Makamaka magonero khalani ku Southeast Asia. M'mbuyomu, madera omwe amagawikidwako anali ochulukirapo, koma mphamvu ya anthu idachepetsa. Mutha kukumana ndi nyani pakati pa nkhalango zowirira, komanso m'nkhalango zamitengo, koma osapitirira 2,000.

Maonekedwe a kapangidwe ka nthumwi za oimira zolengedwa zamtunduwu ndi monga kusowa kwa mchira komanso kutalika kwakutsogolo kwamtsogolo ndi ulemu kwa thupi kuposa anyani ena. Chifukwa cha manja olimba atali ndi chala chokhala ndi mizu yotsika m'manja, ma giboni amatha kuyenda pakati pa mitengo mwachangu, kugwirira panthambi.

Pa chithunzi magiboni kuchokera pa intaneti mutha kukumana ndi nyani wamitundu yosiyanasiyana, komabe, nthawi zambiri zosiyana izi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito zosefera ndi zotsatira zake.

M'moyo, pali mitundu ya mitundu itatu - yakuda, imvi komanso yofiirira. Mawonekedwe amatengera munthu wamtundu winawake. Chifukwa chake, gibbon wocheperako kwambiri mukamakula amakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 45 ndi kulemera kwa 4-5 makilogalamu, subspecies akuluakulu amafika kutalika kwa 90 cm, motsatana, ndipo kulemera kumawonjezeka.

Chikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe cha gibbon

Masana, ma giboni amakhala otakataka kwambiri. Zimasuntha mwachangu pakati pa mitengo, kugwirana ndikutsogolo ndikukutumphuka kuchokera nthambi kusiya nthambi mpaka mita 3. Chifukwa chake, kuthamanga kwawo kuli mpaka 15 km / h.

Nyani sizimatsika pansi. Koma, ngati izi zikuchitika, momwe amayendetsera kayendedwe ndizabwino kwambiri - amaimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndikupita, ndikumayendetsa kutsogolo. Mabanja okhala ndi banja limodzi amakhala ndi ana awo m'gawo lawo, lomwe amawasamalira mwachangu.

M'mawa kwambiri nyani gibbons kukwera mumtengo wamtunda ndikudziwitsa anyani ena onse ndi nyimbo yayikulu yomwe bwaloli limakhazikika. Pali zonena kuti pazifukwa zina sizikhala ndi gawo komanso banja. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi anyamata achichepere omwe amasiya chisamaliro cha makolo posaka omwe akukhalirana nawo moyo.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ngati mwana wamwamuna yemwe wakula satenga gawo la makolo ake yekha, amachotsedwa ntchito mokakamiza. Chifukwa chake, mwana wamwamuna wachichepere amatha kuyendayenda m'nkhalangomo kwa zaka zingapo mpaka akakumana ndi wosankhidwa wake, pokhapokha atakhala m'malo opanda ana ndikubereka ana kumeneko.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti anthu akuluakulu omwe amakhala m'mabanja ena amakhala ndi kuteteza ana awo mtsogolo, pomwe mwana wamwamuna amatha kubweretsa wamkazi kuti akhale ndi moyo wokhala pawokha.

Pa chithunzicho, gibbon wokhala ndi manja oyera

Pali zambiri zokhudzana ndi zomwe zilipo ma giboni oyera okhala ndi manja oyera machitidwe okhwima tsiku ndi tsiku, omwe amatsatiridwa ndi pafupifupi nyani onse popanda kusiyapo. Kutacha, pakati pa maola 5-6 m'mawa, anyani amadzuka ndi kugona.

Atangokwera kumene, chitolirochi chimakhala pamalo okwera kwambiri kuti akumbutse ena onse kuti gawo ndilotanganidwa ndipo sayenera kuzunguliridwa. Pamenepo ndiye kuti gibbonyo imapanga chimbudzi cham'mawa, chodzikonzera tulo, kuyamba kuyenda mwachangu ndikukhala panthambi za mitengo.

Njirayi imakonda kupita ku mtengo wa zipatso, wosankhidwa kale ndi nyani, pomwe phalaphala limadya chakudya cham'mawa chambiri. Kudya kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, gibbon imasangalatsa zipatso zamtundu uliwonse. Kenako, pang'onopang'ono, phokoso limapita kumalo ake ena kuti akapumule.

Chithunzithunzi ndi gibbon wakuda

Pamenepo amakhala pamadzi, atagona osasunthika, amasangalala, amakondana komanso amakhala ndi moyo ambiri. Pokhala ndi kupumula kokwanira, gibbon imasamalira ukhondo wake, kuyipukusa, kupukusa pang'onopang'ono kuti ikadye chakudya chotsatira.

Nthawi yomweyo, nkhomaliro ili kale pamtengo wina - bwanji muzidya zomwezo ngati mukukhalanso nkhalango yamvula? Akasitomala amadziwa gawo lawo komanso malo ake owopsa. Maola angapo otsatira, anyaniwo amakumbukiranso zipatso zowoneka bwino, nadzaza m'mimba ndipo, lolemera, amapita kumalo ogona.

Monga lamulo, kupumula kwa tsiku limodzi ndi kudya kawiri kumatenga tsiku lonse la gibbon, kufikira chisa, kumakagona kukauza chigawo mwamphamvu yatsopano kuti gawo limakhala lopanda mantha komanso lamphamvu.

Kubala ndi kutalika kwa gibbon

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ma giboni ndi mabanja osakwatiwa omwe makolo amakhala ndi ana mpaka ana atakhala okonzeka kupanga mabanja awoawo. Popeza kuti kutha msinkhu kumachitika zaka 13 mpaka 6, banja nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi ana azaka zosiyanasiyana komanso makolo.

Nthawi zina amaphatikizidwa ndi anyani akale, omwe pazifukwa zina amakhala osungulumwa. Ma giboni ambiri, atataya wokondedwa wawo, sangakhalenso watsopano, chifukwa chake amakhala moyo wawo wonse popanda awiri. Nthawi zina iyi ndi nthawi yayitali, ma giboni amoyo mpaka zaka 25-30.

Oimira gulu limodzi amadziwana, kugona ndi kudya limodzi, kusamalirana. Kukula kwanyengo kumathandiza mayi kuyang'anira ana. Komanso, pa zitsanzo za akuluakulu, ana amaphunzira mkhalidwe woyenera. Mwana watsopano amapezeka mwa iwo zaka ziwiri zilizonse ziwiri. Atangobereka, amalunga mikono yake mchiuno cha amayi ake ndikugwiritsitsa mwamphamvu kwa iye.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa choyera

Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa ngakhale mwana ali m'manja mwake, wamkazi amasunthira chimodzimodzi - amatembenuka kwambiri ndikulumpha kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi kumtunda waukulu. Wamphongo amasamaliranso ana, koma nthawi zambiri nkhawa imeneyi imangoteteza ndi kuteteza madera. Ngakhale kuti ma giboni amakhala m'nkhalango zodzaza ndi nyama zomwe zimakalipira mkwiyo, zambiri zomwe zawonongeka ndi nyamazi zidachitidwa ndi anthu. Chiwerengero cha anyaniwa amachepetsa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malo okhala.

Kugwetsa nkhalango ndipo gibboni achoka m'malo omwe amakhala kuti akapeze zatsopano, zomwe sizophweka. Kuphatikiza apo, pakhalapo anthu ena omwe amakonda kusunga nyama zamtchirezi kunyumba. Mutha kugula gibbon m'mazamba apadera. Mtengo wa gibbon zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi zaka komanso mtundu wa munthu.

Habitat

Mpaka pano, dera lomwe amagawa nyama iyi ndi laling'ono kwambiri kuposa zaka zapitazo. Tsopano malo okhala gibbon amangokhala ku Southeast Asia kokha. Kugawidwa kwa ntchito za anthu kunayambitsa kutsika kwina m'gawo logawidwa. Nthawi zambiri gibbon imapezeka m'nkhalango zotentha komanso pamitengo yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa mapiri. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti anyaniwa sakhala m'mapiri pamtunda woposa makilomita awiri pamwamba pa nyanja.

Zochitika pabanja

Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundumitundu, ma giboni amadziwika bwino ndi kusapezeka kwa mchira komanso kutsogolo kwa kutsogolo. Chifukwa cha kutalika ndi mphamvu ya manja, nthumwi za banja lino zimatha kuyenda pakati pa nduwira za mitengo mwachangu kwambiri.

Mwachilengedwe, nyani wa Gibbon amapezeka ndi mitundu itatu - imvi, bulauni komanso yakuda. Kukula kwa anthu kumatsimikizira mgwirizano wake. Gibbons wocheperako pakutha msinkhu amafika theka la mita kutalika ndi kulemera mpaka kilogalamu 5. Zosiyanasiyana za subspecies zokulirapo zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 100 ndipo, motero, zimakhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu.

Moyo

Ntchito yayikulu kwambiri ya anyani imachitika masana. Ma giboni amasuntha mwachangu pakati pa korona wamitengo, nthawi zina amapanga kulumpha mpaka 3 mita. Chifukwa cha izi, kuthamanga kwa ma primates pakati pa nthambi zamitengo kumatha kufika makilomita 15 pa ola limodzi. Popeza amatha kumayenda mwachangu pamitengo, pomwe iwonso amapeza chakudya chofunikira, alibe chifukwa chotsikira pansi. Chifukwa chake, izi ndizosowa kwambiri. Koma izi zikachitika, zimawoneka zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa. Agiboni amayenda ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, pomwe kutsogolo kumakhala koyenera.

Nyama zazikuluzikulu ziwiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa limodzi zimakhala ndi ana awo m'gawolo, zomwe amaziona ngati zawo ndipo amaziteteza moopsa. M'mawa uliwonse, champhongo chimakwera pamwamba pa mtengo wamtali kwambiri ndikumakuwa, mokweza, m'mabande asayansi amatchedwa nyimbo. Ndi chizindikirochi, mwamunayo amadziwitsa mabanja ena kuti gawolo ndi lake ndi gulu lake. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza anyani amtundu wa gibbon opanda katundu kapena banja lawo. Nthawi zambiri, awa ndi anyamata achichepere omwe asiya anthu am'mudzi kuti akapeze mnzake wokhala naye moyo. Ndizachilendo kuti achinyamatawo asiya banjali osati kufuna kwawo, koma amatsogozedwa ndi mtsogoleri. Pambuyo pake, amatha kudutsa m'nkhalango zaka zingapo. Mpaka pomwe adzakumana ndi mkaziyo. Msonkhanowo utabwera, achinyamatawo amapeza gawo lomwe kulibe anthu ndipo amabzala ndi kulera ana awo kumeneko.

Kodi ma gibons amadya chiyani?

Nyani za mtundu wophunziridwa zimakonda kukhala panthambi za mitengo yayitali yotentha, amapeza chakudya kumeneko. Chaka chonse, agiboni amadya zipatso zamtundu wazipatso ndi mitengo. Kuphatikiza apo, amadya masamba ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timayambira mapuloteni.

Mosiyana ndi anyani ena akale, anyaniwa amakonda kwambiri chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, nyani akamatha kudya zipatso zosapsa, ndipo akakhwima yekha amakonda gibbons. Amasiya chipatso chosapsa panthambi, ndikupatsa mpata wakucha.

Momwe gibbon umaswana ndi kuchuluka kwake

Nyaniwa amapanga magulu awiriawiri. Nthawi yomweyo, achichepere amakhala m'banjamo ndi makolo awo mpaka atafika pa kutha. Nthawi zambiri zimayamba pofika chaka cha 10 cha moyo. Nthawi zina anthu achilendo achilendo amaphatikizira mabanja. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kusungulumwa. Pokhala atataya wokondedwa wawo, gibbon monga lamulo sapeza watsopano ndikukhalanso moyo wawo wonse. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimatenga nthawi yayitali, chifukwa nthawi yayitali ya mtunduwu wa mbewa ndi zaka 25. M'dera la gibbon, kusamalirana wina ndi mnzake kuli ponseponse. Anthu amatenga chakudya limodzi, kudya, ndipo kukula kwachichepere kumathandiza kuwongolera anthu ochepa kwambiri m'banjamo. Pa nyani wamkazi gibbon, kamwana watsopano amapezeka zaka zitatu zilizonse. Mwanayo akangobadwa, amagwira thupi la amayi ake ndi kumamamatira. Izi ndichifukwa choti, ngakhale mwana ali m'manja mwake, wamkazi amayenda mwachangu kudutsa mitengo, ndipo izi zimachitika motalika kwambiri. Amuna nawonso amasamalira ana, koma udindo wake ndikuteteza gawo la banja.

Kuteteza Magiboni M'thengo

Kupulikaku kwa Southeast Asia akuwopseza ma Gibboni ndi chiwonongeko chonse posachedwa.

Malinga ndi zomwe akatswiri asayansi anapeza, kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, kuchuluka kwa nyamazo kunakwana anthu 4 miliyoni. Koma pakadali pano, ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti chiwopsezo chakutha kwa mitundu yambiri ya anyani. Kudula mitengo pafupipafupi komanso kwakukulu kumathandizira kuti anthu osachepera chikwi asamuke chaka chilichonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha mitunduyi chisachoke. Magulu monga Kloss's Gibbon ali kale pafupi kuti awonongeke. Yakwana nthawi yoti anthu azidandaula ndi izi!

Kuti tisunge nyama zodabwitsa, ndikofunikira, choyamba, kuti muteteze malo omwe gibbons imakhala kuti izitula mitengo ndi kuba. Nyambazi ndi anthu okhala m'nkhalango zokha, omwe sizivulaza anthu. Sonyamula matenda ndi majeremusi, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyandikana nawo bwino. Mwachitsanzo, ku Indonesia, ma giboni amalemekezedwa kwambiri ngati mizimu ya m'nkhalango chifukwa chofanana ndi anthu komanso chifukwa chanzeru kwambiri. Kusaka anyaniwa ndi zoletsedwa mdziko muno. Komabe, kumadera ena ku Southeast Asia, ma giboni amapitilizabe kufa chifukwa cha zochitika za anthu.

Kodi ma gibons amawoneka bwanji?

M'matumba, miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyifupi kwambiri kuposa kutsogolo. Mikono italiitali imalola kuti anyaniwa azikwera mwachangu nthambi zamitengo. Zala zakumaso zili patali kwambiri ndi zala zina, motero zimawonetsa chidwi. Nyani zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi akuthothoka mufupi ndi maso akulu. Nyani za banja ili ali ndi zikwama zapakhosi zopangidwa mwaluso, motero amakhoza kulira kwambiri.

Miyeso ya thupi la gibbon imasiyana pakati pa masentimita 48-92. Oimira banja amalemera kuchokera pa kilogalamu 5 mpaka 13.

Gibbon wakuda wokhala ndi zida (Hylobates agilis).

Ubweya ndi wandiweyani. Colouring imatha kukhala yofiirira kapena yofiirira. M'mafoni ena, mtundu umatha kukhala woyera, kapena, wakuda. Koma ma giboni okhala ndi ubweya wakuda kapena wowala sasowa kwambiri. Kuwona gibbon yoyera ndikovuta kwambiri. Nyaniwa ali ndi chimanga cha sayansi.

Kufalikira kwa ma giboni padziko lapansi

A Gibbons amakhala kumadera akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, m'malo okhala nkhalango zotentha kuchokera ku Indonesia kupita ku India. Kumpoto kwa malo, ma giboni amakhala m'malo achichepere a China. Amapezekanso kuzilumba za Borneo, Sumatra ndi Java.

Gibbon wakhanda wokhala ndi zida zoyera (Hylobates lar).

Nyimbo za Gibbons. Chifukwa chiyani akuyimba?

Mwa anyani ena, ma giboni ndi otchuka makamaka chifukwa cha kulira kwawo, kapena nyimbo. Mwina iyi ndi imodzi mwazodabwitsa komanso zosamveka zomwe zimamveka m'nkhalango zotentha za Asia. Nthawi yomweyo, kuyimba kumayambitsidwa kwa ma kilomita angapo.

Kuyimba kwamphongo kamodzi kumamveka kwambiri dzuwa lisanatuluke. Matendawa amayambira ndi nyimbo zingapo zosavuta kusintha zomwe zimakula pang'onopang'ono kukhala mawu omveka kwambiri. Nyimboyo imatha ndi mbandakucha. Pa gibbon yachangu, mwachitsanzo, gawo lomaliza la aria limatalikiranso kuposa gawo loyamba ndipo lili ndi zolemba zowirikiza kawiri. Kulira komaliza kwa Kloss's Gibbon kumatchedwa "nyimbo yayikulu."

Akazi nthawi zambiri amayamba kuyimba m'mawa. Nyimbo yawo ndi yofupikitsa komanso yosasintha. Amangobwereza bwereza zomwezo mobwerezabwereza. Koma ngakhale akubwereza, akupitilizabe. Nyimbo yomwe imatchedwa "nyimbo yabwino" yaimayi imatenga masekondi 7 mpaka 30.

Mwina nyimbo yolimbikitsa kwambiri ya Kloss Gibbon yachikazi, yomwe imatchulidwa kuti "ndi nyimbo zabwino kwambiri zomwe nyama yamtchire imatha kupanga."

Ngakhale nyimbo za abambo ndizosiyanasiyana, nyimbo imapangidwa nthawi zonse pakiyi. Akazi ndi "mimbulu yeniyeni" yoyerekeza amuna.

A Gibbons amayimbanso masana, ndikusankha mtengo wamtali womwe wosewera wosewera, kuphatikizapo, pakati pazinthu zina, akugwadira nthambi. Panthawi ya "kusewera", nyimbo ikafika pachimake ndi nyimbo ya "nyimbo yayikulu" yachikazi, nthambi zowuma zimasweka ndikugwa.

Chifukwa chiyani ma giboni amayimba? Amachita izi pazolinga zosiyanasiyana. Choyamba, kudziwitsani mamembala ena a gulu lakomwe kuli.

Zinali kuti amuna a gibbons amayimba kuti ateteze gawo lawolo la atsikana awo, koma tsopano akatswiri ambiri azowona zinyama akukhulupirira kuti cholinga chachikulu choimbira ndikuteteza bwenzi lawo ku zisankho za amuna amphongo.

Amuna amatha kuyimba pafupipafupi, masiku onse a 2-4, pakakhala amuna ambiri osungulumwa pozungulira, ndipo pomwe kuchuluka kwawo kuli kochepa, sangathe kuyimba konse. Mwakumvetsera kuyimba, ma bachelor amatha kuyang'ana momwe omenyera “akwawo” alili, ndipo chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kuteteza abwenzi.

Maluso a nyimbo za akazi zimadalira kuchuluka kwaomwe oyandikana nawo amalowa m'chigawo chake ndikubera zipatso. Ndi repertoire wake, amadziwitsa omwe amapikisana nawo zakudya za kukhalapo kwake ndipo sakufuna kuwawona patsamba lake. Nthawi zambiri amayamba nyimbo zawo pakatha masiku awiri ndi atatu. Ngati pali abale ambiri kuzungulira, azimayi amatha kumaimba tsiku lililonse.

M'malo ambiri, amuna amayimba limodzi ndi akazi mgulu lomwe limadyerera zinthu zomwezo: mawu oyambira, omwe abambo, akazi ndi achinyamata "amawotha", amasinthana kulira kwa amuna ndi akazi (akagwirizana mbali zawo), " nyimbo yayikulu "zachikazi ndi code yomaliza.

Mlingo wa kulumikizana komanso mgwirizano pakati pa okwatirana umawonjezera pakapita nthawi, kotero mtundu wa duet ukhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha nthawi yayitali ya kukhalapo kwa banja.

Akatswiri ena amati kulimbitsa thupi kumalimbikitsa kulumikizana ndikuthandizira kulumikizana.

Tsopano ndizovomerezeka kuti mabanja amachita zoyenera zawo m'malo omwe anthu amabwera kudzakumana. Chifukwa chake, eni ake amagawa ufulu wawo m'gawo lino. Kuchirikiza chachikazi uku akuyimba, mwamunayo amauza anansi ake za kupezeka kwake m'gawo lake, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha kusamvana.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Ma giboni ali m'gulu la nyama zomwe zimayamwa; zolengedwa zoyamwitsa, dongosolo la anyani, ndi gulu lochepa la Gibbon zimagawidwa mkalasi. Mpaka pano, komwe magiyoni amayambira amaphunziridwa pang'ono ndi asayansi poyerekeza ndi chiyambi ndi mitundu ina ya anyani.

Zinthu zakale zomwe zapezeka zimawonetsa kuti zinalipo kale mu Pliocene. Wakale wakale wa gibbon amakono anali yuanmopithecus, omwe analiko kumwera kwa China pafupifupi zaka miliyoni miliyoni zapitazo. Ndi makolo awa amaphatikizidwa chifukwa cha maonekedwe ndi moyo wawo. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mawonekedwe a nsagwada sanasinthebe kwambiri m'mayikidwe amakono.

Kanema: Gibbon

Palinso mtundu wina wazomwe zimayambira gibbons - kuchokera plyobates. Awa ndi akale akale omwe adalipo ku dera lamakono la Europe pafupifupi zaka 11-11,5 miliyoni zapitazo. Asayansi anatha kudziwa zotsalira zakale za Plyobates wakale.

Anali ndi mawonekedwe achimake, makamaka chigaza. Amakhala ndi bokosi lalikulu kwambiri, lotopetsa, komanso lolembetsa ubongo. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mbali yakutsogolo ndiying'ono kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe akulu owoneka ndi maso. Ngakhale kuti cranium ndi yochulukirapo, chipinda chaubongo ndizochepa, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti ubongo unali wocheperako. Plyobates, komanso gibbons, anali ndi miyendo yayitali kwambiri.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Kodi gibbon imawoneka bwanji?

Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumayambira masentimita 40 mpaka 100. Mu nyama, dimorphism imatchulidwa. Akazi ndi ochepa ndipo amakhala ndi thupi lotsika kuposa amuna. Kulemera kwa thupi kuyambira 4.5 mpaka 12.5 kilogalamu.

Ma giboni amadziwika ndi chochepa thupi, wowonda, komanso thupi. Akatswiri a zaumoyo amati mitundu ya anyaniyi imafanana kwambiri ndi anthu. Alinso ndi momwe anthu ali ndi mano 32 ndi mawonekedwe ofanana nsagwada. Amakhala ndi mautali abwinobwino kwambiri.

Chochititsa chidwi: Primates ali ndi mitundu yamagazi - 2, 3, 4, monga mwa anthu. Kusiyanako kukugona pakusowa gulu loyamba.

Mutu wa gibbons ndi wocheperako komanso mbali yakutsogolo kwambiri. M'mapulogalamu, mphuno zimayandikana, komanso ndimaso akuda, maso akulu komanso pakamwa lalikulu. Thupi la anyaniwo limakutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda. Tsitsi kulibe m'dera la kutsogolo kwa mutu, manja, miyendo komanso gawo la sayansi. Khungu la onse oimira banja ili, mosatengera mitundu, ndi lakuda. Mtundu wa chovalachi umakhala mosiyanasiyana m'mabanja osiyanasiyana. Itha kukhala yokhala monophonic, nthawi zambiri imakhala yamdima, kapena yokhala ndi malo opepuka m'malo osiyana a thupi. Pali oimira ma subspecies ena omwe, kupatula, ubweya wopepuka amapambana.

Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi miyendo ya anyani. Ali ndi kuwongolera kwakutali modabwitsa. Kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi kawiri konse ngati miyendo yakumbuyo. Motere, ma giboni amatha kupuma kutsogolo kwawo akangoima kapena kusuntha. Miyendo yakutsogolo imagwira ntchito ya manja. Ma kanjedza ndizitali kwambiri komanso m'malo ochepa. Ali ndi zala zisanu, chala choyamba chimafikiridwa mbali.

Kodi gibbon amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Gibbon m'chilengedwe

Oimira osiyanasiyana amtunduwu ali ndi malo osiyana:

Ziphuphu zimatha kumva bwino m'malo alionse. Anthu ambiri amakhala m'malo obiriwira mvula. Nditha kukhala m'nkhalango zowuma. Mabanja a anyaniwa amakhala m'mapiri, m'mapiri kapena m'mapiri. Pali anthu omwe amatha kukwera mpaka mamita 2000 pamwamba pamadzi.

Banja lililonse la anyani limakhala m'gawo linalake. Dera lokhalidwa ndi banja limodzi limatha kufikira ma kilomita 200. Tsoka ilo, magonedwe asanakhaleko anali ofala kwambiri. Masiku ano, akatswiri odziwa zachilengedwe amazindikira kupendekera kwapachaka kwa malo anyani. Chofunikira kuti mbewe zizigwira bwino ntchito yake ndi kukhalapo kwa mitengo yayitali.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe gibbon imakhala. Tiwone zomwe amadya.

Kodi gibbon amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Monkey Gibbon

Ma giboni amatha kutchedwa kuti omnivorous, chifukwa amadya chakudya chazomera komanso nyama. Amasanthula mosamala gawo lomwe anthu amakhala kuti ali ndi chakudya chabwino. Chifukwa choti amakhala m'makutu a nkhalango zobiriwira, amatha kudzipatsa chakudya chaka chonse. M'malo otere, anyani amatha kupeza chakudya chawo pafupifupi chaka chonse.

Kuphatikiza pa zipatso ndi zipatso zakupsa, nyama zimafunikira gwero lamapuloteni - chakudya cha nyama. Monga chakudya choyambira nyama, ma giboni amadya mphutsi, tizilombo, kachilomboka, etc. Nthawi zina, amatha kudya mazira okhala ndi mbewa, omwe amapanga zisa zawo m'makona a mitengo yomwe anyaniwa amakhala.

Akuluakulu amapita kukafunafuna chakudya m'mawa kutacha kuchimbudzi. Samangodya zobiriwira zobiriwira zobiriwira kapena kusankha zipatso, amazisanja mosamala. Ngati chipatsochi sichinakhwime, ma gibboni amawasiya pamtengowo, nachipangitsa kuti chipse ndikudzaza ndi msuzi. Zipatso ndi masamba a nyanizi zimatulidwa ndi kutsogolo, ngati manja.

Pafupifupi, pafupifupi maola 3-4 patsiku amaperekedwa kuti azisaka ndi kudya chakudya. Nyani samakonda kusankha zipatso zokha, komanso kutafuna chakudya. Pafupifupi, munthu m'modzi wamkulu amafunika pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 3-4 a chakudya patsiku.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Ma Giboni ndi anyani akale. Usiku, nthawi zambiri amapuma, atagona pansi pamakona a mitengo ndi banja lonse.

Chochititsa chidwi: Nyama zimakhala ndi mtundu winawake watsiku ndi tsiku. Amatha kugawa nthawi yawo mwanjira yoti imagwera chakudya, kupuma, kukonza ubweya wa wina ndi mnzake, kubala ana ena, etc.

Mtundu wamtunduwu ungatchulidwe nkhuni. Samakonda kuyenda padziko lapansi. Kutsogolo kumatsogolera kutsogolo kwa nyumbayo kuti ikulowerere kwambiri. Kutalika kwa kudumpha kotereku kumafikira mamita atatu kapena kupitilira. Chifukwa chake, kuthamanga kwa anyaniwa ndi ma kilomita 14-16 pa ola limodzi.

Banja lililonse limakhala m'gawo linalake, lomwe limasungidwa ndi ziwalo zake. Kutacha, ma gibboni amakwera pamtengo ndikuimba nyimbo zopyoza kwambiri, zomwe ndi chizindikiro chakuti gawo lino lakhala kale, ndipo siliyenera kulowerera. Atanyamula, nyamazo zimadziyika zadongosolo, zimasamba machitidwe osamba.

Kupatula zosowa zochepa, anthu osakwatirana amatha kutenga banja, lomwe pazifukwa zina linataya theka lachiwiri, ndipo ana okhwima mwakugonana amapatukana ndikupanga mabanja awoawo. Nthawi ngati izi, atangoyamba kumene kutha, achinyamata sanasiye banja, m'badwo wachikulire umawathamangitsa mwamphamvu. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti makolo ambiri achikulire amakhala m'malo otetezedwa omwe ana awo amakhazikika, amapanga mabanja.

Pambuyo poti anyani akhuta, amasangalala kupita kutchuthi kupita ku zisa zawo zomwe amakonda. Mmenemo amatha kugona osasunthika kwa maola ambiri, kugona pansi padzuwa. Atatha kudya ndi kupuma, nyama zimayamba kuyeretsa ubweya wawo, womwe umakhala nthawi yayitali.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Gibbon Cub

Mwachilengedwe, ma giboni ndi oopsa. Ndipo ndizofala kupanga mabanja ndi kukhala m'moyo wawo ambiri. Amawerengedwa ngati makolo osamala komanso olemekeza komanso kulera ana awo mpaka atatha msinkhu, ndipo sanakonzekere kupangira banja lawo lomwe.

Chifukwa chakuti ma gibboni amafikira kutha msinkhu pazaka zapakati pa zisanu ndi zinayi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, mabanja awo amakhala ndi amuna ndi akazi osiyana siyana. Nthawi zina, nyani wachikulire, yemwe pazifukwa zina adatsala yekha, atha kulowa nawo mabanja.

Chosangalatsa: Nthawi zambiri, anyani akale amakhala osungulumwa chifukwa chakuti pazifukwa zina amataya anzawo, ndipo mtsogolomo sangathenso kupanga watsopano.

Nthawi yakukhwima siyikukonzedwa ku nthawi yachaka. Wamphongo, akafika zaka za pakati pa 7 ndi 7, amasankha mzimayi yemwe amasankha ku banja lina, ndikuyamba kuwonetsa chidwi kwa iye. Ngati amumveranso chisoni, ndipo ali wokonzeka kubereka, amapanga banja.

M'magulu awiriwiri opangidwa, zaka ziwiri zilizonse kapena zitatu, kubadwa mwana mmodzi. Nthawi ya bere imatha pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. Nthawi yodyetsa ana mkaka wa m'mawere imapitilira mpaka zaka ziwiri. Kenako pang'onopang'ono ana amaphunzira kudzipezera okha chakudya.

Amapiri ndi makolo osamala kwambiri. Kulera ana kumathandiza makolo kusamalira ana awo obadwa mpaka atakhala odziyimira pawokha. Atangobereka, makanda amamamatira kutsitsi la amayiwo ndikusunthira m'mitengo ya mitengo nayo. Makolo amalankhulana ndi ana awo kudzera pamawu omvera komanso owoneka. Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi ma gibbons ndi kuyambira zaka 24 mpaka 30.

Adani achilengedwe a gibbon

Chithunzi: Gibbon Wakale

Ngakhale kuti ma giboni ndi ochenjera komanso othamanga nyama, ndipo mwachilengedwe amapatsidwa kuthekera kokweza nsonga za mitengo yayitali, koma alibe mdani. Anthu ena omwe akukhala kumalo achilengedwe omwe anyaniwa amawapha chifukwa cha nyama kapena kuti apangitse ana awo kubereka. Chaka chilichonse, kuchuluka kwa ozunza omwe amagwira ana a Gibbon kukukulira.

Chifukwa china chachikulu chakuchepa kwa nyama ndicho kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe. Madera akuluakulu a nkhalango zamvula amadulidwa kuti abzalidwe, malo olimapo, ndi zina zambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, nyama zimataya nyumba ndi chakudya. Kuphatikiza pa zonsezi, ma giboni amakhala ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe.

Omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndi ana komanso ngati anthu okalamba amadwala. Nthawi zambiri anyani amatha kuzunzidwa ndi akangaude owopsa ndi njoka kapena njoka, zomwe zimakhala zazikulu m'malo ena oyamba. M'madera ena, zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa ma gibbons ndizosintha kwakukuru mu nyengo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Kodi gibbon imawoneka bwanji?

Mpaka pano, ambiri mwaabanjawa amakhala m'magawo okhala zachilengedwe mokwanira. Komabe, gibbons ku Belorussia amawonedwa kuti ali pafupi kutha. Izi ndichifukwa choti nyama ya nyamazi amadyedwa m'maiko ambiri. Nthawi zambiri ma giboni amakhala ngati agwidwa ndi adani akuluakulu komanso achikulire.

Mafuko ambiri omwe akukhala kudera la Africa amaligwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zam'magazi monga zida zopangira, pamaziko omwe mankhwala osiyanasiyana amapangidwira. Makamaka pachimake ndi funso loti lisungitse kuchuluka kwa nyama izi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia.

Mu 1975, akatswiri a zachilengedwe adalemba nyama izi. Panthawiyo, chiwerengero chawo chinali pafupifupi 4 miliyoni. Kudula mitengo kwa nkhalango zachilengedwe zotentha kumabweretsa kuti chaka chilichonse anthu opitilira 3,000 amawonongedwa nyumba ndi chakudya. Pankhaniyi, ngakhale masiku ano akatswiri a zojambula zamadzimadzi amati mitundu inayi yamapulogalamuyi amadetsa nkhawa chifukwa cha kuchuluka komweko. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi ntchito za anthu.

Alonda a Gibbon

Chithunzi: Gibbon kuchokera ku Red Book

Chifukwa choti kuchuluka kwa mitundu ina ya ma gibboni atatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa, alembedwa mu Red Book, apatsidwa ulemu wokhala "chinyama chotsirizika, kapena chinyama chomwe chikuopsezedwa kuti chitha."
Mitundu yazakale yomwe yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira

• Ziphuphu zaku Belorussia
• Kloss Gibbon,
• giboni wa siliva,
• giboni wokhala ndi zida za sulufule.

Bungwe la International Association for the Protection of Animal likupanga njira zingapo zomwe, m'malingaliro awo, zithandizira kukonza ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa anthu. M'malo ambiri okhalamo nyama izi ndizoletsedwa kudula mitengo.

Oimira ambiri omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutengedwa amapititsidwa kumalo osungirako zachilengedwe ndi malo osungirako nyama, komwe akatswiri azinyama amayesera kupanga malo abwino kwambiri komanso ovomerezeka kukhalapo kwa anyani. Komabe, zovuta zimakhala kuti ma giboni amasamala kwambiri posankha abwenzi. M'machitidwe opangidwa mwaluso, nthawi zambiri amanyalanyazirana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kubereka kubevutike kwambiri.

M'mayiko ena, makamaka ku Indonesia, ma giboni amaonedwa kuti ndi nyama zopambana zomwe zimabweretsa zabwino ndikuwonetsa kupambana. Anthu akumderalo amasamala kwambiri nyamazo ndipo m'njira iliyonse angathe kuyesetsa kuti asasokoneze.

Gibbon - nyama yanzeru komanso yokongola. Ndiwopereka zitsanzo zabwino komanso makolo. Komabe, chifukwa cha zolakwa za anthu, mitundu ina ya ma giboni yatsala pang'ono kutha. Masiku ano, anthu akuyesetsa kuchita zinthu zingapo poyesa kupulumutsa anyani amenewa.

Kufotokozera

Ma giboni ndi anyani akale. Ndizodziwikiratu kuti kutsogolo kwawo ndizitali kwambiri kuposa miyendo yawo yakumbuyo. Izi zimawalola kuyendayenda mothandizidwa ndi brachiation, yomwe ndi njira yapadera yoyendera nyama zamtchire, momwe amawombera m'manja, ndikudumpha kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi. M'magiboni, chala chimazunguliridwa kuchokera kutali kwambiri kuposa anthu, chifukwa amatha kunyamula nthambi zanthete. Ubweya wonenepa Gibbon ndi wakuda, imvi kapena bulauni. Tizilombo tachifupi tili ndi maso akulu otambalala. Mphuno, mosiyana ndi miyambo ina ya Dziko Lakale, imadzipatula. Fomula ya dzino ndi yodziwika bwino kwa ma hominids. Mitundu ina ya gibbon imakhala ndi maseksi am'mero ​​omwe amakhala othandizira pakulira mofuula. Kukula kwa gibbon kuchokera pa 45 mpaka 90 cm, kulemera kwawo kuyambira 4 mpaka 13 kg. Mtundu wawukulu kwambiri komanso wolemera kwambiri ndi mtundu wa siamang. Ngakhale ma gibboni amakonda kufulumira pafupi ndi ma homein, ali ndi zizindikiritso zomwe zimawabweretsa pafupi ndi anyani ocheperako komanso amphongo (nyani): ubongo wawung'ono, kupezeka kwa chimanga cha sayansi komanso mawonekedwe a zida zapamwamba.

Khalidwe

Dzina lachi Latin Hylobatidae amatanthauza "okhalamo mitengo", kuwonetsera malo okhala ma giboni omwe amapezeka okha munkhalango. Chifukwa cha manja awo ataliitali ndi zithupsa zake, zomwe ndizotsika kwambiri kuposa anyani ena, amatha kusinthika ndi moyo pamitengo, makamaka pakuyenda kwa brachyatic. Amagwirana ndi manja, amapanga kulumpha kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi, kuthana ndi kudumpha kumodzi pafupifupi mita atatu, ndipo potero amayenda kuthamanga kwa 16 km / h. Pansipa, ma giboni amayenda ndi mapazi awo, ndikukweza manja awo kuti akhale bwino. Amagwira makamaka masana.

Agiboni amakhala mokhazikika.Maanja ndi ana awo amakhala m'magulu awo (kuchokera mahekitala 12 mpaka 40), omwe amateteza kwa alendo achilendo. Zoti gawo limakhala, amatuluka m'mawa kuchokera pamitengo yayitali kwambiri ndi nyimbo zaphokoso, ndipo zimafalikira modutsa makilomita atatu (pafupi ndi siamang). Nthawi zina anthu okhala okha amapezekanso - awa, monga lamulo, achibale achichepere omwe asiya makolo awo posachedwa. Pofunafuna mnzawo, anawo amasiya makolo awo pawokha kapena amakakamizidwa ndi mphamvu. Kusaka kwa bwenzi kumatha zaka zingapo. Mwa mitundu ina, makolo amathandiza ana awo “posungira” ufulu wawo.

Carpenter wa Zowonera wa zinthu zakale amawonera momwe tsiku lililonse gibbon yoyang'anira zida zoyera:

• 5: 30-6: 30 - nthawi yomwe gibbon imadzuka,
• 6: 00–8: 00 - panthawiyi, giboni amalira kuti amudziwitse zomwe zili pafupi ndi zomwe ali nazo, kenako amadzisamalira yekha ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi m'mawa, kenako ndikudumpha kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi.
• 8: 00-9: 00 - amapita ku "chipinda chodyera" - mtengo womwe umadya zipatso,
• 9: 00–11: 00 - kudya,
• 11: 00–11: 30 - njira yopita kumalo ampumulo wamadzulo,
• 11: 30-15: 00 - Kupuma masana popanda kusuntha konse, kenako kutsuka ubweya,
• 15: 00 - 17: 00 - kudya m'malo osiyana ndi woyamba,
• 17:00 - 19:00 - njira yopita kumalo ogona,
• 18:00 ndipo dzuwa lisanalowe - kukonzekera kama,
• 18: 30–5: 30 - loto.

Mverani mawu a gibbon

Mitundu yonseyi ya anyani ndi nyama zakutchire ndi chikhalidwe chawo, ndipo zikhalidwe zawo nzofanana. Nyani akakhala ndi katundu, amadzawauza anyani ena akulira kwambiri komwe kumamveka mtunda wa makilomita angapo.

Ma Giboni samanga zisa kuti azisangalala, umu ndi momwe amasiyana ndi anyani akuluakulu anyama. Banja ili lilibe michira.

Izi ndi nyama zachangu zomwe zimayenda mwanzeru pamakona a mitengo. Kudumpha kuchokera kunthambi kupita ku nthambi, iwo amadutsa mtunda wa mamita 15. Amatha kuyenda motere pamtunda wofika makilomita 55 pa ola limodzi.

Agiboni ndi herbivores.

Agiboni amatha kudumpha kuchokera pamalo mpaka kutalika kwa mita 8. Nyani izi zimayenda bwino pamiyendo iwiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakhala imodzi mwa anyani othamanga kwambiri omwe amakhala m'makona amitengo.

Popeza ma giboni amayenda mwachangu limodzi ndi nthambi, mathithi sitha. Akatswiri amati nyani iliyonse yathyoka mafupa kangapo m'moyo wake.

Akuluakulu agiboni amakhala awiriawiri, ndipo amakhalabe achinyamata mpaka azaka 8. Pambuyo pake, achichepere ndi amuna achichepere amasiya banja ndikukakhala lokha kwakanthawi mpaka atapeza wosankhidwa kapena wosankhidwa. Ziphuphu zimatha kutenga zaka pafupifupi ziwiri kuti zitheke.

Agiboni ndi nyama zomwe zimakhazikika mdziko lapansi.

Nthawi zambiri makolo amathandiza ana awo achichepere kusankha malo abwino okhala. Mukakhala ndi gawo lanu, zimakhala zosavuta kupeza mnzanu.

Zakudya za ma gibboni makamaka zimakhala ndi zakudya za masamba: masamba ndi zipatso. Koma anyaniwa amadyanso tizilombo, mazira, ndi tating'ono tating'ono.

Gulu

Ma Giboni amapanga taxon yokhudzana ndi nyumba. Kupatukana kwawo, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa mitochondrial DNA, kunachitika zaka 15 miliyoni mpaka 20 miliyoni zapitazo. Gibbon agawidwa m'mitundu inayi, yomwe ndi mitundu 16.

Chifundo Nomascus olekanitsidwa ndi mitundu ina ya gibbons zaka 8 miliyoni zapitazo. Kubala mwana Symphalangus ndi Zophatikiza Malita 7 miliyoni adagulitsidwa. n Muli mitundu ya mitundu Mafuta a ma pileatus olekanitsidwa ndi H. lar ndi H. agilis CHABWINO. Malita 3,9 miliyoni pa H. lar ndi H. agilis wobalalika pafupifupi. Zaka 3,3 miliyoni zapitazo. Zamoyo zachilengedwe ku Middle Pleistocene Bunopithecus sericus zogwirizana kwambiri ndi jenda Hoolock .

Ku mtundu wina kuphatikiza mitunduyo Junzi imperialis kuchokera kumanda a Ms. Xia (agogo a mfumu yoyamba ya mgwirizano waku China, Qin Shihuandi), koma DNA ya zotsalazo siunafufuzidwebe.

Mitundu, mawonekedwe akunja ndi malo okhala gibbons

Ma Gibbon ali a anyani ang'onoang'ono a humanoid: kutalika kwa matupi awo, kutengera mtunduwo, ndi masentimita 45-65, kulemera kwakukulu kumakhala kuyambira 5.5 mpaka 6.8 kg. Mitundu yokhayo monga siamang imakhala ndi kukula kokulirapo: kutalika kwake kumatha kufika 90 cm, ndipo kukula kwake kumatha kufika 10,5 kg.

Mosiyana ndi anyani akuluakulu, omwe amadziwika ndi kukula kwa thupi pakukula kwa thupi, zazimuna ndi zazimuna gibbons kwenikweni sizimasiyana.

Agiboni ndi nyani wowonda komanso wachisomo wokhala ndi manja ndi miyendo yayitali. Amphamba onse akuluakulu amakhala ndi mikono yayitali komanso yolumikizira mafoni, koma ngwazi zathu zokha ndi manja omwe amachita gawo lofunikira kwambiri kupita patsogolo. Nyani zimasunthira kumbuyo miyendo yakumbuyo ngati, mwachitsanzo, nthambi yake ndiyakhungu kwambiri kuti ikangamira. Momwemonso, zimayenda pansi.

Ma Gibbon amadziwika ndi njira yodabwitsa yosunthira, yotchedwa brachiation, ndi thupi yowongoka - zida zofunikira pakuyimitsidwa kwawo kwapadera panthambi.

Ubweya wa anyaniwa ndi wandiweyani. Utoto wake, makamaka pankhope, zimapangitsa kuti zizivuta kusiyanitsa mitundu, ndipo nthawi zina zimasankha kugonana. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi zikwama zamutu zopangidwa bwino, zomwe zimathandizira kuwonjezera mawu. Mwa kulira kwa akazi akuluakulu, mitundu ya gibbons imathanso kuzindikiridwa molondola kwambiri.

A Gibbons amakhala makamaka ku Southeast Asia. Amapezeka kuchokera kum'mawa kwenikweni kwa India kupita kumwera kwa China, kumwera mpaka ku Bangladesh, Burma, Indochina, Malawi Peninsula, Sumatra, Java ndi Kalimantan.

Pazonse, mitundu 13 ya ma giboni amadziwika mpaka pano. Dziwani zina zapansi pafupi.

Gibbon wakuda amakhala kumpoto kwa Vietnam, ku China ndi Laos.

Chovala chomwe chimakhala mwa amuna chimakhala chakuda ndi masaya oyera, achikasu kapena ofiira, mwa akazi mtundu wake ndiwotuwa kapena wachikaso, nthawi zina wokhala ndi zikaso zakuda. Achinyamata ndi oyera.

Pa chithunzichi: gibbons wakuda wowoneka-wachitsanzo cha kusala kwamtundu wakuda pakhungu la ubweya. Wamphongo amakhala ndi ubweya wakuda wokhala ndi masaya oyera. Chovala chachikazi chimavalidwa utoto lagolide.

Amuna akung'ung'udza, amaliza kulira komanso amanunkha, akazi amapanga mawu okweza kapena amalira. Mtundu uliwonse wamawu umakhala masekondi 10.

Siamang amakhala pachilumba cha Malacca komanso pachilumba cha Sumatra.

Chovala cha amuna komanso chachikazi komanso achinyamata ndi chakuda; khosi lakhosalo ndi la imvi kapena la pinki.

Amuna kufinya, zazikazi zimapanga phokoso lokhazikika, mndandanda uliwonse umakhala pafupifupi masekondi 18.

Hulok (beaver-gibbon) umapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India.

Amphongo amakhala ndi tsitsi lakuda, akazi amakhala agolide ndi masaya amdima, amuna ndi akazi amakhala ndi nsidze zopepuka. Achinyamata ndi oyera.

Amuna amalira mofuula, amalira mokweza, kulira kwa akazi ndi ofanana, koma m'mawu ochepa.

Kalulu (Kloss gibbon) amakhala kuzilumba za Mentawai komanso kumadzulo kwa Sumatra.

Chovalacho ndi chonyezimira chakuda amuna, akazi ndi achinyamata (mitundu yokhayo yokhala ndi mtundu womwewo).

Amphwayi akubangula, amagwedeza mwamphamvu, kapena kulira, mawu amakula pang'onopang'ono mu akazi, kenako amachepetsa, kulira kwawo kumakhala kukugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kung'ung'udza komanso kugwedezeka. Kutalika kwa mndandanda uliwonse ndi masekondi 30-45.

Giboni wa siliva yopezeka kumadzulo kwa Java.

Chovalacho ndi chaimvi m'mabambo, akazi ndi achinyamata, kapu ndi chifuwa zimakhala zakuda.

Wamphongo amapanga ziboda zazing'ono, zazikazi - zimamveka ngati kung'ung'udza.

Mofulumira (wopanda zida) wakuda amapezeka m'malo ambiri a Sumatra, ku Malacca Peninsula, pachilumba cha Kalimantan.

Mtundu umasinthasintha, koma pagulu lililonse ndiwofanana m'magulu onse awiri: bulawuni wopepuka wokhala ndi golide wofiirira, bulauni, bulauni kapena wakuda. Amuna amakhala ndi masaya oyera ndi nsidze, zazikazi zimakhala zofiirira.

Amuna amapanga hoot yamagawo awiri, zazikazi zimakhala ndi zofupikitsa, mawu amamveka pang'onopang'ono kamvekedwe kake mpaka atakafika patali.

Lar kapena gibbon wokhala ndi mutu woyera amakhala Thailand, Malacca Peninsula, Sumatra.

Mtundu umasiyana, koma amuna ndi akazi onse mdera lililonse. Ku Thailand, mwachitsanzo, ndi yakuda kapena yofiirira, mphete ya nkhope, mikono ndi miyendo ndiyoyera. Ku Malaysia, anthu ofiira kapena achikuda achikuda amakhala ku Sumatra, mtundu wa ubweya wa Gibbon umayambira ku bulauni mpaka pamtambo wakuda kapena wachikaso.

Mawu akuti repertoire ndi chinthu chosavuta chanjenjemera.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

A Gibbons adazolowera kukhala pamakona a mitengo yamvula yobiriwira nthawi zonse. Pano nthawi iliyonse pachaka mungapeze mitundu yazipatso zamitengo ndi mitengo, kuti anyaniwa amapatsidwa zipatso zomwe amakonda chaka chonse. Kuphatikiza pa zipatso zambiri, amadya masamba, komanso ma invertebrates - gwero lalikulu la mapuloteni a nyama kwa iwo.

Mosiyana ndi anyani, omwe nthawi zambiri amadya m'magulu akulu ndipo amatha kupukusa zipatso zosapsa, ma giboni amasankha zipatso zokhwima zokha. Tisanadule ngakhale chipatso chaching'ono, nyani nthawi zonse amafufuza kuti akhwime, kufinya pakati pa chala chachikulu. Chipatso chosapsa cha primvit chimasiyidwa pamtengo kuti chipatse mwayi kuti zipse.

Akapolo akuluakulu

Banja ili limaphatikiza nyani wopanga bwino, womwe amakhala ndi zazikulu zazikulu, mchira wovuta komanso kutsogolo kwa kutsogolo. Ziphuphu za sayansi ndi ma buccal sac palibe, ndipo ubongo umapangidwa modabwitsa. Alinso ndi ndondomeko ya cecum.

Mudzakhala ndi chidwi: Kangaroo - iyi. Kufotokozera, malo, mitundu, mawonekedwe, chithunzi

Banja ili ndi mitundu itatu ya anyani amitundu itatu: gorilla, orangutan ndi chimpanzee.

Gorilla imakula kwambiri, kutalika kwa kutsogolo kwa kutsogolo ndi makutu ang'ono, komanso miyendo 13 ya nthiti. Imapezeka m'nkhalango zowirira za ku Africa.

Orangutan amadziwika ndi nsagwada zazitali kwambiri, kutsogolo kwakutali, ma auricles ang'ono, awiriawiri nthiti 12 ndi 3 tuudal vertebrae yokha. Mtundu wamtunduwu umakhala kuzilumba za Sumatra ndi Borneo ndipo umakhala ndi moyo wambiri.

Chimpanzi chimakhala ndi kutalika pang'ono komanso kutsogolo. Ali ndi makutu akulu (ofanana ndi anthu) ndi awiriawiri nthiti. Mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, amakhala m'nkhalango zam'mphepete mwa Africa.

Banja la Gibbon

A Gibbons ndi banja la mbewa 13. Amakhala ndi anyani akuluakulu a mitengo, omwe amadziwika ndi kutsogoleredwa kwamtsogolo kwambiri, komwe amapangika kulumpha, kuwuluka kuchokera pamtengo wina kupita ku umzake. Alibe macheke komanso mchira, koma ali ndi chimanga chaching'ono.

Amayandikira anyani a humanoid (m'mbuyomu adalumikizana mu banja limodzi) malinga ndi zizindikiro zingapo, mwachitsanzo, molingana ndi kapangidwe ka ubongo wawo. Masiku ano, pali mitundu ingapo ya ma gibboni ambiri ku Southeast Asia ndi ena mwa Zilumba Zachikulu za Sunda (kufupi ndi kumtunda).

Zizoloŵezi, mikhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Gibbons (chithunzi cha anyani akuwonetsedwa m'nkhaniyi) amakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha a Sunda Islands (Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan) ndi Southeast Asia (Burma, India, Vietnam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Thailand ndi Malaysia). Amakwera kumadera akumapiri mpaka pamtunda wamamita 2000. Nyaniwa amagwira ntchito masana okha.

Awa ndi anyani ochepa, omwe kutalika kwawo ndi mita imodzi, ndipo kulemera kwake sikupitirira 10 kilogalamu. Mothandizidwa ndi mikono yawo yamphamvu komanso yayitali, amatha kuchoka pa nthambi kupita ku nthambi mtunda wa mamita khumi kapena kupitilira apo. Kuyenda kofananako (brachyation) kumadziwikanso ndi anyani ena anthropoid.

Akatswiri ena amtunduwu amatha kuyimba nyimbo mosangalala ("nyani anyani"). Amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a mabanja, omwe mutu wawo ndi atsogoleri amuna. Kuchepa kwa Gibbon kumachitika pafupifupi zaka zapakati pa 5-7.

Chimodzi mwazosangalatsa ndichakuti khandalo limabadwa pambuyo pa masiku 210, likuyandikira maliseche komanso lolemera pang'ono. Amayi amavala pamimba pake pafupifupi zaka ziwiri, amawotha ndi kutentha kwake.

Pomaliza, gawo limodzi lofunikira la gibbons

Agiboni ndi nyama zomwe zimasiyana pakati pa nyani wina m'njira yachilendo - ndi zolengedwa zachilendo. Amakhala mosiyanasiyana awiriawiri kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono achimuna, wamwamuna ndi ana awo (nthawi zina achibale osungulumwa amapita nawo limodzi). Banjali limakhala lokhulupirika kwa wina ndi mzake kwa moyo wawo wonse, kutalika kwake kumakhala pafupifupi zaka 25.

Moyo wabanja

Gibboni wamkulu amabereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi zaka zitatu zilizonse. Chifukwa chake, mgulu la mabanja, nthawi zambiri pamakhala ana osakwana 2 mpaka 4.

Mimba imatenga miyezi 7-8, mayi amadyetsa khandalo mpaka kumayambiriro kwa chaka chachiwiri cha moyo.

Siamangs amasamalira ana modabwitsa. Mwana wa ng'ombe amakhala wodziyimira yekha pazaka zitatu. Pofika zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, ma gibons achichepere amakula bwino ndikuyamba kulankhulana ndi anzawo mwaubwenzi. Amalumikizana ndi abambo akuluakulu, ndipo amayesetsa kuti asalumikizane ndi akazi akuluakulu. Ndi pofika zaka 8 zokha achinyamata omwe amapatukana kwathunthu ndi banja lawo.

Amuna achichepere nthawi zambiri amayimba yekha, kuyesa kukopa chachikazi. Nthawi zambiri amamufufuza, akungoyenda m'nkhalango. Zikuwonekeratu kuti woyimbira woyamba sangakhale mnzake woyenera; kuyesa kopitilira kamodzi kumafunikira kuti mupeze "wanu yekhayo".

Agiboni si anyani ochezeka monga, mwachitsanzo, chimpanzi. Pagulu, sasinthana kawiri kawiri kapena chizindikiro. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito ngakhale ku siamang ndi nkhope zowoneka bwino komanso mawu olemekezeka a mawu. Kuphatikiza ubweya ndi mwina ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimagwirizana pakati pa ma giboni.

Koma chiwonetsero chodziwika bwino kwambiri ndikuyimba, komwe kwalongosoledwa pamwambapa.

Nthawi zambiri, magulu awiri kapena anayi a mabanja amakhala pamtunda uliwonse wa kilomita. Mabanja amayenda pafupifupi 1.5 km tsiku lililonse m'dera lawo, lomwe malo ake ndi 30 40 ha. Ngakhale ma saamang ali pafupifupi kawiri kuposa ma giboni ena, amakhala ndi malo ochepa a chakudya, amasunthanso pang'ono, ndipo amadya zakudya zambiri - masamba.

Kusungidwa kwa ma giboni achilengedwe

Kuwonongeka kwa malo obiriwira a mvula ku Southeast Asia kukayikira za kukhalapo kwa ma gibbons posachedwa.

Mu 1975, chiwerengero chawo chidafikira 4 miliyoni, koma pano pali mantha kuti mitundu ina siyingakwanitse kukhalabe ndi chiwerengero chochepa chokwanira kupulumuka. Kukolola nkhuni zochuluka kumabweretsa kuti chaka chilichonse zikwizikwi zokwanira 1000 zimakakamizidwa kusiya malo awo. Zotsatira zake, akuchepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero chawo. Komabe, zikuwonekeratu kuti ndi Gibbon yasiliva ndi Klib's ya Kloss, komanso ma Gibbons ena omwe atengeka kale, atsala pang'ono kutha.

Kuti musungitse anyani oyamba aja, muyenera kusunga malo omwe amakhala. Agiboni ndi anthu okhala m'nkhalango. Siziika pachiwopsezo kwa anthu ngati onyamula majeremusi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo akunja kwa anthu ndi luso lawo lapamwamba, anthu akumaloko ku Indonesia ndi Malawi Peninsula amalemekeza magombe ngati mizimu yabwino ya m'nkhalangomo ndipo samawasaka konse. Komabe, akupitilizabe kufa chifukwa cha zolakwa za anthu - iwo omwe adawonekera m'malo awa posachedwa, omwe ndi omwe amachititsa kuti nyama zonse ziwonongedwe mwadala.