Mink ndi nyama yolusa yochokera kubanja la marten, yomwe imawapangitsa kukhala ofanana ndi martens, otter, badger ndi ferrets. Minki imakonda kukhazikika m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi malo ena osungira, popeza zakudya zawo ndi nsomba, achule ndi nsomba zazinkhanira. Komabe, nyamayi siyinyansa makoswe ndi mbalame zazing'ono.
Monga nyumba, nyamayo imagwiritsa ntchito kukumba mabowo ndi dzanja lake, kapena alendo. Mwachitsanzo, kutsika kwa molekyu, khoswe yamadzi, kapena kanyumba kamtengo komwe kali pafupi ndi dziwe ndi koyenera kuchitapo kanthu.
Masiku ano pali mitundu iwiri yomwe dzina loti mink limagwira - American mink ndi European mink. Izi ndi pafupi kwambiri, koma mitundu yosiyana ya nyama. Ndiwofanana kwambiri mawonekedwe, amatsogolera moyo wofananira, koma kuthengo samaswana, chifukwa chake akupikisana mwachilengedwe.
European mink
Ma mbewa aku Europe ali ndi thupi lalitali lakuthwa komanso miyendo yamfupi yamphamvu. Kutalika kwakuthupi kwamtunda ndi 35-40 masentimita ndipo kulemera pang'ono osakwana 1 kg. Poganizira mchira, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 60. Pamiyendo pali tinthu tosiyanasiyana, timene timathandizira kusaka nyama m'malo am'madzi. Khungu limakutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda wokhala ndi undercoat wakuda, yemwe samanyowa. Chifukwa cha izi, nyama zimatha kulolera kutentha pang'ono, kuphatikizapo madzi ozizira. Chovalachi chimakhala chakuda kwambiri. Chithunzi chomwe chilinso ndi nkhope yoyera, chifukwa cha momwe muminira mu chithunzi nthawi zonse zimawoneka zoseketsa.
Mpaka pakati pa zaka zana zapitazi, mink ya ku Europe inali ponseponse pafupifupi ku Europe, kupatula kumpoto chakumadzulo komanso kumwera kwenikweni. Komabe, mpaka pano, malo omwe amakhala ndi madera ochepa kwambiri a Vologda ndi Arkhangelsk ku Russia, komanso malo ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhala ku Spain, Romania ndi mayiko a Baltic.
Zomwe nyamayi yazimiririka kuzambiri zam'mbuyomu sizikudziwika bwinobwino, chifukwa palibe lingaliro lililonse pa akaunti ili lomwe lapeza chitsimikiziro choyenera. Amakhulupirira kuti kupita kumzindawo komanso kufalikira kwa mink waku America ku Europe kumangochititsa kuti "European" ziwonongeke, koma sizinali zifukwa zoyambirira zoyambira.
Mink waku America
Waku America kusungunuka amawoneka ofanana kwambiri ndi msuweni wake waku Europe, koma mwa chibadwa ali pafupi ndi ma sables ndi martens. Amakhulupirira kuti "Amereka" ndi "azungu" adatulukira ngati mtundu wina payekhapayekha (kutanthauza kuti sachokera ku kholo limodzi), komanso kufanana kwina ndikochitika mwa kusinthika kwakukhala moyo zofanana.
Kutalika kwa thupi la "America" kumafika 60 cm, ndikuganizira mchira - 90 cm. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumasiyana kuchokera ku 2-3 kg. Zimasambira zosapanga bwino sizinapangidwe bwino, koma chivundikiro cha ubweya ndichopepuka kwambiri kuposa cha "azimayi aku Europe" ndipo penti wakuda ndi imvi. Kuphatikiza pa kukula, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mink yaku America ndi European mink ndi mtundu wa nkhope: "waku America" ali ndi mlomo wapansi ndi chibwano chokhapidwa choyera, pomwe "European" ili ndi nkhope yonse yoyera.
Kukhazikika kwa zinthu zamtunduwu ndi North America. Ma mink akukhala ¾ a kontinenti: sapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Canada, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa USA, ku Mexico ndi mayiko a Isthmus of Panama. Pamene kuchuluka kwa ubweya wa mafakitale kudayamba m'zaka za zana la 20, minks zaku America zidabweretsedwa ku Europe ndi USSR kuti ziziswana pofuna kupeza ubweya wofunikira. Ngakhale anali aufulu, anthu adachulukirachulukira ndipo adatengera chilengedwe chomwe chimasungidwa pakutha kwa European mink. Masiku ano, anthu aku America "amapezeka" kulikonse kumpoto kwa Europe ndi kumpoto kwa Asia, komanso ku Japan.
Khalidwe ndi zikhalidwe za "American" nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi European mink, koma chifukwa cha thupi lawo lalikulu, amatha kudya nyama zazing'ono komanso zazikulu, mwachitsanzo, muskrat komanso nkhuku.
Kunyumba kwakanyumba
Mpaka theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 19, zoyesayesa zazikulu zokhala ndi ma mink sizinapangidwe. Pokhapokha kusaka ubweya utatha kukwaniritsa kukula kwa ubweya, ma mbewa limodzi ndi nyama zina za ubweya ndi zomwe zinakhala ntchito yolima nyama. Boom lenileni linayamba m'zaka za zana la 20 ku USSR, komwe kunayendetsedwa ndi kupanga mafamu akuluakulu azinyama, kumene, mwa zinthu zina, mink yaku America inayamba kubadwa.
Zokonda pa mink yaku America muulimi wa ubweya zidaperekedwa chifukwa chakuti nyamayi imapereka ubweya wabwino komanso wokongola. Masiku ano, pamodzi ndi Russia, kuweta mink kumachitika kwambiri ku Scandinavia ndi Canada. Ndipo ngakhale kuweta nyama kumapezeka ku maiko ena aku Europe, kulibe ubweya wochepa pamenepo. Izi ndichifukwa choti ubweya wabwino kwambiri komanso wamtengo wapatali umaperekedwa ndi nyama zomwe zimalimidwa kuzizira. Padziko lapansi, mink yaku Russia, Canada ndi Scandinavia ndiyabwino kwambiri.
Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 20, mink adagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati ziweto. M'malo mwa amphaka ndi agalu otopetsa, ma mink adayamba kuwoneka m'zipinda komanso m'nyumba. Ndi zokoma zonse komanso chisangalalo cha nyama iyi, sanapite patali momwe adasankhidwira ndikusintha momwe angakhalire ndi anthu, monga amphaka ndi agalu omwewo. Poona izi, ma mbewa atha kubwezeredwa kwambiri, kubweretsa zovuta zambiri pakusungidwa kwawo, kuyanjana kwambiri ndi ziweto zina.
Mink imakonda kumvera mbuye m'modzi yekha, kunyalanyaza kapena kudana ndi abale ena, osatchula anthu omwe amabwera kudzacheza. Ngakhale zonyansa, zomwe sizili kutali ndi zakutchire, ndizabwino kwambiri zoweta komanso zoweta.
Komabe, izi sizitanthauza kuti ma mink ndi osayenera kwathunthu kukonza nyumba. Ngati mungatenge mwana wambanda mpaka zaka zoyambirira ndikuyesetsa kuti mum'phunzitse kuyambira pachiyambi, atha kukhala mikhalidwe yabwino, yosangalala komanso yomvera.
Mink: Kusamalira ndi kusamalira ziweto
Monga chiweto, mutha kusunga mink yonse ya ku Europe ndi ku America. Komabe, chifukwa choti "European" ndi mtundu wachilendo kwambiri ndipo adalembedweranso ku Red Book, minks zaku America ndizofala kwambiri.
Mokulira, chisamaliro ndi kukonza kwa mink mu nyumba sizosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe aretret. Kusiyana kokhako ndikuti ma mink amakhala achikondi kwambiri ndikuwona zomwe zili mu cell molakwika. Nyama iyi ndiyosavuta kuzolowera threyi, ndipo mu chakudya sichimasankha konse. Nthawi zambiri, mink imadyetsedwa ndi zosakaniza za mpunga kapena buckwheat porridge ndi nyama yoboola. Nyama iliyonse imayenera kukhala: nkhuku, nsomba, ng'ombe, nkhumba. Kugwiritsanso ntchito chakudya chopangidwa ndi mphaka chololedwa.
Popeza ma mink ali ndi metabolism yofulumira, amakhala othandiza komanso akhama. Intaneti yadzaza ndi makanema, komwe mink frolics ndi cheat. Ichi ndi nyama yoseketsa komanso yoseketsa kwambiri, kotero kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa nyumbayo muyenera kukonzekeretsa "bwalo lamasewera" laling'ono lanyumba. Ndikofunikanso kwambiri kuti nthawi zonse mukamanyamula nyama mukamayenda.
Nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kukhala okonzekera kuti, pamene mulibe kunyumba, chiweto chizidziyimira nokha zinthu zanu momwe zingamuthandizire. Zovala zowala komanso thupi losinthika limalola kuti makinawo akwere kulikonse, kuphatikizapo malo omwe sangathe kutuluka. Chifukwa cha nthawi yosakhalapo, ndibwino kutseka nyamayo m'khola lalikulu kapena mlengalenga.
Mink imakonda kwambiri madzi, choncho muyenera kupatsa nyamayo chinyengo chotsalira - chosambira kapena bafa laling'ono. Chifukwa cha chisangalalo ichi, mink adzakhala othokoza kwambiri kwa inu.
Monga zonyansa, ma mink ndi fungo losiyanitsa. Sizingatheke kuzichotsa kwathunthu, koma kuyeretsa pafupipafupi mu "chisa", kumatha kuchepetsedwa. Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi lainki yakunyumba, iyenera kuperekedwa katemera nthawi ndi nthawi (makamaka ngati mbewa zikuluzikulu zimayenda mumsewu) ndikuwononga.
Malamulo 10 okhutira zakunyumba
Omwe akufuna kupeza malingaliro ndi malangizo a kunyumba kwanu kuchokera kwa anthu odziwa zambiri adzabwera othandiza:
- Muyenera kutenga mbewa ngati mwana wa mwana (wokhala ndi mwezi umodzi) komanso wabwinoko kuposa wamphongo, chifukwa akazi ndi ankhanza kwambiri. Kubweretsa nyama kunyumba, muyenera kumuthandiza nthawi zonse pakukweza kwake. Ngati tsiku lalikulu mukakhala kuntchito, nyama imasiyidwa ku zida zake zokha ndipo chiweto sichingagwire ntchito.
- Fungo la nyama limakhudzidwa ndi mtundu wa chakudya. Sankhani chakudya chakufa chifukwa cha kununkhira kwake.
- Pa nthawi yopaka, mayi amalira momasuka kunja kwa estrus, kotero kuti akazi samafunikira kudzaza. Amuna mu chithunzicho amalemba kwambiri maderawo ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala akuchita ziwopsezo - amang'amba mapepala am'madzi, akung'ambika, ndi mipando yam'ng'ono. Njira zophunzitsira zilibe ntchito pano, ndizongowonjezera mphamvu.
- Mink simakonda zomwe zili m'maselo. Koma popeza munthu sangathe kuchita popanda iyo, ndibwino kungokonda khola lalikulu kwambiri lomwe silikhala lodzaza ndi nyama.
- Mink amakonda kwambiri kuyenda pamalopo ngati adazolowera kuyambira ubwana.
- Mink imakhala bwino ndi nyama zina zapakhomo, kuphatikiza ma mink ena. Nthawi yomweyo, nyamayi imakhala yolimba komanso yankhanza, chifukwa chake imatha kulumpha mphaka kapena galu wocheperako.
- Komanso mink sayenera kupita nawo kunyumba kumene kuli ana aang'ono. Momwe ana amathandizira ziweto zimadziwika. Koma mosiyana ndi galu kapena mphaka, mink siyingopirira kuvutitsidwa, koma ikangoyamba kuluma. Ndipo amaluma mwankhanza kwambiri.
- Kuzolowera kutchetcha sikovuta kuposa mphaka. Koma, mwatsoka, anthu ambiri amakhala ndi chidwi ndi mayikowa ndi ndowe. Ngati simunakonzekere kuyeretsa chipindacho tsiku lililonse kuchokera ku "migodi" yoyenera, ndibwino kuti musayambe kung'ung'udza.
- Mink ndi nyama yopanda pake komanso yodziyimira pawokha. Ino si mphaka, yomwe imatha kunyamulidwa nthawi iliyonse ndikufinya mpaka mutatopa. Mink amapita m'manja mwake mwa ufulu wakudzisankhira.
- Mwayi woti, kutsatira malamulo onse a kubwezeretsa ndikutchingira mbewa, chilombo choyipa komanso chopanda ubwenzi chikadakulabe, chikukula kwambiri. Mink sichinadutsitse zosankha zaka chikwi momwe anthu adatsogolera mwadala amphaka ndi agalu omvera. Chifukwa chake, konzekerani kuti chiweto chomwe chatengedwa munyumbayo sichitha kukhala bwenzi lanu.
Sungunuka ngati nyama yanyama
Mink ndi imodzi mwazinyama zofunikira kwambiri za ubweya zomwe zimadulidwa muukapolo. "Amapereka" gawo la mkango wa ubweya womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pakusoka zovala ndi ubweya wina. Aliyense adamva mawu akuti "chovala chaminki" ndi "Pyatigorsk mink". Izi ndi za nyama izi.
Masiku ano, malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, ma mink amapereka pafupifupi 70-80% ya zofuna za ubweya padziko lapansi. Kugulitsa kwakukulu koteroko kumachitika chifukwa chakuti pakati pa nyama zonse zokhala ndi ubweya, mink imabereka bwino kwambiri mu ukapolo. Kupangidwe kwa famu ya ubweya wa mink kwenikweni sikusiyana kwambiri ndi bungwe lina lililonse lantchito zamagulu azifuwe. Pano, ntchito yayikulu ya wamalonda ndiyomweyi - kupanga zikhalidwe zovomerezeka kwa zinyama mu zinyama, kupereka zakudya, kuwonetsetsa kulumikizana pakati pa ma mbewa ndi abambo ndi amayi kuti apange ana, kukhazikitsa njira yophera nyama ndikutsatsa malonda omalizidwa. Palibe mavuto ndi izi, popeza kufunika kwa ubweya ndizokwera kwambiri.
Chochititsa chachikulu komanso kusiyana kwa mink kuchokera ku nyama zina zaulimi ndikuti si herbivores, koma adani. Chifukwa chake muyenera kuwadyetsa osati ndi njere ndi udzu, koma ndi nyama. Komanso, wochita bizinesi amene akufuna kutsegulira famu yaubweya ayenera kukumbukira kuti mawonekedwe amtundu wa zikopa (ubweya) ndiogwirizana mwachindunji ndi nyengo yomwe nyama zimamera. Kutali kumpoto, nyama zowonda ndi ubweya wambiri zimapeza. Chifukwa chake, famu ya mink yomwe ili mdera la Arkhangelsk kapena Murmansk nthawi zonse izikhala yopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa famu yochokera ku Rostov kapena Astrakhan.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ubweya
M'mafamu a ubweya wa Russia ndi mayiko ena a ubweya, mink yokha ya ku Amereka imakhala yolusa, chifukwa imapereka zikopa zazikulu ndi ubweya wabwinobwino. Pali mitundu yambiri yayitali ya nyama:
- Mink ya siliva-buluu. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya andende mink. Chiwerengero chake ndi pafupifupi 40% ya ziweto zapadziko lonse lapansi (kupatula zotulutsa zakuthengo).
- Mink yakuda yakuda. Mu malo achiwiri malinga ndi manambala. Imakhala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ziweto zapadziko lapansi. Mitundu ina yonse ya ma mink inkachokera pa kusintha kwa masinthidwe ndi mitanda ya gululi.
- Mink wakuda kapena ndege. Kusintha kwakukulu kochokera ku Canada mu 60s ya zaka zapitazi.
- Sapphire Mink. Wophatikiza wa Aleutian ndi siliva-buluu mink. Ali ndi mtundu "wamtambo" wamtundu wakuda.
- Pastel mink. Chimafanana ndi utoto wonyezimira, koma ubweya wake umawoneka buluu ndipo nthawi zambiri umakhala wokongola kwambiri.
- Mink yoyera. Mtundu wachilendo kwambiri wa mink womwe umabadwa ku North America. Amapereka ubweya woyera wabwino kwambiri.