndi mulomo wotere, mbalameyi imasefa chakudya m'madzi. kukula achinyamata pabuka-imvi mtundu.
Home kuti mphama
Amakhala kumadera akumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kwa Africa, ku India, madera a Asia Minor ndi Caspian. Mphama amapezeka komanso mu Europe - kum'mwera kwa Spain, Sardinia ndi France. Ngati ife kulankhula za Africa American, pali mphama mwasankha gawo kumpoto kum'mawa kwa America South America Central ndi Florida.
Ochepera flamingo (Phoenicopterus yaying'ono).
Khalidwe la mbalame mphama m'chilengedwe
Habitat Flamingo - gombe yaing'ono amatunga ndi mathamandawa. Mbalamezi zimakhala m'midzi yayikulu, yomwe imatha kukhala ndi mazana aanthu.
Flamingo amangokhala. Mbalame amakonda madzi ndi woipa mkulu wa mchere, lomwe likupezeka mu nkhanu ambiri, koma iwo alibe nsomba.
Pofufuza malo omwe amakonda, mbalame zamoto zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja zamapiri. Dziwani kuti mbalame izi bwino kulekerera otsika kutentha ndi mkulu. Popeza mbalame moyo chilengedwe lankhanza, mapazi awo ataphimbidwa ndi khungu olimba. Nthawi ndi nthawi malawi amayuluka kupita kumadzi oyera, pomwe amaledzera ndikusambitsa mchere wamthupi.
Red flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber).
The mphama kudyetsa
Mbalamezi zimadyera ma crustaceans, algae wobiriwira wobiriwira, ma mollusks, nyongolotsi zazing'ono ndi mphutsi zazomera.
Chakudya Tingafinye wa mphama mu osaya kwambiri. Pa foraging mbalame akutembenukira mutu m'njira kuti pamwamba pa mandible chapamwamba ndi pansi. Madzi amalowa mkamwa ndipo mbalameyo imadzitseka. Madzi amakankhira flamingo pakamwa ntchito kutukwana mwa dongosolo tsitsi, wotchedwa lamellae.
James ndi Flamingo (Phoenicoparrus jamesi).
Chakudya chotsalira pakamwa chimameza mbalameyo. Zimenezi zimachitika mofulumira kwambiri.
Mvera mawu a mphama
Mu clutch, nthawi zambiri, pali dzira limodzi. makulitsidwe nthawi kumatenga 1 month. Makolo kudyetsa anapiye awo wapadera pinki madzi opangidwa ndi zopangitsa mu kholingo.Madzi amenewa amakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri komanso mafuta, motero amakhala ndi thanzi kwambiri.
Nthochi zimakhala pachisa masiku 6, kenako zimayamba kusiya. Makolo amadyetsa ana awo kwa pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Kenako mulomo umapangidwa mwa achichepere, ndipo mbalame zimatha kudya zokha, kusefa chakudya, ngati akulu.
Kukula kwachichepere kumayamba kuwuluka mutatha kufika miyezi 2,5. Malamba akutha msamba pofika zaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Mafeleki samakhala zaka zopitilira 40.
Dansi ya Flamingo.
Flamingo ndi mamuna
Flamingos anali kulemekezedwa ku Egypt ngati nyama yopatulika, ndipo ku Roma wakale, zilankhulo za mbalamezi zimadziwika kuti ndizopatsa thanzi. Amwenye aku South America adawononga flamingo chifukwa cha mafuta awo, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti mafuta amathandizira kuchiritsa chifuwa.
Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa mbalame zokongola izi nakonso kukuchepa, izi zikugwirizana ndi machitidwe azachuma. Madziwe ambiri omwe anali ndi nyumba zoyaka moto ndiouma. Komanso m'madzi, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zovulaza kunakulira kwambiri. Izi zonse zimakhudza anthu onse.
Malo osungirako nyama koyamba adayamba kutulutsa ma flamos mu 1958. Izi zidachitika kumalo osungira nyama a Swel of Swel. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi, flamesos 389 zidabadwa ali mu ukapolo, omwe adasamukira kumalo osungira nyama kwina.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Kodi Flamesos zimakhala kuti ndipo?
Ma flameso apinki ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa flamingo. Flamingos amakhala ku Africa, kumwera kwa Europe komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia. Ku Europe, madera a flamingo amakhala kumwera kwa France, Spain ndi Sardinia. Ku Africa, amalawi amakhala kumwera kwa kontinenti, komanso ku Tunisia, Moroko, Mauritania, Kenya ndi zilumba za Cape Verde. Flamingo amakhala kunyanja zam'mwera kwa Afghanistan, North-West India ndi ku Sri Lanka. Komanso pinki flamingo imakhala m'madzi angapo a Kazakhstan.
Ku Russia, malawi a pinki samakhala chisa, koma amasuntha pafupipafupi kuderalo - pakamwa pa Volga River, m'malo a Krasnodar ndi Stavropol Territories. Ntchentche kum'mwera kwa Siberia, komanso ku Yakutia, Primorye, ku Urals. Malawi a pinki akuuluka kudutsa Russia ku Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan ndi Iran overwinter.
Flamingos amakhala moyo wawo wonse m'magulu osiyanasiyana, chifukwa ndi mbalame zamtendere. Akuyenda malo ndi malo, amasonkhana m'magulu, ndipo akakhala pansi amakhala pansi m'magulu. Ma pinki a moto amakhala pamadzi akuluakulu okhala ndi madzi amchere, m'madzi oyenda panyanja ndi mitsinje, m'madzi osaya ndi malo akutali komanso pansi pamatope. Flamingos amakhala m'mphepete mwa dziwe m'malire akulu, omwe amatha mazana masauzande.
Makanema amoto ambiri amakhala. Mbalamezi zimatha kuyendayenda m'malo omwe zimakhala kuti zikhale ndi malo abwino okhala kapena kusowa kwa chakudya pamalo amodzi. Anthu akumpoto kokha kwa ma pinki flameso ndi omwe amapanga ndege zochezera.
Flamingo amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana ndipo amatha kulekerera kusinthasintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha. Mitundu ya pinki ya flames imadziwika ndi kupirira bwino komanso imatha kupirira ngakhale nyengo itakhala yoipa kwambiri, yomwe si nyama iliyonse yomwe imatha kukhalamo. Amapezeka mumchere wamchere kwambiri kapena zamchere. Izi ndichifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa crustaceans m'madzi amchere, momwe nsomba sizimakhala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mchere. Ma pinki a moto amakhala m'madzi amtaliitali amapiri.
Flamingo wamba imatha kukhala m'malo ovuta kwambiri amchere komanso mchere chifukwa cha khungu lakuthwa pamiyendo. Komanso kuti athetse ludzu lawo komanso kuti asambe mchere, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimapita kukaona madzi abwino.
Kuwongolera anthu akugwirira ntchito zawo komanso kuwononga ndalama zambiri zachititsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi chichepe. Pakadali pano, mitunduyi mu Buku Lofiira la Dziko Lonse ili ndi mbiri "yakuyambitsa nkhawa pang'ono."
Mbendera zimadyera pama crustaceans ang'ono. Flamingos amadya crustaceans, popeza ndiye chakudya chawo chachikulu.Pinki zamalawi zimadwalanso mphutsi, nyongolotsi, mapira ndi algae, zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi osaya. Flamingo imathandizira mbalame kuti ipeze chakudya ndi mulomo, pomwe imasefa chakudya kuchokera kumadzi kapena silt.
Mlomo wa flamingo ali enieni Kapangidwe ka wamba, pa mbali zake Zosefera mu mawonekedwe a mbale ting'onoting'ono scallops. Flamingo amadya m'madzi osaya ndi matope pansi malo osafikirika.
Poyang'ana chakudya, flamingo wamba imatembenuza mutu kuti mulomo wapamwamba ukhale pansipa. Nadklyuvya ndi zimatengedwa amene amathandiza mutu mu zigawo chapamwamba madzi, makamaka wolemera zomera. Mbawala ya pinki imadyanso, ikumatunga madzi pakamwa pake ndikatseka mulomo wake, kenako mbalameyo ikakankhira madzi pamlomo ndi kumeza chakudyacho. Magawo onse azakudya za flamingo amathamanga kwambiri.
adani Natural pinki flamingo ndi zolusa monga nkhandweyo, nkhandwe, ankhandwe ndi adani. Zinyama zazikuluzikulu zokhala ndi mbewa zazikulu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupi ndi madera a flamingo, zimakhalanso pachiwopsezo. Pakakhala ngozi, ma flamos amachoka. Pa zinthu zofunika, iwo Tinayenda laling'ono, limene bwinobwino ikuchitika onse pa madzi ndi pa dziko. Zimakhala zovuta kuti mdani asankhe munthu yemwe akuwatsata, chifukwa pali ambiri aiwo, ndipo akamauluka, mapiko okhala ndi utoto wambiri wokhala ndi nthenga zakuda amalepheretsa nyama zomwe zimadyazo kuti zizingoyang'ana chabe.
Ma pinki ojambula amtundu wa pinki amakhala opanikizana ndipo amapanga awiriawiri omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala moyo wawo wonse. Ngakhale kuti pali anthu amene panyengo iliyonse mating kupeza bwenzi latsopano kulenga banja. Pinki flamesos chisa m'misamba mazana angapo ngakhale masauzande a awiriawiri pafupi wina ndi mnzake.
Nthawi yocheza ya flamesos wamba idayamba kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi; mu Flames zosamukasamuka nthawi imeneyi zimakulitsidwa ndipo zimachitika kuyambira Epulo mpaka August. Kawetedwe mbalame izi zikufika zaka 3, koma mbalame chisa mphama amayamba okha pa zaka 5-6.
Miyezi ingapo isanayambitse chisanu, ma flames o pinki omwe alibe awiriwa amakonza ziwonetsero zokomera gulu momwe aliyense amatenga nawo mbali. Amuna ndi akazi onse amatenga nawo gawovina. Mtundu - chinthu chofunika kwa mphama pinki kudziwa kusankha naye mu nyengo mating. Mkazi amasankha wamphongo. Makanema ochulukirapo ndikutsimikizira kuti mbalameyo ndiyathanzi, ili ndi chikhumbo chabwino ndipo imapereka ana olimba.
Unachitikira awiri mphama samasankha nawo yomwe. Ma flamingo osamukira kwawo amakonzekeretsa kuvina kwawo kwinaku akupumula panjira kupita kumalo okwerera. Kufika panjira maanja omwe amafika nthawi yomweyo akukonzekera kuti zisaoneke. Kwa masabata awiri, akumanga chisa.
Kupanga zisa za flamingo ndikwapadera ndipo ndi phiri lopendekeka ngati 60 centimita m'madzi osaya kuchokera ku dongo ndi silt. Amuna ndi akazi amamanga chisa limodzi. Mu kusanjika 1-3 lalikulu dzira woyera, koma nthawi zambiri kuposa 1 dzira. Makolo onsewa amatenga nawo mbali pang'onopang'ono. Mwana wankhuku ya Flamingo amabadwa masiku 30. Bakuman flamingo zimaswa bwino anayamba, udakali ndi masiku ochepa kusiya chisa.
Flamingos amadyetsa anapiye awo ndi mkaka wa mbalame, womwe ndi pinki. Chakudyacho chimapangidwa mu kuphatikizika kwa mbalame zachikulire ndi zofunikira zapadera ndipo ndizopatsa thanzi kwambiri. Iwo zosadabwitsa kuti mkaka wapatsidwa akazi komanso amuna. Mwana wankhuku ya flamingo yomwe yang'ambika kumene imakutidwa koyamba ndi choyera, kenako ndikuyiyika ndi imvi. Miyendo ya mwana wamkwatibwi wamfupi komanso wakuda, mulomo ndi wofiyira.
Mu mphama pinki ndi mtundu wina wa sukulu ya mkaka kumene flamingo anapiye ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi aphunzitsi, pamene makolo kopeza chakudya. Gulu loterolo limatha kuwerengera ana amphaka 200 olakwika, koma kholo limapeza mwana wakeyo mokweza.
Mwana wang'ombe wamphongo amadya mkaka kwa miyezi iwiri, mpaka mlomo wake umakula kuti uzitha kudya pawokha.Pofika zaka zitatu, ana a flamingo amakula mpaka kukula ndipo amatha kuuluka. Munthawi imeneyi, anapiye a flamingo amatenga maonekedwe oyera a imvi, okhala ndi utoto wofiirira.
Achikulire a mtundu wachinyamata wa flames amakhala ndi zaka zitatu. Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali kwamayendedwe a pinki zaka 30. Koma pali nthawi zina pomwe ali muukapolo flamesos adakhalako zaka 80.
Ngati mumakonda nkhaniyi ndipo mumakonda kuwerenga za nyama zosiyanasiyana zaku dziko lathuli, lembani zomwe mwasinthazo ndikupeza nkhani zaposachedwa komanso zosangalatsa kwambiri zokhudzana ndi zinyama poyamba.
Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa zomwe zigawo za Russia zimapezeka ku malo osungira nyama ku Russia kokha. Modabwitsa modabwitsa ndi chisomo chake chachikulu komanso mtundu wa nthenga zachilendo, zomwe zidayimbidwa mu nyimbo. Kodi Flamingo amakhala kuti? Kodi ndi mikhalidwe iti yomwe amakhala akapolo, mawonekedwe ndi zizolowezi zawo, amadya chiyani?
Flamingo ofiira amakhala ndi zowuluka kuchokera ku pinki kupita pabuluu kapena wofiirira wowala.
Flamingo yaying'ono
Mwa mitundu yonse yamakono, yaying'ono imakhala ndi kukula kocheperako. Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi 80 cm basi (ena opitilira 100 cm). Mumtunduwu, mulomo uli ndi keel yomwe imatsikira kuzama kwa mulomo. Zambiri mwera ndi chakudya chake.
Mukasaka chakudya, flamingo yaying'onoyo siyimatsitsa mulomo wake mpaka pansi, koma imangowatsogolera kuchokera kumbali kupita kumbali yamadzi. Imakhala m'madzi amchere a Tanzania, Kenya, komanso gombe la Persian Gulf (Nyanja ya Sambhor ku India).
Andean flamingo
Malo omwe amakhala ndi nyanja zamchere zomwe zimapezeka ku Andes pamtunda wa 2500 metres (kumpoto ndi pakati pa Chile, kumwera kwa Peru, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Argentina komanso kumadzulo kwa Bolivia). Amakonda nyanja, ndipo nthawi zambiri amamwe madzi okhala ndi gypsum, caustic koloko ndi hydrogen sulfide.
Ma flamingo achikulire amapakidwa utoto oyera-ofiira kapena okongola ofiira okongola chifukwa chautoto womwe umalowa mthupi la mbalame ndimtambo wa crustaceans (chakudya). Mapiko a mbalameyi ndi akuda, miyendo yake ndi yachikasu.
Flamingo james
Mbalame zimakhala ku Andes aku Bolivia komanso ku North Argentina. Chakudya - diatoms. Pali magulu amtunduwu omwe amakhala m'malo ovuta a m'mapiri.
Mtunduwu, womwe umatchedwanso kuti Short-Command, ndi wosowa kwambiri.
Ku Flaningo waku Chile
Iyi ndi flamingo yokhala ndi miyendo yochepa yopezeka ku South America. Panyanja zamapiri (Andes) imatha kukhalira limodzi ndi mitundu yamoto wamoto wofupikitsa.
Utoto wa flamingo waku Chile ndi wopepuka: wofiira kapena oyera-pinki. Mithunzi yofiira imapangidwa pamapiko ophimba, chifukwa chake ma flamesos adalandira dzina lachi Latin lomwe limatanthawuza "mapiko amoto". Miyendo yake imakhala yobiriwira, koma mawondo ndi miyendo ndi ofiira.
Pomaliza
Ndipo kodi flamingo imakhala kuti ku North America?
Mbalamezi ndi amodzi mwa mabanja achikale kwambiri mbalame. Mitembo yawo, yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi mitundu yamakono, inabadwa zaka 30 miliyoni zapitazo, ndi zolengedwa zakale kwambiri zaka zoposa 50 miliyoni.
Anapezeka m'malo omwe ma flames sakhala lero: madera ena a ku Europe, North America ndi Australia. Izi zikusonyeza kuti m'mbuyomu, mbalame zodabwitsazi zinali ndi malo ambiri.
Flamingo (lat. Chimbudzi ) - mtundu wamtali wamiyendo italiitali, womwe ukuyimira wokhazikika wa gulu lalamulo la flamingoid ndi banja lamoto. Mafelemu sangasokonezeke ndi mbalame ina iliyonse chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a thupi komanso mtundu wodabwitsa wa nthenga.
Awa ndi mbalame zazikulu (kutalika kwa 120-145 cm, kulemera kwa 2100 - 4100 g, mapiko 149-165 cm), zazikazi zazing'ono kuposa zazimuna ndi zazifupi. Mutu wa flamingo ndi wocheperako, mulomo wake ndi waukulu ndipo pakati ndi wowoneka bwino (wondozeka). Mosiyana ndi mbalame zambiri, zomwe zili mu flamingo, gawo logwedezeka la mulomo ndi lotsika osati kumtunda. M'mphepete mwa mlomo ndi mulomo pali timiyala tating'ono tating'ono tokhala ngati ma denticles ndikupanga zida zojambula.
Miyendo ya malawi ndi yayitali kwambiri, zala 4 kumiyendo, miyendo itatu yakutsogolo yolumikizidwa ndi nembanemba yosambira.Zambiri mwa mbalamezi zimakhala zotayirira komanso zofewa. Mtundu wowerengeka wa masanjidwe osiyanasiyana a flamesos amachokera ku pinki wotumbululuka mpaka wofiyira kwambiri, malekezero amapiko ndi akuda. Pinki ndi wofiira mtundu wa nthenga chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa inki mu minofu - mafuta ngati colorants carotenoid gulu. Izi zimapezeka ndi mbalame kuchokera kuzakudya, kuchokera kuma crustaceans osiyanasiyana.
Muukapolo, patatha zaka 1-2, ma pinki ofiira ofiira nthawi zambiri amatha chifukwa cha chakudya chofanana. Koma ngati mukuwonjezera mwachangu ma carotenoids ofiira omwe ali mu kaloti ndi ma beets ku flamesos, mtundu wa mbalame umakhalabe wokhutira. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala zofiirira, zimangovala chovala chachikulire mchaka chachitatu cha moyo.
Nkhani yakugawika kwa flamesos kwazaka zambiri yakhala nkhani yovuta pakati pa akatswiri. Flamingos ali ndi machitidwe wamba ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a mbalame, ndipo sizikudziwikabe kuti ndi gulu liti lomwe amagwirizana kwambiri. Anatomically, ali ofanana ndi mbuluzi, ndipo machitidwe awo ali ngati mafoni amadzi, ngati atsekwe.
Mpaka posachedwa, ma flamesos adapatsidwa dongosolo la Ciconiiformes, komabe, asayansi adazindikira kuti flamos ziyenera kuyikidwa padera lina - Flamingos (Latin Phoenicopteriformes).
Chiwerengero cha mitunduchi chikadali kukambirana, koma olemba misonkho ambiri amagawa banja la Chikukuta mitundu isanu ndi umodzi:
- Wamba flamingo - amakhala ku Africa, kumwera kwa Europe komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia.
- Red flamingo - amakhala ku Caribbean, kumpoto kwa South America, Yucatan Peninsula ndi Zilumba za Galapagos.
- Ku Flaningo waku Chile - wopezeka madera akumwera chakumadzulo kwa South America.
- Flamingo yaying'ono - Imapezeka kudera la Africa, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India komanso kum'mawa kwa Pakistan.
- Andean flamingo ndi Flamingo james - amakhala ku Chile, Peru, Bolivia ndi Argentina.
Chachikulu kwambiri pamtunduwu ndi Ordinary flamingo, kukula kwake kumafikira 1.2 mpaka 1.5 metres, kulemera - mpaka 3.5 kg. Mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri ndi Flamingo Wamtundu Wocheperako, womwe ndi 80 cm ndipo wolemera pafupifupi 2 kg.
Flamingos ndi amodzi mwamabanja akale kwambiri a mbalame. Zotsalira za flossos zakale, zoyandikira kwambiri masiku ano, zaka 30 miliyoni zapitazo, zolengedwa zakale kwambiri zaka zoposa 50 miliyoni zapitazo.
Zinthu zakale zimapezeka m'malo omwe lero simukutha kuwona zamoto - madera ena a Europe, North America ndi Australia. Izi zikusonyeza kuti m'mbuyomu anali ndi malo ambiri okhala.
Mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya malawi a moto amagawika m'magulu awiri kutengera ndi kukula kwa mulomo wawo. Nadklyuvya mwachizolowezi, Red ndi mphama Chile ambiri spaced mbale, kuzipatsa chakudya yaing'ono nkhanu, mollusks, tizilombo, zomera, mbewu ndi nsomba zina zing'onozing'ono.
Mbalame zochokera ku gulu lachiwiri - Andean ,ocheper, ndi James flamesos - ndizochepa mu chakudya chifukwa cha mtunda wopendekera pakati pa mbale zolumikizira. Mitundu iyi yamalawi imatha kudya zakudya zazing'onozing'ono zokha (makamaka, algae ndi plankton), kumasefa.
Chifukwa cha zakudya zapadera zokhala ndi carotenes, kuchuluka kwa flamesos kumakhala pinki. mphama, kupatula anthu kumpoto amangokhala. Kubweretsa anapiye flamingo kuyembekezera mvula. mvula yamkuntho osati kupereka iwo ndi chakudya ndi zipangizo kudzimangira chisa, komanso kupewa adani. Maziko a pinki flamesos amapangidwa ndi Artemia yaing'ono yofiira kwambiri ndi mazira ake. Kuphatikiza apo, ma flames adyera ena crustaceans, komanso ma mollusks, mphutsi za tizilombo, ndi mphutsi. Mitundu ina imadya buluu wobiriwira ndi ma diatoms. iwo akufunafuna chakudya m'madera osaya. Kupita kutali m'madzi, miyendo yake yaitali, flamingo choviikidwa mutu wake pansi pa madzi, ndi kukumba ndi mlomo wake pansi pa dziwe. Pankhaniyi, korona pafupifupi wokhudza pansi mbalame, nsagwada chapamwamba ndi pansi, ndi pansi - pamwamba.Amamwa ma flameso osasalala komanso madzi abwino pamvula, madonthowa amadzimadzi oyenda pansi.
Mu zisa zazikulu zooneka ngati zibowo kuchokera ku mwala, ziphuphu ndi matope a flamingo, mazira akuluakulu (kawiri kapena atatu) amasokedwa. Pakatha miyezi iwiri ndi theka, anapiyewo amakula ndikuyamba kuuluka okha, ndipo patatha zaka zitatu amatha kubereka ana awo. Flamingos chisa m'magulu akuluakulu a awiriawiri mpaka 20,000 (ku India - awiriawiri mpaka 2,000,000). Chisa ndi chopindika cha silt ndi gypsum. Mu clutch pali mazira awiri omwe amayi ndi amuna amadzaza masiku 27-32, makolo onse awiriwa amasamaliranso ana. Chingwe chimabwanyidwa pansi, chamaso komanso ndi mulomo mwachindunji. Kwa miyezi iwiri, makolo amawadyetsa "burp", yomwe, kuphatikiza pa chakudya chokhazikika, imakhala ndi zofunikira za tiziwalo tating'ono ta m'mimba ndi kapamba. Amadzimadzi amtunduwu amatha kufananizidwa ndi chakudya chamkaka wam'mayi, ndimtundu wa pinki chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa carotenoids mmenemo. Anapiyewo amachoka chisa masiku angapo atanyamula ndipo atatsala mwezi umodzi asintha chovala chachiwiri kukhala chachiwiri. Omwe adasiyidwa opanda makolo, anapiye omwe adasiyapo kale chisa, amasokera m'magulu akuluakulu (mpaka 200) ndipo akuyang'aniridwa ndi "aphunzitsi ogwira ntchito" omwe atsalira. Achichepere amakhala ndi luso lotha kuwuluka patsiku la 65-75 la moyo, pamsinkhu womwewo pamapeto pake amapanga zida zojambula.
Flamingos ndi olekeza, amapanga awiriawiri kwa zaka zosachepera. Pa mbalame zokhala nesting zimateteza chisa chokha. Kuthengo, zikuwoneka kuti, amakhala zaka 30, ndipo ali mu ukapolo motalikirapo (mpaka zaka 40).
Flamingos nthawi zina amatchedwa "mbalame yamoto", chifukwa ena amakhala ndi zowuluka zambiri. Nthawi zina flamesos amatchedwa "mbalame yam'mawa kucha", chifukwa m'mitundu ina maula ndi ofiira pinki. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi khosi komanso miyendo yayitali kwambiri, ndipo monga Pulofesa N. A. Gladkov adalemba, "polankhula za kukula kofanana, zithunzi zamoto zimawoneka ngati mbalame yayitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi." Pali miyambo yambiri yosangalatsa yokhudza ma flameso. Mwachitsanzo, m'modzi mwa iwo akuuza kuti njoka zamadzi zikaganiza kuti zichotse anapiye awo pamoto wamoto. Koma mbalame sizinapatse anapiye awo kwa njoka. Kenako njoka zinayamba kuzunza mbalamezo - zinayamba kuluma miyendo, pang'onopang'ono zikukwera m'mwamba. Koma mbalamezo zinalekerera ndipo zinaima chilili m'madzi mpaka anapiye atakula. Ndipo anapiye, ngati kuti akudziwa zomwe zikuchitika, "adayesa" kukula mwachangu. Ndizodabwitsa kuti mu nthano iyi, zachidziwikire, palibe chochita ndi mtundu wa miyendo ya flamingo zimadziwika, zambiri zenizeni zimadziwika: anapiye a flamingo amabadwa osathandiza, koma posachedwa, patatha masiku awiri kapena atatu, amadzilamulira okha.
Lat. Phoenicopterus roseus, imodzi mwazofotokozera za flamingo wamba. Zambiri mwa achikulire a kuwala kwapinki. Ma flameso apinki ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa flamingo. Mbalameyi imaphatikizidwa m'gulu la mitundu yosowa kwambiri ndipo yalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia ndi Kazakhstan.
Kumanga
Chowoneka mosiyana ndi mtundu uwu wa flamingo ndi kuchuluka kwake: ikhoza kukhala yoyera mpaka yapinki yakuda. Mapikowo nthawi zambiri amakhala ofiira, ndipo mapikowo ndi akuda. Mpaka zaka zitatu flamesos amakhala ndi imvi. Mlomo wake ndi wapinki ndi wakuda pansi. Maso a mulomo ndi mulomo amakonzedwa ndi mbale ndi mano. Amapanga zida zosefera. Kukula kwa mbalame yachikulire kumafika mpaka masentimita 130. Kulemera pafupifupi 2100-4100 g.Malawi ndi eni khosi lalitali kwambiri komanso miyendo yayitali kwambiri yolingana ndi thupi pakati pa nthumwi zonse za mbalame. Pali zala 4 kumapazi, komwe kumaso kwawo kumalumikizidwa ndi nembanemba yosambira. Mu flamesos, kumtunda kwa mulomo ndi mafoni, ndipo gawo lakumbuyo siliri, lomwe limawasiyanitsa ndi mbalame zambiri. Kutalika kwa moyo wa flamesos ndikodabwitsa: pafupifupi zaka 30.
Habitat
Kugawikaku sikufanana kwambiri: kuchokera kumwera kwa Europe ndi Asia kupita ku Africa. Chaka chilichonse amadera kunyanja ku Kazakhstan.Ku Russia, malawi samakhala, koma amasamukira kudera la Volga, Dagestan, Kalmykia, Krasnodar ndi Stavropol Territories. Flamingos amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'mphepete mwa nyanja zazing'ono zamchere.
Khalidwe, umoyo ndi zakudya
Mbendera zimadyera makamaka ma crustaceans ang'ono ndi mazira awo. Zimathanso kudya chakudya cham'madzi, mphutsi za arthropod, ndi mphutsi. Iwo kusaka m'madzi osaya, kumene nyama zimasonyeza bwinobwino. Kulowa m'madzi, Flamesos imatsitsa mitu yawo pansi ndikukumba mumchenga ndi milomo yawo, posaka chakudya. Flamingos ndi nyama zolengedwa, awiri amapangidwa kwa zaka zingapo. Kukhuta, mphama adye mu tsiku, kota kulemera yake. Chifukwa cha mitundu ya carotenoid yomwe imapezeka mu chakudya, kuchuluka kwa flamesos kumakhalabe kwamtundu wapinki. Ngati izi za utoto sizikwanira, mtundu wa mbalame umakhala wotuwa.
Kuswana
kukaikira mazira nyengo mbalame awa amapita atsamunda. Amamanga zisa kuchokera ku silt. Wachilengedwe mu mawonekedwe a mzere wozungulira, wolemera pafupifupi 50 cm mulifupi ndi 60 cm kutalika. Aliyense recess mu chulucho akazi kutchera dzira limodzi. Munthawi ya makulidwe, yomwe imatenga pafupifupi mwezi, flames imasinthanso chisa, ndikupanga zigawo zatsopano. Chifukwa chake, pakupita nthawi, dzenje m'nthaka limazungulira chisa. Mu kagawo munthu angathe kuonedwa mazira 1 mpaka 3. Makolo onsewa amawafungiza kwa mwezi umodzi. M'tsogolomu, onse wamwamuna ndi wamkazi amasamalira anapiye. Mtundu waukulu chipolopolo kuwala wobiriwira, koma popeza onse dzira ali ndi matope, zikuoneka woyera. Kukula kwa mazira kuli pafupifupi 89 × 54 mm. Pambuyo pakumenyedwa, anapiyewo amakhala mchigwachi kwa masiku anayi. Ndiye iwo anabwera pansi ndipo mumakhala pafupi ndi chisa. Choyamba, anapiye adakutidwa ndi kuyera pansi. Koma pakatha mwezi amayamba kukhala imvi. Anapiye kuyambira pachiyambi kuwona ndipo ndi mlomo mwachindunji.
Gulu: mitundu, mtundu, banja, dongosolo
Flamingos (lat. Flamma - moto) ndiye mtundu umodzi wokha wa mbalame za banja la Flamingo, lomwe, ndi la Flamingoids. Kuwonjezera iwo, gawo la banja tichipeza angapo relict genera. Flamingo yamtunduwu imaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo: awa ndi wamba kapena a pinki flamesos, Andean, ofiira, aku Chile, ang'ono, komanso James flamesos.
Mbalame izi zimadziwika ndi dzina la mapiko, pomwe nthenga zofiirira zowala bwino zimamera pamwamba komanso mkati. Iwo anapanga maziko ndi mkulu, dzina sayansi ya mtundu - Fenikopterus (Phoenicopterus), anapatsidwanso kwa iye ngakhale ndi Carl Linnaeus. Katswiriyu mwina adawonapo utoto wa flamingo womwe umawakhudza ndi Phoenix wamoto woyaka, ukuyaka komanso kubadwanso phulusa.
Makhalidwe, kapangidwe ka mbalame
Pa Flamingo miyendo yaitali woonda, akuloledwa zimangoziyendera momasuka madzi osaya. Zala zakumiyendo kumakhala timimba tomwe timalola mbalameyo kuti isakonongeke. Mbalamezo zimakhala ndi khosi lalitali losunthika, lomwe limathandiza kuwerama ndikupeza nyama m'madzi. Koma kwambiri kuzindikira mbali ya mitundu yonse ya mphama - milomo yawo yotakata yokhota kumapeto kunsi.
Flamingos nthawi zambiri imatha kuwoneka itayimirira mwendo umodzi. Akukanikiza enanso panthawiyi kuti achepetse kutentha, popeza miyendo yawo yayitali yopyapyala imakhala ndi malo akulu okwanira. Mu zikhalidwe mphepo mbalame kuzizira. Kuyimirira pa mwendo umodzi sikuwapangitsa kuti asokonezeke komanso mwachilengedwe. Sikovuta kuigwira ngati njira zamoto zomwe sizinafotokozedwe, izi sizifunikira mphamvu iliyonse yapadera kuchokera kwa iwo. Khungu pa mapazi a mbalame ndi wandiweyani kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, amatha kukhala pafupi ndi nyanja zamchere kwambiri komanso zamchere ndipo amayendayenda mozungulira kwa maola angapo, kufunafuna chakudya.
Kumene kuli ma pinki flameso, madzi akumwa nthawi zambiri amakhala osayenera. Koma ena zamoyo planktonic monga nkhanu, amapanga mbali yaikulu ya zakudya mphama pinki, amakhala madzi amchere kwambiri, wangwiro mu mumamva ndi kufalitsa, kuphatikizapo chifukwa chosowa nsomba moyo m'madziwa ndingakhoze basi ayi. Chifukwa chake, maiwe a flamesos amakondanso.Komabe, amatha kuwuluka kupita kumadzi okhala ndi madzi abwino komanso akasupe kuti akatsuke mchere wambiri ndikuledzera.
The nthenga za mphama
Mitengo ya Flamingo imakhala ndi mtundu wake wakale wa chakudya. Utoto wotchedwa lipochromes umalowa mthupi lawo limodzi ndi plankton yokhala ndi canthaxanthin pigment. Pamene zili mbalame mu ukapolo zakudya zawo, kuwonjezera nkhanu, olemera ndi mankhwala azitsamba munali carotene - belu tsabola, okoma kaloti. Nthenga za Flamingo nthawi zonse zimakhala zakuda. Malinga ndi asayansi, utoto uwu ukusokoneza ndipo umathandizira kusocheretsa mdani yemwe, chifukwa cha nthenga zakuda zomwe zikuwala pamaso pake, sangadziwe komwe wakhudzidwayo.
Zakudya za akulu makamaka zakudya za anapiye
Kodi flamingo amadya chiyani? Ndipo mbalame yokongola'yo imakhala kuti? chakudya Aika ndi nkhanu zing'onozing'ono. Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'mphepete mwa matupi osaya amadzi. Mothandizidwa ndi mulomo, pomwe mbali yake ndi yam'manja, osati yotsika, ngati mbalame zonse, malawi amayimilira madzi kapena matope amadzimadzi. Mlomo zimawathandiza zosefera za nyama kwa madzi kapena sludge. Lilime lamphamvu limayendetsa kayendedwe, madzi amayenda ndi mulomo wokutidwa, ndikuchita ngati senga. Ndipo gawo lokola lomwe latsala lili mkamwa - lomwe lingameze. Pa mphama nthawi yomweyo African (zing'onozing'ono) anakonza mulomo zambiri wowonda, ndi luso lake fyuluta panonso. Chifukwa chake, amatha kusefa osati kokha crustaceans ndi shrimps, komanso alicicular algae.
Komwe flamos zimakhala, zimakhala ndi chakudya chochuluka kwa iwo. Pa tsiku la mbalame adya ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya, unyinji wa amene ali kota kulemera yake. Zigawo zawo zazikulu zimatsuka madzi ambiri mwanjira tsiku lililonse. Chifukwa chake, gawo limodzi mwa madera ofiira a pinki omwe amakhala ku India, omwe amakhala ndi mbalame pafupifupi theka miliyoni, amadya pafupifupi matani 145 a chakudya tsiku lililonse.
Mu nkhani ya kusowa chakudya mwachizolowezi wa mphama angathe flights yaitali kuti matupi ena a madzi - mpaka makilomita 50-60.
Kulera ana
Mbalamezo ndizofanana. Kukaikira mazira umayamba zaka 5-6. Ya flamingo yachikazi imayikira mazira 1-3 nthawi yomweyo, koma nthawi zambiri pabanja lililonse mumakhala khanda limodzi. Zisa za mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo. Iwo ali wapadera, monga sakumanga kuposa mtundu uliwonse wa mbalame. Kuti ziwapangitse, ma flames amalandidwa ndi ma taya mu mulu wa silika ndi dothi. Anapiyewo amachoka chisa m'masiku ochepa, ndipo atakwanitsa miyezi iwiri ndi theka amakumana ndi akuluakulu kukula ndikuyamba kuwuluka.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti milomoyo amveka, motero imathandiza madzi, iwo sangakhoze mu mbalame wakhanda. Makolo amabwera kudzawathandiza, omwe amadyetsa anapiyewo kwa miyezi iwiri ndi mkaka wa mbalame wotchedwa - chinsinsi chapadera chamadzimadzi chofiira. Tizilombo timene timachititsa Kapangidwe ka gawo chinsinsi cha mafuta, mapuloteni, zomera pang'ono. Ma hormone omwewo monga zolengedwa zomwe zimayamwa, kuphatikiza anthu, ndizomwe zimayambitsa "mkaka".
Ana ambiri a anapiye ake amabwera pamodzi, ofanana ndi momwe ma penguin amapangira, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mumatha kukhalamo ana mazana angapo.
M'dera la kukagawira. Wamba flamingo
Kodi Flamesos zimakhala kuti? Mu Russia, yabwino kuposa wina aliyense kudziwika pinki flamingo, iye wamba. Uwu ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino, kupatula imodzi yokha yomwe imakhala kudera la USSR wakale - ku Kazakhstan. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale malawi a moto sakhala m'dziko lathu, nthawi zina amasamukira ku Russia - Dagestan, Volga Region, Stavropol ndi Krasnodar Territories, ngakhale akukhudza kumwera kwa Siberia. Wintering mu anthu awa zikuchitika Afghanistan, Iran, ndi Azerbaijan.
Kodi ma pinki flames amakhala kuti ku Europe? Madera awo ali kumwera kwa France, kumwera kwa Spain, kumwera kwa chilumba cha Sardinia. Mu Africa, izi mitundu miyoyo Morocco, kum'mwera Tunisia, Kenya, mu Asia - pa nyanja ya India ndi Afghanistan.
Flamingo andean
Amakwanitsa zaka 6.Mu clutch 1-2 mazira. Amuna ndi akazi onse amatenga nawo mbali popanga mazira. Oimira mtundu zambiri zovuta kusiyanitsa ndi jenda, ngakhale amuna zambiri penapake zikuluzikulu (makilogalamu 2.5-3 wamkazi - 2- 2.5 kg). Kukula kwa mbalame ndi 100-110 cm.
Malawi ofiira amasungidwa ku Zoo ya Moscow pamodzi ndi apinki. Oimira mitundu yosiyana ndi ochezeka wina ndi mzake, koma musati kupanga wosanganiza awiriawiri. Amasamba bwino muukapolo ndipo amakhala zaka 40-50.
Zochepa
Kodi mphama, amene dziko? Mtunduwu umakhala makamaka ku Africa. Iye ndiochulukirapo. Izi mbalame yaing'ono, masentimita 80-90 yekha mu msinkhu. Mlomo wake ndi wakuda kuposa mitundu ina ndipo umakhala ndi mtundu wa burgundy. Malo akuda omaliza kumapeto kwa mlomo amakhalaponso. Tentha mthupi mbale adalira bwino akupangidwa umene flamingo zing'onozing'ono percolate madzi bwino kuposa mitundu ina.
Ngati simudyetsa kachakudya kakang'ono ndi chakudya chokhazikika, muukapolo, monga mitundu ina, mumapeza mtundu woyera, pambali pa nsonga zakuda za nthenga. Mbalamezi ndizosambira zabwino.
M'malo mapeto
Chifukwa chake, funso lonena za komwe ma pinki a flames amakhala kuti, mayankho amatha kukhala osiyana, chifukwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalamezi imapakidwa utoto ukulu kapena wina. Mwinanso chosiyana ndi mtundu wofiira wa flamingo chifukwa cha mtundu wake. Mu malo ambiri kufalitsa mtundu umenewu ukukhudza mayiko a America South, Asia, kum'mwera kwa Ulaya, Caribbean, zina za mu Africa.
Chisomo, kukongola, chithumwa chapadera ndi chisomo - mawu awa amatha kufotokoza bwino za mbalame zachilendo komanso zowala zomwe zimakhala padziko lapansi. Flamingo ndi bambo weniweni pakati pa oimira gulu lake. N'kovuta kuona yabwino cholengedwa - wokonzeka kusintha woonda khosi ndi yaitali, wachisomo miyendo, modabwitsa kukongoletsa mbalame, ndi kulipanga kukhala chilengedwe wapadera, olengedwa mwa chibadwa.
Kufotokozera
Woimira yekhayo wa gulu la flamingoid . Chochotsekacho chagawidwa m'mitundu isanu:
- Pinki (vulgaris).
- Wamng'ono.
- Chofiyira (cha ku Caribbean).
- Chile.
- James Flamingo.
- Andean.
Anthu onse amene alipo lero, Pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yokha iyi . Mbalame ndizofanana mu kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe ake, koma kutengera mtundu wawo wamtunduwu zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe enaake. Mwachitsanzo, flamingo ang'ono ndi zazing'ono kumuwombera onse mbalame yamoyo phoenicopteriformes. Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu kumafika masentimita 90 okha, ndipo kulemera kwake kumayima pafupifupi ma kilogalamu awiri.
Woimira wamkulu kwambiri pamalamulo awa ndi pinki kapena wamba, kulemera kwa mbalame yotere kumatha kukhala ma kilogalamu anayi, ndipo izi ndizowirikiza kawiri kuposa kulemera kwa flamingo yaying'ono. Kutalika kwa mtundu uwu akhoza kufika masentimita wani handiredi ndi forte. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse amuna amakhala akulu kuposa akazi amsinkhu umodzi.
Chodziwika ndi mbalamezi ndi kutalika mwendo , ndipo makamaka mtunda pakati pa mwendo wotsika ndi zala. Zala zake zokhala pachiwopsezo chake zimawoneka pang'ono ndipo pakati pawo pali ziwalo zopangidwa mwaluso zosambira. Kumbuyo chala - zazing'ono zonse, ndi kumtunda kwa otsalawo.
Akatswiri a Ornithologists adawona kuti flamesos m'madzi ozizira nthawi zambiri imakoka mwendo umodzi. Khalidweli limafotokozedwa ndikuti pakuyimirira mwendo umodzi wokha, mbalame zimachepetsa kutentha komwe kutayika kuti usazizire.
Mu mbalame, kalasi kwambiri chosangalatsa komanso choganiza bwino mwachilengedwe . Kuchokera pamphumi, imachoka pakona pomwepo, kenako imagwada. Monga mtundu wa fyuluta, wopangidwa mwa mbale wapadera nyanga. Ndi iyo, flamesos kusefa madzi kumeza chakudya chokha.
Mbendera zimafanana ndi mbalame monga mbawala za m'misempha yokhala ndi ma bulu komanso mamina. Long ndi wachisomo khosi flamingo tichipeza naintini vertebrae, otsiriza a iwo ali gawo la mafupa msana.Mafupa am'mlengalenga amapezeka m'mafupa, omwe amawapatsa mphamvu ndi kupepuka ndi kokwanira kakang'ono.
Mtundu
Izo zimasiyanasiyana woyera wofiira. Mtundu wa nthenga za mbalamezi zimatengera kuchuluka kwa nthenga zachilengedwe zotchedwa astaxanthin. Utoto uwu umapatsa makulidwe a pinki kapena ofiira osiyanasiyana owala ndi machulukidwe. Nthenga flamingo ndi kusiyana ndi looseness ake.
Ma flamingo achichepere amakhala ndi nthenga zaubweya wopatsa chidwi, koma pambuyo pa chitsulo choyambirira, achichepere amatenga maula, ngati mbalame zazikulu. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti akasungunuka, amataya nthenga zawo khumi ndi ziwiri ndikulephera kuuluka kwa masiku pafupifupi khumi kapena makumi awiri.
Flamingo - amakwera ndege yogwira . Mapiko awo ndi afupiafupi kwa thupi lalitali chonchi, motero mbalameyo imayenera kuwomba nawo pafupipafupi kuti ikhale mlengalenga. Asananyamuke, amayenda maulendo ataliatali, ndipo atatha kuthamanga kwambiri amatha kuchoka pansi ndikuuluka. Pa ndege, mbalame limbitsani khosi lake wachisomo. Amatambasulanso miyendo.
Habitat ndi moyo
Pa Flamingo kwambiri malo kumene kusankha ukhazikike. Amatha kupezeka ku Europe komanso madera ena a Asia Minor, kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa Africa. India imalowanso kumalo osangalatsa a mbalame zosangalatsa. South ndi ku Central America, Florida - malo mwachizolowezi anthu mphama. France, kumwera kwa Spain ndi Sardinia amakopanso mbalamezi ndi zachilengedwe.
Kwa moyo, ma pinki oyang'anira pinki amasankha m'mphepete mwa nyanjayi ndi malo osiyanasiyana osambira, popeza amakhala m'matumba. M'mudzi wina akhoza zigwirizana kwa mbalame zikwi zana limodzi. Flamingos amaloledwa bwino ndi kutentha komanso kutentha kwambiri, kotero amatha kupezeka ngakhale kunyanja zamapiri. M'malo osungira omwe mbalamezi zimasankha moyo:
- Salt madzi.
- Nsomba sizikhala ndi moyo.
- Pali mitundu yayikulu ya crustaceans.
Ngati mbalame chofunika kutsuka kutumphuka mchere ndi nthenga kapena ludzu kumeneko, amawulukira kwakanthawi kupita kumalo osungira kapena akasupe okhala ndi madzi oyera .
Mpaka pano, chiwerengero cha anthu aku Flamingo chikucheperachepera ndipo mwina atatsala pang'ono kutha. chakuti ntchito yogwira ulimi m'madera anthu mbalame kuwononga malo lokhalamo mphama. Posakhalitsa izi zitha kubweretsa ku mfundo yoti zolengedwa zabwino izi sizingokhala pokhazikika.
Nthawi zambiri zochita za anthu zimabweretsa mfundo yoti malo osungira, omwe ndi malo amkhola, amakhala osaya kapena owuma. Pankhaniyi, mbalame kusiya malo mwachizolowezi ndi kupita kukayang'ana nyumba yatsopano, amene angafike kanthu patsogolo. Komanso kusunthika kwa flamingo kumachitika chifukwa cha kuipitsa chilengedwe komanso madzi achilengedwe. Okhazikika nthawi zambiri amathira ziphe zamagetsi mwachindunji m'madzi kuti zithetse nsomba zomwe zatha. Pakali pano, mphama kale m'gulu pangozi m'mayiko ambiri ndipo amatetezedwa wa oimira lamulo.
Mbalamezi zili ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe. . Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Ziwawa.
- Fox.
- Akalulu amphaka komanso ofiira.
- Mphungu ndi ma ntchentche.
Loonetsa
Popeza ma flamos amakhazikika m'mphepete mwa malo ena osungirako, amakakamizika kuti apeze chakudya kumeneko. Chifukwa chaichi amafunafuna madzi osaya ndikugwetsa mitu yawo m'madzi . Kugwiritsa fyuluta wapadera wa mbale nyanga ndi osasankhidwa madzi ndi kufunafuna m'menemo chakudya. Pamwamba pa mulomo wa flamingo pali njira yofanana ndi kuyandamitsa. Mothandizidwa ndi izi, zolengedwa zapaderazi zimatha kugwira mitu yawo m'madzi apamwamba. mphama Pali mawere m'kamwa pang'ono madzi napereka izo kupyolera masoka "fyuluta". Zotsatira zake, madziwo amatuluka, ndi plankton yomwe imakhala munyanjayo imatsalira ndikupita kukadyetsa mbalameyo. Komanso, malawi a moto samadzikana okha chisangalalo chaphwando:
- Various nkhanu.
- Algae.
- Crustaceans.
- tizilombo mphutsi.
- Nyongolotsi.
Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ma flames a pinki nthawi zonse amasaka chakudya, mosasamala nthawi yatsiku. Ndiye kuti, mbalamezi masana ndipo, mumdima, zimatanganidwa kufunafuna chakudya. Makamaka nthawi yambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepa munthawi yodyetsa anapiye, chifukwa amafunikira chakudya chokwanira komanso chosiyanasiyana kuti akule ndikukula mwachangu.
Mukutanthauzira kovomerezeka, chisamaliro ndi njira zomwe zimapereka chithandizo chokwanira kwa munthu, kuphatikiza kupangira momwe angakwaniritsire.
Kusamalira odwala ogona kunyumba: zosamalira ndi zinthu, malamulo
Makhalidwe & Khalidwe Lamagulu
Flamingo imadziwika ndi zochitika masana, usiku mbalamezi zimagona.
Flamingos ndi mbalame zachikoloni: zimadzala ndi kudya m'magulu akulu. Mtunda pakati pa zisa ndi mbalame zopumira kapena mbalame zopumula zimangokhala masentimita ochepa. Pa mbalame zokhala nesting zimateteza chisa chokha.
Pakati pa mbalame zomwe zimakhala munyumba "yothandizirana", nthawi ndi nthawi zomwe zimawoneka ngati "mikangano" zimayang'aniridwa: ma flamos amayamba kukhazikika kwambiri, ndikuyimana moyang'anana ndikuwoneka nthenga. "Quarrels" amangoima mwadzidzidzi m'mene amayamba, mbalamezo zimakhala m'malo mwawo ndikupitilirabe kuchita zawo.
Nkhosazo zikamadyetsa kapena kupumira, mbalame zimayang'anira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti gulu lonse kuti lisawonongeke panthawi yake. Flamingos akuvutika kwakukulu osati kuchokera ku zilombo, koma kuchokera kuzowoneka nyengo (chilala, kusefukira kwamadzi) ndi boma losadziwikiratu lamadzi amadzi.
Kumpoto kufalikira kwa flamingo ndi kusamuka. Gawo lalikulu la anthu a Kazakh nthawi yozizira m'malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Krasnovodsk ndi a Kyzylagach, ndipo mbalame zina zimawulukira kukagwira ntchito nthawi yozizira ku Iran.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso chodyetsa
Maziko a pinki flamesos amapangidwa ndi Artemia yaing'ono yofiira kwambiri ndi mazira ake. Kuphatikiza apo, ma flames adyera ena crustaceans, komanso ma mollusks, mphutsi za tizilombo, ndi mphutsi. Akuyang'ana chakudya m'malo osaya. Flamingos amatha kudya padziwe lomwelo pomwe amakhala, koma ngati pali chakudya chochepa, amatha kupanga maulendo ataliatali kuti azikasunga chakudya tsiku lililonse (kwa 30- 40 ngakhale 50-60 km).
Atalowa m'madzi, mbalamezo zimayenda, ndikuyenda pang'onopang'ono, kenako ndikusefa kuyimitsidwa uku ndi milomo. Pakudya m'madzi osaya, mbalame zimatsitsa mitu yawo kuti mulomo ukhale pansi pamadzi, ndipo mulomo uli pamwamba pake. Kutembenuza mutu wake mbali zosiyanasiyana, ndikuchita ndi lilime lake ngati pisitoni, kusefera kwamadzi ndi silika. Pakuzama kwakukulu, mutu wonse, ndipo nthawi zina khosi kumapewa, limamizidwa m'madzi.
Amamwa ma flameso osasalala komanso madzi abwino pamvula, madonthowa amadzimadzi oyenda pansi.
Zoyambira:
Flamingo ndi mbalame yayikulu yokhala ndi nthenga zokongola za pinki kapena zofiira, yomwe imadziwikanso ndi miyendo yake yayitali komanso mulomo wopindika pang'ono.
Flamingo wamkulu kwambiri pakati - Pinki flamingo - imafikira mamita 1,2-1,5 ndipo imalemera kilogalamu 3.5. Malawi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri - Flamingo yaying'ono - kutalika kochepa kwambiri pamamita 0,8, kulemera kwake ndikotalika kwa ma kilogalamu 2.5.
Ma flames o pinki amakhala ndi nthenga pomwe Malawi a moto waku Caribe wotchuka ndi pinki yawo yowala, pafupifupi nthenga zofiira.
Flamingos amachokera ku mtundu wakale wa mbalame, makolo awo, ofanana ndi amakono, adakhala padziko lapansi zaka 30 miliyoni zapitazo, malinga Zoo ya Smithsonian.
Mtundu wapinki wa flamesos umatengera chakudya chomwe amadya. Amadyanso algae ndi shrimp zomwe zimakhala ndi utoto. carotenoids (Ndizovala zamtunduwu zomwe zimapatsa lalanje mtundu wake wa lalanje), pomwe pakupukusira amasintha kukhala utoto wofiira.
Mukamadya, ma flames amatsitsa mitu yawo pansi pa madzi, kutunga madzi ndi milomo yawo, kufufuta zakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe amadya, ndipo madzi amatuluka podutsa mulomo.Zosefera zing'onozing'ono, zokhala ngati tsitsi zimathandiza kusefa chakudya ndi kutulutsa madzi. Kafukufuku wina adawonetsa kuti kuyandama kwapadera komwe kumathandizira mutu wa mbalame kumalola kuti kudyetsa potembenuza mutu wake ndikuyigwirizira pamadzi.
Miyendo italiitali ya malawi amathandizanso kuyenda pansi ngakhale pang'ono kwambiri pofufuza zakudya, zomwe zimawapatsa mwayi woposa mbalame zina.
Flamingos ndi mbalame zachikhalidwe zomwe zimakhala m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Amasonkhana pamagulu akamauluka kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo, komanso amakonda kukhala m'magulu akakhala pansi. Flamingos amakhalanso ndi mawu okweza komanso oboola.
Mbalamezi zimadziwa kuuluka, koma kuti zichoke padziko lapansi, zimafuna kuthamanga pang'ono. Pakuuluka, amawongola makosi awo ndi miyendo yawo mowongoka.
Flamingos imapangidwa ndi okwatirana panthawi yakukhwima, koma zibwenzi zina zimapezeka nyengo yotsatira. Wamkazi ndi wamwamuna amamanga chisa limodzi. Yaikazi imaziikira dzira limodzi lokha nyengo, yomwe imatetezedwa ndi makolo onse awiri. Mwana wa nkhuku atasamalidwa, makolo onse awiriwa amamuyang'anira ndikumudyetsa.
Nthawi zambiri chisachi chimamangidwa ndi matope ndipo chimakhala chamtunda pafupifupi mamita 0.3. Kutalika kumakulolani kuti muteteze ku kusefukira kwamadzi ndi malo otentha kwambiri. Pambuyo pakukakamira, anapiyewo amakhala ndi nthenga za imvi, mulomo wapinki ndi miyendo. Sakhala ndi nthenga zapinki zokhala ndi nthenga mpaka zaka ziwiri.
Atadulidwa, anapiye a flamingo amakhalabe mu chisa kwa masiku 5-12, amadyetsedwa ndi mafuta omwe amakhala ndi michere, yomwe imapangidwa kumtunda kwa m'mimba mwa makolo. Mbidzi ikakula, imayamba kudya yokha komanso gulu lalikulu la mbalame zomwe zimadziwika kuti "khola".
Flamingos ali ndi adani ochepa achilengedwe. Kuthengo, amakhala zaka 20-30-30, amakhala mu ukapolo zaka zopitilira 30.
Mitundu, malo ndi moyo
Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu ya flamesos monga:
- James flamingo (akhazikika ku Peru, Chile, Argentina ndi Bolivia),
- wamba flamingo (amakhala kum'mwera kwa Europe ndi ku Africa),
- red flamingo (yopezeka ku South America, zilumba za Galapagos komanso pafupi ndi zilumba za Caribbean),
- Andean flamingo (amakhala kumalo amodzi ndi James flamingo),
- flamingo yaying'ono (amakhala ku Africa, kumwera kwa India komanso kum'mawa kwa Pakistan),
- Flaningo waku Chile (wopezeka kumwera chakumadzulo kwa South America).
Nyama zokongola izi zimakhala m'magulu akulu okha, malo omwe mumakonda kwambiri ndi zinyama ndi malo osungira ang'onoang'ono. Mwambiri, flamesos ndi mbalame zomwe zimalimbikira kwambiri, zimatha kupirira nyengo zomwe mitundu ina ya mbalame sizingachite. Mwachitsanzo, duwa limatha kukhala pafupi ndi nyanja zamchere kwambiri kapena zazitali, komanso, mbalame zimatha kusintha kutentha kwake.
Njira yamoyo imangokhala, kupatulapo pinki, zomwe ndi mbalame zosamukira.
Nkhani ya moyo wa Zoo
Mafelemu amaimiridwa munyumba zamapiri a dziko lapansi kwambiri - mbalameyo ndi yokongola, yowonekera, ndipo ndiyosavuta kuyisunga. M'mbiri ya Zoo ya Moscow, anali pafupifupi nthawi zonse. Makanema ambiri owonetsera amakhala ofiira. Pinki pang'ono - awa ndi mbalame zachikulire zomwe zidafika kumalo osungira nyama zaka 90s zisanamangidwe. Mu malo athu osungira nyama, ma pinki Flames amasungidwa pamodzi ndi ofiira. Mbalame zamtundu wosiyanasiyana sizikutsutsana, koma osapanga magulu awiri osakanikirana.
Zakudya za flamingo zimaphatikizapo kuchuluka komwe tingathe kuwapatsa. Awa ndi kaloti wowotchera, nsomba yokazinga, gammarus wouma, chakudya chapadera chokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri okhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere. Zakudya zonsezi zimathiridwa ndimadzi, ndipo kuchokera mumsakanizo wamadzimadzi mbalame zimatulutsa zomwe zimafunikira. Timapereka chakudya chamadzimadzi kamodzi patsiku, ndipo chakudya chouma chophatikizira chimapezeka nthawi zonse.Mu zoo, ndizosatheka kupereka zofanana ndi ma carotenoids mu chakudya momwe amadya zachilengedwe, kotero timawonjezera chakudya chama carotene.
Chovuta chomwe chili mu flamesos ndikusankhidwa kwa chakudya - kotero chimakhala ndi mavitamini komanso mapuloteni abwino.
M'nyengo yotentha, ma flamos amasungidwa papulaneti lotsegulira pa Dziwe Lalikulu, nthawi yozizira - chipinda chofunda moyandikana ndi mawotchiwa, momwe amawonekera bwino kumbuyo kwagalasi. Timasinthira mbalame kuchipinda chofunda pamapiri otentha pafupi ndi zero - pomwe chisanu chamadzulo chimayamba.
Imodzi mwa mbalame zokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi flamesos. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi thupi lochepera, khosi lalitali kwambiri komanso lopindika, mutu waukulu, ndipo mulomo wochokera pakati umapinda molunjika madigiri 90. Ali ndi miyendo yayitali, yochepa thupi, yopyapyala yokhala ndi zala zazifupi, zomwe zimalumikizana ndi nembanemba. Kukula kwa mbalameyi kumafika mpaka 1.3 m.
Flamingo plumage ndiwokongola kwambiri ndi pint yofatsa ya pinki. Koma mbalameyi imakhala ndi nthenga zapinki osati zachilengedwe. Amalandira mtundu uwu kuchokera ku chakudya - algae wobiriwira yaying'ono. Pa nthawi ya chimbudzi, izi algae amatembenukira pinki. Kuphatikiza pa algae, malawi a moto amadya nyama zazing'ono zam'madzi, nyongolotsi, nsomba zazing'ono, zipolopolo, ndipo sizinyansitsa mizu yazomera zam'madzi.
Kupeza chakudya chokha, Flamesos amayenda m'madzi osaya. Nthawi yomweyo, imakunga khosi mwamphamvu kuti mulomo umamizidwa m'madzi. Mbalameyi imakonza zisa zake zam'madzi, m'malo osaya. Mwa iwo, mbalame imayikira mazira - nthawi zambiri imakhala itatu. Mbalame zachikulire ndi anapiye mosavuta amalekerera kutentha kwambiri.
Flamingos nthawi zambiri amatenga "ballet". Amatha kupukusa khosi lawo modabwitsa kapena kumangirira mfundo. Ikapumula, flamingo imabisa mutu wake kumbuyo kwake kapena pansi pa nthenga paphewa pake, kwinaku ikakanikizira mwendo umodzi mpaka thupi lake. Pakadali pano, mbalameyi ili mtulo. Pakachitika zoopsa, flamesos imanyamuka nthawi yomweyo. Ndipo wolusa alibe nthawi yoti agwire.
Aliyense amadziwa za kukhalapo kwa mbalame zokongola'zi, zonse zazikulu ndi ana. Koma sikuti aliyense anawawona akukhala kumalo osungira nyama, ngakhale mochepera. Kodi Flamesos zimakhala kuti? Kodi malo awo amakhala kuti? Amadya chiyani? Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yotani? Nkhaniyi iyankha mafunso amenewa.
Kodi maziko a zakudya za flamingo ndi otani?
Chakudya chomwe ndimakonda kwambiri cha mbalamezi ndi mphutsi, mphutsi, crustaceans yaying'ono, algae ndi mollusks. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mtundu wa pinki wamalawi amachokera chifukwa cha crustaceans omwe amadya ndipo amakhala ndi carotenoid.
Mwambiri, ma flames amakhala ndi madzi osaya. Pamilomo ya mbalameyo pali china ngati "choyandama". "Kusintha" kumeneku kumapatsa mbalame mwayi kwa nthawi yayitali, popanda kuyesayesa kwambiri, kuti isunge mutu wake m'madzi apamwamba. Chonyowa chakudyacho ndi motere: mbalame imatunga madzi ambiri mkamwa, ndikuitseka, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi "fyuluta" yapadera madziwo akukankhidwira, ndipo plankton imameza mkati.
Flamingos - mwina ndiomwe ali ndi mitundu yambiri yowoneka bwino kwambiri pakati pa mbalame zonse
Kodi chikuwoneka bwanji?
Flamingo ndi mbalame, mafotokozedwe achidule omwe mungapeze m'nkhaniyi. Mukamuwona kamodzi, simungathe kusokoneza iye ndi wina aliyense. Mbalame izi zimakhala ndi miyendo. Komanso, khosi nthawi zambiri limatopa, ndipo limayika mutu wawo pathupi kuti lipumulitse minofu yodontha. Mlomo wawukulu umakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Wawongoka kotero kuti ndiwotheka kwa iwo kugwira chakudya chamadzi. Chimodzi mwa kapangidwe kake ka zida zam'kamwa za flamesos ndikuti nsagwada yapamwamba ndi ya m'manja, osati yotsika. Flamingo ndi mbalame yomwe imatalika masentimita 90 mpaka 135 ndipo imakhala ndi mapiko a masentimita 140-165. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi. Chosaiwalika chomwe chimasiya nthenga. Makamaka okongola ndi pinki flamingo. Mbalame yomwe nyimbo ndi ndakatulo zimaperekedwa ngakhale. Mitundu ya nthenga zake imatengera chakudya chomwe amadya. Mtundu wa pinki umaperekedwa ndi carotenoids omwe ali ndi ma crustaceans ang'ono.Mbalame ikamadya kwambiri, mtundu wake umawala.
Kodi kudya?
Mapangidwe a flamesos amasinthidwa mwapadera kuti akhale moyo womwe mbalame imatsogolera. Ndi nembanemba amasenda pansi pamadzi osaya omwe idameramo. Mlomo wolimba umasefa madzi, chifukwa pamakhala mafupa otuluka m'mphepete mwake. Flamingo ndi mbalame yomwe imadya chakudya chochepa kwambiri, ndipo pofuna kuti isameze madzi ambiri, imasefa, chifukwa chomwe madzi omwe amatengedwa mulomo amathira ndipo chakudya chimatsalira. Kuti apeze chakudya, amatsitsa mutu wake m'madzi. Mokondweretsa, ma flames anali kudyedwa ku Roma wakale. Mbale yochokera kumeneko inkawoneka kuti ndi yabwino. Koma chamoyo champhamvuchi chimathandiza mbalame kupopera madzi mkamwa mwawo. Kodi mphama kudya? Yankho ndi losavuta - chilichonse chomwe chimalowa mkamwa mwawo. Kupatula apo, alibe mwayi wolavula zomwe sakonda. Choncho, m'mimba iwo anapeza matope, nsomba yaing'ono, nkhanu zing'onozing'ono, mollusks. Flamingo ndi mbalame yomwe imakhala mu timu. Koma ngakhale akudya, aziteteza m'gawo lake.
Chinsinsi chowululidwa
Oimira banja la flamingo ali ndi machitidwe ena. Mwachitsanzo, amakonda kuyimirira mwendo umodzi. Komanso, zimadziwika kuti amachita izi makamaka m'madzi. Asayansi akuyerekeza kuti nthawi yakuyimirira mwendo umodzi imatha kukhala ola limodzi. Zachidziwikire, mumadabwa chifukwa chake malo awa amakopa ma waterll. Chowonadi ndi chakuti motere mbalame zimasintha mtundu wawo. M'mawu osavuta, iwo amasintha mawaya awo kuti azitentha. Sizovuta kwenikweni kuyimirira m'madzi ozizira kwa nthawi yayitali. iwo kuuluka, miyendo anatambasula kutalika zake zonse, ndi ndege zimatulutsa zikumveka ofanana ndi tsekwe cackle. Flamingo ndi mbalame yokongola. Gulu la zolengedwa izi, lokhala ndi anthu masauzande, limawoneka lodabwitsa. Koma mphama kubwera pamodzi kuti moonetsera.
Nthawi yoswana
Mugawo lalikulu ndikosavuta kuchenjezana za mawonekedwe a mdani ndikupeza mnzake wokhala naye moyo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, pagulu lalikulu, mbalame zimaswana bwino. Mafelemu amakopa wamkazi kudzera pamachitidwe achikhalidwe. Mtsikanayo atakhala ndi chidwi, amayamba kubwereza mayendedwe amphongo. Flamingos imatha kutengedwa ngati chitsanzo cha kukhulupirika. Kupatula apo, mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimapanga banja limodzi moyo ndi kulera anapiye limodzi. Pakukhwima, akuluakulu amakumana pafupi ndi kasupe wamadzi abwino. Amayamba machitidwe awo azikhalidwe, kuyesera kuwonetsa kukula ndi kukongola kwa maula. Mbendera zimatambasulira mapiko awo ndikuyesera kugunda ndi milomo yawo ndi nsonga za mapiko ena mbalame zoyimirira. Asayansi awona kuti amuna ndi akazi onse amachita izi. Ndipo kuonerera mbali sadzatha kudziwa kugonana a mbalame. Kupatula apo, ali ndi mtundu womwewo. Akazi amabwereza mayendedwe amuna. Ngati angapo monga mnzake, akazi amayamba kuchoka m'deralo, kupitiriza kuchita kayendedwe, nyambo wamwamuna. Wamphongo ayamba kuyenda ndikutsatira mayi wake wamtima kuti apitirize kuthamanga.
Nyumba yakeyake
Malamba amatha kubereka nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Ngakhale amakonda kuchita izi kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Nthawi imeneyi, madzi amakhala otentha, ndipo pamakhala mipata yambiri yopanga chisa ndikupeza chakudya. Mbalamezi zimamanga chisa kuchokera ku dongo. Ili ndi phili lokhala ndi nkhawa pakati pomwe mkazi adzaikira dzira. Kupanga zinyalala, malawi a moto amagwiritsa ntchito nthambi, nthenga ndi masamba. Chikazi chimayikira dzira limodzi la utoto woyera. Onsewa amachita nawo makulitsidwe. Wina ukakhala pachisa, winayo amadzipezera chakudya. Anapiye zimaswa atapita masiku 28-32. Ndipo ngakhale ana akhandwe amabadwa ndi maso otseguka, sangathe kudzidyetsa okha ndipo sangathe kuuluka. Pachisa, anapiye ndi masiku 5-8. Kids ndi pokhudzana ndi "ana" ku zisa ena. Makolo amasiyanitsa ana awo ndi mawu omwe amapanga. Izi zimaperekedwa ndi makina osangalatsa achilengedwe.Chowonadi ndi chakuti mbalame zazing'ono zimayamba kupanga mawu zikadali dzira. Makolo amazolowera ndipo amazindikira ana akabadwa.
Izi sizongopeka.
Koma anapiyewo amazindikira makolo awo ndi mawu omwe amamva patali la 100 metres. Abwera kwa iwo, akugwira kuyitanidwa kwapadera. Sichizolowezi kuti Flamesos kudyetsa anapiye achilendo. Ngati makolo sachita izi, ndiye kuti mwana adzafa ndi njala. Iwo likukhalira kuti mkaka wa mbalame si nthano chabe. Ndi kumwa izi kuti ma flamos a anapiye awo amadyetsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizofanana pakapangidwe kamunthu, ndipo zimapangidwa chifukwa cha prolactin ya mahomoni. Ndi anapiye okha, inde, osadya ngati nyama zazing'ono. Mkaka wa mbalame umasungidwa ku chinsinsi chapadera chopatsa thanzi chomwe chimapezeka mumlomo wa mbalame wamkulu. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti sizoyera, koma zofiira. Pamodzi ndi iye, mitundu yoyamba imalowa m'thupi la mwana wankhuku, yomwe imayang'ana nthenga zake zapinki.
Ma Habitats:
Malo obadwira Flames ndi North ndi South America, Africa ndi Asia. Foss akuwonetsa kuti kale anali odziwika mu malo okulirapo, kuphatikiza North America, Europe, ndi Australia.
Malalanje opinki amakhala ku Africa, kumwera kwa Europe ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia. Ma flames ang'onoang'ono opezeka ku Africa ndi madera akumpoto kwa Indian subcontinent. Malawi aku Malawi wopezeka kumwera chakumadzulo kwa South America. Malawi a moto waku Caribe imapezeka ku Caribbean, kumpoto kwa South America, ku Mexico peninsula ya Yucatan ndi Islands ya Galapagos. Peru, Chile, Bolivia ndi Argentina amakhala Andean flamingo ndi James flamingo.
Mbalamezi zimakonda kukhala pafupi ndi nyanja zazing'ono zamchere, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pamphesi komanso pafupi ndi mitsinje.
Ayenera kupulumutsidwa
Inde, flamingo ndi mbalame. Buku Lofiiralo lomwe, mwatsoka, lili nawo kale masamba ake. Masiku ano, pali zovuta kuti asunge. Kodi zolengedwa izi ziyenera kutetezedwa kwa yani? M'malo awo okhala zachilengedwe, ali ndi adani - olusa, omwe samangogwiritsa ntchito akuluakulu, komanso amawononga mazira awo. Ndipo izi sizingokhala nkhandwe zokha, mbendera, mbidzi, agalu, nkhumba zamtchire, komanso mimbulu ya ku Turkey, ndi nkhanu zachikasu. Komanso mdani wa flamesos ndi munthu. Amadya mazira ndi nyama ya mbalame zokongola'zi. Ndipo imagwiritsanso ntchito nthenga zomwe zimakhala ndi mtundu wosadziwika.
Flamingo ndi mbalame, mafotokozedwe achidule omwe mwapeza m'nkhaniyi. Ndikufuna kunena kuti mumtundu wawo muli mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yomwe imasiyana pang'ono. Andean flamingo ali ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 120 ndi maula oyera ngati pinki okhala ndi mapiko akuda akuuluka. Ali ndimaso achikasu. Ma flames ofiira amakhala ndi maula ofiira, ngakhale amatha kupinki. Pinki flamingo ndiyabwino kwambiri pakati pa anzawo. Kutalika kwake kungakhale masentimita 135. Nthenga ndizopinki. Mapikowo ndi ofiira ndi nthenga zakuda zakuda. Flamingo yaying'ono imakhala ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono, pafupifupi 90 cm. Nthenga ndizopepuka kapena zapinki zakuda. Maonekedwe a mdomo ali ndi kusiyana pang'ono. Flamesos ya James ili pafupifupi kukula kwake ndi mtundu wake, koma ali ndi mlomo wachikasu wowala bwino ndi nsonga yakuda.
Apa ndi, mbalame ya flamingo. Kufotokozera ana kungakhale kosavuta. Koma ayenera kuphunzira za chimodzi mwazomwe zili padziko lathuli, komanso chifukwa chake chikhale ndi utoto.
Flamingos ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zodabwitsa komanso zotsutsana kwambiri. Mbali imodzi, matupi awo ndi osagawanika: thupi lalifupi, khosi lalitali kwambiri, miyendo yopyapyala, mutu wochepa komanso mlomo wopindika ndizosiyana wina ndi mnzake. Komabe, kusawerengeka kotereku kumagwirizana modabwitsa ndipo ma flamos agwirizana ndi chisomo komanso kukongola kwapamwamba.
Zofiyira, zofiirira, kapena zochokera ku Carribean (Foenicopterus ruber).
Poyang'ana koyamba, ma flames amatikumbutsa mbalame zokhala ngati zapakhosi - agwada, heron, cranes - koma sizigwirizana ndi zilizonse zamtunduwu. Achibale apafupi kwambiri a flamesos ndi ... atsekwe a banal.M'mbuyomu, ma flames anali nawo ngakhale pamalamulo a Anseriformes, koma kenako adapatsidwa gawo lina la Flamingo, lomwe lili ndi mitundu 6 yokha. Mamembala onse a gululi ndi mbalame zazing'onoting'ono zokulirapo makilogalamu angapo. Mbali yodziwika bwino yamoto wamiyendo ndi miyendo yayitali ndi khosi, yofunikira kuti iyende m'matupi opanda madzi. Mawonekedwe a Flamingo ali ngati tsekwe. Mlomo wawukulu wa flamingo, wosweka pakati, ulinso wofanana ndi tsekwe; m'mbali mwake mulibe ndi zovala zazing'ono. Ma cloves amenewa amapanga zida zosefera zomwe ma flames amatenga chakudya.
M'mphepete mwake mwa mulomo wa Flamingo amagwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono ngati chinsomba.
Mitundu yonse yamalawi imakhala ndi mtundu wofanana kuchokera ku pinki wotumbululuka kupita wofiyira. Flamingos ndi anthu okhala m'malo otentha, koma mitundu ina imatha kulekerera kuzizira. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yaku South America ya flamesos imadzaza kumapiri a Andes, kumene chisanu sichachilendo. Pinki kapena wamba flamingo zimakhala kumadera otentha komanso kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa kutentha, kumpoto kwa mtundu, mbalamezi zimasamukira. Pali nthawi zina pamene Flamesos idakwera mwangozi kupita ku Estonia pa ndege. Mitundu yonse yamalawi imakhala m'mphepete mwa matupi osaya amadzi, ndipo ma flamesos amakonda matupi amadzi okhala ndi mchere wambiri. Zizolowezi zoterezi zimachitika chifukwa cha mtundu wa zakudya. Flamingos amatumikiridwa ndi ang'onoang'ono crustaceans ndi ma microscopic algae, olemera mu mitundu yopanga utoto - carotenoids. Zamoyo izi sizimapezeka m'madzi oyera, chifukwa chake, pofunafuna chakudya, malawi amakakamizidwa kuti azidzaza malo owopsa. M'madzi ena aku Africa omwe amakhala ndi malawi, madziwo ndi amchere kwambiri kotero kuti amatha kuwongolera mnofu wamoyo. Zipatso za mbalame zimapulumuka m'malo otetezeka chifukwa cha khungu lowonda lomwe limakuteteza miyendo ya mbalame, koma ndikawonongeka pang'ono, kutupa kumachitika, komwe kumatha kutha kwa mbalame. Mwa njira, malawi a moto amafunika ma crustaceans mtundu wawo wabwino kwambiri: mitundu inanso imayamba ndi nthenga ndikuwapatsa pinki kapena ofiira. Tikasungidwa m'malo osungira nyama, malaulo amasiya kutaya nthawi ndikuyera. Kusunga maonekedwe ake okongola, zinthu za utoto, monga tsabola wofiira, zimawonjezeredwa ku chakudya cha mbalame. Mbalame "zokumbira" zoterezi zimatha kuzindikira ndi mitundu yofiira ya nthenga.
Zoyatsira zonse ndi mbalame zomwe zimakhala, zikukhala m'magulu akuluakulu a anthu masauzande angapo. Pofunafuna chakudya, malawi a moto amagogoda pamodzi pagulu lokwera ndikuyenda limodzi m'madzi osaya, ndikusuntha madziwo ndi miyendo yawo. Nthawi yomweyo, amatsitsa mulomo wawo m'madzi ndikusunga zamoyo zodutsamo.
Ma flameso ang'ono (ang'ono a Phoeniconaias) amadyera ku Nyanja ya Africa.
Flamingos akugona m'madzi osaya, ataimirira m'madzi. Flamingos imawuluka bwino, koma kuchoka (monga mbalame zambiri za goose) kumalumikizidwa ndi zovuta zina.
Choyamba, ma flames amakhala omwazikana kuthamangathamanga, kenako ndikuwuluka m'mapiko ndikuwuluka, ndikupitilira nthawi yochulukirapo kuti iwonongeke kudzera m'miyendo. Mbendera imawuluka khosi ndi miyendo yotambasuka.
Flamesos yaku Chile (Phoenicopterus chilensis) ikuuluka.
Mtundu wa mbalamezi ndi wamtendere, nthawi zambiri samalimbana nawo. Pa nyengo yakukhwima, ma flames amasokerera gule “ukwati” wophatikiza. Amakhala pagulu lalikulu ndikuchepetsa m'madzi osaya pang'ono, ndikupita kudutsa ndikuyenda pang'ono.
Kuvina kochepera kwambiri mwa mitundu yonse ndi James flamingo (Phoenicoparrus jamesi).
Flamingos imakhalanso mosangalatsa pamtunda wa 0.5 -1 mamita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, posankha malo osatheka - zilumba, m'mphepete mwa marshy ndi osaya. Zisa za Flamingo zimawoneka zachilendo kwambiri - ndizovala zamtambo zopendekeka mpaka 70 cm, zopangidwa kuchokera ku silt ndi matope.
Kuwala pazomera.
Pamwamba pa choyimirira chotere pali thireyi lokhala ndi mazira. Zisa zam'madzi zotere zimamangidwa kuti ziziteteza madzi ku madzi amchere amchere wamchere. Mafelemuwo siwachonde kwambiri ndipo m'malo amodzi amakhala ndi mazira 1-3 okha. Makolo onsewo amawafungiza kwa mwezi umodzi.Anapiye a Flamingo amawoneka modabwitsa kwambiri. M'masiku oyamba amoyo, amawoneka ngati ana opeza chifukwa sangafanane ndi makolo awo. Anapiyewo atakutidwa ndi oyera pansi, miyendo yawo ndiyifupi, ndipo mulomo wawo ndi wowongoka bwino! Munthu sangakumbukire bwanji za ubale ndi atsekwe! Nthochi zimabadwa, koma masiku awamba zimabisika. Makolo amawadyetsa ndi mtundu wa "mkaka wa mbalame" - burp yapadera kuchokera ku goiter ya mtundu wofewa wa pinki.
Flamingo amadyetsa anapiye.
Pakatha milungu iwiri, milomo ya anapiyewo imayamba kuwerama ndipo amasintha pang'onopang'ono kuti adyetse, koma kwa nthawi yayitali amayang'aniridwa ndi akuluakulu. Nthawi yomweyo, anapiyewo amasochera, ndipo mbalame zingapo zikuluzikulu zimazisunga, pakapita kanthawi “alonda” amasintha. Nyama zazing'ono zimayenerabe kuyenda “zazikazi zoyipa” zokhala ndi maufu akuda, chifukwa malawi amafika pokhwima pofika zaka 3-5.
Moyo wa flamingo umadzaza zoopsa. Chifukwa cha momwe thupi lawo limakhalira, mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimavulala, moto wovulazidwa mwachilengedwe umatsala pang'ono kutha. Pafupifupi adani onse am'deralo amagwiritsa ntchito malawi amoto - kuyambira kwa achinyama ndi anyani kupita kumakoko ndi nkhandwe. Ndi munthu yekha mwa chozizwitsa china chomwe adayenda kuzungulira mbalameyi ndikuyang'ana kwake. Koma anthu nthawi zonse amakopeka ndi mawonekedwe a mbalamezi, chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo amafuna kuti atsegule malo osungira nyama zonse, koma flamesos sanakhale nzika wamba. Mbalame zam'madzi zoyandikira izi zimafunika kuti zizisungidwa mwapadera, ndipo zimatha kubereka pokhapokha zikakhala m'magulu akulu.
Dzina lachi Russia - Pinki (wamba) flamingo
Dzina lachi Latin - Phoenicopterus roseus
Chizungu - Great flamingo
Gulu - Mbalame (Aves)
Kufikira - Flamingo (Phoenicopteriformes)
Banja - Kuwala (Phoenicopteridae)
Chifundo - Flamingos (Phoenicopterus)
Mpaka posachedwa, ma pinki ndi ofiira amoto anali kuwonedwa ngati mitundu yofanana ya mitundu yomweyo;
Mkhalidwe Woyang'anira:
Chodetsa nkhawa: Pink Flamingo, Caribbean Flamingo
Kukhala pafupi ndiopseza: Flamingo waku Chile, Wamng'ono Flamingo, James Flamingo
Zowopsa: Andean flamingo
Chiwerengero cha Andean flamingo chikuchepa kwambiri chifukwa cha kutayika kwa malo ndi chilengedwe.
Ku East Africa, Flamesos agawika m'magulu akuluakulu - anthu opitilila miliyoni, ndikupanga mbalame zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Mwa flamesos onse, ma flameso aku Andean okha ndi miyendo yachikaso.
Aroma akale ankakonda kwambiri chilankhulo cha flamesos monga chakudya chamtengo wapatali. Mazira a Flamingo amadyanso m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.
Sizikudziwikiratu chifukwa chake ma flamos aima mwendo umodzi. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, amatulutsa mwendo umodzi m'madzi ozizira, omwe amawathandiza kupulumutsa kutentha. Pakupumula, nthawi zambiri amapinda mwendo umodzi, womwe kwa iwo umawoneka bwino.
"Mbalame yabwino kwambiri," Umu ndi momwe wapaulendo waku Russia waku Grigory Karelin adalankhulira za (Flamingo) wofiirira, yemwe adaphunzira mtundu wa Kazakhstan m'ma 1900. "Maonekedwe, ndi zofanananso ndi mbalame zomwe ngamira imakhala ndi miyendo inayi," adafotokoza Karelin.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Mafelemu ndi mbalame zokongola kwambiri, zomwe zimayendayenda m'madzi osaya kuyambira m'mawa mpaka usiku kufunafuna chakudya komanso kupuma nthawi zina. Amalumikizana wina ndi mzake mothandizidwa ndi phokoso lomwe limatikumbutsa phokoso la atsekwe, limangokhala lokwezeka komanso lokwera kwambiri. Usiku, mawu a flamingo amveka ngati nyimbo ya lipenga.
Poopseza kuti mdani kapena munthu amene ali m'bwatomo atha kukhala, gulu limayamba kusunthira kumbali, kenako nkunyamuka. Zowona, kuthamanga kumakhala kovuta - pafupifupi mphindi zisanu mbalameyo imayenda m'madzi osaya, ndikukupiza mapiko ake, ndikuwuluka kale, imatenga "masitepe" ena pang'ono pamwamba pamadzi.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Ngati mungayang'ane gululo kuchokera pansi, zikuwoneka kuti mitanda ikuwuluka thambo - mlengalenga, ma flamos amatambasulira makosi awo kutsogolo ndikuwongola miyendo yawo yayitali.
Ma flames ouluka ndikufaniziranso ndi malo amagetsi, omwe maulalo ake amakhala ofiira owoneka bwino, kenako amatuluka, kuwonetsa owonera mitundu yakuda yamapulogalamu. Flamingos, mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe ake okongola, amatha kukhala ndi nyengo zomwe zimasautsa nyama zina, mwachitsanzo, pafupi ndi nyanja zamchere / zamchere.
Palibe nsomba, koma ambiri crustaceans (brine shrimp) - chakudya chachikulu cha flamesos. Khungu lowonda pamiyendo ndikuyendera madzi oyera, pomwe malawi amatsuka mchere ndikuzimitsa ludzu, kupulumutsa mbalamezo kumalo achesa. Komanso osagwirizana ndi
Kuyimirira pa mwendo umodzi
Sizinali za flamesos zomwe zidabwera ndikudziwikiratu - mbalame zambiri zokhala ndi miyendo yayitali (kuphatikiza ndi agwada) zimayimilira pamiyendo imodzi kuti zichepetse kutentha mkati mwa mphepo.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Mfundo yoti mbalameyo imaponya mwachangu ndi mlandu chifukwa cha miyendo yake yotalikirapo, yopepukidwa kuti isunge zambiri. Ndiye chifukwa chake ma Flamesos amakakamizidwa kuti azilimbitsa ndikutentha mwendo umodzi kapena wina.
Kuchokera kumbali yomwe imawoneka ngati yosavomerezeka, koma flamingo palokha siyimva chilichonse. Chiwalo chomwe chimathandizira chimadalirabe popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu iliyonse yam'matumbo, popeza sichimapinda chifukwa chachipangizo champhamvu kwambiri.
Makina amodzimodziwo amagwira ntchito pomwe flamingo imakhala pa nthambi: ma tendon pamiyendo yopindika amakokedwa ndikuwakakamiza zala kuti agwire nthambi mwamphamvu. Mbalame ikagona, "kugwidwa" sikuchepera, kulepheretsa kugwa pamtengo.
Habitat, malo okhala
Flamingos amapezeka makamaka m'malo otentha komanso madera otentha:
- Africa
- A Asia
- America (Pakati ndi Kumwera),
- Kumwera kwa Europe.
Chifukwa chake, magawo akulu akulu amoto wamba amaonekera kumwera kwa France, Spain ndi Sardinia. Ngakhale kuti magulu a mbalame nthawi zambiri amakhala akuwala kwambiri, palibe mtundu uliwonse womwe ungadzitamande mosalekeza. Nesting imachitika padera, m'malo ena nthawi zambiri yopatula ma kilomita masauzande .
Flamingos nthawi zambiri amakhazikika m'mphepete mwa dziwe lopanda mchere kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kuyesera kukhala m'malo owonekera. Zimakhala m'malo am'mapiri ataliatali (Andes) komanso m'zigwa (Kazakhstan). Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimangokhala. Anthu wamba okha okhala ndi moto wamoto wokhala kumayiko akumpoto ndi omwe amasamukira.
Malo okhala Flamingo
Nthawi zambiri ma flames amatha kupezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Ambiri amafunitsitsa kudziwa komwe flamos zimakhala. Amatha kupezeka ku Africa, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia. Mbalameyi imakhala kumwera kwa Europe - ku France, ku Sardinia, ku Spain. Malo omwe ma flames amakhala nthawi zonse amakopa alendo.
Komanso mbalame zimatha kupezeka m'maiko aku Africa monga Moroko, Tunisia, Mauritania, Kenya, Cape Verde. Amakhala kumwera kwa Afghanistan, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India, ku Sri Lanka. M'madzi angapo a ku Kazakhstan, mbalamezi zimangodzitukumula.
Kodi ma flamesos amakhala kuti ku Russia? Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti m'gawo la Russian Federation mbalame sizikhala ndi chisa, koma nthawi zina zimangosamuka kukamwa kwamitsinje yakumwera. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina zimatha kuwoneka pa Volga ndi pafupi ndi matupi ena amadzi oyenda a Krasnodar ndi Stavropol Territories. Nthawi zina amawulukira ku Siberia, Yakutia, Primorye, ku Urals, koma nthawi yotentha yokha. Amapita nthawi yozizira ku Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Iran.
Flamingos ndi mbalame zachikhalidwe, amakhala m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Kuti maulendo apandege, amasonkhana pagulu, ndipo kale padziko lapansi amagwirizana m'magulu. Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi nyanja zamchere, nyanja zamchere, mitsinje, ndi madzi osaya. Nthawi zambiri amayendayenda m'magulu akuluakulu m'malo okhala pansi pamatope. Madera ena a pinki a flamingo ali ndi mazana aanthu.
Izi ndi mbalame zokhazikika, zimangoyendayenda kuti zizipeza malo abwino okhala ndi chakudya chokwanira. Ndege zimapangidwa kokha ndi oimira anthu akumpoto.
Makhalidwe a flamesos m'maiko osiyanasiyana ndiosiyana. Mbalamezo ndizolimba.Malo omwe amawakonda ndi nyanja zamchere ndi zamchere, momwe mumapezeka crustaceans ambiri. Madzi oterowo nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mapiri. Mbalame zimayimira tsiku lonse m'madzi amchere ndipo sizimva kusasangalala chifukwa cha khungu lakuda pamiyendo yawo. Kuti athetse ludzu lawo, nthawi zina amawulukira akasupe amadzi abwino. Flamingos amagona ataimirira m'madzi.
Kodi malawi amamanga bwanji zisa?
Kusiyanitsa ndi kuwononga nthawi ndi njira yomangira zisa. Kuti aswetse ma flamingo, nyumba zopangidwa ndi nyemba zimapangidwa m'madzi osaya kuchokera ku silika ndi dongo, zokhala ngati timiyala ting'onoting'ono pafupifupi 60. Tonse chachikazi ndi chachimuna timagwira nawo ntchito yomanga. Siziikira mazira ambiri, nthawi zambiri mumphika wa zidutswa 2-3. Makolo amasinthana kuwaswa anapiye kwa masiku makumi atatu. Chingwe chimakhala chodziyimira pawokha komanso chogwira ntchito. Pakupita masiku ochepa, amakhala mamembala athunthu.
Makolo amadyetsa anapiye ndi mkaka wa mbalame wapadera, womwe umapangidwa kumtunda kwa esophagus. Mkakawu ulinso ndi mtundu wa pinki. Sipangopangidwa ndi akazi okha, komanso amuna. Anapiye osowa amaphimbidwa ndi oyera, omwe kenako amatuwa. Choyamba, ana amtundu wamtundu wa kindergarten, momwe mumakhalanso ophunzitsa. Makolo akutanganidwa kufunafuna chakudya panthawiyi. M'malo modyeramo amatha kupitirira 200 cubs. Makolo amadziwa ana awo ndi mawu. Iwo okha, ana amayamba kudya pakatha miyezi iwiri, pomwe mulomo umakula. Pamiyezi itatu, mbalame zakuwala zakale zimawoneka ngati mbalame zachikulire.
Mitundu ya Flamingos
Mitundu isanu ikudziwika pakali pano. Malawi ofiira amakhala kuzilumba za ku Caribbean ndi ku Galapagos. Mtundu wa kuchuluka kwawo ungafikire utoto wofiirira komanso wowala bwino.
Zoyala zazing'onoting'ono kapena zoyaka pang'ono zimakhala kumphepete mwa Persian Gulf, komanso kumadera oyandikana ndi nyanja ya Kenya ndi Tanzania. Kutalika kwa matupi awo kumangofika masentimita 80. Mokwera kumapiri a Andes kuli nyanja zamchere zomwe Andean flamesos amakhala. Zowonjezera zawo zimakhala zoyera bwino, zofiirira. Ku Bolivia komanso kumpoto kwa Argentina, James Flames amakhala osowa kwambiri. Amadyera ma diatoms. Ku South America, mutha kuwona zamalawi zaku Chile. Mapiko a mbalamezi ali ndi tint yofiila.
Moyo wowopsa wamoto wamtchire
Kuopseza kwachilengedwe kwa flamesos ndi adani: nkhandwe, ankhandwe, mimbulu. Komanso chiwopsezo china kumakamuwo chimayimiriridwa ndi mbalame zolusa, mwachitsanzo, monga chiwombankhanga. Pozindikira zowopsa, malawi awuluka. Ponyamuka, amafunikira kuthamangitsidwa, komwe amatha kumayenda m'madzi ndi pamtunda. Popeza kuti ma flamos amachitika m'magulu, zimakhala zovuta kuti adani asankhe nyama imodzi, ndipo mapiko a motley amawaletsa kuti asayang'ane. Kuthengo, mbalame zimakhala zaka 30, zili mu ukapolo - mpaka 40.
- Makolo akale a flames anali padziko lapansi zaka 30 miliyoni zapitazo.
- Zambiri mwa mbalame sizingokhala pinki zokha, komanso zofiira komanso ngakhale rasipiberi.
- Zonyamuka, zimayenda pamadzi amtunda wa 5-6.
- Pothawa, amatenga mawonekedwe a mtanda, amatambasula miyendo yawo ndi khosi.
- Makolo amtsogolo amakhala pachisa ndi miyendo yawo yolimbitsidwa, ndikuwuka kuchokera pamenepo, ndikupumula mulomo wawo pansi.
Kutetezedwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamalawi
Pokhudzana ndi kuba ndi ntchito zachuma za anthu, kuchuluka kwa maufulu padziko lapansi kwatsika kwambiri. Mu Buku Lofiyira Lapadziko Lonse, adakali ndi dzina la "Chowopsa Chachikulu". Mitundu ina ya nyama kwa nthawi yayitali anthu amati imatha. Chifukwa chake, James flamesos adapezeka mu 1957 zokha. Maiko ambiri padziko lapansi adalowa m'mabuku a Masewera Awo.
Jiografia yokhala
Kuchuluka kwa ma pinki flames amakhala ku Africa ndi India. Komanso, mbalamezi zimatha kupezeka ku Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Russia, Spain, Southern France, Iran. Kuti azikhalamo, ma pinki oyang'anira pinki amasankha magombe ang'onoang'ono a nyanja, kapena nyanja zazing'ono zamchere.
Ma pinki malawi akuyang'ana chakudya.
Malawi a pinki pakuuluka.