Nyanja ya Barents ndi nyanja ya Arctic Ocean, ikutsuka m'mphepete mwa Russia ndi Norway. Dera lake ndi pafupifupi 1,500 mamilimita. km, ndipo kuya kwake ndi mamilimita 600. Nyanja ndiyofunikira kwambiri zachuma - madoko a Murmansk ndi Varde apezeka pano, komanso malo akulu asodzi ndi malo osungirako madzi a hydrocarbon.
Nkhani zazikulu zachilengedwe
Mavuto a Nyanja ya Barents amakhudzana ndi kuchotsedwa kwachilengedwe - nsomba ndi mafuta. Nthawi yomweyo, njira zamakono za usodzi zimasokoneza malo am'madzi, ndipo maupangiri akuchulukira munyanja. Chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa kwakukulu kwa mchere, madzi amadetsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndi zinyalala za mafakitale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azifa pamadzi.
Msodzi wowonjezera wa nsomba
Panyanja, nkhanu, nsomba zamkati, pollock ndi anthu ena okhala m'madzi, kuphatikizanso anamgumi, zimakumbidwa. Kusodza kwakukuru kumayambitsa kutsika kwa maunyanja ndi mapepala am'madzi, nsomba, nsomba zam'madzi, komanso malingaliro osambira akupitilira kukula. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi Order of the Federal Fisheries Agency kuyambira pa Disembala 5, 2019 No. 655 "Pakuperekedwa kwa zinthu zonse zofunikira zam'madzi ku North Fisheries Basin ...", chifukwa 2020 Russia idalandira kachulukidwe ka matani 315 834 matani a 95 589 a haddock, 9 4245 matani a halibut, matani 5,012 a nkhonya za Kamchatka ndi matani 11,855 a bass zam'madzi, zomwe zimaposa kuchuluka kwa 2019. Komabe, munthu ayenera kupereka msonkho - chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa capelin komanso mkhalidwe wovulaza wa anthu ake, kuwedza nsomba kwa nsomba ndizoletsedwa.
Payokha, titha kuthana ndi vuto la kupha anthu, komwe kumakhudzanso ndi kupha nsomba kwambiri komanso kugwira mitundu yofunikira komanso nkhanu. Ozunzidwa ndi andewu ndi amphaka, nsomba zam'madzi, nsapato, halibut.
Kugwidwa sikumayang'aniridwa komanso mosalekeza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuthetsedwe kwazinthu zofunikira. Chingwe chamafuta chimavutika, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zasokonekera.
Kuipitsa nyanja
Lhelufu yaku Russia ya Nyanja ya Barents ndi yomwe imasanthula kwambiri ma hydrocarbons. Mafuta oyamba a Arctic Prirazlomnoye anapangidwa mu 2013. Ngati malamulo opangira aphwanyidwa, mafuta omwe amagwera pamadzi oundana kapena pagombe amatha kukhalapo kwa zaka zambiri. Kutentha kocheperako kumasokoneza mayendedwe achilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse, chifukwa chake ntchito yamaanja ikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ngakhale kutulutsa kocheperako kumakhala ndi vuto pa nyanja yamchere, kusokoneza kulumikizana kwa madzi am'nyanja ndi mlengalenga, kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa madzi ndikuipitsa kuchuluka kwa mbalame za m'madzi zam'madzi.
Ogwira ntchito zachilengedwe akumenyera nkhondo vutoli. Ndikosavuta kuchotsa mafuta omwe atayika mu Arctic, ndipo ma hydrocarbons amawola pang'onopang'ono. Mafuta amatha kulowa mu ayezi ndikukhalamo. Kupanga lokha ndizovuta ndipo nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kutulutsa kwa ma hydrocarbon m'minda, ndikupanga kuthamanga kwamafuta mumtsinje.
Kubwezeretsa Zinyalala Zam'madzi
Ma bizinesi ndi malo okhala omwe ali m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Barents amataya zinyalala zawo zonyansa m'madzi ake oyera. Kola Bay imakhudzidwa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pamabizinesi, zombo zosiyanasiyana zimatulutsanso madzi akumwa. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuipitsa chilengedwe ndi mabizinesi a Murmansk "Murmanskvodokanal", "Murmansk Sea Port" ndi "Murmansk Commerce Sea Port", komanso zofunikira zamadzi ku Polyarny ndi Severomorsk.
Mabizinesi amigodi komanso zitsulo ku Russia ndi ku Norway amathandizanso pakuipitsa. Mafakitale amdera la Pechenga amatulutsa zinyalala zamadzimadzi kulowa mumtsinje wa Pechenga ndi Patsoyoki, zomwe zimanyamula zodetsa m'nyanja. Ogwira migodi aku Norway akutaya zinyalala m'mbali mwa nyanja, kuchokera pomwe zinthu zowonongeka zimalowa m'madzi am'nyanja ndi pansi.
Vuto la kuba
Vuto lalikulu zachilengedwe m'derali ndi zachiwawa. Popeza mabasiketi am'madzi ndi hering'i, ma haddock ndi catfish, cod, flounder, halibut amapezeka pano, usodzi wokhazikika komanso wosalamulirika umachitika. Asodzi amapha anthu ambiri, kuletsa zachilengedwe kubwezeretsa zinthu. Pakugwira mtundu wina wa zinyama, gawo lonse la chakudya, kufikira owononga, lingakhudzidwe. Pofuna kuthana ndi ozizira, mayiko omwe magawo awo amasambitsidwa ndi Nyanja ya Barents amalamula malamulo kulanga tizirombo. Akatswiri azachilengedwe akukhulupirira kuti pamafunika zinthu zowopsa komanso zankhanza kwambiri.
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Vuto lopanga mafuta
Nyanja ya Barents ili ndi malo ambiri osungira mafuta ndi gasi wachilengedwe. Kutulutsa kwawo kumachitika ndi kuyesetsa kwakukulu, koma sikuti kumachita bwino nthawi zonse. Imatha kukhala kutaya kochepa konse, ndipo mafuta amathira m'malo ambiri amadzi. Ngakhale zida zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zodula sizitsimikizira njira yotetezera mafuta.
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Pamenepa, pali mabungwe osiyanasiyana azachilengedwe omwe mamembala awo akumenya nkhondo yolimbana ndi kuthira kwa mafuta. Pakachitika vutoli, madontho a mafuta amayenera kuchotsedwa mwachangu kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.
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Vuto la kuipitsidwa kwa mafuta mu Nyanja ya Barents ndiovuta chifukwa zimavuta kuchotsa mafuta m'dera la Arctic. Kutentha kochepa, mankhwalawa amayamba kuwonda pang'onopang'ono. Ngakhale kuyeretsa kwakanthawi kake, mafuta amalowa mu ayezi, kotero ndizosatheka kuithetsa, muyenera kuyembekezera kuti glacer iyi isungunuke.
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Nyanja ya Barents ndi chilengedwe chapadera, dziko lapadera lomwe liyenera kusungidwa ndikutetezedwa kuzowopsa ndi kusokonezedwa ndi anthu. Poyerekeza ndi kuipitsidwa kwa nyanja zina, yavutikanso pang'ono. Komabe, kuwonongeka komwe kwachitika kale ku chikhalidwe cha malo amadzi kuyenera kuthetsedweratu.
Mavuto azachilengedwe a Nyanja ya Barents
- kukula kwa mawonekedwe achinsinsi kumakulitsa font kukula
- Sindikizani
- Imelo makalata
Nyengo ya Nyanja ya Barents imadziwika kuti ndi yopatsa mphamvu. Zimasinthira gawo lalikulu, chifukwa cha zinthu zotsimikizika zotsatirazi: kudalira kutalikirana, chikhalidwe cham'mlengalenga, kuzungulira kwa gawo lamadzi, malo apamwamba am'nyanja, kutalikirana kuchokera ku kontinenti, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a thermophysical.
Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali kwa kutentha kwapakati pa mwezi nyengo yachisanu kuyambira Disembala mpaka March kumawonekeranso ngati nyengo yam'madzi yozizira. Ndi Nyanja ya Barents komanso. Mapangidwe otentha oterewa ndi amodzi mu nyengo ya kutentha, pamene kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa mwezi m'modzi mwezi wachisanu kumayang'aniridwa ndi wachibale ndi oyandikana nawo. Popita nthawi, kubwerezabwereza kwa kutentha kwa nuclei m'mwezi wopatsidwa sikumangokhala, koma kusintha.
Osangodziwa zachilengedwe amangoti Nyanja ya Barents ndi apadera. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamadzi oyera kwambiri akutsuka ku Europe. Momwe zingatheke, zachilengedwe zake zinakana kuvutitsidwa kwa anthu ndi ntchito zake, kuletsa mavuto azachilengedwe kutukuka, zikuwoneka kuti ndizo zomwe zinali kukakamiza anthu kuti awononge zachilengedwe mochulukirapo ndipo zikuwononga zoyipa.
Limodzi mwamavuto am'nyanja ya Barents ndikuchenjera. Inde, asodzi pakali pano siofanana ndi kale, ndipo njira zawo ndizovulaza pazachilengedwe. Malinga ndi malo owonekera, ndi oyipa, owononga komanso opanda umunthu. Amawononga masheya am'madzi, osalola kuti ayambenso. Izi nthawi zina zimawononga gawo lonse la chakudya. Russia ndi Norway akutenga malamulo amitundu yonse kuti akonzenso vutoli, zikuwoneka ngati akupeza zotsatira zabwino, koma vuto lina limasinthidwa ndi linanso, lalikulu kwambiri.
Zidadziwikanso kuti chilengedwe chimakopa anthu ndi chuma chake ndipo sichichita kawirikawiri popanda chilengedwe. Nyanja ya Barents idadzaza ndi mafuta komanso mafuta ambiri. Kuchotsa ndi "kunyamula" golide wakuda kuchokera pansi pa nyanja sikuchitika popanda zotsatira. Mafuta ndiye vuto lalikulu kwachilengedwe mu Nyanja ya Barents. Akatswiri azachilengedwe akuyendera zilumba ndi zisumbu pafupi ndi momwe "golide wakuda" amapangidwa kapena kukonzedwa.
Ogwira ntchito ku Norway Wildlife Fund amakonzekera odzipereka kuti athane ndi kuthira kwamafuta, komwe mosakayikira kumayendera ntchito yonse. Madimba amafuta amawoneka oyipa. Anayi amafunika ola limodzi kapena awiri kuti athetse gawo lalikulu lalikulu.
Kuyambira mu 1987, zopitilira 500,000 ndi hafu zawonongeka m'madzi aku Norway, pomwe nthawi zopitilira matani miliyoni ndi theka za zinthu zachilengedwe izi adaponyedwa mnyanja. Kutulutsa kwambiri kumachotsedwa popanda kuvulaza chilengedwe, koma ku Arctic, chiwopsezo chikuchulukirachulukira. Pazizira, mafuta amawola pang'onopang'ono. Bacteria ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timachichotsa pamoto wotentha kwenikweni sizithandiza pano.
Kuyeretsa pamakina kumathandiza nthawi zonse, koma chifukwa cha ayezi, kulowa dera lodetsa nkovuta. Nthawi zina mafuta amakhazikika mumadzi oundana kapena amayenda pansi pake. Zikatero, sizingatheke kufikira madzi oundana atasungunuka. Miyezi ingadutse, chifukwa nyanja yozungulira Svalbard, pafupifupi nthawi yonse yozizira ili pansi pa ayezi. Gawo lakummwera kwa Nyanja ya Barents sikhala opanda ayezi chaka chonse, ndipo kumpoto, mphepo yozizira, nyengo yozizira komanso nthawi yayitali imapangitsa ntchito yodzipereka kukhala yovuta.
Vutoli ndilakuti ngati mafuta afika kumtunda, amasonkhana pansi pa mwala uliwonse. Ngati kuipitsa kwakukulu kumachitika, ndiye kuti anthu mazana adzagwira ntchito kwa zaka makumi awiri kapena makumi atatu kuti athetse, pokhapokha ngati zingatheke konse.
Nyanja ya Barents ndi amodzi mwa malo otsiriza padziko lapansi omwe ali ndi malo opanda chilengedwe. Bungwe la International Fund for the Protection of Natural, likuwopa kuti kuchotsera ndi kutumiza pazinthu zamafuta ndi mpweya kumupweteketsa. Nyama zikwizikwi zimatha kukhudzidwa pakagwa tsoka lachilengedwe, maderanso amadzakhala nthawi yayitali. Nyanja ya Barents ndi dera lokongola. Ili ndi imodzi mwazinthu zachilengedwe zodabwitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba imakhala kuno, mitundu yayikulu ya mbalame, zoweta zam'madzi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Tisalole kuti mafuta awonongeke onse.
Mwa zovuta zonse zachilengedwe zomwe zatchulidwa kale, kutulutsa mafuta kumawerengedwa kuti ndi koopsa kwambiri ku Nyanja ya Barents. Ngozi zimachitika pama tankers ndi mapaipi amafuta panthawi yopanga ndi mayendedwe. Ngati malowa ndi ofunika kwambiri mwachuma, palibe chifukwa choti tidzaiwala zachilengedwe m'derali.