Agalu achikulire omwe amakhala ngati makola amakula mpaka masentimita 30- 38 ndi kulemera kwa 1-1.5 makilogalamu (nthawi zina pang'ono), ndipo amuna nthawi zonse amakhala akulu komanso olemera kuposa akazi. Nyamayo, yofananira, ndikufanana ndi nyansi pamakina amtundu wakuda ndi maubweya (wofanana ndi utoto wa malowo) Mtundu: kumbuyo kumakhala kodetsa chikasu kapena kutuwa kwamaso ndi mthunzi wopepuka wamimba. Ubweya womwe uli pamutu wozungulira umakhala wakuda pang'ono kuposa momwe thupi lonse limakhalira, ndipo madontho oyera amawonekera pakapukutira, makamaka owala bwino pamalo a chibwano ndi mphuno.
Makoswewo ali ndi mano akuluakulu a cheza komanso chaching'ono chopyapyala: ngati kuli kotheka, chakudya chimayikidwa m'matumba aang'ono. Makutu a agalu otetemera ndi osakanikirana bwino kotero kuti amakhala osasiyanika ndi ubweya. Maso ndi okulirapo, amdima ndipo ali otakata, omwe amalola kuwonekera kwathunthu kwa malo ozungulira. Miyendo imatha ndi zala za cobby zokhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali, zakuthwa komanso zolimba. Pa mikono yakutsogolo, chala chachitatu chimatambalala. Pamiyendo pamapazi, ubweya umakula. Mchira wake umakhala wabwino kwambiri, koma osati wautali (pafupifupi 4 - 11 cm), wofanana ndi utoto wathupi lonse.
Gulu la anthu
Magulu awiriwa okhala ndi mitu iyi amakhala mitu masauzande angapo okhala ndi anthu ochulukirapo atatu pa hekitala iliyonse, ndipo opitilira asanu ndi atatu. Gululi lagawidwa m'magulu am'banja, omwe amaphatikiza amuna, kuyambira akazi atatu mpaka asanu ndi ana awo (kuyambira 6 mpaka 30). M'banja, mumakhala mtendere ndi mgwirizano - pamisonkhano nyama zimagwirana, ndipo zikapezeka, nthawi zambiri zimatengedwa kuti zimatsukira ubweya.
Ndizosangalatsa! Banja lililonse limalemekeza kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zake ndipo, zikafika alendo, amakonza malire. Wopambana pamtsutso wa internecine amapeza mwayi wowonjezera chiwembu chake (osapitirira mita).
Pafupi ndi dzenje nthawi zonse pamakhala woteteza amene amakakamizidwa kudziwitsa achibale ake za kuwopsa kwake munthawi. Itha kukhala ngati mzungu kapena mawu ofanana ndi khungwa. Kutengera mtundu wa chizindikiro, mawu agalu akukonzekera kuthamangitsa mdaniyo kapena kuwathamangira kuthawa kwawo. Ambiri makoko hibernate kumapeto kwa Julayi - koyambirira kwa Ogasiti, kudzutsidwa pofika Febere - Marichi.
Kuyankhulana mobisa
Zingwe za agalu otetezedwa zimakonzedwa moyenera komanso mozama kwambiri - nthawi zambiri zimatsikira mamita 3-5. Dzenje lirilonse (lokhala ndi mulifupi mwake) pafupifupi masentimita 15) limakhala njira yopangira matayala opendekera komanso otsetsereka pang'ono pang'ono. Mayendedwe apansi panthaka ali odalirika kwambiri kotero kuti amatetezedwa kwathunthu kuti madzi asasefukira panthawi yamvula ndikugwa.
Pa chiwembu cha mahekitala 1, mpaka mabowo okwana 54 otsogola kunyumba za agalu otha kuwerengedwa. Malinga ndi akatswiri a zoology, kutalika kwa bowo limodzi ndi mitsitsi yake yonse ndiko kupitirira 300 metimita, ngakhale malo omwe ali gawo la mabanja, monga lamulo, saposa mamilimita angapo.
Zofunika! Malo apansi panthaka ali ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana - zina zimasungidwa malo osungira, zina zimakhala nyumba zogona anthu ena, pomwe zina zimangokhala nyumba zosungiramo madzi mukapulumutsa madzi osefukira kapena zilombo.
Kutali ndi nyumba yayikulu, bowo linafukula kuti lizipeza zofunikira zachilengedwe: limagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka litasefukira ndi ndowe. Ngati chimbudzi sichitha kutsukidwa, chimayikidwa m'manda ndipo chimapezeka malo ena atsopano.
Kufotokozera kwa agalu odyetsa
Agalu oyang'anira mabowo - otchedwa makoswe, omwe ndi a banja la agologolo. Tinalemba kale za mapuloteni omwe ali patsamba lathu, motero, muli ndi malingaliro omwe muyenera kuchita nawo. Komabe, agalu otetezedwa sangafanane ndi agologolo, ngakhale izi sizimawalepheretsa kupeza kutchuka ndi chikondi. Chifukwa chake, kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu wagalu kumafikira masentimita 30-38, ndi kulemera kwa kilogalamu 1-2. Nthawi yomweyo, amuna amakhala wolemera komanso wokulirapo kuposa akazi. Mtundu wa ubweya wa agalu otetezeka amatha kukhala wonyezimira mpaka wa bulauni. Tizilombo ta agalu tifupi, tokhala ndi timakhali takuthwa komanso kolimba. Maso ndi okulirapo, otambalala pambiri kuti aoneke m'malo osiyanasiyana, mutu ndiwazungulire komanso wozungulira, pomwe mtundu wa ubweya m'mutu umakhala wakuda kuposa utoto wa ubweya wakuthupi. Ndipo, m'maso ndi masaya, mutha kuwona mphete zowala. Zingwe za zomata sizitali, zazitali ndi tsitsi lakuda, ndipo zimasiyana maonekedwe, kutengera mtundu wa galu wamakedzedwe. Makutu a nyama amafupikitsa ndipo nthawi zambiri samatha kuwoneka pansi pa ubweya wonenepa.
Kuchokera pazithunzi zoterezi titha kuziwona kale kuti cholengedwachi chimawoneka ngati marmot kuposa gologolo kapena galu. Koma, mawonekedwe akusocheretsa.
Agalu Oyerekeza Zam'chilengedwe
Izi makoko ndi zachilendo kwambiri komanso zosangalatsa. Mwa njira, amaitanidwa agalu otchuka , ndipo zonse chifukwa zachilengedwe - kumadzulo ndi pakati kumpoto kwa America, amakhala kumadera okhala, komwe amakhala m'malo akuluakulu. Mwa njira, pali mitundu isanu ngati ya agalu otetezedwa, ndipo monga mungaganizire, nyama zosiyana zimakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Pali galu woyang'anira dimba wa Gunnison, wofiirira-woyera, wamisala wakuda, waku Mexico ngakhalenso gut meform ...
Zingwe za agalu odyetsa
Zamoyo zomwe zimakhala m'malo achilengedwe zimakhala ndi chikhalidwe chovuta kwambiri, chomwe chimakhala ndi 1 wamwamuna, wamkazi angapo ndi ana awo wamba. Awa ndi mabanja akuluakulu omwe amakhala agalu odyetsa. Ponena za malo omwe amakhala, amatha kukumba mabowo akuya omwe ali omangidwa bwino kwambiri kotero kuti saopa kusefukira nthawi yamvula, kapena kuthira mchenga. Mizere iyi imakhala ndi timiyeso tating'ono tomwe timayendayenda m'makola oyenda kenako nkutuluka. Nthawi yomweyo, mu bowo lotere mutha kupeza zipinda zosiyanasiyana - ma pantries, malo omwe agalu odyetsa, amathawa adani kapena kusefukira. Malinga ndi akatswiri, pafupifupi, kutalika kwa bowo limodzi ndi mitsinje yonse kupitirira 300 metres.
Khalidwe la galu
Modabwitsa, machitidwe a agalu otetezeka amatipangitsa kuganiza kuti zolengedwa izi ndizanzeru kwambiri. Chidziwitso ndichakuti akaona nyama yolusa, galu wamtembo amapanga phokoso lalikulu ndikuwomba kuti adziwitse nyama zina, ndikangochita izi amabisala. Nthawi yomweyo, agalu otetezeka amatha kupanga mawu osiyanasiyana, motero amachenjeza m'njira zosiyanasiyana za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zilombo zomwe sizitha kuzikana. Chomwe chatsala kwa iwo ndikuchenjeza za ngozi yomwe ikubwera ndikuthawa.
Zochita za nyama izi zimachitika masana, pomwe usiku, mosiyana ndi mitundu ingapo, agalu otchire amabisala m'makola ndikugona. Ah, nayi galu wopanda dothi loyera, yemwe amabisalira nyengo yachisanu. Ndi m'modzi mwa ochepa mwa mitundu iyi omwe amakonda kugona nthawi yayitali.
Kodi nyama izi zitha kuonedwa kuti ndizothandiza? Akatswiri akutsimikiza kuti inde. Choyamba, agalu odyetsa ndiwo chakudya cha nyama zina zambiri. Kachiwiri, mzere wawo umakhala zinyama zamtundu wina. Ndipo, chachitatu, magawo ndi makina amtunduwu amathandizira feteleza ndi mpweya wabwino, komanso zimathandizira pakukula kwa mbewu m'derali. Komabe, alimi samakhulupirira kwenikweni, ndipo amathamangitsa agalu, kuti awawone ngati ali ndi vuto lotuta.
Kubwezeretsa agalu odyetsa
Ponena za kuswana kwa makoswe mikhalidwe ya chifuniro, agalu otetezeka amabweretsa zinyalala chaka chilichonse. Nthawi yomweyo, nyengo yakukhwima imayamba m'mwezi wa Marichi-Epulo, ndipo mimba imatenga milungu 28-32. Nthawi imodzi mu zinyalala, kuyambira ana atatu mpaka 8 amabadwa, koma pafupifupi 5, ana agalu amabadwa amaliseche ndi khungu, koma maso awo amatseguka masiku 35. Ana ali ndi milungu 6, amayamba kusiya dzenjelo, ndikukhala odziyimira pawokha. Tizilomboti tikalimba mokwanira, makolo awo amawasiyira dzenje ndikupanga watsopano pafupi.
Kodi ndizoyenera kusunga galu wodyetsa kunyumba
Pambuyo panu ndi ine taganizira momwe zolengedwa zimakhalira kuthengo, momwe zimadyera, chakudya, kuswana, yankho lafunso loti azisungitsa galu wokhala ndi dziwe kunyumba limadzifotokozera lokha. Kuphatikiza apo, m'maiko a ku Europe ndi USA, panthawi imodzi, oletsedwa adaletsedwa kugulitsa ndi kugulitsa agalu otetezedwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu 2003 makoswe akuluwa ndi amodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kubadwa kwa chimfine. Ndipo pofuna kupewa matenda ochulukitsa ndikufalikira kwa matendawa, adaganiza zoletsa kuti azisamalira ngati ziweto zaka 5 zotsatira. Ndipo, ngakhale kuti nthawi yokwanira yadutsa kuyambira pano ndipo chiletso chikuwoneka kuti chikuchotsedwa, lingaliraninso ngati mungapatse galu wamtendere kunyumba kwanu, kapena osadzizunza nokha komanso osazunza chiweto chanu, komanso osayika thanzi lanu pachiwopsezo .
Ngati simukuopa zovuta, komanso mukuwotcha ndi chidwi chofuna kukhala ndi galu wodyetsa kunyumba, tikulangizani kuti mudzidziwe bwino ndi mfundo zazikuluzokonzanso yake kunyumba. Komabe, timazindikira mwachangu kuti kusunga chikwatu chachikulu choterechi sikophweka. Izi sizili kwa inu ndipo ayi. Kutalika kwa agalu otetezedwa ku ukapolo kuli mpaka zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, kuyang'aniridwa ndi chisamaliro chabwino. Ndikwabwino kutenga mwana wa galu, chifukwa umazolowera kwambiri ndipo ndizosavuta kuphunzira, ndiye kuti uli ndi mwayi wolimbikitsa cholengedwa chokondweretsa ndi chosangalatsa.
- zili ngati lalikulu. Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha machitidwe ake. Pobwera pamtunda, agalu odabwitsa amapanga phokoso lakuthwa lofanana ndi khungwa lotupa, ndikuwaperekeza ndikumenyedwa kolira. Nthawi inayake agalu odyetsa ziweto ankakhala kumapiri a North America ochuluka.
Koma ndi chitukuko cha zipululu za pristine ndi nzika zaku Europe, kutukuka galu wanyani chimaliziro chafika. Poyamba, madera awo anafa pansi pa khasu, popeza agalu otetezeka sangakhale pamtunda. Kenako linafika nthawi yoti agalu odyetsa ziweto omwe amakhala kubusa. Abusa ndi antchito a ng'ombe amadana ndi nyamazi chifukwa m'makola awo ng'ombe ndi akavalo nthawi zambiri ankadula miyendo. Kuphatikiza apo, agalu otetemera adawonongedwa ngati olimbana ndi ziweto. Kupatula apo, agalu odyetsa amadya achinyamata mphukira, masamba, maluwa ndi mbewu za udzu.
Tsopano agalu odyetsa Amasungidwa m'malo okhawo otetezeka m'malo otentha komanso kutali kwambiri ku North America. M'malo ena, agalu otetezedwa makamaka agalu oyenda okha amapezeka pamakwerero amodzi.
Zithunzi zidzalankhula kuposa mawu.
Kafukufuku wam'munda adachitidwa ndi akatswiri a biology ku University of Maryland's American Center for Environmental Sciences. Kusonkhanitsa deta kunachitika kwa miyezi ingapo kuyambira 2003 mpaka 2012 kumalo osungirako ku Colorado. Kuno, komanso ku Wyoming, Utah ndi Montana, gulu loyera la agalu ofundira (Cynomys leucurus) amakhala. Nyama zazing'onozi zimakhala pamtunda, panthaka youma yokutidwa ndi udzu waufupi. Amagwira usana masana, kubisala usiku m'maenje awo akumba. Galu wokhala ndi mbewa yoyera amasiyana ndi mnzake osati mtundu wa mchira wake, komanso chifukwa imagwera ubweya wambiri miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Galu wakuda-wodetsa thupi wakuda (Cynomys ludovicianusus), Mosiyana, amagwira ntchito chaka chonse komanso amasuntha mu chisanu. Kuti aphunzire bwino za moyo wa C. leucurus, asayansi “amakhalanso ngati iwowo,” inalemba motero National Geographic. Akatswiri azomera adadzuka m'bandakucha, ndikukhala ndikuwona ndikuwasiya pokhapokha galu wotsiriza atagona mdzenje lake. Mu 2007, m'modzi wa asayansi akutali kwambiri adawona chinthu china chokhudza galu womata mozungulira makoswe ena. Ndipo akuti uyu ndi munthu wachikulire kupha mwana wa galu wina. Mwambiri, machitidwe oterewa amapezeka agalu odyetsa, koma sizinkadziwika kuti omwe-oyera-oyera amathanso kusaka. Komabe, atafufuza mosamalitsa mnzake, asayansi adapeza chinthu china chosangalatsa: mtembowo ndi wa wina: Wyoming gopher (Urocitellus elegans) - membala wina wabanja la gologolo. Pazaka zisanu zotsatira, asayansi "adatulukira" zakufa za agalu 101, ndipo milandu ina 62 idafotokozedwanso "yofanana." Zambiri mwa "zolakwika" zomwe zidachitika mu Meyi - munthawi yomwe anyamatawa amasiya ma mbewa kuti adyetse pambuyo nthawi yachisanu. "Osaka" anali achikulire omwe ndi amuna kapena akazi. Pakadali pano, agalu odyetsa samadyanso nyama konse: ndi nyama zamtchire zonse. Malinga ndi akatswiri a sayansi, akuwonongeranso magulu azitsamba a herbivorous, akumenyera chakudya. Mdziko la nyama zamtchire, izi zimachitika: Nyama zazitali zam'madzi zotere monga makoswe zimatha kupha ochita nawo mpikisano, koma pamenepa sanganyoze kulawa nyama yake. Agalu oyendayenda amangosiya matupi a omwe akhudzidwa popanda kuwayang'anira. Asayansi apezanso kuti kutali ndi agalu onse omwe amaphunzitsidwa ndi omwe amasakidwa kupha, ndipo iwo omwe amasaka "kusaka" amachita izi ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana. Imodzi mwa agaluwo idapha ana gopher asanu ndi anayi zaka zinayi, pomwe inayo idapha asanu ndi awiri tsiku limodzi. Koma zinali zoyenera: zidapezeka kuti "opha" omwewo adakulanso mphamvu komanso athanzi kuposa mamembala okonda mtendere. Chifukwa chake, mtundu uwu wamakhalidwe, wopangidwa munthawi yoperewera, udakhala wopindulitsa komanso sunafunikire kusintha kusintha kwa zakudya za herbivores. Fufuzani
Ku USA, agalu otetemera agwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kalekale ngati ziweto, ndipo ku Russia chidwi chawo chikukula. Kupeza ndi kusamalira nyamazo ndizovuta kwambiri, koma ngati muli ndi mwayi kuti mupeze pamsana, ndiye kuti mudzakhala ndi bwenzi labwino kwambiri pamoyo.
Agalu odyetsa chiyani?
Zovala za banja la agologolo, ochokera ku North America. Amakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndipo amakhala m'magulu akulu kwambiri. Ngakhale kumadera akutchire, agalu aang'ono amatha nthawi yawo yambiri akuchita masewera ndi anzawo, kulimbitsa ubale wawo. Kodi tinganene chiyani pankhani yokonza nyumba! Akondwa kusangalatsidwa nanu. Galu wogundika amatha kukhala wachikondi komanso chonde ngati amasamalidwa bwino komanso kupezeka ali aang'ono (mpaka masabata 10). Kudyetsa manja ndipo kusewera kwa maola angapo patsiku kwa masabata angapo oyambilira ndikofunikira pakupanga mgwirizano wamphamvu. Nthawi yayitali yomwe amakhala ali mu ukapolo ndi zaka 10-12, achikulire ali pafupi kukula kwa nkhumba.
Galu la Meadow ndi nyama yanzeru kwambiri, kuthengo amalankhulana wina ndi mnzake m'chinenedwe chawo. Mutha kuphunzira zambiri za kulumikizana kwawo m'nkhani ina ndi Zowona za Galu la Meadow . Amamvetsetsa mawu ndipo magulu ena, amaphunzira mwachangu. Mukamuimbira, abwera kwa inu. Koma amatha kukhala ouma mtima :)
Nthawi zambiri agalu amakhala omangika kwambiri kwa mbuye wawo kotero kuti amakhala okonzeka kumuteteza pamitengo ya moyo wawo. Ndatayika, nyamayo sabwerera kumoyo "wamtchire", monga nyama zina zambiri zosowa. M'malo mwake, adzafunafuna mwiniwake ndikupempha thandizo kwa munthu aliyense yemwe akumana naye. Ngati kulekanako kunali kotalika, ndiye kuti kukumana ndi mwini wakeyo, chisangalalo chake sichikhala ndi malire.
Ngati simutsuka (gwiritsani ntchito galu) kwa miyezi 10, ndiye kuti mu nthawi yokonzekera, ingathe kuukira mwini wakeyo komanso anthu ena popanda chenjezo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudandaula kuti mungapeze veterinarian yemwe angachite opareshoni pasadakhale!
Agalu otsogola ali ndi mano akulu ndipo amaluma kwambiri (magazi). Kupeza katswiri ndikovuta, chifukwa chake tikukulimbikitsani kuti mutenge buku la "Kubweretsa Thumba Lathu la Prairie M'nyumba Yanu" ndikuwonetsa kwa veterinarian wanu.Bukuli limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane magwiridwe antchito. Ngati mukumvetsetsa kuti simunakonzekere kuyang'anira chiwetocho, ndiye kuti ndibwino kupeza anthu awiri kuti athe kukhala abwenzi ndikusewera, osasungulumwa. Sindiwo omwe angasiyidwe okha tsiku lonse atakhala m'khola.
Malo osungira agalu
Mukamapita ndi ana ku nyumba, muyenera kusamalira malo apadera okhala ndi malita 50-60, hay hay ndi T-shirts achikotoni akale ngati zofunda, mutha kuyikanso poyatsira. Pakupita masiku atatu, mwana amayenera kuwunikidwa ndi veterinarian kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi thanzi labwino komanso kuti athe kupeza nthawi yodzidzimutsa. Mayeso amtundu uliwonse amayenera kuchitika kamodzi pachaka.
Kenako, mufunika kukonzera khola lalikulu lalikulu masentimita 60x60x120 (mtunda), mtunda pakati pa ndodutsazo osapitirira 1.5 cm. Zimakhala zabwino ngati mutayika timiyala, tayala lalikulu komanso malo obisika komwe timagona. Mawilo sikuyenera kukhala opangidwa ndi waya ndi chitsulo, koma cholimba chamatabwa kapena matabwa osinthira. Popeza agalu odyetsa amakhala m'mabowo mwachilengedwe, sangasangalale kulowa pansi, chifukwa mutha kupanga pallet ndi malo apadera.
Musanagule mwana wa mbuzi, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mikhalidwe yake yomwe ili pafupi ndi chilengedwe chake. Yenderani nyumbayo, chotsani mawaya ndi zinthu zowopsa, chifukwa azizikola. Kuchepetsa kulowa kuchimbudzi ndi kuchimbudzi, amakhala achidwi kwambiri ndipo amatha kutafuna pepala la chimbudzi kapena kumira mchimbudzi.
Ngati mukupatsa nyamayo ufulu woyenda mozungulira nyumbayo, onani bwinobwino malo ake kuti mupeze ngozi! Tetezani kugalasi ndi magalasi, madzi ndi mawaya.
Eni ake ambiri amadandaula kuti mukapeza anthu awiri mnyumba, azingokondana. Koma sichoncho, ali ndi chidwi chofuna kucheza ndi "banja" lawo. Popeza agalu otsogola amakhala m'magulu akuluakulu mwachilengedwe, timalimbikitsa kuti pakhale awiri kuti azitha kusewera tsiku lonse ndikugona limodzi.
Ziweto zamtunduwu zimakhala kwa inu mwana wachikondi yemwe sadzakula konse. Madongosolo awo oseketsa ndi phokoso losiyanasiyana kuti azilankhulana nanu zimakupatsani chisangalalo chochuluka
Kodi kudyetsa agalu odyetsa?
Zakudya za agalu 98% zimakhala ndi udzu wamba (Timofeevka meadow). M'malo otchire, amadya udzu wonse kuzungulira mabowo, zomwe zimawapatsa chiwonetsero chabwino chodziteteza kwa adani. Kuphatikiza pa msipu wosavuta, chakudya cha granular (mapira kuchokera ku msipu, nyemba, nyemba zina) ziyenera kuperekedwa m'malo ochepa, ndipo monga mankhwala, nyongolotsi, zukini ndi kaloti kuzungulira, mbatata (mbatata) ndi saladi.
M'nyengo yotentha ndi yophukira, nyamayi imatha kudya mpaka 1 makilogalamu a udzu watsopano pa sabata. Mutha kupatsa ena zipatso ndi zipatso, tizilombo. Samasankha kwambiri chakudya, komanso osusuka!
Mutha kupeza mayankho othandiza a mafunso. za agalu odyetsa kunyumba munkhani yopatukana.
Galu wofufuza: kukonza ndi kusamalira
- DZIWANI IZI
- Dzinalo: Galu wosaoneka ngati wakuda (Cynomys ludovicianus)
- Zoyambira: West US
- Kukula kwa gulu la anthu ochezeka: Anthu 10-20 omwe ali pamakola, masauzande mtawuni
- Nthawi yapakati: masiku 32
- Kupeza ufulu: milungu 6
- Dera: Mpaka 400 ha
Galu wodziwa kusamala komanso wosamala amawatchingira zitsamba. Miyendo yake imasunthika kotero kuti nyamayo ikhoza kugwira nthambi ngati “m'manja”.
Agalu otsogola, omwe asankha kukhala kumadzulo kwa United States, sangakhale ozolowera kwambiri kwa azungu ambiri. Mwambiri, nyamazo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, chifukwa zimakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe.
Osati kale kwambiri, agalu otetezedwa, otengedwa ngati tizirombo a malo olimapo, anali cholinga chofuna kuwawononga. Zotsatira zakusaka kotere, zosakwana 2% za nyama izi zimatsala kuchokera kwa anthu am'mbuyomo amtunduwu.
Khalidwe lovuta kwambiri la agalu odyetsa chidwi limasangalatsa kwambiri akatswiri odziwa zachilengedwe. Akatswiri amaphunzira agalu okhala ndi timiyala yakuda ndipo nthawi zambiri amawatchula iwo monga zitsanzo zapamwamba zamagulu okhala bwino.
Agalu otchedwa Meadow ndi oimira gulu la agologolo mabanja (mwachitsanzo, agologolo wamba ndi imvi ndi abale awo). Nthawi zambiri anthu amakula mpaka 30cm ndipo amalemera mpaka kilogalamu, amuna ndi okulirapo kuposa akazi. Agalu otsogola amakhala ndi ma tchuthi akuluakulu okhala ndi zibwano zolimba zosinthidwa kuti akumbe mabowo. Nyamazo zimatchedwa agalu chifukwa zimapanga mawu okuwa, ngati ana agalu. Agalu otsogola amadya kwambiri udzu ndi masamba, gawo laling'ono lazakudya zawo ndizilombo ndi mphutsi, ngakhale kuti zokonda zotere sizachilendo kwa makoswe. Mitundu isanu ya nyamazi imadziwika ndi sayansi, koma m'nkhaniyi tikambirana za mitundu yodziwika bwino kwambiri - galu wamiyala yakuda-wautali (Supotus ludovicianus).
Tawuni ya agalu
Ubweya wopatsa misozi ndi wowongoletsa ndi mawonekedwe apadera a agalu odyetsa. Agologolo ambiri okhala pansi amakhala m'magulu akulu, koma wachibale wawo, gologolo wa ku Europe, amakonda bowo lina mkati mwa nyanjayo.
Khomo lolowera ku mabowo a "tawuni" agalu otetezedwa ndi khoma lopangidwa ndi phompho lalikulu mamita awiri. Buluzi limakhala lalitali mamita 30. Nyama zimakumbidwa dothi lozungulira khomo. Phiri lopangidwa ngati konkire mpaka 1 m kutalika limakhala malo owonera ndikuziteteza ku kusefukira kwamvula. Pafupifupi, mpaka malo 100 oterewa amapezeka pa hekitala imodzi, yomwe imalola kuti agalu azibisala m'malo otetezeka nthawi iliyonse.
Mdzenjemo mumakhala zakudya, zipinda zogona nyumba zina. Onsewo ali pafupi, choncho agalu nthawi zonse amamvetsera ngati pali adani ena pafupi nawo.
Mizinda ya agalu a prairie imakhudzanso chilengedwe cha mapiri. Nyama zosiyanasiyana zimatha kukhala m'makola opanda kanthu, kuphatikiza kadzidzi wa kalulu ndi kambuku kokhala ndi miyendo yakuda - mitundu yomwe ikuwopsezedwa kuti idzatha. Zakudya za agalu zimakhudzanso zakudimba ndikuthandizira kukula kwa shrub, komwe ndizabwino nyama.
Banja
Monga lamulo, ana 4-5 amabadwa mu agalu chaka chilichonse. Makanda obadwa kumene ali akhungu amakhala m'manda kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi. Pazaka izi, amayamba kusiya dzenje ndipo posakhalitsa amasiya kudya mkaka. Kukula kwachichepere kumakhalabe ndi machira mpaka zaka ziwiri, kenako amuna amachoka ndikupanga machira awo. Akazi sathamangira kuti akachokere m'banjamo.
Maubwenzi mu machira ndi oyandikana kwambiri. Banja limadziwana wina pachikhalidwe chotchedwa "kupsopsona." Pofikira wina ndi mnzake pakamwa pake, nyama zimagwira mano. Chochitika chofala pakati pa agalu odyetsa ndicho kusinthana kwina kwa malaya a ubweya wa wina ndi mzake. Akazi nthawi zambiri amayamwitsa ana a atsikana awo. Komabe, anyani amtunduwu amakhala kutali ndi chisa mpaka ana amphongo atakwanitsa milungu ingapo. Pakadali pano, abambo nthawi zambiri amateteza ufulu wokhala gawo losankhidwa. Kulimbana ndi okhala m'zipinda zina zofikira nthawi zambiri sikutanthauza kulimbana.
Agalu oyerekeza, amayang'anitsitsa dothi lozungulira pakhomo lachipinda chake. Banja lililonse limakhala ndi gawo lawolawo mobisalira, momwe mumakhala anthu ambiri.
Agalu amaziwopseza wina ndi mzake, akumenyetsa mano awo ndikugwedeza mchira wawo, komanso kuthamangitsa mdani.
Wodikira
Masana, burrow imayang'aniridwa ndi m'modzi m'modzi. Amayimirira pafupi ndi khomo lolowera mnyumbayo, kuchokera pomwe amatha kuwona zoopsa. Maso a nyama ali kumtunda kwa mutu, omwe amapereka mawonekedwe owoneka bwino konse. Mlondayo akaona vuto lililonse, amatulutsa chisonyezo choopsa, chofanana ndi kukhwada, motero kuchenjeza aliyense kuti nthawi yakubisalira.
Amakhulupirira kuti agalu odyetsa ndi amodzi mwa zilankhulo zovuta kwambiri pakati pa nyama zonse. Kufuula kopitilira 11 kudalembedwa, kuwonetsa kuwoneka kwa adani ena omwe anali pafupi. Kulira kumakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imalola nyama zoyandikana kuti zimve zambiri za ngoziyo. A.
Mitundu ya agalu odyetsa
Ngakhale kuti mitunduyi ndiyovuta kusiyanitsa, ndichizolowezi kunena za mitundu isanu ya agalu otetezedwa:
- Cynomys mfuti - Gunnison galu,
- Cynomys ludovicianus - galu woyipitsidwa ndi wakuda,
- Cynomys leucurus - galu wokhala ndi bala loyera,
- Cynomys parvidens - galu wogwiritsa ntchito,
- Cynomys mexicanus - galu me mezaneta.
Mitundu ya makoswe imasiyana m'njira zamtundu wazidziwitso komanso mawonekedwe ena a morphological, mwachitsanzo, kukula ndi mawonekedwe a molars. Ku nsonga ya mchira wa agalu ochokera ku Mexico ndi amisala akuda ndi akuda, pomwe mitundu ina ndi yoyera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Sikuti makoswe onse amagona nthawi yozizira: galu wopanda matayala wakuda, akuyenda modekha kuphimba kwa chisanu, akuwonetsa vivacity chaka chonse. Komano galu wokhala ndi mbewa yoyera amapita m'manja a Morpheus pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Habitat, malo okhala
Agalu otsogola ndi oimira zachilengedwe ku North America, moyenera, magulu ake osatha. Mitundu ya makoswe imayamba kuchokera kumadera akumwera kwa Canada m'chigawo cha Saskatchewan ndikugwira ma US angapo - North ndi South Dakota, Kansas, Texas, Wyoming, Utah, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Montana, New Mexico, Colado ndi Arizona.
Pali agalu odyetsa madera angapo a North / Central Mexico. Zovala zodzikongoletsera zimapanga nyumba m'malo opezekamo ndi madera ena achipululu, momwe muli masamba ochepa. Sawopa kukwera - nyama zidawoneka m'malo ammapiri (kumtunda kwa 3 km kumtunda kwa nyanja).
Zakudya za galu
Chakudya cha makoswe ndimasamba ambiri, koma nthawi zina amadzipaka okha ndi mapuloteni amanyama, kudya tizilombo tina. Kupita kokasaka chakudya, khalani pafupi ndi mabowo. Mfundo yoti agalu odyetsa ziweto azikhazikika pamtunda kuti ayankhe dothi labwino: makomalo amachepetsa udzu womwe umakula kuti usasokoneze malingaliro.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Pali zambiri zosakira pa kugawana kwa agalu. Chifukwa chake, zimadziwika kuti nthawi yawo yakukhwima imayamba kamodzi pachaka ndikutha (ndi umuna wopambana) ndi zinyalala chimodzi. Yaikazi imabereka ana kwa mwezi umodzi (kuyambira masiku 28 mpaka 32), imabereka nthawi ya masika (mu Marichi, Epulo kapena Meyi) makanda 2-10 osawona. Amayamba kuwona pafupi masiku 33- 37, ndipo akafika zaka 7 amatha kukhala odziimira payekha ndikuyamba kukwawa.
Zofunika! Kukula kwacinyamata kumafika pachonde mochedwa, nthawi zambiri osati kale kuposa zaka 3. Akatswiri azachilengedwe azindikira kuti nthawi zambiri ndimibadwo yakale ya makoswe yomwe imasiya mabowo okhala, kusiya "unyamata" pamenepo.
Amuna ndi akazi okalamba amayesetsa kukulitsa malo awo okhala mothandizidwa ndi anansi awo, kuzungulira malire awo, kapena kupita kukafunafuna ziwembu zaulere. Pano atengedwa, kukumba mabowo awo ndikugwirizana m'mabanja awo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Malinga ndi malipoti ena, kale kwambiri panali agalu ochulukirapo padziko lapansi kuposa anthu, koma omalizira adakwanitsa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa makoswe. Alimi aku North America adayamba kuphana mwankhanza, akukhulupirira kuti makoswe amadya masamba omwe adapangira ziweto. Ziwerengero zotsatirazi zidasindikizidwa: mu 1905, kuchuluka kwa agalu otetezedwa omwe amakhala ku Texas, kunali nyama pafupifupi 800 miliyoni, koma podzafika kumapeto kwa zaka zana lawo chiwerengero chatsikira ku 2.2 miliyoni.
Cholinga chakuchepa kwawo chinali chitukuko cha madera, makamaka kulima kwawo. Kuwonongeka kwa agalu otetezedwa sikungakhudze koma kuchuluka kwa nyama zina zomwe zimakhala m'mafamu. Otsatira adataya zakudya zawo (makoswe ambiri), ndi herbivores - malo okhala bwino omwe agalu odyetsa ziweto adawapatsa kwaulere.
Zovala zokongoletsera ndizabwino kwambiri ndipo zimazolowera anthu. Galu wodyera m'nyumba safuna kuthawa kuchoka ku ukapolo ndipo amakonda nyumba yake yopanga zinthu.
Panyumba
Chidebe chomwe nyamayo imakhalamo imayenera kukhala yopanda malire kuti ikumba mgodi wabwino pamenepo. Pazifukwa izi, mutha kusinthira aquarium yayikulu kapena khola lodzazidwa ndi dothi kapena mchenga. Kuphatikiza apo, mudzafunika zinthu zopangira zokongoletsera, nthambi ndi zoseweretsa zomwe ziwetozo zingayesere dzino. Gulani zikuni zamatanda ngati simukufuna kuti pentuloyo ikhale ndi poizoni ndi pulasitiki.
Inde, m'khola mumayenera kuyika mbale yothira ndi madzi abwino komanso chowonjezera chadongo kuti chikhale chokhazikika. Koma ngakhale malo abwino okhala samatanthauzira nthawi yayitali kwa bwenzi lanu latsopanoli.
Zofunika! Agalu onse oyenda pang'onopang'ono ndi a thermophilic, ndipo ngakhale osabisala (ngati omata-mwala), amatha kutopa kapena kuzimiririka kwa nthawi yayitali ngati kutentha kwa mpweya mu aquarium kutsikira mpaka +12 digiri Celsius.
Pamatenthedwe ochepa, thupi la nthumwi limakumana ndi hypothermia, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kuzizira. Ngati mukuwona kuti nyamayo sikutentha, gwiritsani ntchito phukusi lotenthetsera, kuyikiratu chiweto chomata chija.
Kudyetsa ana
Ogulitsa osakhulupirika nthawi zambiri amapereka ana omwe sanaphunzire kudya okha. Nyama zotere nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi "mafuta a makanda" ochepa: alibe nthawi yoti atolere izi, popeza aletsedwa kuyamwa kuyambira m'mawere. Anthu osauka awa adzafunikanso poyatsira kutenthetsa, koma muyenera kuyiyika mu gawo limodzi lamadzi (kuyiyika pansi) kuti koloko yotenthetsera ikasamukira kudera lina, lozizira.
Kudyetsa ana, mudzafunika syringe ndi Pedialyte (yankho la elekitirodi ya ana omwe ali ndi matenda otsegula m'mimba) ogulidwa ku pharmacy. Kenako pitani motere:
- Phatikizani mkaka wonse ofunda ndi pedialyte (m'malo ofanana). Ndikwabwino kugula mkaka wapadera wa ana.
- Dyetsani mwana wanu wolemera 150-200 g, pang'onopang'ono kumabweretsa osakaniza mkamwa mwake.
- Kudyetsa kumachitika tsiku lililonse la 2-5, kuyang'anira momwe ziwetozo zilili.
- Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti thupi silikutaya madzimadzi.
Mutha kusangalatsa mwana ndi kutentha kwa thupi lake, mwachitsanzo, pachifuwa, nthawi ndi nthawi kumamulola kupumira mpweya kuti makoswewo asamakomoke.
Akuluakulu makoswe chakudya
Agalu amodzi otentha kumayambiriro kwamasika / chilimwe amadya pafupifupi 1 kg ya udzu pa sabata. Grass, monga mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa chakudya, uyenera kukhala ndi chakudya chambiri cha 3/4. Komanso pa menyu agalu oyenda ndi zakudya ayenera kupezekapo:
M'dzinja, ndikusowa kwa udzu, masamba agwa nawonso ngoyenera. M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kusinthana ndi masamba ndi masamba aliwonse obiriwira.
Njira zopewera
Ngati khwangwala limayenda mozungulira nyumbayo, ibwezereni ku khola / m'madzi mukachoka kunyumba. Chimbudzi, chimbudzi cha mphaka, chomwe chili kutali ndi malo azosewerera ndi "chipinda chodyeramo", chidzakwanira bwino.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kukula, makoswe amayamba kukhala odekha komanso owonongeka.
Onetsetsani kuti mukumanga mawaya, tsekani zitsulo, osasiya chololeza chamtengo wa Khrisimasi ndi mankhwala apakhomo pagulu. Osabalalitsa masokosi ndi zinthu zina zazing'ono - agalu otsogola adzawanyamula ndi kuwabisa.