Imodzi mwa mbalame zofunikira kwambiri komanso zokongola zachilengedwe ndi mitundu ina ya nyama, yomwe malo ake ndi ochulukirapo. Ma pheasants amtchire amakhala ku Eurasia ndipo amawonjezeredwa kumadera ena a dziko lapansi. Zimaleredwa m'mafamu osaka ndipo zimapangidwanso malo osaka Dera la Moscow. Nyama ya Pheasant ndi yanthete, yathanzi komanso yabwino. Ndipo kusaka kwa pheasants kumawoneka kuti ndi abwino, koma kutchova juga kwambiri. Kusaka kwa pheasant ndikwabwino chifukwa kumapereka zosankha zambiri, monga momwe akunenera, pakukonda ndi mtundu uliwonse. Mutha kusankha kusaka pheasant ndi galu, popanda galu, nokha kapena pagulu. Ngati mulibe galu wanu, koma mukufuna kusaka ndi galu, ndiye kuti pali makampani omwe amapereka galu wophunzitsidwa bwino komanso wophunzitsidwa kusaka pheasant.
Kusintha kogawa mafakitale
Dziko lokhala ndi ma kolala okongola modabwitsa ndi nkhalango zamapiri zam'mwera kwa China komanso Sibet yakummawa. Chosadabwitsa kuti malo okhala mitunduyi samamvekanso bwino. Koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso kuchepa kwa malo olanda ku China, ma pheasants amapezeka ochepa. Zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira Lapadziko Lonse.
Malo omwe amagawikidwapo wamba, Colchic kapena Caucasian pheasant koyambirira kudutsa m'mphepete mwa Pacific East ndi Nyanja ya Caspian. Koma mtunduwu kuyambira kalekale wasamutsidwira ku Europe. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti kwa zaka 4000 anthu aku Europe akhala akumusaka. Poyamba, ogula ku Colchis adabwera ku Greece wakale, kudutsa kumwera kwa Europe. Aroma akale ankakonda kwambiri nyama yokoma kwambiri. Adasamukira ku mbalameyi kukagonjetsa kumwera kwa France ndi Germany. Ma pheasant athu ndi ochulukirapo ku Transcaucasia, ku North Caucasus, gombe lakumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Caspian kupita kukamwa kwa Volga ndi muDera la Moscow.
Malo achilengedwe
Malo okhala Phe Phe amasankhidwa mosamala. Amapewa nkhalango zazitali zazitali. Ma pheasant omwe mumakonda ndi mitengo yamtundu umodzi, zitsamba zowirira, nthula, pakati pake pali mitengo ikuluikulu yomwe ili ndi korona. Ma Pheasants amafunitsitsa kukhala m'malo omwe zitsamba ndi mitengo yazunguliridwa ndi mitengo ndi minda, madzi ndi ofunikira. Mitundu ina ya ma pheasants imakhala kumapiri, pomwe ina imakhala m'malo otsika. Mabedi a bango ndi mabango m'mbali mwa mitsinje, nyanja ndi nyanja asankha ma pheasant. Makamaka, malo otsika a Kuban, Terek, Sulak, m'nkhokwe za Nyanja ya Caspian,Dera la Moscow.
Nkhalango yowonekeratu bwino imapetsedwa zonse zomwe zimatha kupezeka; chilengedwe ndi malo okhala m'nkhalango yayikulu ndizakufa kwa mbalamezi. Choyamba, pali zakudya zochepa zomwe zimangokhala, ndipo chachiwiri, pali ambiri omwe amadyera.
Tsiku la "ntchito" la opasants ladzala. Amayendayenda masana tsiku lonse kufunafuna chakudya ndi madzi, kuyenda kuchitsamba chimodzi kupita kwina, kukwera m'nkhalango zaminga, kuyendera m'mbali mwa nkhalangoyi, kupanga mimbulu kuminda. Ma Pheasants amafuna mbewu ndi mphukira zazing'ono, amakonda zipatso kwambiri. Amatenga tizilombo tambiri, timene timapindulira minda ndi nkhalango. Ndipo pokhapokha kutada usiku amayang'ana mtengo wabwino woti ungokhala usiku umodzi kapena chitsamba chowoneka bwino. Mwambiri, ma pheasant ndi mbalame zokhala pansi. Sakonda kuchoka pamalo omwe amakonda. Zowona, atatchingira, ophera amatha kusuntha. Munthawi imeneyi, amatha kuwoneka m'malo osayembekezeka a pheasants.
Mbalame sizipanga ndegezi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a anatomical. Amakwera mapiko pokhapokha pakufunika ndikuwuluka pafupi. Koma ma pheasants amayenda bwino. Ndipo akuthamanga ali atsogoleri pakati pa nkhuku. Pokhala bwino, opumuka amayenda pang'onopang'ono, kuwerama kapena kukoka makosi awo ndikukweza mchira wa chic. Akathamanga kwambiri, akumwa amagwada pansi, ndipo mchira wawo umakweza. Kuchita mopambanitsa amathandizira pakuthamanga mapiko. Nthambi za mitengo, ma pheya amatha kuimirira, kapena, atawerama miyendo, amagona panthambi, atapachika mchira wautali.
Zizolowezi Phe Phe
Zomverera zakunja za pheasants zimapangidwa bwino. Koma kuswana pheasants sichimakhala choyipa. Samasiyanitsa mbuye wawo (Moscow, dera la Moscow) pakati pa anthu ena. Mwa munthu aliyense, opanga akuwona mdani yekha, yemwe ayenera kuopedwa komanso kupewa.
Ma Pheasants amakhala pakati pawo limodzi. Zachidziwikire, pakukhwima, mkangano waukulu umakhala pakati pa amuna. Koma pochita zachikazi, yamphongo imadzilemekezanso. Ndiwokamba wofunikira ndipo amawonetsa kukongola kwake. Akazi nthawi zonse amakhala odzichepetsa. Tambala nthawi zambiri amayendetsa nkhuku zingapo. Komabe, nthawi zina pamakhala makampani osakanizika ochokera ku nkhuku zambiri ndi tambala angapo.
Ma pheasants nthawi zonse amabisala nyengo ya mating isanathe. Amakhala pamitengo asanagone. Masana masana, amakonda kufufuta zitsamba ndi udzu wawutali posaka chakudya. Malo otseguka amapewedwa. Mbalame ndizofunikira kwambiri madzulo komanso m'mawa. Ndi kutuluka kwa dzuwa pitani patchuthi. Kuthengo, amphamaso nthawi zambiri amakhala amwano. Tambala nthawi yakuswana imatsata wamkazi wosankhidwa ndikuchita nawo maphunziro a anapiye. Koma ma pheasants omwe amakhala m'malo okhala nyama zakutchire pamafamu a pheasant ndi amitala. Atambala amphamvu kwambiri kuzungulira okha amatenga zazikazi 5 mpaka 10. Chifukwa cha nsanje, amphongo achimuna sakhala otsika kuposa mbalame zina za nkhuku, molimba mtima kumenya nkhondo ndi otsutsana nawo.
Amuna pakukhwima masiku ano. Zowona, mbalame za kutchire sizimasangalatsa kwenikweni. Pa nthawi yaubwenzi, anamwino opeza mozungulira wamkazi, amatenga malo osiyanasiyana, ndikufalitsa mapiko ndikukweza mchira wake. Nthawi yomweyo akuvina, akufuula, kukupiza mapiko ake. Mwamuna akangokwatirana, amasiya kulabadira zazikazi. Mwambiri, zazimayi zimayang'ana amuna anzawo mwankhanza. Atakwaniritsa "ntchito yolumikizana", anyamatawa amayendayenda m'minda, ataloledwa kulowa ndewu, koma osayesa kupambana.
Mzimayi wothira feteleza amafunafuna nook pakati pa msipu kapena udzu wopanda dothi. Amakumba pansi osaya pansi, ndikuikamo zofunda zochepa ndikuyika mazira 8-12. Ma pheya okhala ndi mazira ang'ono komanso ozungulira kuposa nkhuku zoweta. Awa ndi ma monochrome, obiriwira otuwa mwachikasu.
Mwachilengedwe, zakudya za pheasants ndizosiyana kwambiri ndipo zimatengera chilengedwe. Maziko a chakudya ndi chakudya chomera. Awa ndi mbewu, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, mbewu za muzu, zitsamba, masamba. Pazakudya zamafuta, amakonda tizilombo ndi ma mollusks. Amasaka achule, abuluzi, njoka zazing'ono, mbewa.
Mwa pheasants, malo okhala akukulirakulira nthawi zonse. Amathandizidwa bwino m'malo omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira: Finland, Scandinavia, dera la Leningrad, kumpoto kwa USA ndi Canada. Ndipo zimapezeka kuti zimakhala bwino ndikusamba bwino m'mapiri.
Chifukwa chake kutha kwa pheasants sikuwopsezedwa, kupatula mitundu ina yachilendo.
Kusaka anthu okhala m'minda yotsika mtengo ndiyokwera mtengo, chifukwa chamakampani monga famu yathu yakukolola. Ifenso timakulitsa malo opumira ndikuwamasula m'malo okonzekera. Kusaka kwa Pheasant mdera la Moscow, mtengo womwe ungakudabwitseni, ungatheke chaka chonse kwa osaka odziwa ntchito komanso oyambira. Apa mutha kusaka phe Phe yomaliza maphunziro, yokhala ndi galu kapena wopanda galu.
Chiyambi cha dzina
Dzinalo, lomwe limadziwika kuti ndi la Chirasha komanso ziyankhulo zina, limachokera mumzinda wa Fazis. M'masiku akale, mzindawu unali kum'mawa kwenikweni kwa Ponte, pagombe lakumwera kwa Fasis River (Greek: ΦcyΦισ), kapena Fazis (Rioni). Unakhazikitsidwa ndi anthu okhala ku Mileto kuti agulitse, monga malo osungiramo khoma ndi koloni. Mu Binomial dzina la sayansi, Latin mitundu dzina colchicus amatanthauza dera la Colchis, pomwe panali mzinda wa Phasis ndipo komwe, malinga ndi nthano, a Argonauts adabweretsa ma pheasants ku Greece. Patsamba lakale la Phasis pali mzinda wamakono wa Poti.
Zodziwika bwino
Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 85 cm, kulemera mpaka 1,7-2.0 kg. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi.
Pamutu pa pheasant wamba, mosiyana ndi mtundu wina wamkati, mphete yokha kuzungulira maso imangokhala yopanda tanthauzo. Kutali kwambiri, mchira wowumbika - mwa nthenga 18 zomwe zikupendekera kumapeto. Pamwamba pa mapiko achidule, ozungulira amapangika ndi nthenga zazinayi ndi zachisanu. Amphongo okhala ndi mikwingwirima m'miyendo yawo komanso zowoneka bwino.
Amunawa ndi owala bwino, utoto wake umasiyanasiyana. M'mitundu yakumpoto (subspecies), mutu ndi khosi lamphongo ndizobiriwira zagolide zomwe zimakhala pansipa. Malalanje agolide okhala ndi nthenga zakumaso zakumbuyo pang'ono ndi pang'ono amasintha kukhala nthenga zofiirira, zakumaso kwa zomwe zimakhala zofiirira. Nthenga za mchira wake ndi wachikasu- zofiirira zam'mphepete zamkuwa. Mphete yopanda kanthu kumaso ndi yofiira. Chachikazi chimakhala chofiirira, chamchenga, chokhala ndi mawanga akuda komanso akuda.
Kufalitsa
Ma pheasant wamba amagawidwa kuchokera ku Turkey kupita ku Primorsky Territory ndi Korea Peninsula, kuphatikiza Ciscaucasia ndi Volga delta, Central ndi Central Asia (Afghanistan, Mongolia) ndi ambiri ku China, komanso kumwera chakum'mawa kupita kumpoto kwa Vietnam.
Mwadzina Subtype Phasianus colchicus colchicus ("Semirechye pheasant") amakhala ku Caucasus, nthawi zina zochulukirapo, zophatikizika komanso zapakati pa Western ndi South Europe. Zigwa za North North Caucasus ndi Transcaucasia, zokhala ndi nkhalango ndi mabango, zimawoneka ngati kwawo.
Kuphatikiza pa ma subspecies osankhidwa, ma subspecies ena amapezeka mdera la USSR yakale, mwachitsanzo, Phasianus colchicus persicus (y kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Nyanja ya Caspian), Phasianus colchicus primeis (ku Aral-Caspian lowland), Phasianus colchicus chrysomelas (ibid.) ndi ena.
North Caucasian Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus septentrionalis) yalembedwa "Mndandanda wazinthu zanyama zomwe zimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera mkhalidwe wawo wachilengedwe."
M'malo ena, nkhokwezi zimapangidwanso m'malo okhala ndi chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa, kupeza chakudya m'mafamu a ziweto nthawi yozizira.
Moyo
Wobzala wamba amakhala m'nkhalango zopanda mitengo, kapena m'nkhalangozi. Amasungidwa pafupi ndi madzi, m'matchire m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zokhala ndi minga ndipo zimasokonezedwa ndi mitengo yaying'ono, kapena zitsamba m'mbali mwa minda. Poopa, samakonda kukwera mitengo, amakonda kubisala pansi m'maudzu ndi tchire.
Chakudya chake chachikulu chimakhala ndi njere, zipatso zazing'ono, zipatso (ku Caucasus - sea buckthorn ndi mabulosi akutchire), mphukira. Amadyanso mbewu, tizilombo, ma bumbu, ndi mphutsi.
Kuswana
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti kuthengo, amphiri wamba amakhala kumodzi, m'mabanja - mitala.
Amanga zisa pansi. Kuyika kwathunthu, komwe pheasant wamba kumayambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kumakhala ndi chiwerengero chofunikira kwambiri (mpaka 20, nthawi zambiri 8-18) cha mazira a bulauni amtundu umodzi. Makulitsidwe kumatenga masiku 22-28. Akazi okha ndi omwe amalowetsa anapiyewo; amphongo samatenga nawo gawo kuwaswa.
Gulu
Gawani masapeni 32, kapena mitundu yamitundu, yamphala wamba, yamitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- Phasianus colchicus alashanicus Alpataky & Bianchi, 1908
- Phasianus colchicus bergii
- Phasianus colchicus bianchii Buturlin, 1904
- Phasianus colchicus chrysomelas Severtzov, 1875
- Phasianus colchicus colchicus Linnaeus, 1758 - Transcaucasian
- Phasianus colchicus decollatus swinhoe, 1870
- Phasianus colchicus edzinensis Sushkin, 1926
- Phasianus colchicus elegans Elliot, 1870
- Phasianus colchicus europaeus
- Phasianus colchicus formosanus Elliot, 1870
- Phasianus colchicus hagenbecki Rothschild, 1901
- Phasianus colchicus karpowi Buturlin, 1904
- Phasianus colchicus kiangsuensis Buturlin, 1904
- Phasianus colchicus mongolicus Brandt, 1844 - Manchu
- Phasianus colchicus pallasi Rothschild, 1903 - Far Eastern, kapena Ussuri
- Phasianus colchicus persicus Severtzov, 1875
- Phasianus colchicus primeis P. L. Sclater, 1885
- Phasianus colchicus rothschildi La Touche, 1922
- Phasianus colchicus satschuensis Pleske, 1892
- Phasianus colchicus septentrionalis Lorenz, 1888]] - North Caucasian
- Phasianus colchicus shawii Elliot, 1870
- Phasianus colchicus sohokhotensis Buturlin, 1908
- Phasianus colchicus strauchi Prjevalsky, 1876
- Phasianus colchicus suehschanensis Bianchi, 1906
- Phasianus colchicus takatsukasae Delacour, 1927
- Phasianus colchicus talischensis Lorenz, 1888
- Phasianus colchicus tarimensis Pleske, 1889
- Phasianus colchicus torquatus Gmelin, 1789 - wokhala ndi zingwe
- Phasianus colchicus turcestanicus Lorenz, 1896
- Phasianus colchicus vlangallii Prjevalsky, 1876
- Phasianus colchicus zarudnyi Buturlin, 1904
- Phasianus colchicus zerafschanicus Tarnovski, 1893
M'mbuyomu, mitundu yodziwika yodziwika bwino ya nyama yodziwika bwino yodziwika ngati mitundu yodziyimira payokha, mwachitsanzo, mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yomwe imakhala ku Central ndi East Asia kokha.
Anthu ndi antchito wamba
Orginary pheasant - mbalame yofunika kusaka ndi mbalame zapakhomo, zomwe zimawetedwa kusaka, kulima ndi kukonza ziwembu, komanso ku minda yapadera yolima ndi minda yolima.
Kuphatikiza apo, mu ukapolo komanso chifukwa chaulimi chimakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusaka pheasant - mawonekedwe osakanizidwa omwe adatulukira ku Europe ndikutenga nawo gawo kwa Transcaucasian, Semirechensky ndi subspecies achi China a pheasant wamba.
Kuphatikiza pa Asia, yoyambitsidwa ndi anthu ku Europe, North America ndi Australia (pafupifupi maiko 50). Zochitika zachilengedwe za anthu okhala pheasant adaziphunzira m'maphunziro angapo.
Common Pheasant ndi mbalame ya ku Georgia. Chakudya cha ku Georgia chotchedwa Chakhokhbili (Chijojiya ხოხობხოხობ (Khokhobi) - pheasant) chinali chopangidwa kuchokera kuzidutswa za mbalameyi. Mtunduwu umasankhidwanso ngati chizindikiro cha South Dakota ku USA ndi Iwate Prefecture ku Japan.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a pheasant
Fizanti - Ino ndi mbalame yomwe imayimirira pamutu wabanja la pheasant, lomwe limayitanidwa ndi nkhuku.
Ma pheasants ali ndi maula ochulukitsa, omwe ali gawo lalikulu la mbalame. Wamphongo ndi wamkazi ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana, monga m'mabanja ena ambiri am'm mbalame, yamphongo imakhala yokongola kwambiri komanso yowala.
Kuonera dimorphism kumakula kwambiri mwa mbalamezi. Amuna ndi okongola kwambiri, owoneka bwino komanso amakula, koma zimatengera mitundu yapaubweya, yomwe imakhala yoposa 30. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ma subspecies nawonso ndi mtundu wa manambala.
Mwachitsanzo, pheasant wamba amaphatikiza ma subspecies ambiri: mwachitsanzo, pheasant waku Georgia - amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa bulauni pamimba, yomwe imakhala ndi nthenga zowala.
Woyimira wina ndi Khiva pheasant, mtundu wake umalamulidwa ndi wofiira ndi tint yamkuwa.
Mwana wamkazi wamba wamwamuna amakhala ndi maonekedwe okongola owoneka bwino
Koma pheasant aku Japan amasiyana ndi ena onse mu mtundu wobiriwira, womwe umaimiridwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Zowonjezera za pheasant ku Japan zimayang'aniridwa ndi mithunzi yobiriwira
Chithunzi cha pheasants vumbulani kukongola kwapadera kwa mbalamezi. Komabe, izi ndizomwe zimadziwika kwambiri amuna.
Zachikazi ndizopaka utoto modzichepera, mtundu waukulu wa manambala ndi imvi ndi utoto wamafuta ndi a pinki. Mtundu womwe umapangidwira thupi umayimiriridwa ndi madontho ang'ono.
Kunja, pheasant amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mbalame ina ndi mchira wake wautali, womwe umafika pafupifupi masentimita 40 mwa mkazi, ndi 60 cm mwaimuna.
Kulemera kwa pheasant kutengera ma subspecies, komanso kukula kwa thupi. Mwachitsanzo, pheasant wamba amakhala ndi kulemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu awiri, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi ndizochepa pang'ono kuposa mita.
Maonekedwe okongola komanso nyama yokoma kwambiri komanso yathanzi ya mbalameyi ndiyomwe imayambitsa misa kusaka pheasant. Omwe amapha agalu osaka nthawi zambiri amachita, omwe amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera ndipo amapeza mosavuta komwe kuli mbalameyo.
Ntchito ya galu ndikuwongolera ophera kumtengowo, chifukwa nthawi yakuchotsedwako ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri, ndi nthawi iyi pomwe mlenje amawombera. Ndipo kenako ntchito ya galu ndikubweretsa chogwidwa kwa mwiniwake.
Nyama ya Pheasant imayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kukoma kwake ndi zopatsa mphamvu, zomwe zimakhala 254 kcal pa magalamu 100 a chinthucho, kuphatikiza apo, zimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri ofunikira pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa thupi.
Pali maphikidwe ambiri ophikira pheasant, ndipo iliyonse yaiwo ndi mwaluso kwambiri. Mkazi wabwino wanyumba mwina amadziwamomwe kuphika pheasantkunena motsimikiza kukoma kwake kosadetsedwa ndikusunga machitidwe onse ofunikira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito nyama yakudya mu chakudya kumachulukitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, kubwezeretsa mphamvu zomwe zakhala zikutha ndipo kumatha kubwezeretsa thupi lonse.
Mwana wamkazi wamkulu wamkazi amakhala ndi maonekedwe akuda bii
Kufunako kwa nyama koyambirira koyambitsidwa kuswana pheasants m'mafamu osaka momwe adabwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwa mbalame nthawi yakusaka, yomwe, monga lamulo, imagwera. Kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, ma pheasants adayamba kupasidwa zigawo ngati anthu osaka ndi kukongoletsa bwalo lawo.
Kwenikweni, kuti azikongoletsa bwalo, adapereka mawonekedwe okongola monga golide wogulitsa. Nthenga za mbalameyi ndizowala kwambiri: golide, ofiira, akuda. Mbalameyi imawoneka yokongola kwambiri komanso yochititsa chidwi.
Pachithunzichi pali pheasant golide
M'zaka zam'ma 1900, kuwerengetsa nyumba zapanyumba kunachitidwa kale kulikonse. Nkhuku zimabweretsa phindu lokwanira kwa eni ake, chifukwa chake kunyumba kusamalira pheasants amapita kumalo ena atsopano a zootechnical ndipo akukhala pamalo ofunikira. Chifukwa chake, ndi kukula kwa kusaka kwa pheasant gulani ma pheasants Zakhala zosavuta komanso zopindulitsa kwambiri.
Khalidwe la Pheasant ndi Moyo
Pheasant ili ndi mutu wothamanga kwambiri komanso wachangu kwambiri pakati pa nthumwi zonse za nkhuku. Pothamanga, pheasant amatenga malo apadera, amakweza mchira, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amatambasulira mutu ndi khosi patsogolo.Wogulitsa amakhala pafupifupi moyo wake wonse padziko lapansi, pokhapokha pamavuto kwambiri, amakhala pangozi. Komabe, kuuluka sindiwo mwayi waukulu wa mbalame.
Ma pheasant monga chikhalidwe chawo ndi mbalame zamanyazi kwambiri ndipo amayesera kuti akhale otetezeka. Malo oterewa ndi mbalame ndi tchire kapena udzu wamtali wamtali.
Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimakhala zokha, koma nthawi zina zimakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Ndikosavuta kuwona mbalame m'mawa kapena madzulo, akatuluka m'khola kuti adye. Nthawi yonseyi, ma pheasants amakhala zobisika komanso obisala kwa maso amtengo.
Ma Pheasants amakonda kukhala pamitengo, chifukwa cha mtundu wa motley, amakhala otetezeka pakati pa masamba ndi nthambi. Asanatsike pansi, apabizinesi amapanga nthawi yayitali mlengalenga. Choyimira chimayamba ngati "kandulo yokhazikika", pambuyo pake ndegeyo imanyamuka.
Mutha kumva mawu a pheasant akangouluka. Pakati pa mapiko akumwetulira, munthu amatha kulira kwambiri, ndikulira kwambiri. Izi zimveka ngati kulira kwa tambala, koma sikuti lalitali komanso lamphamvu.
Malo omwe mbalamezi amagawirako ndizambiri. Ma Pheasants amakhala ku Iberian Peninsula kupita ku zilumba za Japan. Mbalameyi imatha kupezeka ku Caucasus, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan ndi Far East. Kuphatikiza apo, ma pheasants amapezeka ku North America, komanso m'maiko ambiri aku Europe.
Chakudya cha pheasant
Mu chilengedwe, zachilengedwe, chakudya cha pheasant chimakhala makamaka ndi zakudya zamasamba. Kukwaniritsa njala, akumwa amagwiritsa ntchito nthangala, zipatso, ma rhizomes, mphukira ndi masamba. Zakudya za nyama ndizofunikanso kwa mbalame, zimadya mphutsi, mphutsi, tizilombo, akangaude.
Chizindikiro cha mbalamezi ndikuti anapiye kuchokera pobadwa amadya zakudya zamtchire, ndipo pokhapokha kanthawi atasinthira kubzala chakudya.
Nthawi zina amphika zakudya pansi, kumasula masamba, nthaka ndi udzu ndi miyendo yawo yolimba, kapena kukhomera chakudya kuchokera kumtunda pamtunda wawung'ono kuchokera pansi.
Kodi akazi amasiyana bwanji amuna?
Potengera kufotokozera koyambirira kwa mbalame zokongola komanso zamtunduwu, munthu amatha kudziwa mosavuta kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zazimuna ndi zazimuna.
- Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mbalame zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mtundu wamafuta. Amuna ali ndi mtundu wowala komanso wamitundu yambiri, mosiyana ndi akazi okutidwa ndi nthenga m'mitundu yakuda.
- Amuna amakhala akulu nthawi zonse kuposa akazi. Izi sizimangotengera kutalika kwa thupi lawo, komanso kulemera.
- Amuna amakula mchira wautali komanso wowoneka bwino kuposa zazikazi.
- Pa nthenga zachimuna mutha kuwona kuwala kwachilendo, pafupi ndi chitsulo. Uku ndiye kusiyana kwina pakati pa mbalame zamtunduwu zamtunduwu. Mwa akazi pa nthenga, mawonekedwe okongola oterowo samawonedwa.
- Wamphongo amakhala ndi miyendo yake mwapadera. Amawagwiritsa ntchito kumenyera akazi. Zowonadi, omalizirawa alibe zowonjezera izi pamapazi awo.
Palibe zovuta kusiyanitsa mkazi ndi wamwamuna. Chinthu choyamba chomwe mumakonda kulabadira ndicho mtundu.
Zachikazi nthawi zonse zimawoneka zowoneka bwino komanso zochepa. Amphongo nthawi yomweyo amakopa maso awo chifukwa cha utoto wolemera komanso wamtundu wa nthenga.
Habitat ndi moyo
Pheasant ndiofala kwambiri - kuchokera ku Iberian Peninsula kupita kuzilumba za Japan. Anthuwa amapezeka nthawi zambiri ku Caucasus, Turkmenistan, ndi Far East. Mtunduwu umatha kuzolowera zosiyanasiyana ndikukakhala pafupifupi kulikonse. Chachikulu ndikuti m'malo omwe akukhalamo nthawi yachisanu kutalika kwa chisanu sikuli oposa 20 cm.
Pheasant akumva bwino kwambiri, ngakhale kukhala m'mapiri pamtunda wa 2600 m pamwamba pa nyanja. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, munthu wokongola chotere amatha kukhala moyo kwakanthawi. Mbadwo wa mbalame zakutchire zinali zaka 7 ndi miyezi 7.
Ponena za ukapolo, mkati mwa chimango ichi, mbalame yokongolayi imakhala mwakachetechete zaka 12 mpaka 15.
Nthawi zambiri anthu amakhala pagulu limodzi. Magulu okhala ndi amuna okhaokha nthawi zambiri amakhala ochulukirapo kuposa magulu omwe amakhala ndi akazi achichepere okha. Anthuwa amapita kukapeza chakudya m'mawa ndi madzulo. Nyengo yamasika ikayamba, machitidwe a pheasants amasintha kwambiri. Amasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Mbalame zimakhala, monga lamulo, m'malo omwe ali pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, momwe mumakhala masamba okwanira komanso chakudya chokwanira. Nthawi zambiri amphiri amakhazikika m'nkhalango kapena m'nthaka.
Malo omwe anthu amawakonda awa ndi m'nkhalangozi. Zimateteza bwino mbalame zooneka bwino komanso zowoneka ndi maso kuti zisazitengere. Mdani wamkulu pokhapokha pokhapokha amatha kudutsa zitsamba zaminga. Masamba osawerengeka ndi malo ena omwe pheasants ingakhale ndi otetezeka.
Ma Pheasant amakonza zisa pansi. Amapezeka pafupi ndi malo osungira.
Nthawi zambiri ma pheasant amapereka mawu pokhapokha ngati ndege. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mbalamezi zimapanga phokoso linalake: lakuthwa, sonor. Ndikosavuta kusokoneza ndi china chofanana.
Ma Pheasants ndiwo ojambula pamaulendo othamanga. Mbalamezi zika kuthamanga, zimatenga mawonekedwe osazolowereka, zokhazokha kwa iwo - mbalamezo zimakulitsa makosi awo, zimadyetsa mitu yawo kutsogolo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakweza mchira wawo. Momwemonso, pamlingo wachibadwa, machitidwe alipo omwe amalimbikitsa bwino aerodynamics pamene akuthamanga.
Kuthengo, adani achilengedwe a mbalame zokongola izi:
Zowona, ziyenera kudziwika pano kuti m'modzi mwa adani ochulukitsa kwambiri komanso owopsa a pheasants pakadali pano ndi munthu, osati nyama zolusa.
Nthawi zambiri, kuti agwire mbalamezi, anthu amaika agalu osaka mu bizinesi, zomwe ndizosavuta kugwira pheasants mwachangu komanso popanda mavuto. Kupeza mbalame, galu wosaka amaiyendetsa pamtengo. Akangotsala pang'ono kuchotsa, msakiyo amawombera.
Zosiyanasiyana
Anthu ambiri akutsimikiza kuti pheasant ndi mtundu wokhawo wa mbalame zowala. M'malo mwake, mitundu ingapo ya mitundu yake imasiyanitsidwa, oimira omwe ali ndi mtundu ndi mawonekedwe ake. Tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane ma subspecies otchuka komanso odziwika bwino a pheasant ndikuwona momwe amasiyana.
Mwachizolowezi
Mbidzi wamba zodziwika bwino ndi mbalame yodziwika bwino yomwe nthawi ina inkadziwika kuti imasaka nyama kuthengo. Pambuyo pake iwo adatha kumubweretsa iye kuti awalitse makhothi achifumu ndi kupereka nyama yofunikira patebulo. Malo obadwira kumeneku ndi Caucasus. Kuphatikiza apo, pheasant wamba anali ku Kyrgyzstan ndi Turkmenistan. Pakadali pano, alimi amabzala oyimilira otchuka kuti apatsidwe nyama yowutsa mudyo - chokometsera chenicheni.
Kunja, nkhokwe wamba ya ku Caucasus ndi ofanana ndi nkhuku zosavuta. Komabe, ilinso ndi zosiyana zingapo zotchulidwa, zomwe zikuphatikiza magawo otsatirawa:
- nthenga zazitali zokulira mpaka kumapeto,
- kupezeka kwa khungu lofiira pafupi ndi maso (mtundu wa "chigoba").
Monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zonse, abambo a pheasant wamba amawoneka owoneka bwino kwambiri komanso okongola kuposa akazi. Zowonjezera zawo ndi zodulira zasiliva ndipo zimakhala ndi mithunzi yambiri yosavuta kunyalanyaza, mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa buluu, lalanje, wofiirira, wobiriwira wowala. Pakhosi ndi pamutu, nthenga zimakonda kukhala ndi nthenga. Mwa akazi, maula ali ndi mitundu itatu yoyambirira: imvi, yakuda komanso yofiirira. Kulemera kwa wamwamuna wamba kumatha pafupifupi 1.8 kg, ndipo akazi - 1.5 makilogalamu. Kuchulukitsa anthu awa kumayambira mu Epulo, ndipo kumapitilira mpaka Juni.
M'malo achilengedwe, mbalame za mtunduwu zimakonda kukhala m'malo zitsamba ndi malo omwe udzu wamtali umamera, ndipo ndimadziwe apafupi. Nthawi zambiri amuna amakhala mwamakani motsutsana ndi oyimbirana nawo. Nthawi zambiri pakati pa amuna, nkhondo zoopsa zimachitika, zomwe zimatha kupha.
Akazi nthawi zambiri amagona masentimita 8 mpaka 15. Kulakwitsa kumachitika m'mayenje ang'onoang'ono omwe anakumba pansi. Zazikazi zimaswa mazira pafupifupi masabata atatu.
Kusaka
Kamodzi kosangalatsa mtundu uwu utapezeka podutsa wobiriwira wobiriwira komanso wamba. Chiwerengero cha anthu osaka sichili chachikulu komanso chochepa. Pambuyo kuphatikiza kwa mitundu yosakanizidwa siyowala, Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imabadwa. M'nthawi yathu ino, malo ogulitsa azisaka amapezeka ku America ndi ku Europe.
Mtundu wa ma nthumwi mwa oimira mtunduwu ndiwosiyana - kuchokera oyera-oyera mpaka oyera. Mwamwambo, amphongo amawoneka okongola kwambiri komanso okongola kuposa zachikazi zomwe zimawoneka bwino. Zowonjezera zazimuna zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira kapena wa lilac. Mtundu, makamaka burgundy, lalanje, bronze kapena bulauni mitundu amawoneka. Kuphatikiza apo, anyamatawa amavala "chigoba" chofiira, "chipewa" chakuda ndi "kolala" yoyera. Miyendo yawo ndi yolimba komanso yolimba, yokhala ndi ma spurs.
Zachikazi zazimayi zosaka zodzitama zimadzitama popanga mazira ambiri. Amatha kubweretsa ma testicle 60 m'miyezi itatu - ichi ndi chizindikiro chabwino.
Ofuna kudya okhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso chitetezo chokwanira. Izi ndi mbalame zotambalala zomwe ndizabwino kuziswana.
Green
Kuyambira 1947, nkhokwe zobiriwira (zina zotchedwa Japan) zili ndi dzina la mbalame yaku Japan. M'mbuyomu, oimira mtunduwu adapezeka pazilumba za Honshu, Kyushu ndi Shikoku zokha. Mtunduwu umagawidwa m'magulu angapo osangalatsa, kotero kuswana kumatha kuwonetsa zosankha zambiri zamitundu yowala komanso yachilendo.
Kumbuyo ndi chifuwa cha abambo amtunduwu zimakutidwa ndi nthenga wokongola kwambiri wamithunzi ya emarodi. Pakhosi palibe nthenga zofiirira zowoneka bwino komanso zokongola. Monga nthawi zonse, zachikazi zowoneka bwino pakhungu sizikhala nazo - zimapakidwa utoto utoto. Mutha kuwona mabanga ang'onoang'ono akuda thupi.
Amuna obiriwira obiriwira nthawi zambiri amakhala odekha ndipo samawonetsa mkwiyo wankhanza. Amakhala zaka pafupifupi 15. Amakonda kukhala m'malo opanda mapiri, ngati udzu wautali ndi m'nkhalangozi, komwe sangaone. Anthuwa amakhala m'mabanja amitala komanso amwano.
Daimondi
Mtundu wa diamondi phe imodzi ya mbalame zokongola komanso zokongola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kupatula apo, oimira mtunduwu amatchedwa Lady Amhrest.
Mbalame yamtundu wa zokongoletsera izi samangodziwika kuti daimondi. Maonekedwe ake opanga bwino kwambiri amakhala ngati akuwala, ngati kuti mwala wamtengo wapatali. Pamutu pa zotupa zotere pali nthenga zazikulu ndi zazikulu za maluwa oyera. Kuyambira kunja, amatha kufanana ndi tsitsi lakale, lomwe limapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe a mbalamezi akhale apadera kwambiri.
Chifuwa cha pheasant dayamondi chimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa azitona kapena emarodi, pang'onopang'ono ukuyenda m'mimba yoyera matalala. Pa goiter mutha kuwona kuphatikiza kwa nthenga zakuda ndi zoyera, ndipo kumbuyo - kwamtambo wakuda. Kuzungulira maso pali khungu lomwe limakhala ndimtambo wabuluu.
Pakati pa nyengo, ma femu a diamondi achikazi amatha kubweretsa ma testic 30 okha. Mbalame za mtundu uwu zimadziwika ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu. Amayanjana mosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame, mwachitsanzo, njiwa kapena nkhuku. Chikhalidwe cha ma pheasants am diamondi ndi odekha, ochezeka komanso osagwirizana konse. Mbalamezi zimalumikizana ndi anthu mosavuta.
Nyama yakudya yakudya yamadomayi ndiyakudya, yanthete komanso yokoma kwambiri. Mazira amadziwika ndi zomwe amapatsa mapuloteni ochititsa chidwi.
Golide
Kukongola kwakukulu kwa maula ndizofanana kwa oimira mtundu wodabwitsawu.
Ma pheasants agolide amapangidwira zonse zokongoletsera, ndikupeza nyama yoyambirira komanso yokoma kwambiri.
Anthuwa amakhala ku Eastern Europe. Amakhala kwambiri m'maiko otetezedwa. M'malo ena zimakhala zovuta kukumana nawo.
Chomwe chimasiyanitsa oimira amtunduwu ndi chidwi chosangalatsa chagolide. M'mphepete mwake pali sitiroko yakuda yosiyanako. Tummy ndi maroon wakuda. Mwa akazi, crest kulibe. Zowonjezera zazimuna zimaphatikiza zachikasu, lalanje, zakuda komanso zamtambo zamtambo. Pa khosi, mutha kuwona zokongoletsera zapamwamba mu mawonekedwe a kolala ya lalanje yokhala ndi malire amdima. Mchira wa mbalamezi umakula motalika komanso modabwitsa. Akazi ndi ochepa kukula. Zowonjezera zawo sizowoneka modabwitsa komanso zodzichepetsa.
Mukukhalapo kwa ma golide achikazi, pakhoza kukhala kuchokera pakati pa 7 mpaka 10 kapena testicles. Nyengo, mbalamezi zimatha kugona mazira 45. Akazi achichepere sabweretsa 20 testicles. Mbali yayikulu ya pheasant wokongola wagolide ndikuti ngati mutachotsa mazira nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa mazira kumangokulira. Mbalamezi sizingadzitame chifukwa cha chitetezo chokwanira, chifukwa chake zimatha kupezeka ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Royal
Oimira mtunduwu ali ndi zazikulu zazikulu.
Nthawi zambiri, amaziwadulira kuti azikongoletsa, koma osati nyama yokoma.
Mbalame zokongola izi zimachokera kumapiri okwera. Pa gawo la Russia, ma phefumu achifumu amatha kupezekanso m'malo osungira nyama.
Zambiri mwa mbalamezi zimakhala ngati mamba, ndipo zimakhala ndi mtundu wotuwa. Nthenga zilizonse zimakhala ndi malire amdima, komanso m'khosi. Nthenga zowala zimawoneka pamutu wawung'ono. Akazi, monga nthawi zina, alibe mtundu wowala - amakhala ndi maonekedwe achikasu achikasu okhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wakuda kwambiri.
Kulemera kwakukulu kwa anthu awa nthawi zambiri kumakhala makilogalamu 1.3. M'malo ovuta achifumu, monga lamulo, pali mayeso 7 mpaka 14. Mbalamezi zimakonda kusuntha padziko lapansi. Mapiko omwe amayika bizinesi nthawi zochepa. Royal pheasants amakhala ndi zaka 14 ndipo amanyazi kwambiri pamakhalidwe awo.
Eva
Imodzi mwa mbalame zolemera kwambiri komanso zazikulu kwambiri ndi mbalame zina zokutamandika. Pali mitundu ingapo yamtunduwu:
Mwachilengedwe, mbalame zokongola izi zimapezeka kumapiri a East Asia. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa anthu otchuka ndikuti kuchuluka kwa zazimuna ndi zazimuna kuli ofanana. Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu.
Thupi la oimilira a mtunduwu ndiwotsika, miyendo ndi yamphamvu, koma yifupi. Ali ndi zotupa. Chinthu chinanso chomwe chimasinthanitsa ndi nthenga zautali kwambiri pafupi ndi makutu. Amadzuka pang'ono. Mutu nthawi zambiri umakhala wakuda komanso wowala pang'ono. Zozungulira zowoneka bwino zofiira zimatha kuwoneka pafupi ndi maso. Mchira wa anthu awa ndiwotalika - theka la thupi la mbalame.
Siliva
Oimira mtundu uwu ndi ambiri. Kwawo ndi China. Phulusa la siliva limatchuka chifukwa chopanga dzira. Komanso, mbalamezi zimakhala ndi kulemera kochititsa chidwi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amaweta kuti apeze nyama yowutsa mudyo komanso yokoma.
Thupi la anthu otere limakutidwa ndi phulusa kapena maula oyera oyera ngati chipale chofewa. Pali mtundu wamtundu wobiriwira. Pa nkhope mutha kuwona "chigoba" chofiira. Pamutu pali thumba looneka ngati lamtambo, ndipo kumbuyo kuli "hoodi" yoyera. Chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kosangalatsa kwa mithunzi yosiyanasiyana, kuchuluka kwa mbalameyi kumawoneka ngati kuti ndi siliva.
Kulemera kwa phexand yamphongo yamphongo imatha kufikira ma kilogalamu 5, ndipo zazikazi - pafupifupi 2-2,5 kg. Kuphatikizika kumatha kuphatikizira ma testices 50 pa nyengo. Mbalamezi zimatha kulemera kwambiri modabwitsa. Siliva pheasant amadziwika ndi chitetezo chabwino komanso cholimba, chifukwa chomwe chimadwala kwambiri.
Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti amuna amakhala ndi khalidwe loipa nthawi yobala: amakhala ankhanza komanso osachedwa kukwiya, amayamba kumenyanirana mosavuta.
ChiTaiese
Oimira mtundu uwu ndi osowa kwambiri. Kupanda kutero, opanga aku Taiwan amadziwika kuti Svayno. Zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira.
Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi miyeso yaying'ono komanso nthenga zofiirira za buluu pachifuwa ndi khosi. Kumbuyo kwenikweni pali kusintha kwamtundu wakuda. Nthenga zomwe mchira wake umakulungidwa zimakhala ndi utoto woyera ngati chipale chofewa. Malo amtundu wa lalanje amawoneka m'munsi mwa mapiko. Palibe nthenga pankhope. Mathumba a pinki owala bwino, okhala ndi ma spurs amuna.
Ma pheasants aku Taiwan amakhala amanyazi kwambiri. Ndiwosamala kwambiri. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, anthu awa tsiku lonse amatha kubisala bwino zitsamba, ndipo usiku amasunthira kumtengo. Nthawi yayitali ya ntchito za mbalame zimachitika madzulo ndi m'bandakucha. Amakhala pafupifupi zaka 15.
Argus
Mbalame izi zimapezeka koyamba pachilumba cha Malay. Ndizosowa, ndipo zimatha kupezeka muzipatala zapadera zokha kapena ku alimi a nkhuku amateur omwe amakonda kuswana mbalame.
Mtundu wa maula a anthuwa ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi pikoko. Yokha, mbalameyi ndi yayikulu kwambiri, koma osati yowala kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya ma pheasants. Ziwonetsero zamaimidwe amtunduwu zimayera imvi, khosi limakhala lofiira, ndipo mutu ndi wabuluu.
Zazikazi za Argus zimayikira mazira okwanira, koma osati nthawi zonse zimatha kuwaswa. Nyama ya mbalamezi imakhala ndi kukoma kwapadera. Mu mlengalenga, amtundu wotere amakhala mosalakwitsa. Ndiwochezeka komanso amakonda kuzolowera mwini, osamuopa komanso osabisala.
Kukula kwachinyamata nthawi zambiri kumadyetsedwa ndi minced nyama, nyongolotsi, kaloti ndi zakudya zina zoyenera.
Chiromania
Achinyamata achiRomania amakhala amodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino yamtundu wamba. Kupanda kutero, mbalamezi zimatchedwa emerald kapena zobiriwira, chifukwa cha mafunde okongola obiriwira omwe ali pamapiko awo. Mutha kupeza anthu omwe pamthenga nthenga zawo zimakhala zachikasu kapena zabuluu. Mbalameyi ndi yayikulu, ndipo idawelera nyama.
Ma pheasants aku Roma amakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya imvi. Nthawi zambiri mitu yaimuna imakutidwa ndi nthenga za mithunzi yobiriwira. Pali chochitika pamutu. Akazi amakhala ndi mtundu wa nthenga wocheperapo - wopanda bulauni, wopanda utoto wonyezimira. Mbalame yotchulidwa mufakisayo imakula mpaka miyezi 1.5, kenako imatumizidwa kuti ikaphedwe ikafika kulemera 1 kg. Panyengo, wamkazi amatha kugona mazira 20 mpaka 60. Kuchuluka kwa mazira a pheanian aku Romanian kutengera zaka zake. Nyama ya mbalameyi imakhala ndi zakudya, ndipo imakoma kwambiri.
Wachikasu
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazosiyanasiyana za zokongola za golide wokongola. Unabisidwa mwakudya ndipo uli ndi maula owala achikasu. Pamutu pali thukuta lowoneka bwino, lokopa chidwi chochuluka. Komanso, mbalamezi zimakhala ndi "hood" wokongola wachikasu. Akazi alibe utoto wowala chonchi pa nthenga. Amakhalanso achikasu, koma mawonekedwe awo ndi opepuka komanso osasokoneza. Kutalika, amuna amatha kufikira chizindikiro cha 1 m.
Akazi achikasu achikasu ankayala ma testicles awo m'maenje opangidwa pansi. Mu clutch nthawi zambiri mazira 5 mpaka 12. Oimira awa amtunduwu amakhala pafupifupi zaka 10.
Zoyenera kukonza ndi kusamalira
Zoweta zonse zitha kusungidwa kunyumba. Mbalamezi, monga zina zilizonse, zimafuna chisamaliro choyenera komanso choyenera.
Kuti mbalamezi zizikhala panyumba, mudzafunika ndalama zina.
Chifukwa chokongola izi zimayenera kupanga mawayilesi apadera. Dera lawo liyenera kukhala losachepera 5 metres. m Makamaka, kusankha kwa ma enclosures kumatengera mtundu womwe ungaberekane kumene.
- Ndizololedwa kukula mbalame zamtchire m'ming'oma yayitali. Afunika malo oti aziuluka, popeza ma pheasants ayenera kuuluka.
- Ponena za zoweta za nyama, zizisungidwa m'malo otetezedwa ndi mipanda yayikulu komanso yodalirika kapena zitakhala zazitali kwambiri.
- Mitundu yosalolera kutentha pang'ono iyenera kusungidwa m'nyumba zabwino.
Kusamalira anthuwa ndikosavuta. Chachikulu ndichakuti muganizire za mayendedwe awo osamalira ndi kuswana. Anthu amtundu uliwonse amagawidwa pawiri. Mabanja onse amafunika kusamukira kumahema ena, komwe akazi 4-5 amatha kugwera pamphongo wamodzi (ngati ali ndi mitala).
M'chilimwe, mbalamezi zimayenera kusungidwa pang'ono.
- Miyeso yocheperako ya kakhoma iyenera kukhala 1.5x2 m.
- Zingwe ziyenera kukhala pamalo okwera mamita 2. Muyenera kuyika mitengo kuti mugone.
- Nyumbayo sikuyenera kukhala yonyowa. Khoma limalimbikitsidwa kuti lipangidwe ndi galvanization.
- Ndikofunika kupanga zinyalala kuchokera phulusa ndi mchenga. Iyenera kuyalidwa m'malo mwake ikadzidetsedwa. Ndikwabwino kuyika ukonde pansi.
- Ikani ma trara ang'onoang'ono kuti mupumule pheasants. Afunika kuthira mchenga ndi phulusa.
- Phatikiza zonse ndi zofalitsa kuti mbalame zisazitembenukire ndikuzipatula.
- Ikani zimbudzi m'malo otetezedwa kwa nthawi yayitali ya kuswana. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku bango kapena bango. Akazi amazisowa.
- Lowetsani makhoma otchinga ndi polycarbonate, ngakhale nyengo yachilimwe.
Konzani malo okhala kuti nyengo yachisanu isanakwane.
Ikani zokutira zapansi ndi zida zapadera, ikani kutchinjiriza pamakoma. Samalani ndi kuyatsa kwabwino, apo ayi mbalamezo zimathamanga mopepuka kapena kumverera koyipa.
Kudyetsa
Poyamba, anapiye nthawi zambiri amadyetsedwa ndi mazira owiritsa. Kenako amathira pang'onopang'ono ufa ndi zitsamba. Mukamadyetsa usiku, kuyatsa m'nyumba kuyenera kuzimitsidwa kwa theka la ola. Popita nthawi, anapiyewo amaloledwa kupangira chakudya ana ang'ono. Ana a milungu iwiri atha kuperekedwa:
- mapira
- mapira
- chimanga
- dandelion wosenda bwino kapena clover,
- calcium zowonjezera mphamvu.
Zakudya za mbalame zomwe zafotokozedwazi ziyenera kukhala zoyenera komanso zosiyanasiyana.
Oimira achikulire akuyenera kusisitidwa ndi chakudya chopangira nkhuku. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuti muphatikize ndi mapuloteni a nyama - ma pheasants amadya chakudya choterocho bwino.
Aliyense wakupsa amadya nkhono, nsikidzi ndi tizilombo tina tosiyanasiyana. Ziweto zazikulu zimayenera kudya:
- mapira ndi chimanga
- mpendadzuwa,
- nyama yoboola
- tchizi cha koteji,
- nyama phala
- oats
- greenery,
- masamba ophika ndiiwisi.
Kuti mafinya akhale ndi chimbudzi chabwino, amafunika kupatsidwa chakudya cholimba, mwachitsanzo, mafuta amafuta. Pa nesting, pamafunika kuwonjezera magawo 85 magalamu.
Kutengera ndi nyengo, "zosunga" za mbalamezi zimakhala zosiyanasiyana.
Kuswana
Mitundu ina iliyonse ya ma pheasants imaswana bwino mu ukapolo. Koma kuti mupeze ana kuchokera kwa amuna okongola awa, muyenera kukhala ndi chofungatira chabwino mu zida zanu zankhondo. Kuti mkazi akhale pansi kuti aziyimilira yekha, akuyenera kupereka malo oyenera mowongolera, ofanana ndendende ndi zachilengedwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti gawo lamkango la mkango ligawidwe kokha kwa iye, ndipo padzakhala zitsamba zambiri, zogona ndi nyumba kumeneko. Ma pheasant ndi mbalame zoopsa komanso zobisika. Mosiyana ndi nkhuku zosavuta zapakhomo, sizokhutira ndi wamba komanso zotheka kupeza mabokosi akunja akunyumba.
Mazira osonkhanitsidwa ayenera kusamutsidwira ku chofungatira ndipo anapiye oswidwa chimodzimodzi ndi nkhuku wamba. Nthawi yodzikundikira m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kutenga masiku 24 mpaka 32.
Malangizo othandiza komanso miseru
Ngati mukukhalabe kunyumba, ndiye kuti muyenera kudziwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kafadala owononga mbatata za Colorado omwe amakhala m'minda ya mbatata kumathandiza kwambiri kukoma kwa nyama.
Pakusunga nyumba kunyumba, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi amitala komanso amtundu umodzi. Izi zikuyenera kukumbukiridwanso pamene mbalame zikugonekedwanso, chifukwa m'mlengalenga momwe munkakhala malo amodzi wamwamuna ndi akazi ena olimba mtima omwe salola ubale wamtala amatha. Iwo adzamenya nkhondo, ndipo munthu amene adzakhale wamphamvu adzapha amene adzafooka. Zotsatira zake, simulandira phindu lalikulu, koma mudzataya zinthu zambiri.
M'matumba otseguka momwe mumakhala malo osungira, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale malo abwino komanso odalirika kwa iwo.
Mbalame izi zimazifuna, chifukwa ndizanyazi kwambiri mwachilengedwe. Popanda pogona mnyumba, amakhala omasuka komanso odekha. Ngati simukusamalira tsatanetsatane wotere, pamapeto pake mumatha kukhala ndi shabby, mbalame zowopa, kumakumana ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu. Zachidziwikire, izi zidzakhudza magwiridwe awo.
Sikoyenera kuti azisunga nthabwala pafamu kuti apange nyama kapena mazira. Ngati mungafune, zitha kusungidwa ngati zokongoletsera zokongola. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali chisamaliro chabwino. Mbalame izi siziyenera kupatsidwa chakudya chambiri chambiri. Kupanda kutero, opuma amatha kukhala onenepa kwambiri, ngakhale kufa. Penyani zakudya zanu zokongola mosamala kwambiri.
Nyengo yachilimwe, ma pheasants ayenera kupatsidwa madzi ozizira (osazizira kwambiri).
Ngati kunja kukuzizira kunja kwazenera, mbalame zimafunika kuthira madzi ofunda, oyera kuti amwe. Ndikofunikira kuti munthu yemweyo adye ndikumwa mbalamezo. Ayenera kuyang'anira osokoneza. Kupanda kutero, adzakumana ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu, zomwe zimakhudza mkhalidwe wawo ndi mawonekedwe.
M'nyengo yozizira, ma pheasants amatha kusungidwa mu aviary, koma muyenera kusamalira zinyalala zabwino komanso cholembera chodalirika. Nyumbayo yokhala ndi anapiye ophulika imatha kumakhala anthu ambiri kotero kuti palibe anthu opitilira 30 peresenti imodzi.
Mutha kuphunzira zambiri za apabola powonera kanema pansipa.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera
Mtunduwu adafotokozedwa koyamba za sayansi ndi Linnaeus mu opus Systema naturae pansi pa dzina lake lasayansi. Mbalameyi idakambitsirana zambiri Linnaeus asadakhazikitse dzina lake. Ma pheasant wamba mu gawo lalikulu la zolemba za ornithology za nthawi imeneyo amatchedwa "pheasant." Ma Pheasants si mbalame zachilengedwe ku Central Europe. Anatengedwapo kale ku nthawi ya Ufumu wa Roma kuchokera ku Asiya, ngati masewera osaka zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo. Ngakhale masiku ano, ma pheasant ambiri amadzipukula mwangozi m'malo ena, kenako amasulidwa kuti asaka.
Kanema: Pheasant
Mitundu ina yamtchire idalipo kale pakati pa mbalame zokongoletsa, chifukwa, idagawidwa kale mu ukapolo, ngakhale sizinatchulidwe kuti zapakhomo. Komwe mbalame zimabadwira ndi Asia, Caucasus. Adalandira dzina lawo kuchokera kwa Agiriki akale, omwe adapeza mbalame pafupi ndi Mtsinje wa Fazis (dzinalo ndi Rioni), pafupi ndi Nyanja Yakuda ndi dera la Georgia la Poti. Common Pheasant - mbalame ya ku Georgia. Chakudya chamtundu wa Chakhokhbili chinapangidwa kuchokera ku filimu yake. Mbalame za ku Caucasia zamakonozi ndi zomwe zimapanga zambiri ku ziweto zomwe zinaitanitsidwa ku Europe.
Mbalameyi simapezeka ku Africa, kupatula madera akumphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean, munthawi ya Linnaeus, komwe ikanatha kuyambitsidwa mu nthawi ya ufumu wa Roma. Mbalame izi zinali zofanana kwambiri ndi anthu achi Transcaucasian kuposa ena. Dzinalo lasayansi mu Latin limatanthawuza "pheasant kuchokera ku Colchis," omwe ali kumadzulo kwa Georgia yamakono. Mawu achi Greek achire omwe amafananizidwa ndi "pheasant" wachingerezi ndi Phasianos ornis (Φασιανὸς ὂρνις), "mbalame ya mumtsinje wa Phasis." Linnaeus anaphatikizanso mitundu ina yambiri yamtundu wa Phasianius, mwachitsanzo, nkhuku zoweta ndi kholo lawo lakuthengo. Masiku ano, mtunduwu umangokhala ndi mitundu wamba yobiriwira komanso yobiriwira. Popeza izi sizikudziwika ndi a Linnaeus mu 1758.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: mbalame ya Pheasant
Ma pheasant wamba ndi mbalame zazing'onoting'ono zazitali zokhala ndi matupi akuya, owoneka ngati peyala, mitu yaying'ono ndi michira yayitali. Amuna ndi akazi adanenanso kuti amuna ndi akazi amakhala okongola kwambiri kuposa akazi. Amuna ali ndi maonekedwe owoneka bwino okhala ndi michira yayitali ndipo ali ndi mawanga ofiira amaso.
Mitu yawo imakhala yozungulira kuchokera ku zobiriwira zakuda bii mpaka utoto wofiirira. Mapulogalamu ambiri amakhala ndi kolala yoyera yolozeka m'khosi mwawo yomwe imawatcha dzina "khosi lozungulira". Akazi sakhala okongola kwambiri. Amakhala ndi bulauni wowoneka bwino, wowoneka ngati amuna, ali ndi michira yayitali, yopendekera, ngakhale yayifupi kuposa yaimuna.
Pali magulu awiri akuluakulu am'masamba:
- gulu la colchicus lomwe lili ndi mphete pakhosi, ndiwachikhalidwe ku Mainasia. Pali magulu makumi atatu ndi limodzi,
- gulu la multicolor, pheasant kopanda popanda mphete. Imakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira pakhosi, pachifuwa komanso pamimba pamimba. Gululi limachokera ku Japan ndipo limayimiridwa ku Hawaii. Ili ndi masamba atatu.
Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 70-90 masentimita kwa chachimuna (pafupifupi 45-60 masentimita ndi mchira wautali, woongoka) ndi 55-70 masentimita kwa chachikazi (kutalika kwa mchira ndi pafupifupi 20-16 cm). Kutalika kwa mapiko aimuna kumayambira pa 230 kufika pa 267 mm, chachikazi chimachokera 218 mpaka 237 mm. Ma subspecies ena ndi akulu. Kulemera kwake kwamphongo kumayambira ku 1.4 mpaka 1.5 makilogalamu, wamkazi - kuchokera ku 1.1 mpaka 1.4 kg.
Kodi pheasant amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Pheasant mwachilengedwe
Pheasant ndi mtundu wina wosasamukira ku Europe womwe umakhala. Dera logawika lachilengedwe limadutsa kum'mwera kwa Central ndi Eastern Palearctic, komanso madera akum'mawa. Madera amachokera ku Nyanja Yakuda pomanga lamba wambiri kumwera kwa nkhalango ndi malo opondera kum'mawa mpaka kumpoto kwa China Qinghai komanso kum'mwera kwa Gobi, kuphatikiza Korea, Japan ndi dziko lakale la Burma. Ikuyimiriridwa ku Europe, North America, New Zealand, Australia ndi Hawaii. Ku North America, anthu okhala m'mapiri amapezeka pakati pa malo olima kuchokera kumwera kwa Canada kupita ku Utah, California, komanso kumwera ku Virginia.
Chosangalatsa: Madera okhala malo ogawanikana magawika kwambiri, gawo lina la anthu ndi magawanidwe osiyana ndi ena. Kumbali inayi, kum'mawa chakumwera chakum'mawa kwa Siberia ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, malo otseguka amapitilira kumwera kudutsa ku China, komanso Korea ndi Taiwan kumpoto kwa Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, ndi Myanmar, komwe kusinthana pakati pa ma subspecies sikuwoneka pang'ono. .
Kuphatikiza apo, mtunduwu wapangidwa mwanjira zosiyanasiyana padziko lapansi ndi kupambana kosiyanasiyana. Masiku ano limakhala ku Europe. Mbalamezi ndizosowa ku Greece kokha, ku Alps aku Italy komanso m'malo ena akumwera kwa France. Pachilumba cha Iberian komanso kumpoto kwa Scandinavia, pafupifupi palibe. Pali malo ku Chile.
Ma Pheasants amakhala m'malo opezekapo minda ndi malo olimapo. Mbalamezi ndizopezeka paliponse ndipo zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malo okhala, kupatula malo okhala ndi nkhalango zowirira, nkhalango za mapiri kapena malo owuma kwambiri. Kusinthaku kumawathandiza kukhala ndi malo atsopano. Madzi otseguka sakukakamiza kwa pheasants, koma ambiri amapezeka komwe madzi amapezeka. M'malo ouma, mbalame zimatunga madzi mame, tizilombo komanso masamba obiriwira.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe mbalame ya banja la pheasant imakhala. Tiye tiwone zomwe adya.
Kodi pheasant amadya chiyani?
Ma pheasant ndi mbalame zabwino kwambiri, motero zimatha kudya zinthu zachilengedwe komanso nyama. Koma gawo lalikulu la chakudyacho ndi chakudya chokhacho, kupatula masabata anayi oyamba amoyo, pamene anapiye amadya tizilombo tambiri. Kenako gawo la chakudya chanyama limatsika kwambiri. Chakudya chodzala chimakhala ndi njere, komanso magawo a mobisika a mbewu. Wowoneka bwino amayambira nthangala zazing'onoting'ono zazomera za clove kupita ku mtedza kapena ma acorn.
Mbalame zimatha kudya zipatso zokutidwa ndi zipatso zomwe zimakhala ndi poizoni kwa anthu. Pamapeto pa dzinja ndi masika, mphukira ndi masamba atsopano zimakhala patsogolo pakudya. sonkhanitsani zochulukira. Mitundu yazodyetsa imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi mphutsi zake timakumana nthawi zambiri modabwitsa. Pofuna kugaya, timiyala ta 1-5 mm kapena, ngati izi zalephera, mbali za cochlea kapena mafupa ang'onoang'ono amatengedwa. Pakuswana, akazi nthawi zambiri amameza miyala ya miyala ya miyala ya miyala.
Kusaka zakudya kumachitika makamaka padziko lapansi. Mbalame nthawi zina zimadutsa chisanu chatsopano mpaka 30-30 cm. Nthawi zambiri chakudya chimasonkhanitsidwa m'njira zing'onozing'ono, zidutswa zazinthu zazikulu.
Zakudya zazikulu za pheasants zimakhala:
Pheasant amadya m'mawa ndi madzulo. Zomera zofunika zomwe mbalame zimadya ndi chimanga, tirigu, barele ndi fulakesi.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: mbalame ya Pheasant
Ma pheasant ndi mbalame zamtendere.Mukugwa, amasambira limodzi, nthawi zambiri m'magulu akulu mpaka malo ogona ndi chakudya. Nthawi zambiri malo okhala nyengo yachisanu amakhala ocheperako poyerekeza ndi nthawi yakudontha. Ziweto zopangidwa nthawi yozizira zimatha kusakanikirana kapena kusakhazikika ndipo zimakhala ndi anthu 50.
Mbalamezi zimayenda pang'ono, koma zimatha kuwonetsa kusunthika kwina kutengera kupezeka kwa chakudya ndi chivundikiro. Kusunthira kwakanthawi kochepa kumawonedwa kumadera akumwera, komwe nyengo yozizira imapangitsa mbalame kupeza malo ofunda. Kubalalika kwa gululo kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kumachitika pang'onopang'ono kuposa lakuthwa, amuna amayamba kaye.
Chosangalatsa: Mbalameyi imagwiritsa ntchito fumbi posambira, kuphatikiza tinthu ta mchenga ndi dothi lambiri ponyamula mulomo, kukanda matako ake pansi kapena kugwedeza mapiko ake. Izi zimathandizira kuchotsa maselo am'mimba opera, mafuta owonjezera, nthenga zakale ndi zipolopolo za nthenga zatsopano.
Okhazikika wamba amakhala nthawi yambiri pansi ndikupuma pansi komanso pamitengo. Ndi othamanga othamanga ndipo ali ndi "pompous gait." Pomwe akudyetsa, amagwira mchira wawo moyang'ana, ndipo akathamanga, amagwira pakadutsa 45 madigiri. Ma Pheasant ndi oyendetsa bwino kwambiri. Mukamachoka, amatha kusuntha. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala akulira. Amathamanga akamaopsezedwa.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mbalame yokongola ya pheasant
Amuna ambiri amisala, amuna ambiri amakhala ndi akazi angapo. Amasamba nthawi ndi nthawi. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe (kuyambira pakati pa Marichi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June), amuna amapanga malo oswana kapena masango. Maderawa ndi oyenera malinga ndi madera a amuna ena ndipo alibe malire. Komabe, akazi sakhala malo amtunduwu. M'magulu awo am'mafuko, amatha kuwonetsa utsogoleri wolamulira. Wamkazi uyu amatha kuwerengeka kuyambira 2 mpaka 18 akazi. Mkazi aliyense amakhala ndi nthawi yocheza ndi wamwamuna m'modzi.
Chosangalatsa: Akazi amasankha amuna otchuka omwe angateteze. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti zazimayi zimakonda michira yayitali yamphongo komanso kutalika kwa mitolo ya khutu komanso kupezeka kwa madontho akuda pa weave zimakhudzanso chisankho.
Kukongoletsa kumayamba pomwe azimayiwo asanayambe kuyikira mazira. Yaikazi imakumba dothi losaya pansi pamalo abudula bwino, ili chikhalire. Amakonda dzira limodzi tsiku mpaka mazira 7 mpaka 15 atayikidwa. Mizere yayikulu yamazira imachitika pamene zazikazi ziwiri kapena zingapo zimayika mazira awo pachisa chimodzi. Yaikazi imakhala pafupi ndi chisa, ikulimbitsa mazira nthawi yambiri masana, ikusiya kumangodzidyetsa m'mawa ndi madzulo.
Katundu wamkulu wa nestling ndi wamkazi. Atatha kupanga chisa ndi kuyikira mazira, mkaziyo ndi amene amayambitsa makulidwe awo. Makulitsidwe amatenga pafupifupi masiku 23 dzira lomaliza litaikidwa. Anapiyewo akamaswa, wamkazi yekha ndi amene amawasamalira. Ming'oma pakukola imakutidwa ndi fluff komanso ndi maso. Amatha kuyamba kuyenda ndikutsatira chachikazi kupita kumalo opeza chakudya. Pafupifupi masiku 12, anapiye ang'ono amatha kuuluka ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mkazi kwa masiku 70 mpaka 80 asanafike paokha.
Adani achilengedwe a pheasants
Akuluakulu obwebweta amatha kusakidwa pansi kapena pothawa. Ena mwa machitidwe awo pangozi ndi monga kubwereranso kuphimba kapena kuwuluka, amathanso kuuluka, kubisala kapena kuthawa kutengera mikhalidwe. Zachikazi zimatha kuwonetsa phiko losweka poyesa kusokoneza nyama zomwe zimayamwa kuti zisakhale pachisa, kapena zizikhala mwakachetechete osasuntha. Ana akapanda kusaka anapiye, nthawi zambiri zochulukirapo zimatengedwa nthawi imodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, kudziwonetsa nyengo yayikulu kumayambitsa kuphedwa kwa anapiye.
Kusaka nyama ndi anthu ndivuto lalikulu kwa opanga. Amakhala osatetezeka makamaka pakubala. Kuchuluka kwa ziwonetsero zakutsogolo pa pheasant kumayenderana kwambiri ndikuwonongeka kwa malo okhala. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala kumapangitsa kuti zisamagwidwe mosavuta ndi adani. Zinali kuti ma coyotes ndi omwe amadyera kwambiri ma pheasants, koma ataona zomwe amachita kwa zaka zambiri, zidapezeka kuti coyotes amayang'ana kwambiri kusaka kwawo pa makoswe ndi akalulu.
Zovuta kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi achikulire kapena zisa zawo ndi nyama monga nkhandwe wamba, yolumikizidwa ndi skunk ndi raccoon. Kuphatikiza apo, malo okhala ndi nyama zam'nyanja zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe zimayamwayi, zomwe zimawononga kwambiri.
Ziwonetsero zotchuka kwambiri za pheasants ndi:
- nkhandwe (Vulpes vulpes),
- agalu am'nyumba (Canis lupusiliaris),
- coyotes (Canis Latrans),
- badger (taxidea taxus),
- mink (Neovison Vison),
- Weasel (Mustela),
- milozo yazingwe (M. mephitis),
- chamba (Procyon),
- Kadzidzi owonjezera (B. virginianus),
- Buzzard-yofiira (B. jamaicensis),
- buzzard wamaso ofiira (B. lineatus),
- buzzard (B. lagopus),
- Maofesi a Cooper (A. cooperii),
- goshawk (A. gentilis),
- peregrine falcons (F. peregrinus),
- chotchinga m'munda (C. cyaneus),
- Cayman Turtle (C. birdina).
Makota atatu a zisa zimavutika ndi zilombo zolusa, ndi mbalame zazikulu, kupatula kusaka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Pheasant ku Russia
Zinthu zodziwika bwino zomwe zili ponseponse zili ponseponse, ndipo malo omwe amasungirako ndi omwe samakhala ndi vuto kwenikweni. Chiwerengero cha anthu ku Europe chikuyerekezedwa ndi 4,140,000 - 5,370,000, omwe amafanana ndi 8,290,000 - 10,700,000 okhwima. Europe ndi chochititsa chidwi chabe: Ku Azerbaijan, ma subsisies a talischensis ali pafupi kutha chifukwa cha kutaya malo okhala ndi kusaka kosalamulirika, ndipo palibe chidziwitso chodalirika chokhudza dziko lomwe lilipo. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera koyambirira, chiwerengerocho ndi anthu 200-300 okha.
Fizanti Ili ndi mtundu waukulu kwambiri, motero, siyandikira njira zamitundumitundu ya mitundu yosatetezeka malinga ndi mtundu wa kukula kwake. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa anthu kukuwoneka kuti kukucheperachepera, akukhulupirira kuti kusunthika sikumathamanga kwenikweni kufikira njira zolowerera zaumoyo. Chiwerengerochi ndichachikulu kwambiri motero sichiyandikira njira zodzitchinjiriza ndi anthu wamba. Kutengera kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa izi, mitundu imawerengedwa kuti ndiyowopsa.
Kutanthauzira kwa mbalame yakumwa
Thupi la pheasant limakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 80-85. Ili ndi mchira wautali wopendekera wokhala ndi malekezero. Mapiko a mbalame ndi afupi, ngati mawonekedwe. Mapapu amakhala ndi ma spurs ang'onoang'ono. Mutu wa pheasant wamba umakhala wakuda ndi utoto wobiriwira. Ali ndi ma buluu akuda am'maso mwake, masaya ofiira owala, malo ofiira osasinthika ndi maso ake. Maso okhala ndi iris yagolide, mlomo wokoma, miyendo yowala.
Zambiri mwa pheasant ndi zofiirira zagolide ndi mafunde amdima ndi oyera. Pansi pa mchira wake ndi ofiira, nthenga za mchira wake ndi zofiirira zofiirira. Chikazi chimadziwika ndi chovala choletsa - mawonekedwe amtambo wamtambo wamtambo wakuda wokhala ndi kusintha kwakuda. Ma pheasants achichepere ndi ofanana ndi akazi, koma zovala zawo zimakhala ndi mthunzi womasuka ndipo ma motu sakhala omveka bwino, ali ndi mchira waifupi. Kulemera kwa pheasant ndi pafupifupi 2 kg, zazikazi zimakhala ndi kulemera pang'ono komanso kutalika kwa thupi. Pheasants amakhala zaka 13-16.
Mitundu ya Pheasant
Pali mitundu 35 ya pheasant. Zotchuka kwambiri za izo ndizodziwika ndi okonda mbalame yodabwitsayi, amazidulira mofunitsitsa pamafamu, m'malo osungirako ana ndikuwonetsedwa malo osungira nyama. Mitundu ina mwa mitunduyi imakhala kuthengo.
Golden Pheasant bambo wachilendo komanso wowoneka bwino wochokera ku China. Mitunduyi idagawidwa m'maiko aku Europe. Zowonjezera za pachifuwa chake komanso mbali zake ndi utoto wakuda. Mutu umakongoletsedwa ndi chisoti chagolide. Kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumbuyo, nthenga zimakhala zalalanje zokhala ndi malire. Kupitilira kumbuyo, mtundu wamtambo umasinthidwa ndi tint yofiirira, ndipo mchira pawokha malo owoneka golide. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi mchira wautali wamtambo wakuda, miyendo ya beige komanso mulomo. Maso akuwala ndi wophunzira wamkulu. Wamkazi wa golide wakupuka ali ndi zowuluka zambiri - zofiirira zokhala ndi imvi.
Siliva Pheasant wokhala m'minda ya bamboo ndi nkhalango zam'mapiri kumwera kwa China. Chifuwa chake ndi thupi lakachepera lakuda, ndi tint wabuluu. Mutu umakongoletsedwa ndi maula ofiira komanso kaso lakuda bii. Msana, khosi ndi mchira ndizoyera zasiliva; mbali yakumwamba yamapiko, pomwe pali mikwingwirima yaying'ono yakuda, ndi ya mtundu womwewo. Mbalameyi ili ndi mlomo wowala, maso akuda ndi mawotchi oterera okhala ndi ma spurs. Phulusa la siliva limakhala lalitali masentimita 120. Akazi ake amakhala ansalu ndi mawanga ofiira akuda, ali ndi masaya ofiira. Kutalika kwa mkazi ndi 70 cm.
Kusaka pheasant Yoleledwa ndi kubereketsa, ndimtundu wamtundu wa China ndi Transcaucasian. Ndizachilendo ku Europe ndi ku America. Amadzigulitsa mnyumba zaubwino ndi malo osaka nyama mosaka. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi maula owoneka bwino - mapira okhala ndi njerwa zofiirira, mapiko ooneka ngati ocheno okhala ndi kupindika kwakuda, miyendo yoyera ndi mchira wautali. Mutu wa nkhokwe yosaka umawoneka bwino kwambiri, umakhala wakuda ndi masaya ofiira, mulomo woyera ndi khosi lamtambo wokhala ndi kolala yoyera.
King pheasant woimira wamkulu wa banja ili. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kufika 2 m, ali ndi mchira wa mita imodzi ndi theka. Munthu wokongola uyu amapezeka kumapiri a kumpoto kwa China. Imadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yosaka ku maiko aku Europe. Ali ndi nthenga zofiirira zokhala ndi chingwe chofiirira, zopindika komanso mulomo, wamdima. Mutu umakhala wakuda ndi mtundu woyera wa korona ndi khosi, pomwe palinso kolala yakuda. Mkazi wamtunduwu wokhala ndi maonekedwe ofiira okhala ndi mawanga amdima.
Daimondi pheasant mbadwa yaku India, amadziwika ndi chovala chowoneka bwino. Ali ndi mawonekedwe ofiira owoneka bwino, milomo yoyera ndikuzungulira m'maso. Ziwonetsero zazikulu za goiter, pakhosi ndi kumbuyo ndikumaso kwa emarodi. Chifuwa ndi m'mimba mwayera, mchira wautali ndi wopepuka ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, mulomo wopepuka, miyendo ndi iris. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi maonekedwe oyera oyera oyera okhala ndi masamba akuda, ochokera kumutu kuchokera mmbali monga mawonekedwe a cape. Kutalika kwa diamondi pheasant ndi 1.5 m. Mkazi wake ndi wowala pang'ono, wokhala ndi nthenga zofiirira komanso zingwe zakudzu kuzungulira maso.
Adalowa Pheasant okhala kumapiri a mayiko a East Asia. Ali ndi thupi lalikulupo - mpaka 1 mita, ndi mchira wamfupi. Pali mitundu yambiri yabuluu, ya bulauni komanso yoyera ya pheasants. Mbalameyi yokhala ndi ma thunzi akuluakulu, okhala ndi ma spurs, ndi ofiira. Mlomo wamphamvu wa eyred pheasant ndi wachikasu ndi nsonga yofiyira. Mutu umakhala ndi utoto wokongola - nthenga zoyera za auricle, maula akuda kwambiri kuyambira mkamwa mpaka korona, masaya ofiira ndi mkombero kuzungulira maso. Mbalame zimasungidwa pagulu.
Habitat, malo okhala mbalame za pheasant
Pali malo ena opezeka kudera lalikulu la Eurasia, ku Russia amapezeka pagombe la Black Sea, ku North Caucasus, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Caspian, kumapeto kwa Volga ndi Primorsky Territory. Ndizachilengedwe kuti amakhala kumayiko aku Asia, ku nkhalango zobiriwira za ku Europe, ku Transcaucasia, komanso ku Korea, China, kuzilumba za Japan kapena m'nkhalango za North America.
Malo okondedwa a Pheasant pa moyo wawo ndi zisa m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, mabango okhala ndi nyanja, matchera m'nkhalango okhala ndi zotchinga, zitsamba m'mbali mwa minda, malo opyapyala, mitengo yokhala ndi udzu wamtali. Mbalameyi imakonda masamba ochulukirapo omwe amakhala ndi mitengo yambiri yokwera komanso yolimba, udzu wamtali komanso zitsamba, komwe ndizosavuta kuthawira kukachitika ngozi. Inde, maulendo pafupipafupi opita kunthambi za mitengo mwachidziwikire sakhala okonza.
Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimapezeka pafupi ndi minda, minda yamphesa, ndi minda yamasamba yomwe amadyera. Ma pheasant makamaka amakhala pansi, amasinthika bwino kuti azithamanga, amatambasulira khosi lake kwambiri, ndipo mchira wake umakwera nthawi yomweyo. Amachita manyazi kwambiri, koma pokhapokha pamavuto amatha kuwuluka mlengalenga.
Zakudya za Pheasant
Chakudya cha pheasant chimakhala ndi chakudya chomera komanso nyama. Chakudya wamba cha mbalameyi:
- mbewu za udzu
- njere
- mphukira zamera
- zipatso
- zipatso zazing'ono
- tizilombo
- Nkhono
- nyongolotsi
- abuluzi ang'ono
- osoweka.
Akuluakulu amakonda kudya zipatso kuchokera ku zitsamba, makamaka nyanja yamadzi. The pheasant amakopeka ndi zipatso pamitengo yotsika, chifukwa chake mbalame imatha kuwuluka. Ma Pheasants amawononga tizirombo ta mbewu, amatha kupulumutsa minda ya mbatata kuulidwe wa kafadala wa mbatata wa Colorado. Ma pheasants akamawasunga m'nyumba za nkhuku kapena m'nyumba zosungidwa, amadyetsedwa ndi masamba, nthawi zambiri kaloti, maungu, mbatata, kabichi, letesi wobiriwira, komanso zipatso ndi zosakaniza za tirigu. Makonda pazakudya za tirigu amapatsidwa tirigu, mpendadzuwa, barele ndi chimanga. Chakudya cha nkhuku chimaphatikizira nsomba ndi choko zina.
Adani achilengedwe a pheasant
Adani owopsa kwambiri a pheasants ndi adani osiyanasiyana. Ambiri mwa mbalamezi amafa chifukwa chosaka nkhandwe, ankhandwe, ndi agalu amtchire. Mbalame zokhala ndi zimbalangondo zimathandizanso kuti nyama ziziwala. Awa ndi mbawala, chiwombankhanga, kadzidzi. Nthawi zambiri amawononga zisa za pheasant, kuukira anapiye ndikuwononga kuyikira mazira. Chifukwa cha nyama yokoma, ma pheasant ndi chinthu chosakira anthu. Amapita kwa pheasant ndi agalu omwe amachititsa kuti mbalamezi ziziwuluka mlengalenga, ndipo naziwombera.
Kukoma kwa pheasant ndi mbale
Nyama ya Pheasant ndi mafuta ochepa komanso mafuta ochulukirapo omwe amakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri. Imasunga bwino mapuloteni ndi mafuta, pafupifupi cholesterol. Koma imakhala yodzaza ndi zinthu zofunika mthupi la munthu - cobalt, chitsulo, fluorine, potaziyamu, phosphorous, mkuwa ndi zina. Nyama ya Pheasant ili ndi mavitamini ambiri a gulu B. Izi ndizothandiza pamimba ndikuwona, zimakhutiritsa magazi ndi mpweya. Ndizoyenera azimayi oyembekezera, ana ndi okalamba. Nyamayi ndi yowutsa mudyo kwambiri kuti musanaphike, sibwino kuiwotcha ndi mafuta anyama kapena mar marine, monga zimachitikira pokonzekera masewera ena.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake pheasant amakonzekera zikondwerero zambiri zopezeka mdziko lapansi - zonse ku Europe ndi Asia. Ophika ku Middle East amagwiritsa ntchito nyama ya pheasant kuphika pilaf. Pali zakudya zambiri zosangalatsa kuchokera ku nyama ya pheasant. Mitembo ya Pheasant pachikhalidwe chake imaphikidwa pa malovu, filimu ya mbalameyi mumadzi ake imapangidwira mu uvuni, nyama yowotchera bwino imapezeka munyama, ndipo mabere achi pheasant amathiridwa.
Stuffed pheasant amakhala ndi chikondi chapadera pakati pa gourmet. Kudzaza kwake ndi kosiyana: amadyera ndi mazira, bowa ndi anyezi, masamba, ma chestnuts. Kuchokera pachifuwa ndi m'miyendo ya pheasant, konzani msuzi ndikuwugwiritsa ntchito ndi omele, mwachangu mapiko a masewera. Chidwi chachikulu ndi phokoso la miyendo ndi nyama yamapiko apamwamba. Magawo a nyama amawonjezeredwa pamasaladi osiyanasiyana.
Nyama ya Pheasant ilibe zotsutsana, pokhapokha ngati anthu azichita nawo tsankho.